Computzing The Bus Tranporation In Sri-lanka

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Abstract National Transport Commission (NTC) is the government organization which handles interprovincial bus transportation. The main tasks of this organization are Registrations of buses and related employees, Schedule bus routes, Providing and creating bus fares. The Objective of this project is to design and develop a computerized system for the national transportation commission. This is the design document for the proposed computerized System for the “National Transportation Commission”. The Project Description, Problem Analysis, Project Requirements, Solution and Solution Design, Flesibility report areexplained within the documentation. This document explains how the project requirements are met with the designed solution.

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Acknowledgment This was a great opportunity for all of us to put into practice what we learnt during our last two semesters while being the undergraduates of APIIT-Sri-Lanka. We Gained experience on how to apply our knowledge for the development of industrial companies, how to overcome the challenges, how to work as a team in spirit according to a well managed plan. The way of dealing with the community. We would like to express out grateful thanks to all the people who helped us directly or indirectly. Especially we would like to thanks all the staff at the Central Bus Stand and the Officials at the National Transportation Commission who helped us on this project. First and Foremost we would our sincere gratitude to our lecturers Ms.Manesha Peries , Mr.Eranjan Padumadasa and Ms.Oshini Jayatunge for the great guidance in this project and who helped us to make this project a realistic . A Special thanks should go to all the other lectures who thought us the concepts on subjects which was helped us on this Software development project. Finally, we would like to thank each and every person who helped us in numerous ways to make this project a success.

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Table of Content

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INTRODUCTION

Introduction to the Project

Project Objectives Development of software requires all the skills from the members of the development team. Objectives are laid to make sure that all the group members have a clear understanding of the scenario for which the software system is being developed as the solution. ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT The objective of the project in hand is to create a system that uses software to automate a large part of the Inter City Bus Transportation System in Sri Lanka. The problem will have to be analyzed thoroughly and accurately, using various facts finding and documenting techniques to make sure that the design of the system can be carried out.

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CURRENT SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Company Information

Current System analysis

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT The current system which is largely a manual system involves a lot of paperwork at all the levels of the organization. The staff of the organization and the customers are unhappy with various aspects of the system with which they are directly involved when working with the system. The various problems caused by the inefficiency of the system results in an overall loss to the business and dissatisfaction to the rest of the users. As the main transportation system in Sri Lanka are buses and trains for inter city travelling, the members of our System Development team were well aware of several problems involved with Bus Travel. From the analysis of the current system, a list of several problems at each level was prepared.

Management Level The management level deals with coordinating all the actions within the business to make sure that the business gains Profit while providing a satisfying service to the customers. The following are some of the problems faced at this level: 

Modification of the Schedules can be time consuming and very expensive, since the manually prepared schedule has to be sent for printing and then be distributed to the concerned stations where the buses can be boarded by the passenger.



Since most of the activities are performed manually, they are time consuming. The archiving of several documents has given rise to a need for more storage space and thus more expense.



Changes in schedule cannot be conveyed to the customer soon enough to satisfy the customer.



The scheduling system being used, does not have features to provide important information such as the popular routes, popular times when the buses will be booked fast. This affects the ability of the organization to try and serve the customers better

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Staff Level Staff directly deal with the customers and require the correct information from the Management to provide a good service to the customers. The information being conveyed to the customers should also be timely. Some of the problems at this level are: 

Staff have the trouble of performing actions soon enough to satisfy the customers.



If a change in the schedule occurs, the change has to be informed to several customers well in advance. Such a change although rare, can be hard to notify as the customers to be notified has to be manually searched each record at a time.

Customer Level The management and the staff constantly try to improve the efficiency of the system to make sure that the customers benefit from the system. The customers may also face several problems with the use of the system which may cause annoyance to them. So problems faced by customers are: 

Required to contact the bus station by telephone to obtain information regarding the schedule details.



The seat can be obtained on a first come first served basis, depending on the people who reach the bus first after the purchase of tickets.



Customers may not be informed of any changes in schedule if they had not provided their contact details.

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The current system which is largely a manual system involves a lot of paperwork at all the levels of the organization. The staff of the organization and the customers are unhappy with various aspects of the system with which they are directly involved when working with the system. The various problems caused by the inefficiency of the system results in an overall loss to the business and dissatisfaction to the rest of the users. As the main transportation system in Sri Lanka are buses and trains for inter city travelling, the members of our System Development team were well aware of several problems involved with Bus Travel. From the analysis of the current system, a list of several problems at each level was prepared.

Management Level The management level deals with coordinating all the actions within the business to make sure that the business gains Profit while providing a satisfying service to the customers. The following are some of the problems faced at this level:

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Modification of the Schedules can be time consuming and very expensive, since the manually prepared schedule has to be sent for printing and then be distributed to the concerned stations where the buses can be boarded by the passenger.



Since most of the activities are performed manually, they are time consuming. The archiving of several documents has given rise to a need for more storage space and thus more expense.



Changes in schedule cannot be conveyed to the customer soon enough to satisfy the customer.



