Open Solaris General Case Study

Open Solaris Operating System

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Open Solaris Operating System

Acknowledgment

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Open Solaris Operating System

Workload Matrix Sa Introduction To Open Solaris Kernel Overview

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Installation And Configuration User Interface

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Customizing User Interface

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Working With Open Solaris

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Secondary Storage Management Networking

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Recovery And Security Strategies

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Standard Support

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- Samith Sadanayake

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- Tilani Nisansala

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- Thilini Dilhari

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Open Solaris Operating System

TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT .............................................................................................2 WORKLOAD MATRIX...............................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION TO OPEN SOLARIS ....................................................................5 KERNEL OVERVIEW..............................................................................................12 INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION ..............................................................23 USER INTERFACE.................................................................................................36 CUSTOMIZING USER INTERFACE.......................................................................40 WORKING WITH OPEN SOLARIS........................................................................43 SECONDARY STORAGE MANAGEMENT............................................................48 NETWORKING........................................................................................................52 RECOVERY AND SECURITY STRATEGIES.........................................................56 STANDARD SUPPORT .........................................................................................60 REFERENCE...........................................................................................................64 MINUTES OF MEETING.........................................................................................65

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Open Solaris Operating System

Introduction to Open Solaris Introduction The Open Solaris Operating System is a research operating system by Sun Microsystems which is based on Solaris. Open Solaris Os in a Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) Operating system which is License under GNU Public License which can be distributed freely over the world community.

Figure 1 – Open Solaris Logo

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Open Solaris Operating System

Open Solaris is an operating system which accords a platform for building and running applications. It has built-in features that help to build, debug and deploy new applications faster. It's is an operating system (OS), an open source project licensed under CDDL, and a community. There is a huge demand for Open Solaris today, because it has a large number of features that are not found in other OSs, such as Time Slider, ZFS as the default file system, enhanced Image Packaging System (IPS), COMSTAR, Trace enabled packages for extreme operability and performance tuning, D-Light, etc. Open Solaris is the best to develop the applications the future generations will need, it is high performing and extremely reliable.

Figure 2 - Open Solaris Idle Screen

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Open Solaris Operating System

Sun Microsystems Sun Microsystems Inc., (NASDAQ: JAVA) develops the technologies that power the global marketplace. Guided by a singular vision -- "The Network is the Computer" -- Sun drives network participation through shared innovation, community development and open source leadership.

Figure 3 - Sun Microsystems Logo

Employees: 33,423 worldwide. Fiscal Year 2008 Revenues: $13.880 billion. Locations: Sun conducts business in more than 100 countries around the globe.

Sun Microsystems Inc... (2008). Company Profile. Available: http://www.sun.com/aboutsun/company/index.jsp. Last accessed 30 Dec 2008.

In addition to OpenSolaris, Sun contributes to a range of open source projects, including MySQL, NetBeans, GlassFish, OpenOffice.org, OpenJDK, java.net, and many others.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Open Solaris Features •

GNOME Desktop 2.24 They have introduced a new version of a GNOME which provides hundreds of bug fixes and user requested improvements. Even though they failed to fulfill everything they have achieve most of the user requests in the new version which they have released on October 2008

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View changes to your files over time With the usage of ZFS file system, it’s automatically snapshot our files at the regular intervals. Therefore it will help us to view files and recover those.

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Plug and Print They has been released with a new print manager which helps to manage the printer used for the daily basis. Locally attached USB printers has been added with the CUPS Support planned for the future release.

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Safer browsing with Firefox 3 With the fastest, secure and customized best Firefox leased with all the features.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Figure 4 - Mozilla Firefox under Open Solaris

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Desktop search By the use of Tracker, it can search quickly and easily for the files we saved before. Also no needed to keep a track of the files where we saved. By using tracker, it will search for it by just giving only a one word in that file or the artist of the song.

Figure 5 - Desktop Search

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Be productive with Open Office.org 3

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Open Solaris Operating System

This is the latest open source office package leased, which stored data for the international standard and also we can open and modify this file with any other office package.

Figure 6 - Open Office Logo

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Collaborate with Gobby It allows us to add multiple uses to a single chat and multi documents to a single session. Also allow uses to be added to our session, can choose a color by themselves and start sharing.

