Parasite Slides

garnetoc~es

-

ma~Jo.9am~te

ookimeta

SEXUAL CYCLE IN ANOPHELINE MOSQUITO (10-17 days)

Figure 4-15. Life cycle of human malaria parasites.

&

",ifJiS&i!.iWitlfiJ

!!JlI-.....

el~

7'

rn

I

~~

..

A

B

cy. .

.

c

X.2500

.

Figure 3-9. Schematic representation of Balantidium coli. A. trophozoite. B. Cyst. c =cilia; cy = cytopyge; c. v. = contractile vacuole; f = food vacuole; g = gullet; m mouth; rna. n = ;5:

macranucl:eus; mi. n = micronucleus. (Modified from Dobell andO'Connof, 1921.)

·""""~~i]~tf~:;G.!?_H:Q?I~

'tit~'stinal

and Lumina' Protozoa

21

-~-----------------

end.

k

n

n-~

.. '1. - '-:-;"-;~;

B

.\

\

,

~

1";~.r'''l '.

>

11

gI .1'

r.

c

.~:.

~r~.

t"

E X 2000

Figure 3-:L Schf'matic representation of Entamoeba histolytica. A. Trophozoite containirlg red blooo celis uncergoing cige:>tiJn. B. Preqstic ameba devoid of cytoplasmic inclusions. C. Young uninucleate cyst. D. Binucleate cyst. E. J\\ature ql.1adrinudeate cyst. c = chromdtoid ondies; ect. = ectoplasrI,; eno. = endur'as;,n; g = glycogen vacuole; k = ka,yosome; n = nucleus; r.b.c. = red blnou cells.

...

:;

•'r."f

Hl8

d5

>-

wa: >0

-tI-W

0

!

i

!I I.n.r.

I I

(f)

I

=> 0 > a:

C.C.

!.LJ Z

a.n.t.

In. t.

I

I·

O.g.

II

I

W

I

I I I

>

I-

WO

...J::> 4°

ej. d.

~~

r

a..

.W

a:

s

va

:al

c.t[

z o I-

o

W

(f)

(f) Cf)

u 1.1. ;;;;~~~":H--_o.d .

0.

5~ . OETAtL

m.e.

.,.,.- ......~;,J;.;~,

122

~

•

,,?1

~ggSlnSOil ~

embryonate

In 2-5 weeks

Basic & Clinical Parasitology

.

•

~ 1-'!1 ~~

I

Undev~loped

Embryonated egg ingested by humans

eggs

pass in feces

Adult worms in cecum, appendix, or large intestine of humans Children live largely at ground level

\

/

Returns to ilitastlnal lumen and mitjYates to cecum

"

Larva hatches from egg In small intestine . Larvae penetrates intestinal villi (3-10 days)

~

Figure 6-4. Life cycle of T~ich'uris trichiUra.

I

~

Basic & Clinical ParasHdlo'gy

140'

Larvae enter circvlation after hatching from eggs

'.

caMed up trachea, sWallowsd,a'n'd develop

Larvae

to adults in small bowel

~ Pneumonia from many larvae in lungs

CYCLEINVOl.VES LARVAL MIGRATION Two months before eggs in stool

Adult worms may migrate, perforate, or obstruct bowel

Eggs very resistant

o

~~-

/

Many eggs passed 2'-4 weeks to

~mbrydMte

.Figure 6-14. Life cycle of Ascaris lumbrfcoldes. '~;fl~~

·~:~t1

Basic & Clinical

130

Parasit~logy

Mig~a,ting 'Clrv~e oreak ir:Jto

alveo.li, 'ar~ qmi~o I),p bronchi and traQhl;l.~"

Enter circulation

~Iil:e.n

swallowed

Filariform larvae penetrate skin

~ Soil

t

Adult worms attach to mucosa of small bowel and suck blood

i§

l

,;g,

Iron loss proportionate to worm burden

-'j

i.,

Develop on soil

.......

(>

Rhabditiform larvae

~~

@.