The scheduling system being used, does not have features to provide important information such as the popular routes, popular times when the buses will be booked fast. This affects the ability of the organization to try and serve the customers better

Staff Level Staff directly deal with the customers and require the correct information from the Management to provide a good service to the customers. The information being conveyed to the customers should also be timely. Some of the problems at this level are: 

Staff have the trouble of performing actions soon enough to satisfy the customers.



If a change in the schedule occurs, the change has to be informed to several customers well in advance. Such a change although rare, can be hard to notify as the customers to be notified has to be manually searched each record at a time.

Customer Level The management and the staff constantly try to improve the efficiency of the system to make sure that the customers benefit from the system. The customers may also face several problems with the use of the system which may cause annoyance to them. So problems faced by customers are: 

Required to contact the bus station by telephone to obtain information regarding the schedule details. ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT 

The seat can be obtained on a first come first served basis, depending on the people who reach the bus first after the purchase of tickets.



Customers may not be informed of any changes in schedule if they had not provided their contact details.

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Interview For the interview we went to the central bus stand and interviewed some peoples and the workers of it. Those interviews are very useful to us. We analyzed our problems according to this information. First we interviewed the time OIC of central bus stand. We asked him how they arrange buses in central bus stand and how does the exact process happen. First he told us how the day to day time table is created. We will get colombo-Kandy bus as a example. In every 15 minutes a normal bus turned out from the central bus stand. In every 20 minutes a A/C bus turned out from the central bus stand. Then he let us to refer time tables and log sheets. He told us if the passenger wants to book a ticket. Then he has to pay 20/= and after that he can book it. According to to this process the passenger can book any amount of tickets that passenger want. In the crowded days he said they put extra busses for most crowded and common routes. He told that they recording the buss’s leaving and returning time. They give next turn to the buses according to the return time. He said that every bus has log sheet and they must sign it from the time keeper when their arriving and depicturing After that we interviewed a bus conductor he told us that any length of the route is divided in to 12 sections for easiness of the making the price. With in this one section the ticket price is same. One section is roughly get as 1km-1.5km. after that he saw us a ticket machine and explained that how does it work. The ticket machine has a code number. With this particular code number bus owner can check the machine’s balance day to day balance. After that we went to the private bus office and interviewed Mr Ranasinhe Pranandu, Mr Darmawanshe, Mr Nihal Arunashantha. They are senior workers of the office. They told us that the timekeeper is the one who arrange the al works in the stand. Time table is unique for every bus.

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Also we had a interview with Mrs.Arloka karunarathne from national transportation commission who is the head of the scheduling department. We got a good knowledge in scheduling in real time

•

Select a Normal day in a month (Expect – Fridays , After Long weekends and Mondays ) like Tuesday and Thursday and doing a road survey in a specific location in a Bus route in a specific time slice (Example – Take a Hour and check the passenger status in the passing buses and rate them) 2.0  Passengers even traveling in the foot board 1.5

All Seats full 25% standing

1.0  All Seats are full 0.5

seats are also not full

Default value is 1.5 because its benefits for the both passengers and bus owners . •

Then insert this information and bus information and create the schedule.

•

Schedule is done for a Day and if there are overflow of buses one bus is kept as in to use in a emergency and other buses are send vacation (the vacation can’t exceed more that 4 days per month )

•

Modify the timetable manually because there will be more buses need in morning and afternoon time.

•

Send this timetable as trail per month and getting the feedback from the bus owners and passengers.

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Questionnaires

1.

Do you use Public transport?

2. Are you satisfied with the curr ent Service s Available?

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3. What are the problems you facing in the curr ent syste m?

4. In a New Pu bli c Trans po rt infr ast ruc ture what services would you like to have?

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6. Do you like new ticketing methods than the old one?

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Observations When we went to the central bus stand to get information’s for our project, we saw that some errors that should improve. One of them is there no proper place to stay the passengers until the buses come. So passengers are suffering from the sun shine and rain, dust. Next thing is there is no proper way to get the bus details for the passengers. Main way of collecting details is via the stand OIC of the central bus stand. But if he is not in his room, then the passengers have to stay until he comes. Other thing is there are no proper places to for time keepers of central bus stand. Beyond the stand OIC of the central bus stand, the time keepers help passengers to find their bus details. Time keepers are doing very responsible work of this manual system. Current system is a manual one. When using a manual system there is big percentage of be a mistake. If mistake happened in a manual system it can’t detect before the execution. When using a manual system the process may be slow than what we excepted. Then the money and time, resources are waste. The other thing is when using a manual system somebody who evolves the process can cheat. If somebody cheated it can’t detect. Those loose points have to be corrected by the relevant authority who are responsible for that.