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Download torrents with transmission This feature is a newly added to open Solaris. This is an easy to use Bit Torrent client.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Advantages of Open Solaris ZFS- Zettabyte File System ZFS has been developed to meet the increasing needs of a general purpose file system. It helps to solve numerous problems that can crop up: losing of important files, corruption • of data etc. Virtualization The feature virtualization provides advanced functions and increases the rate of utilization by putting together multiple applications to make it one system. Networking Open Solaris provides, without having to modify the applications, high performance networking. IPS- image Packaging System IPS is the new package management system which is network based. It has the ability of installing new software and receiving updates from other network package storehouses. Automated Install This is a new enterprise technology which provides support for network and local installations of Open Solaris 2008.11. Here one installation specification can be applied to multiple systems. New Repositories=New Software This structure helps you to freely contribute your software and showcase your innovation to worldwide audience. There are many more repositories providing a large amount of software in an accessible manner. Desktop All the newest and the best features of the GNOME community, along with some superb graphical features such as the Compiz window manager, or Avant task bar are included in Open Solaris. Power Management The new Open Solaris 2008.11 brings the first few platforms to support, suspend and resume to RAM and is convenient for mobile users and quite important for those who are concerned about energy consumption.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Kernel Overview Process Management Introduction Early days computers were single tasking and the user interface was very simple. So the processes that the computer at that time had to process were very little. Because of this reason in those computer systems there were no such task called process management. But day by day technology had been developed farther and the area that uses computers had become wider. So the amount of tasks that had to accomplish by the computer system was increased. To fulfill this need a kernel task called Process Management was added in to the computer systems. To get the maximum utilization of the Central Processing System (CPU) computer system specialists developed more and more advanced algorithms to manage the processes. When UNIX began to play a huge role in the field, the computer systems hardware and software technology had become height and most of the control had done by software. Then the task of managing the processes was completely done by the kernel. As Solaris uses the same Linux kernel and it is based on UNIX, Linux also uses an advanced process management methodology. When we talk about the process management, first of all we have to talk about the word “process”.

The Process In the book “Operating System Principals”, Galvin (2006) says that a process means a program on execution. It is not only code of a program but also the relevant data and resources that relative to the execution of the process. And he also said that an executable file is not a process, the only way it become a process is when it loaded well in to the memory. So we can get an idea that for a single program, there can be more processes. So in a multi user operating system like Solaris, as even a single use can use many instants of the same program, a particular program may have thousands of processes.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Process State As a process is something that happens, so it must have a current state. As Galvin (2006) mentioned, for a process there are five states. • • • • •

NEW READY RUNNING BLOCK TERMINATED

At a given moment each process must have a state from those five. The relation ships between those states can be graphically displayed using a diagram called Process State Diagram.

Figure 7 - Process State Diagram Source: Operating System Principals, Galvin 2006

When a new process implement by a program, it is sent to a queue called Ready Queue. Then the process waits until the process at the ‘running’ state get interrupts or request for IO and then the dispatcher dispatch the process to the CPU to execute it. Then that process execute by the CPU until it receives an interrupt signal or the process request for IO. If it is IO then the process state changes to ‘blocked’ and after the IO or event completed the process is sent back to the ready queue. If the process was interrupted then it directly goes back to the ready queue.

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Open Solaris Operating System

After the process finished it terminate it self or an error occurs the process will be terminated by the process manager.

Process Control Block When we tack a process there are some characteristics that hold various values. So the system stores these data in a special data structure called Process Control Block. As Galvin mentions (2006), there are 9 major data fields in this data block. They are, • Pointer to parent process • Pointer area to child process • Process state • Program counter • Register save area • Memory limits • Priority information • Accounting information • Pointer to files and other IO resources

Pointer to parent process The address of the parent process.

Pointer area to child process If there are any child processes, then the process manager adds those addresses to here.

Process state Process state can be one of those five given in the last page. It can be new, ready, running, blocked or terminated.

Program counter This holds the value of the next instruction to execute in the program.

CPU registers These are the addresses of the registers used by the process

Memory limits This includes the value of the maximum limit of memory that the process can take.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Priority information When scheduling the processes (we will talk about this later), we are assigning a value that represents how valuable the process is. As the number get bigger except 0, the priority of the process gains up. So this is a value of type integer.