Eggs excreted in feces

Figure 6-9. Life cycle of human hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale),

i

I

I! I

\

I

I

8a$i€ & Clini,c~J Para.sitolQgy

HlB:

I

I

I

>-

wa: >0

-tI- w

a i

i

I I

I

I.

(J) ~

o

> 0::: !.!J

Z

II I

I

..

w > I-

WU

....J~

ej.d.


:E~ a...

r

."

s

o.d~

v

va

f

I

I

I .

;Jmc

CII

Z 0

ov

<...:>

u

if)

1.1. o.d.

-Iw C/)

c.f.

h

I.n.t.

CJ)

o. o::~

<...:>

~

OeTAIL +-----_.-

-

122 • . ..•.•.

~

,?1

I

Undev~loped

~g9S In soil ~•

embryonate

In 2-5 weeks

Basic & Clinical Parasitology

.

\'

~ Embryonated egg ingested by humans

eggs

pass in feces

Adult worms in cecum, appendix, or large intestine of humans Children live largely at ground level

'\

/

Returns to intestinal lumen and migrates to cecum

"

Larva hatches from egg In small intestine . Larvae penetrates intestinal villi (3-10 days)

~

Figure 6-4. Life cycle of Trichuris trichiUra.

iJ

14()'

Basic & Clinical ParasHdlo'gy

Larvae enter circulation after hatching from eggs

Larvae carried up trachea, swalldwed,8mj davelop to adults in small bowel

~ Pneumonia from many larvae in lungs

CYCLEINVOl.VES LARVAL MIGRATION Two months before eggs in stool

Adult worms may migrate, jJerforate, or obstruct bowel Eggs very resistant

o

~...........-..-

/

Many eggs passed 2--4 weeks to sfflbryonate

.Figure 6-14. Life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoldes.

€~

Basic & Clinical

130

Paragit~l.ogy

Mig~a,t,ing '~rvi:\e preak ir;1to

aN,eoli, ·~U~ p~mi~o IrIP bronchi and trao.h~~., ~Ii\e.n swallowed

Enter circulation

Filariform larvae penetrate skin

~ t Soil

Adult worms attach to mucosa of small bowel and suck blood

~~,

I11·}~·:·

Iron loss proportionate to worm burden

'f;]

t~1

;!~.,

Develop on soil

"""

?

Rhabditiform larvae

~

~

<§)<§)

Eggs excreted in feces

Figure 6-9. Life cycle of human hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duo.denale).

':iif1l:~"~{;.mr.rt::~l~>'J?1.SjwiQll0;;#l¥jrJI1.~Hrf~§1f?!t~1ff)j~~~if{j}...*~t.<)7.:m&.!f',~~~n:£~~~l!~}~;~;1¢:1}jj':$k.W~ni.\\fi,J.rr~'t:~;"ty.J::;Z}:'1W~lJ~,~;,qi-:).~i;':_~'~""~_i"~t},f-;i;it¥5:;Hi~g,~·:rr,....t;}i:'P§'W.-r~i£%iYj:;:'-r:;''i!i!¥~'g,';g:;;'':!,:";,:~~·;,j:'-(;':W~·':n'·>i-''i'»-''iP;''&" ¥:i'>,j:"-~i:N'. :?Y_'W#iY;::WlN~til'·1ti!fi';;*~.~::J·; "ds'" ' '

/'

~

C7

Sheathed mf in blood .

Maxim4m mt at night (w. bancrofti and B. malay:)

Mf develop to infective larvae in mosquito or fly muscle

or afternoon (Loa loa)

LONG INCUBATION PERIOD (3 to 6 months) VARIABLE OUTCOME

:: . . .. ~

.....:.

Eye worm

~

Inguinal nodes and hydrocele

Calabar swellirlg ot"hand and wrist

Loa loa in skin

oil

W. bancrofti and B. malayi in lymphatics

Figure 7-4. General life cycle of filarial parasites. mf=microfilariae.

I

•

~j1

.-'"'" c"'"~'~'i,,,,,,~·1tA's\~~,~J~fl~~r~l~pmlit~ri-"~~,':;":\...- __':':'" ..

Eggs in soil embryonate in 2-5 weeks

I

Undev~loped

,

'"."

