Pahang: Percubaan Pmr 2008: Science Paper 2 (answers Attached)

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Section A Bahagian A [40 marks] [40 markah] Answer all questions Jawab semua soalan For Examiner’ s use

1

Diagram 1.1 shows cells M and N. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan sel M dan N.

Q R

S

M: …………………………

N: ………………………

Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1 Rajah 1(a)

(a) Name cells M and N in the space provided in Diagram 1.1 Namakan sel-sel M dan N dalam ruang yang disediakan pada Rajah 1.1 [2 marks] [2 markah]

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(b) P is where photosynthesis takes place. Label P in Diagram 1.1 P ialah tempat di mana fotosintesis berlaku. Labelkan P dalam Rajah 1.1

1(b)

[1 mark] [1 markah] (c) Draw lines to match the structures of the cell and their functions. Draw the lines as shown below. Padankan struktur sel dengan fungsinya dengan melukis garisan seperti yang ditunjukkan. Function Fungsi

Structure Struktur

Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell Mengawal pergerakan bahanQ

bahan masuk dan keluar dari sel Protects and maintains the shape of the cell

R

Melindungi dan mengekalkan bentuk sel

1(c)

Controls all activities of the cell S

Mengawal segala aktiviti sel Contains cell sap Mengandungi sap sel [2 marks] [2 markah]

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1(d)

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(d) Name one similar structure that can be found in both cells M and N. Namakan satu struktur sama yang terdapat di kedua-dua sel M dan N. ……………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] [1 markah]

Total

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2 Diagram 2.1 shows the flow of energy in a simple food web. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan aliran tenaga dalam satu siratan makanan ringkas. Organism A Organisma A Organism D Organisma D

Organism B

Organism C

Organisma B

Organisma C Diagram 2.1 Rajah 2.1

(a) (i) Which organism is the producer? Organisma yang manakah ialah pengeluar? ……………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark] [1 markah] (ii) Why is the organism mentioned in 2(a)(i) called the producer? Kenapa organisma yang disebut di 2(a)(i) dikenali sebagai pengeluar? 2(a)

……………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………... [1 mark] [1 markah]

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(b) Diagram 2.2 shows a food web that consists of several interrelated food chains. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan satu siratan makanan yang mengandungi beberapa gabungan rantai makanan.

Eagle Helang

Lizard

Snake

Rat

Rabbit

Cicak

Ular

Tikus

Arnab

Grasshopper

Paddy

Belalang

Padi Diagram 2.2 Rajah 2.2

(i) How many food chains are there in the food web shown in Diagram 2.2? Berapa rantai makanan yang terdapat dalam siratan makanan pada Rajah 2.2? …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] [1 markah]

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(ii) Give one example of food chain that you can find in the food web in Diagram 2.2. Beri satu contoh rantai makanan yang terdapat dalam siratan makanan

2(b)

dalam Rajah 2.2. ………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] [1 markah] (c) What will happen if an extreme drought season wipes out most of the paddy plants? Apa akan berlaku jika satu musim kemarau menghapuskan semua pokok padi?

2(c)

……………………….. ……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………... [1 mark] [1 markah] (d) Predict what will happen if the population of rats is suddenly increased. Ramalkan apa akan berlaku jika populasi tikus bertambah dengan tibatiba.

2 (d)

…………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………... [1 mark] [1 markah]

2(e)

(e) What is the source of energy for the food chain and the food web? Apakah sumber tenaga bagi rantai dan siratan makanan ini?

Total

………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] [1 markah]

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Diagram 3.1 shows an activity carried out to study how the products of photosynthesis are transported in a plant. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan satu aktiviti yang dijalankan untuk mengkaji cara hasil fotosintesis diangkut dalam tumbuhan.

Diagram 3.1 Rajah 3.1 (a) What happens to the part of the branch above the ring after two weeks? Draw your observations in the space provided in Diagram 3.1. 3(a)

Apa akan berlaku pada bahagian atas gelang selepas dua minggu? Lukiskan pemerhatian anda di ruang yang disediakan dalam Rajah 3.1. [1 mark] [1 markah] (b) Name the tissues that are removed from the branch.