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Similar System analysis Bus transportation system is one of the most popular means of transport in most parts of the world. Handling such a large transport network requires a lot of planning and right decisions to maintain the smooth flow of traffic. Several developed countries around the world have been able to provide a higher standard of transportation service to their population. Due to the large volume of travelers per day, bus transportation is very cheap compared to several other private and public means of transportation. One of the similar systems in other countries, which has not only been profitable but also efficient is, Singapore’s SMRT Buses Ltd. SMRT Buses Ltd. has been providing both railway and bus transportation in Singapore since the year 2000, operates on a computerized system. Several aspects of the system are computerized and manual work is kept to a very minimum. Customers have access to several features over the Internet. Some of the features identified in this system are: Feature Benefit to Business Benefit to Customer Online Ticket Purchase Less number of customers to Less time spent Bus

on

be served at the Bus Station purchasing tickets Information Cheaper and faster method for Easier and faster way of

available online

conveying

information

to obtaining

travel

customer Pre paid cards used Handling cash is not necessary

information Need not use Credit cards

for payments

or cash for payment for transactions

The above are only some of the features of the entire system. Based on one of the systems that have proved to be successful, a few ideas for improvements can be designed for the Sri Lankan intercity travel service. The following decisions were taken after taking the considering the above features: Online Ticket Purchase: An online ticket purchase system would be a very efficient feature as it allows users to purchase tickets from the comfort of their homes. The business also benefits from the lesser number of customers that have to be served ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 19

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT at the bus stands. But implementing this in a developing economy like Sri Lanka will not be ideal. This is because the computer usage and Internet awareness in Sri Lanka is very less. An important task such as ticket purchase cannot be implemented in a fully computerized method. Furthermore implementing this system would require that the users have access to a means for producing a hard copy for their Tickets in case of verification. This requires additional expense in the customers point for the purchase of required equipments such as printers, papers etc. According to the Sri Lankan government’s census, a small percentage of Sri Lankans have access to the internet. An essential aspect of the system as the purchase of a ticket will only reduce the number of customers if the system undergoes a major change. Availability of Information Online: Making information available online can help if it is for reference purpose only. This aspect of the system can be implemented to make it easier for use and for users to refer. The information in the internet can be viewed by the branch offices as well. A larger audience can be covered when the information is available over the internet. Pre Paid Card System: Pre paid system does not require users to carry cash all the time when purchasing tickets for a particular journey.

Screen design The user interface is one of the main features of the application as it gives the first impression about the application to the user. The user interface will also be the only way the user will be able to interact with the application to perform the tasks which have been computerized. In order to give a create a good impression to the user about the application, the user interface has to be designed in such a manner that the user will have a pleasant experience when changing from the older system and continue working with it. In order to create the user interface for this application, the title bars for each form will contain graphical elements so that the interface will resemble the title bars of the operating system for which this application is designed for (i.e. Windows Vista or Windows Seven). Buttons will also contain some graphics to enhance their look. ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Help for each data entry field will be available in the form of Tool Tips. Certain fields that are expected to have complicated procedures for data entry will have additional details regarding data entry in the tool tips.

Figure 1- ez Link Electronic card

Figure 2 - Card sensor at bus portal

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Feasibility Study Proposed Transportation System Sprint Systems

August 2009

I have carefully assessed the Feasibility Study for the Transportation system.

This document

has been completed in accordance with the requirements of Software Development Life Cycle

MANAGEMENT CERTIFICATION - Please check the appropriate statement.

______ The document is accepted.

______ The document is accepted pending the changes noted.

______ The document is not accepted.

We fully accept the changes as needed improvements and authorize initiation of work to proceed.

Based on our authority and judgment, the continued operation of this system is

authorized. _______________________________

_____________________

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT NAME

DATE

Project Leader

_______________________________ NAME

_____________________

DATE

Operations Division Director

_______________________________ NAME

_____________________

DATE

Program Area/Sponsor Representative

_______________________________ NAME

_____________________

DATE

Program Area/Sponsor Director

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Technical Feasibility Necessary Technology This section describes the practically of the proposed system in terms of technology. We think that proposed system will be feasible in terms of technical feasibility To develop this systems front end we will use Microsoft visual basic.net 2008 and for the back end database we proposed to use Microsoft SQL server 2005. And for the web based development we will use Microsoft ASP.net technology And for the graphic and User interface design we proposed to use vector design software adobe fireworks CS3 And for the packaging needs we will use Install shield software packing software. In terms of hardware to implement this system a basic standard computer with Microsoft windows XP or Microsoft windows Vista will be required For the implementation of the customer ticketing system it required a touch screen display with Microsoft windows 7. In networking aspects wireless internet access should be established with the bus stand area. In optional for time keeping we can implement mobile software for the timekeeper’s .this will require windows mobile smart phones or we can implement this section that work on a normal computer. In server requirement aspect we need to implement a Microsoft SQL server and a Web server with ASP.Net support. For the web system apache server or Microsoft IIS server can be implemented but we recommend using Microsoft IIS server because apache web server may contain difficulties in implementing ASP.net web sites .

Operational Feasibility

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We think that the proposed system in terms of solving current business problems and being more efficient and feasible. Customers can buy or book tickets from terminals. Current manual methods are not productive and passengers have to go through the hassle of current method. Now the ticketing and booking can be done in a single touch. Also in timetable creation offices have to use frustrating manual methods and spend long time. The proposed system would certainly cause a wide change to the current transportation system.