Accounting information This section holds the values for CPU time, real time, account numbers and process numbers that identify the process. Most of the pre-emptive algorithms need this as CPU time is an impotent resource.

Pointer to files and other IO resources Most of the processes need more resources than memory and CPU like disk to access files, keyboard for manual input etc… At the point that a new process created by a program, the process manager stores that processes PCB in the memory. And every time the process changes its state and the values process manager updates this information and restore it in the memory.

Threads When a program runs more than one process at a time we call it a multi threaded program. So as Galvin (2006) says in his book, a thread can be called as a process. And also most of the new programs are able to multi thread the single process.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Process Scheduling Today’s computers are multi programmed and the CPU is the main resource we have, to get the maximum of it, at any given time there must be a process running in the CPU. To fulfill this need, there are some algorithms to schedule the processes. And this task is done by a special kernel program called Process Scheduler. As Solaris considered as one of the most advances operating systems in the world, it also using the best ways to schedule the processes using many run levels. Galvin (2006) in his book well describes, to get the maximum utilization of the CPU at the same time doing the job that needed by the process the scheduler uses many queues. The main queues it uses are; Ready queue Job queue Device queues Except those 3 types there are some other queues that are not considered in this level. Job queue This queue includes all the available processes in the system. It’s just a list and not dedicated to a particular task. Ready queue Remember the process state diagram. This queue is the queue that contains the information about processes that is in “Ready” state. Device queue When a process requested to access a device, then the process is sent to a separate queue, with is the queue that belongs to the device. As there are so many physical and logical devices there are so many device queues.

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Open Solaris Operating System

CPU Scheduling There are 2 main ways to schedule this processes. 1. Pre-emptive 2. None pre-emptive Pre-emptive In this method processes are interrupted before it is completed. It means if the given time or an IO request happened, process scheduler terminate the program and start the next process. Then the previous process is sent to device queue or ready queue. None pre-emptive In this method processes are executed until it request for an IO or terminates it self. If it was terminated for IO then it is sent to a device queue.

Scheduling Algorithms As Galvin (2006) describe in his book, there are 3 none pre-emptive process scheduling algorithms and 3 pre-emptive algorithms. They are; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

First Come First Serve Shortest Job First Priority Scheduling Round Robin Multi Level Queue Multi Level Feed-back Queue

First Come First Serve This is the simplest way to manage processes. In this algorithm ready queue are as same as job queue. So all the processes in the queue have same opportunity to get the CPU. But unfortunately the job that must be done by the process scheduler, the goal of the scheduler is not happening here. It is not utilize the CPU to its maximum. Shortest Job First By using this algorithm, the total waiting time can be minimized. But if a more important process is there but it takes more time, it has to wait until the shortest jobs are done.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Priority Scheduling In this algorithm, at the new state of the process, it is assigned a value that represents its priority. When arranging the ready queue from job queue, it arrange as 0, ∞ to 1. Round Robin This is the most fair and widely used algorithm to manage processes. In here a single process has been given a particular time and after that time it pre-empted and the next process in the ready queue has been given the CPU. Multi Level Queue This is a combination all previous scheduling algorithms.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Memory Management Overview Memory Management is one of a main function that’s done by the kernel. As Memory is a quit valuable resource, to get the maximum use of it, a good management of the memory is a must. Why because as computer systems became more and more complicated, the number of processes that used by the system are get increased. Then the memory became more limited for a particular task. If the system is able to manage the memory to get the maximum use of it, then it will be able to do more processes at a given time as well. To fulfill this need the system developed to a level that manages memory in a high level way. Older days and even today in some systems like embedded systems, they use overlays to manage the memory. But it is a primary method of managing the memory. As Solaris improved they switch to a modern memory management methodologies. When Solaris boot up, the kernel binary loads to the memory and some kernel modules are loaded by hotplug system.

Figure 8 - Physical memory usage of kernel, kernel modules and user applications.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Addressing Physical Memory Every register in the physical memory has an address. To read or write a value to that register when the program gives the logical memory address it is converted to the physical addresses and execute the command. So the computer program cannot understand physical addresses it is done by the memory management unit it self.

Shared Components To reduce the repetition loading of the same program, systems uses shared libraries. So those components may load only once to use hundreds of times.