.",

"., .... -

.

'

..

~

.. _ ...

.. -.

~.' " '

.'\ Embryonated egg Ingested by . humans

eggs

pass in feces

'1.:J~

'I ~~~~

'';i'

la

~~

"In~ ',~ '.

0'"

'r1-:'. 1'

"ll',

Adult worms in cecum, appendix, or large intestine of humans

~

Children live largely at ground level

\

/

Returns to intestinall'.'men and migrates to cecum

"--

if··

~

~~

Larva hatche'. 110m egg in small intestir·e

"

Larvae penetrates intestinal villi . (3--10 days)

~".

,.;''"i ;i ~.;.i,

• r

r

c.w.

n

. 'iJJr<. .~~!';~

c.b.r. . ~

.: :

r. ~.

'. :.....~ f!i.i l, .'

: .'

:!1(f'I'!~"

..,f:~~~q.

c.b.r. 4:'-:';~'?~t4tf a-~~~~r'''''lt i

.' ".

p.t

J

o

X 3000

.

.,

.

;

Figure 3-11. The inteslinal and atrial flagellates of humans. A. Giardia lamblia trophozoite :1'. viewed frolll dorsill surface. B. Giardia lamlJlia cyst. C. Chilomastix mesnili.trophozoite, ven[ral view. U. Chilomastix mesnili cyst, ventral view. E. Enleromonas hominis trophozoite. F. Enlerof1l0niJS hmllinis quadrinucl{'(lled cyst. G. I?clorlamonas inlcstinalis trophozoite. H. Re-' ., lorfilnlOnas inlestinillis cyst. I. Trichomonas lenax trophozoite. ). Trichomonas hominis . t ,:'\ .. trophozoite. K. Trichomonas vagina!is trophozoite. a = axostylp.; aXil = axoneme; aJ. = anterior flagella; c = cytos[ol1le; e.b.r. = chrolllatoid basal rod; e.g. = chromatin granules; c.w. = cys[ willi; d = Slicking disk; f = f1ilgellurn; f. v. = food vacuole; fib. = fibril; i.a.f. = inferior anterior flagellum; k = karyosome; I.f. = lateral flagella; n = nucleus; p = parastyle; p.b. = .....J. pilrabastl! body; p.r. = posterior flagellum; 'I' = rhizoplast; s = shield; s.g. = spiral groove; u.m. ::0

I/Ilfhd;lling rlH:~rnhr;:lIle; v

= V(1ClJol!~; v.f. = ventDI flagella.

.:::: .,;

...

,

.

"

pa..

g.d

'

e.s.

es.·

";'>

i

a:

[c.

uJ

t!

'i

'i

g.c.

~

I~
z

II)

E

X2DO

~ Z


-oJ

Q.

c

U

!i=>

v.s.

Cj[ 0

~ ((

w

K

~

Figure 11-3. Larval forms of Fasciola hepatica. A. Immature egg. B. Miracidium in egg shell. C. Miracidium ready to enter snail. D. A very young sporocyst, immediately after completion of metamorphosis. E. Young sporocyst undergoing transverse fission. F. Adult sporocyst with rediae. G. Immature redia. H. Redia with' developing cercariae and one daughter redia. I. Cercaria. J. Body of cercaria. K. Encysted metacercaria. L. Excysted metacercaria. ap.=appendages; b=excretory bladder; b.p.=birth pore; c=ceca; C.c.=cystogenou5 cells; .c1'7.<;~lia;:··'" . ' ""l""":;''<'O'.;,,'''' .. ",·G· . . p,. 5:.·~e-.~y.e-spot~ t:A:.....:::;. ." " ." . £1 ame~-e'

. "., ,-;~::\ .

:-·.':,:G

. ··.· . :>:.~:~~::t{(;·~< . ,'.

":i.',r:,~~~

e:<::i\

.h,L.:--:. . ~

.;;.~.:'~' ~~; i", '~~:.;., ~ 1.~~·j:~~,~2'l:'~·~~\~~:>~;.~~~~:'~~t>l:-l

• ,;" m:;@t::;:WEmdlal '·Gdf)';;.'·~0=~r:n~re "

.)