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Schedule Feasibility Because of the time is well managed there will be sufficient time for the project team to complete the system. As there will be NO out sourcing or sub contacting potions of the system .we believe that the proposed system can be developed without any delays or extensions.

Work Break down Structure Sushman Task / Member Work %

(CB00324

Sudantha

Neranjan

6)

(CB003198)

(CB003168)

Phase: Systems Planning ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

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Identifying the Problem

33.3

33.3

33.3

Feasibility Study

50

0

50

Preliminary Report

25

50

25

Interviews

33.3

33.3

33.3

Surveys

0

50

50

0

50

50

100

0

0

10

45

45

33.3

33.3

33.3

70

15

15

33.3

33.3

33.3

33.3

33.3

33.3

10

45

45

Table Design

25

25

50

Normalization

60

20

20

Hierarchy Diagram

33.3

33.3

33.3

Algorithm Design

50

25

25

Phase: Systems Analysis Fact Finding

Observation

of

business

activities Sampling Current System Modeling Identifying

Business

Processes Dataflow

Diagram

for

Current System Systems

Requirement

Document Phase: Systems Design Dataflow Diagram Data Dictionary Database Design Entity Diagram

Relationship

Interface Design ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

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Input Design

50

40

10

Phase: System Development Form Design Programming

–

Report Design

33.3 -

Phase: Testing Test Plan

33.3

33.3

33.3

System Testing

50

50

0

Interface Testing

25

25

50

Validations

25

25

50

Integration Testing

33.3

33.3

33.3

Installation

33

33

33

User Training

25

25

50

User Documentation

33

33

33

Technical Documentation

40

40

20

Help Files

25

25

50

Phase: Implementation

Phase: Documentation

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Grant Chart

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Economic Feasibility We think that the proposed system would be a good investment for the all sections who take part in the bus industry .we believe that implementing this system could bring out some financial benefits to the company

Tangible benefits We preserve that proposed system would be able to bring tangible benefits in terms of reduction of the increase in customer bookings and use of public transport because easy booking and ticketing system and lower cost on infrastructuredevelopment cost

.

In-tangible benefits In terms of in-tangiblebenefits morale of passengers, bus owners, bus conductors and government transport offices, due to lowering of stress in job .also this system will increase the customer good will in public transpiration due to efficient system.

Tangible Costs This proposed system may have several tangible costs which include equipment cost, training and Maintenance cost. Onetime costs will include system development and site networking costs In our final opinion implementing this system will be beneficial because benefits could be obtained outweigh the cost in long time run

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Costs Section

Description

Cost (LKR)

LCD Touch screen displays for ticketing

35000.00

LCD Widescreen displays

25000.00

Desktop PC

50000.00

Microsoft SQL Server Licensing

Free

Microsoft .net Framework

Free

Windows Licensing

10000.00

Analyzing cost

75000.00

Software Design

60000.00

Implementation

15000.00

Training

5000.00

Stationary Cost

1500.00

Traveling charges

500.00

Other

2000.00

Hardware Costs

Software Costs

Design Costs

Other Costs

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TANGIBLE BENEFITS WORKSHEET Proposed Public Transportation System 1 2 3

Cost Reduction Paper Waste reduction Other Waste Reduction

TOTAL tangible benefits

100000 25000 15000

RS

104000

ONE-TIME COST WORKSHEET Proposed Public Transportation System 1 2 3 4

Software Development Cost Hardware Cost Electrical Equipment Cost Software Cost

10000 600000 25000 75000

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5 6

Networking Cost Other

TOTAL One-time Cost

12500 5000

RS

727500

RECURRING COST WORKSHEET Proposed Public Transportation System 1 2 3 4 5

Software Maintenance Hardware Maintenance Networking Maintenance Software License Renewal Other

TOTAL recurring cost

5000 15000 2000 Free -

RS

22000

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Legal Feasibility We believe that there will be no legal problems due to implementation of the proposed system. in terms of software legal we proposed to use original Licensed software and operating systems in the implemented systems .also for the development we will use original software’s which we received from Microsoft MSDN Academic alliance program (MSDNAA) .

Social Feasibility Due to certain changes in public transpiration system .the passengers and bus owners will get a whole new approach .also there will be some changes in terms of jobs (Example – Present Bus Conductor will work as a ticket checker in the proposed system.) we hope that any parties will not meet any difficulties because there will be training session to the workers and passengers.

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Final Conclusion

Technical Feasibility



Operational Feasibility



Schedule Feasibility



Economic Feasibility



Legal Feasibility



Social feasibility



Proposed Transportation System Project is feasible and it is worthwhile to continue this project.

Methodology

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Figure 3 - Software Development Life Cycle SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE will be used as our methodology in the project.