Swapping Solaris uses a special partition as swap. When a memory block is not needed to a particular time period, the memory manager (in here swapper) copy that memory block to the swap partition and release the memory. And when the memory needed back, it copies the memory block back to the main memory.

Figure 9 - Relationship between SWAP partition and RAM

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Open Solaris Operating System

Deadlock Managment Overview In modern computers, there are so many processes running in a limited resourced environment. As one process many needs more than one resources at a time, there is a huge competition between those processes to get the resources.

Figure 10 - How do a deadlock occur

In this example process 1 has taken tape drive and without releasing it, the process request to access scanner. But the scanner has been taken by process 2. Now the problem is that, without releasing the scanner process 2 requests for tape drive and keyboard. At the same time process two has taken the keyboard and without releasing it the process requests for tape drive. So none of those three processes can fulfill there resources requirements. A situation like this is called a deadlock.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Deadlock Handling To get rid from situations like this computer system uses 3 methods. They are; 1. Running a service using some protocols that prevents the ability to get a deadlock. 2. Let the deadlock happen and then clean then mess. 3. Ignore deadlocks as they never occur. Most operating systems are using the 3rd method to handle the deadlocks, but in Open Solaris there are some methods to get rid from a deadlock. When a deadlock occurs, it terminates the process with the low priority. And the processes that cannot be terminated because it courses other processes and services, are isolated without giving resources and let it be there as running. So it is called freeze process. At this point user has to exit from the system to use the same program that uses the freeze process.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Installation and Configuration Before Installation Before Installing Open Solaris OS to the System. Review the System Requirements and Limitations described in the open Solaris documentation .this will help users to avoid errors and loss of data.

Figure 11 - Open Solaris Media

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Open Solaris Operating System

System Requirements Open Solaris OS Needs Following Minimum System Requiments to run Smoothly .More System Recoures will help Open Solaris to do tasks fast and more Effiently.

Requirement

Description

Memory

512 MB minimum (This minimum has not been tested extensively yet.) Recommended size is at least 10 GB.

Disk space Multiboot capability

If User installing OpenSolaris on a system that will have more than one OS, use the fdisk command or a third-party partitioning tool to create a new partition or to make adjustments to preexisting partitions Table 1 – System Requirements

Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2008 ). System Requirements. Available: http://opensolaris.org/os/project. Last accessed 30 Dec 2008.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Installation Steps The Installation of Open Solaris OS can done in few Simple Steps. Novice Users can Select Graphical User Installation and Expert Users and Select Command line Installation Graphical User Installation will take the user step by step like a wizard, collecting data which need for the installation. Basic Steps •

Boot the Live CD

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Load the Setup

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Partition the disk

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Setup Time Zone

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Setup Language Settings

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Setup User Settings

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Finalize the Installation

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Open Solaris Operating System

Booting the Live CD The LiveCD enables you to try the OS before installation. Insert the Open Solaris Live CD the Optical Drive and Boot the System. The boot loader GNU GRUB menu will load. This Small software is Responsible for loading and Transferring. Grand Unified Bootloader, (GNU GRUB) is Used in most Linux based Operating systems for providing a user a multi-boot Environment with more than one Operating system.

Figure 12 – GNU GRUB menu

Select you Option from the GNU GRUB menu .Expert Users can select Open Solaris Text Console to boot Open Solaris with Text Commands.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Figure 13 – Language Selection

User can Select over more than 41 languages in Open Solaris. Languages supported by Open Solaris. Primary languages are: Chinese – Simplified, Chinese – Traditional, English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese – Brazil, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish Full language Support: All Primary Languages, Albanian, Arabic, Bulgarian, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Icelandic, Lithuanian, Latvian, Macedonian, Maltese, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Thai, Turkish

Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2008 ). System Requirements. Available: http://opensolaris.org/os/project. Last accessed 30 Dec 2008.

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Open Solaris Operating System

When the Live Image is Loaded to the System. The Open Solaris Desktop will Appear .In the desktop Click on the “Install Open Solaris” Icon to Load the Installion Setup.

Figure 14 – Open Solaris Installation Icon

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Open Solaris Operating System

Partitioning the disk Disk Partitioning is an important step in Operating system Intallation.Partitioning software will create Serpate divisions in Hard disk Drive to store data efficiently.

