Open Space V20910 (planning 3 Final Report)

OPEN SPACE PLANNING Planning 3 ABANTE,ROMELYN P. BANTIGUE, CHERRY MAE N. PAPA,DAVID M. RUNAS, KATHLEEN BS AR V-2D

WHAT IS AN

OPEN SPACE

The term 'open space' covers greenspace consisting of any vegetated land or structure, water, path or geological feature within and on the edges of settlements, and civic space consisting of squares, market places and other paved or hard landscaped areas with a civic function. Some spaces may combine green and civic space elements, but one type or other will usually predominate ..

Or According to Presidential Decree No . 1216 : An area reserved exclusively for parks, playgrounds, recreational uses, schools, roads, places of worship, hospitals, health centers, barangay centers and other similar amenities and facilities.

Open Space can be categorized into two : • Rural Open Space • Urban Open Space

TYPES OF OPEN SPACE

Rural Open Space Open space areas are largely unfragmented areas of undeveloped land that are set aside primarily to preserve and/or enhance the community’s wildlife habitat, agricultural productivity and recreational opportunities.

Urban Open Space

are typically undeveloped land within urbanized areas that are set aside to provide public recreational opportunities as well as the chance to experience natural areas and wildlife habitat. They may also be developed areas that are available to the public to provide a feeling of

Public parks and gardens Areas of land normally enclosed, designed, constructed, managed and maintained as a public park or garden. These may be owned or managed by community

Private gardens or grounds Areas of land normally enclosed and associated with a house or institution and reserved for private use.

Amenity greenspace Landscaped areas providing visual amenity or separating different buildings or land uses for environmental, visual or safety reasons and used for a variety of informal or social activities such as sunbathing, picnics or kickabouts.

Playspace for children and teenagers Areas providing safe and accessible opportunities for children's play, usually linked to housing areas.

Sports areas Large and generally flat areas of grassland or specially designed surfaces, used primarily for designated sports (including playing fields, golf courses, tennis courts and bowling greens) and which are generally bookable.

Green corridors

Routes including canals, river corridors and old railway lines, linking different areas within a town or city as part of a designated and managed network and used for walking, cycling or horse riding, or linking towns and cities to their surrounding countryside or country parks. These may link

Natural / semi natural greenspaces Areas of undeveloped or previously developed land with residual natural habitats or which have been planted or colonised by vegetation and wildlife, including woodland and wetland areas.

Allotments and community growing spaces Areas of land for growing fruit, vegetables and other plants, either in individual allotments or as a community activity.

Civic space Squares, streets and waterfront promenades, predominantly of hard landscaping that provide a focus for pedestrian activity and can make connections for people and for wildlife.

Burial grounds Includes churchyards and cemeteries.

Other functional greenspace May be one or more types as required by local circumstances or priorities

THE VALUE OF AN OPEN SPACE • If sufficiently vegetated, open spaces perform ecological services as carbon sink and contribute to rainwater infiltration and aquifer recharge

• • They also offer opportunities for free recreation for the local residents. At the same time they can serve as protection buffers around hazardous areas and installations buffers around hazardous areas and installations.

O p e n sp a ce

shall conform

to the provisions of PD 1216 and its implementing rules and shall include the following : Streets – adequate and safe means of vehicular pedestrian circulation and easements for utilities and planting strips, shall be provided

Walks – paved walks shall be provided to the living units from streets, parking spaces and from living units to play area. Parks and Playgrounds – suitable recreational area shall be allocated within the subdivision. Where applicable, a hierarchy of such recreational areas may be provided for, such that, a strategically located main park area is supplemented or complemented by one or more smaller pocket or areas for recreational use. These areas must be accessible to living units and free from any form of hazard risk. Said parks and playgrounds shall be cleared and free from any debris.

Parks and Playground Park – An area of land set aside for public use, as: A piece of land with few or no buildings within or adjoining a town, maintained for recreational and ornamental purposes. A landscaped city square. A large tract of rural land kept in its natural state and usually reserved for the enjoyment and recreation of visitors. Playground – An outdoor area set aside for

Hierarchy of Parks and Playgrounds At the city/ municipal level, the town square or plaza is at the top of the hierarchy The town plaza should be a factor in establishing the image of the town. Central urban functions may be located around the town plaza

Lower order parks should be planned in conjunction with neighborhood and community centers Lower-end open spaces include barangay parks, neighborhood parks, vest-pocket parks, and tot lots (children’s play areas).

Parks and Playground Allocation

DENSITY PARKS/PLAYGROUNDS No. of Lots/Dwelling Allocation in percent unit per hectare Gross Area (%) 20 and below 21 - 25 26 – 35 36 – 50 51 – 65 Above 65

3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 9.0

Parks and playground as much as possible shall be at street level Allocation of area for parks and playgrounds shall be mandatory for projects one (1) hectare or more and shall be deemed nonbuildable area. Area allocated for parks and playgrounds shall in no case be less than 100 square meters.

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1216 Section 31: Roads, Alleys, Sidewalks, and Open space – The owner as developer of subdivision shall provide adequate roads, alleys and sidewalks. For subdivision projects one hectare or more, the owner or developer shall reserve 30 % of the gross area for open space. Such open space shall have the following standards allocated exclusively for parks, playgrounds and recreational use:

a. 9% of gross area for high density or social housing (66 – 100 family lot for gross hectare). b. 7% of gross area for mediumdensity or economic housing (21 – 65 family lot per gross hectare). c. 3.5% of gross area for lowdensity or open market

While there is no particular procedure for the development of an open space plan, whether by a municipality or another entity, there are GUIDELINES for its approval and implementation.

Where an open space plan is being prepared by the municipality as a potential amendment to its comprehensive plan, the applicable enabling statutes require one or more hearings by the board preparing the plan prior to consideration by the local legislative body.

Next, this local legislative body must hold at least one public hearing before making a decision on adoption of the plan. Volunteer members of a planning group can be expected to provide direction on community policy issues, and, in many cases, will be able to provide information on open space lands and resources.

Every municipality which has enacted land use regulations should conduct a study of the recreational needs of the community in order to judge whether new residential development will contribute to demand for certain facilities.

In the case of an

open space plan, the

INVENTORY

should include the range of items which could satisfy a community’s open space needs: • Scenic roads, views and vistas; • Rivers, lakes, ponds and streams; • Wetlands; • Wildlife habitat; • Existing public lands, such as parks, trails, and other recreation areas; • Working landscapes such as farms and forests

• Unique geologic formations such as cliffs and caves; • Trails, bikeways, railroad beds and other important rights-of-way; • Historic landscapes; • Flood plains, erosion hazard areas and steep slopes

AND FINALLY, A common method of identifying lands which might be eligible for conservation is the overlay mapping system. In this system, various resources and values are entered on separate maps, which are then overlaid to reveal clusters of significant resources.

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