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NEW SYSTEM DESGIN

Project Objectives Development of software requires all the skills from the members of the development team. Objectives are laid to make sure that all the group members have a clear understanding of the scenario for which the software system is being developed as the solution. The objective of the project in hand is to create a system that uses software to automate a large part of the Inter City Bus Transportation System in Sri Lanka. The problem will have to be analysed thoroughly and accurately, using various fact finding and documenting techniques to make sure that the design of the system can be carried out.

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Benefits of the proposed System Customers •

Providing Customer a rechargeable travel account and terminal based self ticketing system

•

Providing Information about Bus routes and Timetables to the passengers

•

Providing Reports to Customers.

Organization •

Proper Organization of Bus Details, Timetables and Time Keeping.

•

Keep Track on the Transaction Details

•

Provide Various Reports to the management

•

Reduce the overall management cost

Assumptions The following are some of the assumptions that were made to design a solution for the problem.

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT •

All passengers who travel using the Bus Service will willingly provide all necessary information required for the complete functionality of the system (including email address, contact numbers and address).

•

It has to be assumed that there are enough buses for all the journeys that are scheduled for all the schedules.

•

A bus and the driver will return in 3 days or less from the destination to which they have left for.

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Project Scope Functions

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Project Limitation 

Only consider about intercity travels form bus terminal and cannot issue tickets for the intermediate bus stops.



The Schedule time table is created per day and it will be continued to the upcoming two months and some parts of that schedule can’t be changed.



Assigning buses is not done in a circular way and it’s done in random. So it will be mot fare for some buses.



Fare for selected location is not calculated and its hardcoded with the location details.



Management staff and the timekeeper should be use the same software solution.



If customer buys multiple tickets all the ticket information will print in the same paper there will be no separate tickets



Cannot locate where the bus is.



Ones a booking is done it cannot be modified or canceled.

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Data Flow diagram Context Diagram

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Level 0

Data Dictionary ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

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Entities Name

Description

Input data

output data flow

flow Customer

Management

Time Keeper

Customer is the

Payment details,

person who going

Available

Destination, Time ,

to interact with

Schedule,

Required Schedule

these facilities Management is

Tickets

the thing that

Bus Details,

and Staff, Location

going to manage

Location

Details, Bus Details

all of these staffs Time Keeper is the

Details -

Selected Schedule,

Bus Details, Time

person who

Time

interact with the time and scheduling

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Process

Name Searching

Description Bus,

Staff and Location Details

This process is help to the user to

Input data

output data

flow

flow

Location

Bus Details,

Details

Location

about the bus

Process description BEGIN

Details

IF

Schedules

user want to see Bus Details THEN Show it ELSE user want to see Location Details THEN get it from the location file data storage AND Show it

Schedule Preparation

All the scheduling

Location

algorithms are

Details, Time

prepared in this

and staff

Bus Schedule

END BEGIN

IF

process

management sends Bus Details, Location Details, Time and staff THEN get it AND

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT gives it to Schedule files data storage

END Schedule Selection

This process is help to

Destination,

Available

the user to select his

Time,

Schedule

appropriate Schedule

Schedule

BEGIN

IF

Availability

the customer wants to see the Available Schedule THEN show it

Schedule Booking/Purchase

All the purchasing and

Available

Schedule

booking things are

Credit,

Availability,

happened in this

Required

Ticket

process

Schedule

END BEGIN

IF the customer wants to buy the tickets ELSEIF customer has sufficient credit in his account THEN issue it ELSE Ask him to recharge

Recording

Start

and Return Times

In this process records

Selected

Available

all Start and Return

Schedule,

Credit, Time

Times

Available

END BEGIN

IF

Credit, Time

bus has come THEN

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT record the time ELSE bus has returned THEN record he time

END

Account Recharging

Using this process

Payment

Payment

user can recharge his

Details

Details

BEGIN

account

IF customer recharge the account THEN update it and Give the details to the customer details storage device

