Parts Of Speech 9th

Parts of Speech Context Determines Usage

Nouns  Nouns

name a person, place, thing, or idea.  (i.e. persons: George Solti, conductor, musicians, audience. Places: theater, Symphony Center. Things: instruments, chairs, podium, music stands. Ideas: inspiration, joy, cooperation, freedom.)

Pronouns 

Pronoun: a word used in place of a noun (antecedent) or another pronoun. (i.e. personal pronouns.)

Singular

Plural

First person

I, me, my, mine

We, us, our, ours

Second person

You, your, yours

You, your, yours

Third person

He, him, she, it, his, They, them, their, her, hers, its theirs

Verbs A

verb is a word used to express an action, a condition, or a state of being. The Mexicans fought a French army. (action) They wanted independence. (action you cannot see) Cinco de Mayo is very popular in Mexico City. (linking)

Verb Phrases 



A verb phrase is made up of a main verb and one or more helping verbs. Common Helping Verbs:

Forms of be: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been Forms of do:

do, does, did

Helping Verbs continued Forms of have:

has, have, had

Others:

may, might, can, should, could, would, shall, will

Adjectives  Modifies

or limits the meaning of a noun or

pronoun. Example: We saw the famous singer and the legendary Carnegie Hall.  Adjectives answer the questions: –

What Kind, Which One, How Many, How Much?

Proper Adjectives American artists  Japanese lanterns ** Fresh, original adjectives sharpen your writing where dull overused adjectives like good or great leave your reader uninterested. 

Proper Nouns:

Proper Adjectives:

Portugal

Portuguese

Egypt

Egyptian

North America

North American

Adverbs 

Adverbs modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Examples: 1.We instantly recognized Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony. 2.The famous notes rang out quite clearly. 3.The orchestra waited until the auditorium grew completely quiet.

Adverbs continued  Adverbs – – – –

answer the questions:

Where? When? How? To what extent?

Many adverbs are formed by adding –ly to adjectives. Sometimes the spelling changes because of this addition.

Commonly Used Adverbs: Afterward Fast

Low

Often

Today

Already

Forth

More

Slow

Tomorrow

Also

Hard

Near

Sometimes

Too

Back

Instead

Next

Still

Yet

Even

Late

Not

Straight

Far

Long

Now

Then

Adverb-Intensifiers  An

adverb that defines the degree of an adjective or another adverb. Intensifiers always precede the adjectives or adverbs they are modifying.

(i.e. We were rather surprised that classical music is very popular.)

Common Adverb-Intensifiers Extremely

Most

Quite

So

Truly

Just

Nearly

Rather

Somewhat

Very

More

Only

Really

Too

Prepositions A

preposition shows the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and another word in a sentence.

List of Commonly Used Prepositions About

Before

During

Off

Toward

Above

Behind

Except

On

Under

Across

Below

For

Onto

Underneath

After

Beneath

From

Out

Until

Against

Beside

In

Outside

Up

Along

Between

Inside

Over

Upon

Among

Beyond

Into

Since

With

Around

By

Like

Through

Within

As

Despite

Near

Throughout

Without

At

Down

Of

To

Conjunctions A

conjunction connects words or groups of words. There are three kinds of conjunctions: coordinating, correlative, and subordinating. Conjunctive adverbs are adverbs that function somewhat like conjunctions.

Coordinating Conjunctions: 

Connect words or groups of words of equal importance in a sentence. for

and

nor

or

yet

so

but

Correlative Conjunctions: 

These are word pairs that serve to join words or groups or words.

both…and

neither… nor

either… or

not only… but also

whether… or

Subordinating Conjunctions: 

Introduce subordinate clauses-- clauses that cannot stand alone-and join them to independent clauses. After

As though

If

So that

When

Although Because

Provided Than

Where

As

Before

Since

Unless

Whereas

As if

Even though In order that

Until

While

Conjunctive Adverbs: 

Used to express relationships between independent clauses.

Accordingly

Consequently

Hence

nevertheless

Still

Also

Finally

However

Otherwise Therefore

Besides

furthermore

Instead

Similarly

Thus

Interjections A

word or a phrase used to express emotion.  Usually set apart from the rest of the sentence by either a ! Or a , Examples: Yikes! Our project is due tomorrow. Well, where should we start?

Common Interjections:       

Wow Ouch Aha Gee Boy Imagine Unbelievable

*A strong interjection is followed by an exclamation point. A mild interjection is set off by commas.