3(b)

Namakah tisu yang dibuang dari batang. P P Q Q R R ……..………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark] [1 markah]

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(c) Explain what happens in (a). Terangkan apa yang berlaku di (a). ……………………………………………………………………………………

3(c)

….………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks] [2 markah] (d) Diagram 3.2 shows a cross-section of a stem. Mark ‘X’ on the part mentioned in (c). Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan satu keratan rentas batang tumbuhan. Tandakan ‘X’ pada bahagian yang disebut di (c). [1 mark] [1 markah]

3(d)

Diagram 3.2 Rajah 3.2 3(e)

(e)

What conclusion can be made from this activity? Apakah yang dapat dirumuskan dairpada aktiviti ini? ………………………………………………………………………………….

Total

.

…………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark} [1 markah]

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Diagram 4.1 shows the arrangement of marbles in three sections of a container to show the states of matter. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan susunan guli-guli dalam tiga bahagian dulang untuk menunjukkan keadaan jirim. P

Q

R

Diagram 4 Rajah 4 (a)

Based on Diagram 4, which state of matter do the marbles show in Berdasarkan Rajah 4, apakah keadaan jirim yang digambarkan oleh guli di bahagian

4(a)

P:………………………………………………………………………………….. Q:…………………………………………………………………………………. R:………………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks] [3 markah]

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State one property for P and Q.

(b)

Nyatakan satu ciri P dan Q. Matter

Property

Jirim P

Ciri-ciri

Q 4(b)

[2 marks] [2 markah] (c) State one example of substance that has similar property as Q. Nyatakan satu contoh bahan yang mempunyai ciri serupa dengan Q. ….. ………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark] [1 markah]

4(c)

(d) Suggest one way how the state of matter R can be changed to Q. Cadangkan satu cara bagaimana rupabentuk R boleh ditukar kepada Q. 4(d)

………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark] [1 markah]

Total

5

Diagram 5.1 shows how some crude petroleum is heated to different

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temperatures. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan bagaimana minyak mentah dipanaskan pada suhusuhu yang berbeza. Thermometer Termometer

Delivery tube Tiub penghantar Porcelain chips

Petroleum Petroelum

Serpihan porcelain

Water Air

Petroleum fraction Pecahan petroleum

Diagram 5.1 Rajah 5.1 (a) Name the process used in Diagram 5.1 to obtain the petroleum fractions Namakah proses yang digunakan dalam Rajah 5.1 untuk memperoleh 5(a)

pecahan petroleum. ……………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark] [1 markah] (b) Table 5.2 shows the four fractions of petroleum collected in four separate test tubes according to different temperature. Jadual 5.2 menunjukkan empat pecahan petroleum yang dikumpulkan dalam tabung uji yang berasingan mengikut suhu yang berbeza.

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Distilled oil

Range of boiling point

Hasil penyulingan P

Julat takat didih 30-800C

Colour Warna Colourless Jernih Yellow

0

Q

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80-120 C

R

120-160 C

Kuning Orange

S

160-2000C

Jingga Red

0

Merah Table 5.2 Jadual 5.2 (i) What is the relationship between P and S in terms of their boiling points and the colour of the distillate? Apakah hubungan di antara P dan S dari segi takat suhu didih dan warna hasil penyulingan?

5(b)(i)

………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark] [1 markah] (ii) Using the words given below, name fractions P, Q, R and S.

5(b)(ii)

.

Namakan hasil penyulingan berdasarkan yang berikut. Kerosene Kerosin

P: Q: R: S:

Diesel Diesel

Petrol Petrol

Lubricating oil Minyak pelincir

………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. …………………………………………. ………………………………………….. [2 marks] [2 markah] SMS Muzaffar Syah , Melaka

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(c) (i) State one use of P. Nyatakan satu kegunaan P ………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] [1 markah] (ii) Explain why we have to use P wisely. Terangkan kenapa kita perlu gunakan P dengan bijaksana. …………………………………………………………………………

5(c)

……… ………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] [1 markah]

Total

For Examiner’s use

6

Diagram 6.1 shows the apparatus used in an experiment to study the relationship between current and resistance. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan alatan yang digunakan dalam satu eksperiment untuk mengkaji hubungan di antara arus dan rintangan. SMS Muzaffar Syah , Melaka

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Nichrome wire

Metre rule

Dawai nikrom

Pembaris meter

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Jockey Joki

Dry cell Sel kering

Ammeter Ammeter nikrom

Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1 Table 6.2 shows the result of the experiment. Jadual 6.2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen. Length of nichrome wire (cm)

Current (Ampere)

Panjang dawai nikrom (cm) 30 40 50 60 70

Arus (ampere) 0.54 0.52 0.50 X 0.46

(a) Diagram 6.3 shows the reading of X when the length of nichrome wire is 60 cm. Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan bacaan X apabila panjang nikrom wire itu ialah 60 cm. For Examiner’s use