Saving Details

All the required details

Bus Details

Bus Details,

are recorded in this

Location

process

Details

END BEGIN

IF Reserved bus details THEN Save it

END

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Data stores

Name

Description

Location File

Bus File

Schedule File

Input data

output data

flow

flow

Store all the detail

Location

Location

about the locations

Details

Details

Store all the detail

-

Bus Details

Data structure From where to where

Bus number, worker’s

about the bus and it’s

names, worker’s address,

workers

worker’s contact numbers

Store all the detail

Schedule

Schedule

Bus turns with its time,

about the Scheduling

Availability,

Availability

Route details

Credit status,

Time, Bus Schedule Customer Details

Store all the detail

Payment

Available

about the Customer

Details

Credit

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Data Flows

Name

Description

Source

Destination

Data structure

Bus Details

Get the bus

Management

Searching Bus,

Bus number, worker’s

details

external entity

Staff and Location

names, worker’s address,

Details Process

worker’s contact numbers, route number, router name From where to where

Location

Get the

Management

Searching Bus,

Details

Location

external entity

Staff and Location

Location

details Get the

Searching Bus,

Details Process Location file data

Details

Location

Staff and Location

storage

details Get the bus

Details Process Schedule

Management

Bus number, worker’s

details

Preparation

external entity

names, worker’s address,

Bus Details

Process Time and Staff

Get the time

From where to where

worker’s contact numbers,

Schedule

Management

Preparation

external entity

route number, router name Time of the next turn

Location

Get the

Process Schedule

Management

Details

Location

Preparation

external entity

details Get schedule

Process Schedule File

Schedule

details

data storage

Preparation

Get the time

Schedule

Process Customer

Time

that user

Selection Process

external entity

Available

entered Get the

Customer

Schedule

Time of the next turn, bus

Schedule

schedule

external entity

Selection Process

number

Schedule

details Get the

Schedule

Schedule File

Time of the next turn, bus

Availability

schedule

Selection Process

data storage

number

Required

details Enter what

Schedule

Customer

From where to where, time

Schedule

kind of

Booking/Purchase

external entity

schedule that

Process

Bus Schedule

Destination,

From where to where

Time of the next turn

time

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT user want Issue the

Customer

Schedule

tickets

external entity

Booking/Purchase

Schedule

Get the

Schedule File

Process Schedule

Time of the next turn, bus

Availability

schedule

data storage

Booking/Purchase

number

Available

details Give the

Schedule

Process Recording Start

Amount of credits

Credit

status of the

Booking/Purchase

and Return Times

Time

credits Enter the time

Process Recording Start

Process Timekeeper

time that bus has stared ,

that bus has

and Return Times

external entity

time that bus has returned

stared and

Process

Selected

returned Choose the

Recording Start

Timekeeper

Appropriate schedule

Schedule

correct

and Return Times

external entity

schedule Enter the time

Process Schedule File

Recording Start

Enter the time that bus has

that bus has

data storage

and Return Times

stared and returned

Ticket

Time

stared and

ticket

Process

returned Give the

Recording Start

Customer details

status of the

and Return Times

data storage

Payment

credits Give the

Process Account

Customer

Amount of payment, date,

Details

payment

Recharging

external entity

time

Payment

details Give the

Process Customer details

Account

Amount of payment, date,

Details

payment

data storage

Recharging

time

Location

details Get the

Location files data

Process Saving Details

From where to where

Details

Location

storage

Process

details Get the bus

Bus File data

Saving Details

Bus number, worker’s

details

storage

Process

names, worker’s address,

Available Credit

Bus Details

Amount of credits

worker’s contact numbers, Bus Details

Get the bus

Saving Details

Management

route number, router name Bus number, worker’s

details

Process

external entity

names, worker’s address, worker’s contact numbers, route number, router name

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Hierarchy chart

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Entity Relationship diagram

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Database Design Un normalized Form Location (Location ID, Description, Distance, Rate) Staff(Staff ID, Full Name, Position, Assigned Bus, Contact Details, Address, Password) Bus(Bus No., Engine Capacity, Engine Number, Tax Expiry Date, Type, Assigned Schedule) Customer(Customer ID, Name, Identification Number, Email Address, Contact Number, Address, Account Balance, Password) Schedule(Schedule Number, Source, Gate Number, Driver ID, Estimated Departure Date, Estimated Departure Time, Actual Departure Date, Actual Departure Time, Location ID, Estimated Arrival Date, Estimated Arrival Time, Actual Arrival Date, Actual Arrival Time) Schedule Booking(Booking ID, Schedule ID, Customer ID, Booking Time, Number of Seats, Fare per Seat)

First Normalized Form Location(Location ID, Description, Distance, Rate) Staff(Staff ID, Full Name, Position, Assigned Bus, Contact Details, Address, Password) Bus(Bus No., Engine Capacity, Engine Number, Tax Expiry Date, Type, Assigned Schedule) Customer(Customer ID, Name, Identification Number, Email Address, Contact Number, Address, Account Balance, Password) Schedule(Schedule Number, Source, Gate Number, Driver ID, Estimated Departure Date, Estimated Departure Time, Actual Departure Date, Actual Departure Time, Location ID, Estimated Arrival Date, Estimated Arrival Time, Actual Arrival Date, Actual Arrival Time) Schedule Booking(Booking ID, Schedule ID, Customer ID, Booking Time, Number of Seats, Fare per Seat) Repeating groups have been removed

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Second and Third Normalized Form Location(Location ID, Description, Distance, Rate)

Staff(Staff ID, Full Name, Position, Assigned Bus, Contact Details, Address, Password)

Bus(Bus No., Engine Capacity, Engine Number, Tax Expiry Date, Type, Assigned Schedule)

Customer(Customer ID, Name, Identification Number, Email Address, Contact Number, Address, Account Balance, Password)

Schedule(Schedule Number, Source, Gate Number, Driver ID, Estimated Departure Date, Estimated Departure Time, Actual Departure Date, Actual Departure Time, Location ID, Estimated Arrival Date, Estimated Arrival Time, Actual Arrival Date, Actual Arrival Time, Assigned Bus, Assigned Driver, Assigned Ticket Checker)