Figure 15 – Disk Partitioning Window

In Open Solaris Partitioning Setup ,users can either partition the disk or use the whole disk for Open Solaris Installtion.Open Solaris OS Useses a File System Named ZFS to Store Data.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Time zone, date, and time settings.

Figure 16 – Time Zone Settings Window

User Can Select Time Zone,Date,Time Settings .

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Open Solaris Operating System

Language and locale Settings

Figure 17 – Language Settings Window

This Step Allows User to Select the Locale for Set the Default Language support and data formats.

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Open Solaris Operating System

User settings In This Step user Can Enter Login Details to the Open Solaris Operating System. Root (System Administrator) Password. User Account Name and Password, Computer Name and etc.

Figure 18 – User Settings window

User can define any name for the Computer that he installs Open Solaris OS.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Confirm installation specifications

Figure 19 – Confirm installation Window

As the Last Step User can review the Installation settings.Hit the Install Buttton to install open solaris.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Installation Process When User Confirm the Inserted data Installation will begin .Open Solaris Installation Program will prepare the Hard Disk Drive and will Copy the Open Solaris System Files to the Hard Disk Drive. This may take about an Hour to Complete the Process.

Figure 20 – Installation Process

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Open Solaris Operating System

After the Installation Wait for the installation process to finish and Computer will Restart Automatically The system will restart and you’ll see the Open Solaris Booting Screen.

Figure 21 – Open Solaris Boot Screen

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Open Solaris Operating System

User Interface Introduction to GUI Graphical User Interface needs applications to interact with users. It can create a medium for people to interact with applications to make available attractive user interfaces. Open Solaris has a Very Beautiful Graphical User Interface based on GNOME Desktop System.

Figure 22 – GNOME Desktop

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Open Solaris Operating System

Introduction GNOME The GNOME Platform features, user interface controls to an API for drawing highquality graphics to the screen. And graphics technology in GNOME helps you to create constant, instinctive and aesthetically satisfying applications. GNOME is………….. Free GNOME is free software which is devoted to giving developers and users the maximum level of their desktops, software and data. Usable Usability is about creating software which is easy for everyone to use. Accessible GNOME is desktop for any Unix platform. International GNOME is urban, old and documented in many languages. Developer-friendly Developers are using several languages with GNOME. Ex: C, Python, Perl etc. Organized GNOME strives to be an organized community. Supported GNOME is supported by the top companies like IBM, Sun, Red Hat etc. A community GNOME is a world wide community for people to generally have fun together. “The GNOME Desktop system based on GTK Tool Kit”

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Open Solaris Operating System

GTK GTK is a Widget Tool kit for Creating Graphical user interfaces. GTK is mainly crated by C programming Language. The GNOME Desktop system based on GTK Tool Kit.

Figure 23 – GTK Logo

Most of the Open Solaris applications based on GTK Environment. Some Common applications are follows: AbiWord Evolution Inkscape Vmware Player Ekiga GIMP

Word processor Mailer SVG Vector graphics editor Virtual Machine H.323/SIP VoIP softphone Raster HDR graphics editor

Table 2 –Some Solaris Applications

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Open Solaris Operating System

Features of GTK •

Stability GTK has been Developed for over 10 years and deliverd users facinating features and great perfromace.GTTK is supported by a Developers from Red Hat,Novell,Imendio

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Cross Platform GTK Runtime envorioment not only runs under Open Solaris is runs under Linux,Windows,Mac OS X .. etc

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Language Bindings GTK Sourse Code is Avalaible in Many Progarmming Languages which make application development attractive

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Mobile GNOME Mobile & Embedded has invold in mobile Application development

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Accommodating GTK Provide number of great features for developers today. Like “Look and feel,Theme Support,Thread safe,”

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Interfaces GTK+ has a comprehensive collection of core widgets which include: • • • • • •

Windows (normal window or dialog, about and assistant dialogs) Buttons and toggles (check buttons, radio buttons, toggle buttons and link buttons) Numerical (horizontal or vertical scales and spin buttons) and text data entry (with or without completion) Multi-line text editor Tree, list and icon grid viewer (with customizable renderers and model/view separation) Combo box (with or without an entry

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Open Solaris Operating System