6(a) 6(c) 6(b)

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Reading of X Bacaan X

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Diagram 6.3 = ………………………………………………. Rajah 6.3

[1 mark] [1 markah] (b) Based on the results in Table 6.2, what happens to the ammeter reading when the length of nichrome wire increases? Berdasarkan keputusan dalam Jadual 6.2, apa berlaku kepada bacaan ammeter apabila panjang dawai nikrom bertambah? ……………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark] [1 markah] (c) Predict the ammeter reading if the length of nichrome wire is 80 cm. Ramalkan bacaan ammeter jika panjang dawai nikrom ialah 80 cm. ……………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark] [1 markah]

6(d)

(d) What conclusion can you make from this experiment? Apakah kesimpulan yang anda dapati daripada eksperimen ini? ……………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

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(e) Choose the correct symbols of the electrical components used in Diagram 6.1. Pilih simbol komponen elektrik yang digunakan dalam Rajah 6.1. Tick (√ ) in the box provided. Tandakan (√ ) dalam petak yang disediakan.

6(e)

A

Diagram 6.3 Rajah 6.3

[ 2 marks] [2 markah]

(f) Diagram 6.4 shows the reading on the ammeter when the voltage is 0.6 V Rajah 6.4 menunjukkan bacaan ammeter apabila bacaan voltan 0.6V

Diagram 6.4 Rajahthe 6.4information in Diagram 6.4. Calculate the resistance by using Use the formula given below. Hitungkan rintangan dengan menggunakan maklumat yang diberikan dalam Rajah 6.4. Gunakan rumus yang dibeikan.

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6(f)

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Resistance =

Voltage Ampere

Rintangan

Voltan Ampere

=

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[2 mark] [2 markah]

Total

Section B [20 marks] [20 markah] Answer all questions

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Jawab semua soalan For Examiner’s Use

Diagram 7 shows the arrangement of particles in four substances. Rajah 7 menunjukkan susunan zarah-zarah dalam empat bahan J

K

Oxygen

Sodium chloride

Oksigen

Natrium klorida

L

M

Sulphur

Water

Sulfur

Air Diagram 7 Rajah 7

(a) Observe Diagram 1. Based on your observation, state one property of J, K, L, and M. Perhatikan Rajah 1. Berdasarkan pemerhatian anda, nyatakan satu ciri bagi J, K, L, dan M

For Examiner’s Use

J : ………………………………………………………………………………. K : ………………………………………………………………………………. L : ………………………………………………………………………………. M : ……………………………………………………………………………….

7(a)

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b) Classify J, K, L, and M in Diagram 7 into two groups based on common properties. Write the letters of the substances belonging to each group. Kelaskan J, K, L, dan M dalam Rajah 7 kepada dua kumpulan berdasarkan ciri sepunya. Tuliskan huruf-huruf yang mewakili bahan itu bagi setiap kumpulan.

Oxygen, Sodium chloride, Sulphur, Water Oksigen, Natrium klorida, Sulfur, Air

Common property Ciri sepunya

7(b)

Name of substance Nama bahan Total For Examiner’s Use

[4 marks] [4 markah] 8. (a) Diagram 8.1 shows two shirts of different colours which are being dried under the same conditions. Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan dua helai baju yang berlainan warna dijemur di Black shirtkeadaan yang sama. White shirt bawah Baju hitam

Baju putih Situation B

Situation A Situasi A SMS Muzaffar Syah ,8.1 Melaka Diagram Rajah 8.1

Situasi B SULIT

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(i)

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Based on your observations in Figure 8.1, state the difference in the time taken for the shirts to dry in Situation A and Situation B. Berdasarkan pemerhatian anda dalam Rajah 8.1, nyatakan perbezaan masa yang diambil untuk mengeringkan baju dalam keadaan A dan keadaan B.

8(a)(i)

………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] [1 markah]

For Examiner’s Use

(ii)

What inference can be made based on Situation A and Situation B in Diagram 8.1? Apakah inferens yang boleh dibuat berdasarkan Situasi A dan Situasi

8(a)(ii)

B dalam Rajah 8.1.

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…….. ……………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] [1 markah] State one hypothesis based on your observations in Figure 8.1.