:1 . "~~

Pltl tyhclm in theJ

673

Immalure proglollids

l h-rr-n-t-n'-'"TT""..-rm:DJXlDJ:ID:xtl::n::;

I

I I I I--,--~--

I I

J

~

I

\

:~~

:~J!MfH~""J

,

...

/)1:

,

~

I

I

I I

I

I

I

I

Genital pore

I I

Gcnital Forc"",

I

~7---

~

• ~ . vi -~:.r;~,.",

\.tl!,"'. " ",'/ ri

:.

Testis

~~~

.',:1

~'l j

Malure proglOllit!

FIGURE 51·1

-----

S~c:":er""""""""

Uterus

Gravid proglollid

RosIe II u111

Scolex

Major morphologic P:lrts of all adulr rapc\Von1l.

,;~~ :ij ~:~~

<~1

I .~

.::_;~ r£~

®

1BU

Basic & Clinical Parasitology D. fa tum

T. sofium

T. saginata

oggs ealen by cow

"

/ "

egg~ eaten by pig

.Q

."........

Copepod is eaten by frs!?h. y.rater, lish

Onchosphere hatches in intestine. car~;3d by blood to muscle and oiher tissues

i, i.

Cis!icerci localizo and dovelop in n~uscles 0·1 pork and boel Procercoid develops in muscles of lish

! i'

i:

Fish eaten raw

Be~orpork . eaten raw or poorly cooked .

figure 9-1. Life cycles of lhe 3 main human inlesl:naltapewomls.

•

Intestina. Tape:worlJlS: Qf Hu.man Beings

195

CYSTICERCUS

SCOLEX

SCOLEX

I---"l

from

MATURE MATURE

PROGLOTTI D

EGG

GRAVID

PROGLOTTID

GRAVID

PROGLOTTID

Figure 9-5. Taenia solium and T. saginata-a diagrammatic comparison.

INTEGUME:NT AND SUCKERS

NERVOUS SYSTEM

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

e.g. '1.5.

e s

v.n

tn.

d.n.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM fEMALE RE.PRODUCTIVE SYSTE.M

E XCRE. TORY SY STEM

f.c.

I~.z:--I--c.l

fLAME CELL

CIRRAL5AC AND GENITAL ATRllU fEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

u

l.e.

Figure 11-2. Schematic representation of morphology of a typical trematode. b=bladder; c= ceca; c.g.=cephalic ganglia; cl.=cilia; cr.=cirrus; cr.s.=cirral sac; c.t.=collecting tube; d.n.=dorsal nerve trunk; e=esophagus; e.c.=excretory capillary; e.p.=excretory pore; f.c.=flame cell; g.a.=genital atrium; g.o.=genital opening; 1.c.=Laurer's canal; I.n.=lateral '. nerve trunk; m.g.=Mehlis' gland; n=nucleus; oot=ootype; o.s.=orai sucker; ov.=ovary; p=pharynx; p.g.=prostate gland; s=spines; s.r.=seminal receptacle; s.v.=seminal vesicle; t=testis; u=uterus; v.d.=vas deferens; v.e.=vas efferens; v.n.=ventral nerve trunk; v.s.=ventral sucker; vt.=vitellaria; vt.d.=vitelline duct.

Intestinal, Hepatic, and Pulmonary Flukes of Human Rei:ngS:

229

Adult worfFlS in biliary lract or small intestine

Eggs excreted on moist soil or water

Metacercariae ingested

Some species encyst on gills, scales, or muscle of fish. Other species encyst on aquatic plants. 2nd INTERMEDIATE HOST

After multiplication cercariae emerge from snail.

Miracidia hatch from eggs of some species. Eggs of other species eaten by snails.

1st INTERMEDIATE HOST

Figure 12-3. General life cycle for human intestinal and liver flukes (Fasciolopsis buski, Heterophyes heterophyes, Metagonimus yokogawi, Nanophytes salmincola, Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis felineus, O. viverrini, and Fasciola hepatica).