Customizing User Interface Colors and Themes

Figure 24 - Appearace Preferences Window

Changing the Open Solaris Desktop Theme Theme settings are configured from the Appearance Preferences screen accessed from the System->Preferences->Appearance menu option. When the screen appears make sure the Themes tab is selected so that the dialog appears as follows.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Downloading and Installing a Theme Open Solaris is installed with numerous theme options; this represents a small division of themes that are available online. These themes could download through theme sub-category like Icons, Window Border etc. As an example in installing a new Window Border theme, on the right hand side of the GNOME Art website click on the Window Border link beneath Desktop Themes. This will filter the list of themes so that only Window Border themes are displayed. Scroll down the list and click on a theme that is not currently available on your Open Solaris installation (for this example we will use the “MegaGrip” theme). After downloading the theme the desktop icon will appears.

Creating a Custom Theme Package These themes are now used to create a new desktop theme or to customize an existing theme. In this example we will create a custom theme which includes our new Window Border design. Click on the Custom theme in the Appearance and on the Customize... button. In the resulting Customize Theme dialog select the Window Border tab so that the list of available window border themes appears.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Display Resolution

Figure 25 - Screen Resolution Prefences Window

1. Right-click on the desktop. A drop-down menu appears.

2. Select Screen Resolution The Screen Resolution dialog box appears. Specify the desired settings and click OK.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Working with Open Solaris Basic Applications There are some basic Programs comes with Open Solaris Operating system which help users to Manage and do their work easily .All these applications are Free to use as Open Source software.

Figure 26 - Mozilla Firefox and Pidign

Application Name Mozilla Firefox

Use of Application Browse internet

Publisher Mozilla Coperation

Mozilla Thunderbird

E-mail and RSS Client

Mozilla Coperation

Pidgin

Multi-Protocol Instant Messaging Office Suite

Pidgin Community

Open Office

Table 3 –Some Solaris Applications

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Sun Microsystems

Open Solaris Operating System

System Utilities There are some System Utilities come with Open Solaris which helps Users to keep the System well Maintained and the Check the System Status The System Utilities can be found at Applications > System Tools

Figure 27 - System Tools in Open Solaris

System Utility Device Driver Utility Disk Usage Analyzer

Use of Utility View the Status of Device Drivers and Problems View the Disk Status of Hard Disk Drives

System Log Viewer Performance Monitor New Login in a Window

View System Error Logs Monitor usage of CPU,Disk,Memory Login in to a New Session without Login off Table 4 –Some Solaris System Tools

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Open Solaris Operating System

Image Packaging system (IPS) IPS (Image Packing System) used by the Open Solaris Operating System to install tools for Crating Web applocations,drivers and GNOME applications to the system. IPS(Image Packaging system) Enables users to Install ,Remove, Manage Packages on users System and it also helps to Manage Boot Environments The OpenSolaris Image Packaging System provides necessary updates from a wide range of Sun and other repositories. Developers can distribute your application through your own package repository, so you reach new markets quickly and offer updates easily. Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2008). OpenSolaris Operating System. USA: Sun Microsystems, Inc.. 1-2.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Package Manager The Package Manager is the Graphical User Interface for the Image Packaging system (IPS) The Package Manager can be found at System > Administration > Package Manager.

Figure 28 - Opening Package Manager

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Open Solaris Operating System

Figure 29- Package Manager

The Package Manager Help users to    

Search and install Packages Uninstall a Package Add a Repository Manage Boot Environments

Network Repository The Package Manager can interacts with a network Repository Install new Packages to the system http://pkg.opensolaris.org is the default repository for Open Solaris

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Open Solaris Operating System

Secondary Storage Management Introduction Storage Capabilities in Open Solaris made Easy for Users from Simple File Sharing, file systems, data services, volume managers, storage services and many other features.

ZFS- Zettabyte File System ZFS is a File System Developed by Sun Microsystems for the Open Solaris OS.ZFS File System has Exiting new Features. ZFS File System will used in Mac OS X near future.