(iii) 8(a)(iii)

Nyatakan satu hipotesis berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Rajah 8.1. ……………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark] [1 markah] (b) A student carried out an experiment to investigate the absorption of heat by different types of surfaces. The initial temperature of the flasks were taken. The flasks were then heated for 5 minutes before the final temperature of the flasks were taken. Seorang pelajar menjalakan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat penyerapan haba oleh jenis permukaan yang berlainan. Suhu awal kelalang kon diambil. Kelalang-kelalang kon itu dipanaskan selama 5 minit sebelum suhu akhir diambil.

Conical flask Kelalang kon

Conical flask Kelalang kon For Examiner’s Use

10 cm

Thermometer

Thermometer Termometer

10 cm

Termometer Black, dull surface Permukaan hitam pudar

P

White, shiny surface Permukaan putih

SMS Muzaffar Syah , Melaka Diagram 8.2 Rajah 8.2

Q

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(i)

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Diagram 8.3 shows the final reading of thermometers P and Q. Record the readings in Table 8.4 and calculate the rise in temperature in each flask. Rajah 8.3 menunjukkan bacaan akhir thermometer P dan Q. Rekodkan bacaan dalam Jadual 8.4 dan kira peningkatan suhu dalam setiap kelalang kon. 40

40

30

30

20

20

P For Examiner’s Use

Q Diagram 8.3 Rajah 8.3

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P

Q

28

28

8(b)(i)

Initial temperature (oC) Suhu awal (oC) Final temperature (oC) Suhu akhir (oC) Rise in temperature (oC) Kenaikan suhu (oC) Table 8.4 Jadual 8.4

[2 marks] [2markah] (ii)

Based on Table 8.4, draw a bar chart to show the rise in temperature in P and Q. Berdasarkan Jadual 8.4, lukiskan satu carta bar untuk menunjukkan

Rise in temperature (oC) Kenaikan suhu (oC)

kenaikan suhu dalam P dan Q.

For Examiner’s Use

8

6

4

2

SMS Muzaffar Syah , Melaka Conical Flask Kelalang kon

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8(b)(ii)

[2 marks] [2 markah] (iii)

Based on the bar chart, what can you say about the rise in temperature in the conical flasks?

8(b)(iii)

Berdasarkan carta bar, apakah yang boleh dinyatakan tentang kenaikan suhu didalam kelalang-kelalang kon itu? ………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………. For Examiner’s Use

[1 mark] [1 markah]

(iv)

What is the relationship between the colour of the surface and the rate of heat absorption? Apakah hubungan antara warna permukaan dengan kadar

8(b)(iv)

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penyerapan haba? ……………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] [1 markah] (c) State the variables involved in this experiment. Nyatakan pembolehubah dalam eksperimen ini. Manipulated variable:

…………………………………………………..

Pembolehubah yang dimanipulasi Responding variable: 8(c)

…………………………………………………..

Pembolehubah yang berak balas Fixed variable: Pembolehubah

Total

…………………………………………………..

yang ditetapkan [3 marks] [3 markah] END OF QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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sce paper 2 trial PMR PHG 2008 SKEMA JAWAPAN PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PMR SCIENCE PMR 2008 No. 1(a)

Skema M: Plant cell N : Animal cell 1 mark for each correct answer

Markah 1 mark

Jumlah 2 marks

1 mark

1 mark

1 mark

2 marks

1 mark

1 mark

Total

6 marks

1 mark 1 mark

1 mark 1 mark

1(b) Q R

S P 1(c)

Structure Struktur

Q

Function Fungsi

Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell Protects and maintains the shape of the cell

R Controls all activities of the cell

S

Contains cell sap

1 mark for each correctly matched pair 1(d)

2(a)(i) 2(a)(ii)

Nucleus//Cytoplasm// Cell Membrane 1 mark(either one)

Organism B Because it makes its own food.

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sce paper 2 trial PMR PHG 2008 2(b)(i) 2(b)(ii)

2(c) 2(d) 2(e)

Four// 4 • Paddy plant→Grasshopper→Lizard→Eagle • Paddy plant→Rat→Snake→Eagle • Paddy plant→Rat→Eagle • Paddy plant→Rabbit→Eagle 1 mark (either one answer) The other animals in the food chain will starve and reduce in numbers There will be a decrease in the paddy population// There will be an increased in snake population The sun

3(a)

1 mark 1 mark

1mark 1 mark

1 mark

1 mark

1 mark

1 mark

1 mark Total

1 mark 7marks

1 mark

1 mark

1 mark 2 marks

1 mark 2 marks

1 mark

1 mark

‘

3(b) 3(c)

Phloem tissues • The removal of phloem cells/tissues stop manufactured food from moving downwards thus food accumulates in the region above the ring. • The manufactured/synthesized food is unable to move downwards thus food substances accumulate in the regions above the ring