Schedule Booking (Booking ID, Schedule ID, Customer ID, Booking Time, Number of Seats, Fare per Seat)

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Table: Schedule Booking Field Name Type Booking ID (PK) TEXT

Length 10

Schedule ID

TEXT

10

Customer ID

TEXT

10

Booking Time

DATE/TIME

8

Number of Seats

TEXT

3

Fare per Seat

CURRANCY

3

Constraints 10 characters limited, required field 10 characters limited, required field 10 characters limited, required field 8 characters limited 3 characters limited 3 characters limited

Description Booking ID

Schedule ID

Customer ID

Booking Time No. Seats in a bus Price per seat

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Table: Customer Field Name Type

Length

Constraints

Customer ID

TEXT

10

Customer Id

Name

TEXT

20

Identification No.

TEXT

10

Email Address

TEXT

10

Contact No.

NUMBER

10

10 characters limited, required field 20 characters limited, required field 10 characters limited, required field 10 characters limited 10 characters limited

Address

MEMO

60

AccountBalance

CURRANCY

3

60characters limited 3 characters limited

Password

TEXT

10

Customer Address Available account balance Customer Password

10 characters limited, required field

Description

Customer name

Customer NIC

Customer email Customer Contact Number

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Table: Staff Field Name Staff ID(PK)

Type TEXT

Length 10

Full Name

TEXT

20

Position

TEXT

10

Contact Details

TEXT

10

Address

MEMO

60

Password

TEXT

10

Constraints 10 characters limited, required field 20 characters limited, 10 characters limited, required field 10 characters limited, 60characters limited, 10 characters limited, required field

Description Staff ID

Full name of Staff member Position of the staff member Staff contact details Staff Address Password of the Staff member

Table: Schedule Field Name Type Length Constraints Description Schedule TEXT 10 10 Schedule Number characters Number ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT limited, required field 10 characters limited, required field 10 characters limited 10 characters limited 8 characters limited

Source

TEXT

15

Gate Number

TEXT

10

Driver ID,

TEXT

10

Estimated Departure Date

DATE/TIME

8

Estimated Departure Time

DATE/TIME

8

8 characters limited

Actual Departure Date

DATE/TIME

8

8 characters limited

Actual Departure Time

DATE/TIME

8

8 characters limited

Location ID

TEXT

10

Estimated Arrival Date Estimated Arrival Time Actual Arrival Date Actual Arrival Time Assigned Bus

DATE/TIME

8

DATE/TIME

8

DATE/TIME

8

DATE/TIME

8

TEXT

10

Assigned Driver

TEXT

10

Assigned Ticket Checker

TEXT

10

10 characters limited 8 characters limited 8 characters limited 8 characters limited 8 characters limited 10 characters limited 10 characters limited 10 characters limited

Bus Source

Bus Gate Number Driver ID

Estimated Departure Date Estimated Departure Time Actual Departure Date Actual Departure Time Location ID

Estimated Arrival Date Estimated Arrival Time Actual Arrival Date Actual Arrival Time Assigned Bus

Assigned Driver Assigned Ticket Checker

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Table: Schedule Booking Field Name Type Booking ID TEXT

Length 10

Schedule ID

TEXT

10

Customer ID

TEXT

10

Booking Time

DATE/TIME

8

Number of Seats

TEXT

10

Fare per Seat

CURRANCY

3

Constraints 10 characters limited, required field 10 characters limited, required field 10 characters limited, required field 8 characters limited 10 characters limited 3characters limited

Description Booking ID

Schedule ID

Customer ID

Booking ID Number of seats in the bus Fare per seat

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Table: Location Field Name Type Location ID, TEXT

Length 10

Description

MEMO

25

Distance

TEXT

5

Rate

CURRANCY

3

Constraints 10 characters limited, required field 20 characters limited, 4 characters limited, 3 characters limited, required field

Description Location ID Location Description Location Distance

Location Rate

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Algorithms and Pseudo codes

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Screen Design The user interface is one of the main features of the application as it gives the first impression about the application to the user. The user interface will also be the only way the user will be able to interact with the application to perform the tasks which have been computerized. In order to give a create a good impression to the user about the application, the user interface has to be designed in such a manner that the user will have a pleasant experience when changing from the older system and continue working with it. In order to create the user interface for this application, the title bars for each form will contain graphical elements so that the interface will resemble the title bars of the operating system for which this application is designed for (i.e. Windows Vista or Windows Seven). Buttons will also contain some graphics to enhance their look. Help for each data entry field will be available in the form of Tool Tips. Certain fields that are expected to have complicated procedures for data entry will have additional details regarding data entry in the tool tips.

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Form Name Form Title

frmBooking Schedule Booking

Image

Figure 2 Login Form (1)

Figure 3 Login Form (2)

Descriptio n

Provides security to the system by limiting the access to the system to only authorized users who have been assigned a password by the Management.