Figure 30 - ZFS File System Overview

ZFS is a new kind of file system that provides simple administration, transactional semantics, end-to-end data integrity, and immense scalability. ZFS is not an incremental improvement to existing technology; it is a fundamentally new approach to data management. We've blown away 20 years of obsolete assumptions, eliminated complexity at the source, and created a storage system that's actually a pleasure to use. Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2008). ZFS. Available: http://opensolaris.org/os/community/zfs/. Last accessed 31 Dec 2008

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Open Solaris Operating System

ZFS Features •

Pooled Storage Model

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Always consistent on disk

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Protection from data corruption

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Live data scrubbing

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Instantaneous snapshots and clones

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Fast native backup and restore

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Highly scalable

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Built in compression

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Simplified administration model

Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2008). ZFS. Available: http://opensolaris.org/os/community/zfs/. Last accessed 31 Dec 2008.

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Open Solaris Operating System

ZFS Benchmarks This graph shows write performance of a 512Mb file.

Figure 31 - Write Performance of a 512Mb file

As the above Graph you can see that ZFS File system has a quite high file Write performance.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Comparison between ZFS and LVM LVM( logical volume manager) Used in Other Operating system which is based on Linux Kernel.As This Chart We Can Imagine the ZFS File System has more features than other Ordinary Linux File systems.

Figure 32 - Comparison between ZFS and LVM

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Open Solaris Operating System

Networking Overview The Open Solaris Operating System has well configured Networking system which helps users to have a great networking Experience In the new release of Open Solaris there is an option called Network-Auto-Magic (NWAM) which automatically connection to users available networks when the system starts.

Figure 33 - Toster Message about Network

When your system is connected to a wireless network, the following NWAM Manager Status Icon for the wireless connection is displayed in the upper right corner of your desktop.

Figure 34 - "Network Connected " Icon

If the system starts without network media connected to the wired interface port, NWAM disables the wired interface. Then, NWAM searches for wireless, or WiFi, networks in the system's current physical location. If a wireless network is found, NWAM attempts to connect to that network through the system's wireless interface, for example, ath or iwk. When a wireless interface becomes active, you receive a message similar to the following. Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2008). Automatic Network Configuration. Available: http://wikis.sun.com. Last accessed 28 Dec 2008.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Network Settings

Figure 35 - Network Settings Window

Supported Network types • • • • • • •

Dialup Connections DSL Broadband Satellite Broadband Wireless Broadband(WiFi) Wireless Broadband (WiMAX) Symmetric Broadband Local Area Networks

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Open Solaris Operating System

Networking Features •

Enhanced TCP/IP, UDP/IP, SSL, and packet forwarding performance — highly efficient, optimized stack greatly enhances network throughput while reducing the load on the CPU

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Leverages CoolThreads™ technology for increased throughput and optimal performance with Sun’s multithreaded 10-Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) network devices

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Network virtualization through IP instances enables a discrete network stack for each virtualized OS instance

•

IPv6 — next-generation protocol provides increased address space, end-toend security, and autoconfiguration features

•

IP Multipathing — high availability of net-work connectivity and services through end-to-end redundancy

•

Support for Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), Multicast Listener Discovery (MLDv2), Open Shortest Path First (OSPFv2), and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP-4)

Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2007). Solaris™ 10 OS Networking. USA: Sun Microsystems, Inc.. 2.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Testing a Modem Connection A simple way to test your modem is to send it some simple commands using terminal emulator: # tip /dev/term/0 connected atz OK ati Manufacturer: NOVATEL WIRELESS INCORPORATED Model: CDMA MERLIN V620 Revision: M6500C-BBIRD-40304.135 [MAR 11 2005 14:00:00] ESN: 0x5B123456 +GCAP: +CIS707-A, CIS-856, +MS, +ES, +DS, +FCLASS OK at+csq 99, 99 OK atdt#777 CONNECT

Characters in bold font are user input, the rest is modem output. at+csq shows signal strength on this particular modem. Dialing #777 usually gets you on the service provider's network - if the modem returns "NO CARRIER", it could mean weak signal or refused connection from the network.

Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2008). Automatic Network Configuration. Available: http://wikis.sun.com. Last accessed 28 Dec 2008.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Recovery and Security Strategies Data Backup and Recovery With out any hesitations Open Solaris can easily Recover Users data. there are lot of 3rd party software’s which runs under Open Solaris OS. Some Features of Open Solaris Data Recovery Software’s: •

Recover lost data from corrupt super block

•

File recovery after damage in Inode structures

•

Provides Unix data recovery after partition table errors and cases of deleted, damage, re partitioned or missing partitions

•

Volume recovery after corruption in Volume Table of Contents (VTOC)

•

File and Folder recovery after damages in Block Group Descriptor

•

Solaris Data Recovery Software provides recovery after errors in Cylinder group

•

Restore data after OLT table is damaged

•

Data loss after FSCK is not able to repair system data structures.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Security Strategies Secure Passwords Open Solaris Needs more Secure passwords with mixed or Capital Letters and simple letters. Password Length should be more than 8 characters. Example : mY sOn gAyAn iS 3e YeaRs oLd

Figure 36 - Open Solaris Login Window

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Open Solaris Operating System

Antivirus and Malware Protection There are few antivirus products which runs under open Solaris. Example : Symantec, Trendmicro. Clam Antivirus is a one of Open Source antivirus software that can be runs under Open Solaris.

Figure 37 - ClamAV Logo

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Open Solaris Operating System

D Trace This is a new facility for Solaris10, which was introduced to allow visibility into system performance. There has never been this ability before. It can be run on Solaris or Open Solaris.

Figure 38 - Overview of D Trace

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Open Solaris Operating System

Standard Support Introduction Open Solaris OS offers numerous ways to support the users. Solaris Help System offers number of ways to find answers user’s questions.

Integrated Help System The Open Solaris Help System is based on GNOME Yelp Help Browser which will be described later. FAQ System Open Solaris FAQ can be found at http://opensolaris.org/os/about/faq/, which users can take help for common problems Web Based Support Open Solaris OS Have 2 Web Sites to Support Users: Basic Product Features http://www.opensolaris.com Technical and Advanced Users http://www.opensolaris.org Online Community https://forums.opensolaris.com

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Open Solaris Operating System

Open Solaris Help System

Figure 39 - Yelp Help Browser

The Yelp Help Browser application helps to view records about GNOME and other apparatus through several formats, include HTML help pages, doc book files, man pages and info pages. This browser is an international browser. And it has upheld to view documents in many languages and these documents must be limited to a small area or translated for every language and installed properly. So then the Yelp Help Browser can be view them.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Open Solaris Online Community The Open Solaris Community is Online Based Community Which Users can take Help from Solaris Technical Experts at Sun Microsystems.

Figure 40 - Open Solaris Online Community

https://forums.opensolaris.com

Figure 41 - Open Solaris Techo Experts

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Open Solaris Operating System

Appendix

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Open Solaris Operating System

Reference Peter Baer Galvin (2006). Operating System Principles. 7th ed. India: John Wiley & Sons. P39 - 392 Sun Microsystems Inc... (2008). Company Profile. Available: http://www.sun.com/aboutsun/company/index.jsp. Last accessed 30 Dec 2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2008). ZFS. Available: http://opensolaris.org/os/community/zfs/. Last accessed 31 Dec 2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2008). Open Solaris Operating System. USA: Sun Microsystems, Inc.. 1-2.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Minutes of meeting Date: 29th November 2008 Venue: APIIT Sri Lanka, Colombo. Meeting Number: 1 Members attended: Name of the member Samith Sadanayake

CB Number (CB003217)

Attendance Present

Sudantha Sulochana

(CB003198)

Present

Tilani Nisansala

(CB003240)

Present

Thilini Dilhari

(CB002386)

Present

Minutes: Study Area 1. Introduction of the members.

Description We discussed our IT skills and got to know each other

2. Read Case Study.

We read the case study thoroughly noting down important points

3. Go through the Case Study.

We all discussed preliminary points of the given scenario.

4. Future Proceedings.

Here we discuss our future proceedings and made our time schedule.

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Open Solaris Operating System

Date: 1th December 2008 Venue: APIIT Sri Lanka, Colombo. Meeting Number: 2 Members attended: Name of the member Samith Sadanayake

CB Number (CB003217)

Attendance Present

Sudantha Sulochana

(CB003198)

Present

Tilani Nisansala

(CB003240)

Present

Thilini Dilhari

(CB002386)

Present

Minutes: Study Area Installation of Open Solaris Decide The Work Load Matrix Presentation

Description We Discussed about the installation and Details We Decided the Work Load Matrix of The Member Groups Made some slides which will aid for the presentation of Open Solaris.

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