3(d)

X

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3(e)

4(a)

4(b)

4(c) 4(d) 5(a) 5(b)(i) 5(b)(ii)

Phloem tissues/ cells transport manufactured(synthesized) food from the leaves to the stem and roots// Phloem tissues/ cells transport manufactured(synthesized) food from the leaves to all parts of the plants P: Solid Q:Gas R:Liquid 1 mark for each correct answer P:Arrangement of particles are compact and orderly // closely packed // particles vibrate in their respective positions Q:Arrangement of particles are very loose and disorderly // particles move randomly //particles move fast // particles move freely Any suitable answers: Oxygen ; Carbon dioxide ; Nitrogen, etc By heating Fractional Distillation of Petroleum The higher the boiling point of a fraction, the darker its colour P:Petrol Q:Kerosene R:Diesel S:Lubricating oil

1 mark

1 mark

Total

6marks

1 mark

3 marks

1 mark

2 marks

1 mark 1 mark

1 mark

1 mark Total

1 mark 7marks

1 mark 1 mark

1 mark 1 mark

2 marks

2 marks

1 mark

1 mark

5(c)(i)

Any two correct answers Fuel for motor vehicles and airplanes.

5(c)(ii)

Because P is a non-renewable form of energy

1 mark Total

1 mark 6marks

6(a) 6(b) 6(c) 6(d)

Reading of X = 0.48 A The ammeter reading will decrease. 0.44 A The current flow in a circuit decreases as the resistance increases // As the resistance in a circuit increases, the current flow in a circuit decreases.

1 mark 1 mark 1 mark 1 mark

1 mark 1 mark 1 mark 1 mark

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6(e)

√

√

1 mark

2 marks

1 mark

2 marks

Total

8marks

1 mark

4 marks

A

6(f)

1 mark for each correct answer Resistance (R) = Voltage (V) Ampere (A R = V I R = 0.6 V 0.2A = 3.0 Ohm // 3.0Ω 1 mark for correct substitude of numbers 1 mark for the correct answer

7(a)

J: Made up of two particles//made up of one type of particles// K:Made up of two particles//made up of two different types of particles L:Made up of eight particles//made up of one type of particles M:Made up of three particles//made up of two different types of particles 1 mark for each correct answer

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7(b)

1 mark

4 marks

Total 1 mark

8marks 1 mark

1 mark

1 mark

1 mark

1 mark

Oxygen, Sodium chloride, Sulphur, Water Oksigen, Natrium klorida, Sulfur, Air

Made up of more than one type of particles

Made up of one type of particles

Sodium chloride and water

Oxygen and sulphur

Ciri

Nama

Oxygen, Sodium chloride, Sulphur, Water Oksigen, Natrium klorida, Sulfur, Air

Made up of two particles

Made up of more than two particles

Oxygen and sodium chloride

Sulphur and water

Ciri

Nama

1 mark for each box. 8(a)(i)

(Shirt in) Situation A takes a shorter time to dry compared to the (shirt in) Situation B// (Shirt in) Situation A dries faster than (shirt in) Situation B (Shirt in) Situation B takes a longer time to dry compared to (shirt in) Situation B// (Shirt in) Situation B dries slower than (shirt in) Situation A

8(a)(ii)

Black shirt absorbs heat better/faster than white shirt// White shirt absorbs heat slower than black shirt// Absorption of heat depends on the colour of the shirt

8(a)(iii) Black shirt absorbs heat better than white shirt//

Black surface absorbs heat better than white surface// The darker the colour, the faster the shirt dries// The darker the surface, the faster it absorbs heat

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8(b)(i) Final temperature (OC) Rise in temperature (OC)

Q

35 OC

31 OC

1 mark

7 OC

3 OC

1 mark

8(b)(ii) Rise in temperature (oC)

2 marks

P

2 marks

2 marks

1 mark

1 mark

1 mark

1 mark

1 mark 1 mark 1 mark

1 mark 1 mark 1 mark

Total

12marks

8

6

4

2

8(b)(iii The rise in temperature in P is higher than Q// The rise in temperature in P and ) P Q Q are different higher the rate of heat 8(b)(iv) The darker the surface, theConical Flask

absorption A dark/black coloured surface absorbs heat faster than a light/white coloured surface

8(c)

Type of surface Rise in temperature//Final reading of thermometer Distance of flask from Bunsen burner//Size of flask

SMS Muzaffar Syah , Melaka