Features

Login Feature with Password Access Rights

Password Change

Auto Log Off

The user name and the password have to be provided to login to the system Controls the view of the main form according to the user’s access rights. The view in the main form decides the forms which can be opened by a particular user Any user who has can login to the system is allowed to change their password after they have logged on to the system. This option will change the view of the Even after the user logs in to the system, the form will be running in the background monitoring the activity status of the users. If the user remains inactive for several minutes the form will auto log off the user from the system to avoid unauthorised users from using the information system

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Form Name Form Title

frmBooking Schedule Booking

Descriptio n Features

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Form Name Form Title

frmBooking Schedule Booking

Image

Figure 1: Schedule Booking Form

Descriptio n

The schedule booking form will be used by cashiers at the organisation to perform tasks related to inquiry and booking of tickets for customers.

Features

Viewing Schedules Ticket Price Calculation

Ticket Receipt Printing

All the schedules available for a day can be viewed using this form. When the schedule for a particular destination is selected along with the required number of seats for the journey, the price for can be calculated. The receipt for a particular ticket can be generated and printed using this form.

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Form Name Form Title

Frmschedule details Schedule Details

Image

Descriptio n

This form will be used to input the bus schedule details to the system

Features Input details of schedules

Take the schedule details input and generates the time table for the routes.

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Form Name Form Title

Frmcusdetails Customer Details

Image

Descriptio n Features

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frmtime_keeping Time Keeping

Image

Descriptio n

Provides security to the system by limiting the access to the system to only authorized users who have been assigned a password by the Management.

Features

Login Feature with Password Access Rights

Password Change

Auto Log Off

The user name and the password have to be provided to login to the system Controls the view of the main form according to the user’s access rights. The view in the main form decides the forms which can be opened by a particular user Any user who has can login to the system is allowed to change their password after they have logged on to the system. This option will change the view of the Even after the user logs in to the system, the form will be running in the background monitoring the activity status of the users. If the user remains inactive for several minutes the form will auto log off the user from the system to avoid unauthorised users from using the

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT information system

Form Name Form Title

frmstaff Staff Details

Image

Descriptio n

This form will helps to input data from the about staff members

Features

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Form Name Form Title

frmLocation Location Form

Image

Figure 1: Location Form

Descriptio n

The location form will be used by the administration to enter the location information, distance and rate.

Features Add/Remove/Updat e Location information

Add/Remove/Update Location Information, distance and rate

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Form Name Form Title

frmcustemain Customer main menu

Image

Descriptio n

Form that displays at the customer terminal to customer to Buy tickets/Bookings, Recharge account and get account reports.

Features

Navigation

Navigate customer to buy tickets/Bookings, Recharge account and get account reports.

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Report Design We basically provide 6 reports in our system in our system.

•

Bus Schedule Report

•

Passenger Ticket

•

Passenger Account Report

•

Bus Schedule Timetable

•

Transaction Report

•

Bus Location report

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National Transportation Comisson Park Road,Colombo

Route Name: xxx xxxx

Route

No:

xxx Issued Date: DD/MM/YYYY

No xx Xx

Bus Number xxxx-xxx xxxx-xxx

Departure Time xxxxx xxxxx

Reserved Bus xxxxx Page x of x

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National Transportation Comisson Park Road,Colombo

Issued Date: DD/MM/YYYY

No xx Xx

Bus Number xxxx-xxx xxxx-xxx

Time : xxxx

Location

Due

xx xx

time xxx xxx xxx xxx

Leaving

Page x of x

National Transportation Comisson Park Road,Colombo

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Route Name: xxx xxxx

Route

No:

xxx Issued Date: DD/MM/YYYY

No xx Xx

Bus Number xxxx-xxx xxxx-xxx

No. Passengers xx xx

Time : xxxx

Income RS.xxx xxx RS.xxx xxx

TOTAL INCOME: RS.xxx xxxx Page x of x

National Transportation Comisson Park Road,Colombo

Route Name: xxx xxxx

Route

No:

xxx Issued Date: DD/MM/YYYY

Time : xxxx

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No

Bus Number

Due

xx Xx

xxxx-xxx xxxx-xxx

Time xx xx

Departure Departure

Late

Time xx xx

YES NO

Page x of x

National Transportation Comisson Park Road,Colombo

Route Name: xxx xxxx Issued Date: DD/MM/YYYY

Route 1 No

Bus Number

Departure Time

xx Xx

xxxx-xxx xxxx-xxx

xxxxx xxxxx

Route 2 ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

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xx

xxxx-xxx

xxxxx

Xx

xxxx-xxx

xxxxx

Page x of x

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References

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Conclusion

The Objective of the project was to analyze the current bus transportation system and come out with a computerized system. Many areas in bus passenger transportation will be provide First few weeks we research and analyze about the current transportation system by interviewing passengers, officers at Colombo Central bus stand and offices at national transportation commission. After that we came up with the proper logical design for the proposed system using Data flow diagrams, Data dictionaries. Also come with the proper database designs Comparing with the current manual system proposed computerized system will provide more efficient services to passengers and transportation authority.

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Appendix

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