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REVIEW 119 Bioshock

PREVIEW 126 Flight Simulator Debate 128 Manhurt - 2

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm 136 140 145 148 153 160 163 172 183

Premiere Tutorial

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jyKcsuf jzpfpOfrsm;t& aemif wGif upgrade vkyo f nht f cg vkdufavsmnDaxGjzpfaprnhf rm;om;bkwftjzpf a&G;cs,f 0,f,lMu&awmhrnf/ okdY

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13

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14

board formats rsm;udk

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rsKd; wyfqifrnfenf; qko d nfh tcsuyf if jzpfonf/ rm;om;bk w f \ socket type ESifh chipset wkdYonf wyfqifrnfh processor \ awmif; qkd csuf rsm; ESifh udkufnDMu&rnf jzpfonf/ tu,fí tH0ifcGifus rjzpf chJvQif processor rS tvkyf vkyaf y;vdrrhf nf r[kwo f nhf tjyif ½kyfoabm ysufpD;csKdU ,G i f ; rI t xd &S d o G m ;Ek d i f y g onf/ odYkygí CPU wpfcu k kd rm;om;bkwfwpfckrS tjcm; wpfckokdY ajymif;a&TU wyfqif onfjzpfap? CPU topfwpf ckudk 0,f,lwyfqif,lvkd onhf tcgwGif jzpfap txl; *½kpkdufMu&ayvdrfhrnf/ Processor onf AMD okdYr[kwf Intel [l onhftcsufupí a&G;cs,f &rnf jzpf o nf / AMD twGuf jzpfonf odkYr[kwf Intel twGufjzpfonf qkd onhf cGJjcm;rIrsKd;jzifh xkwf vkyf a&mif;csMujcif;aMumifh rudkufnDvQif tvkyf rvkyf Ekdifygay/ aemufwpfqifh taejzifh processor twGuf rnfonfh socket type rsKd; twGuf[lí owfrSwfxm; sor

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csuf r sm; &S d a eygonf / Socket T [k trsm; odxm; onhf LGA 775 qkdygu avmavmq,f Intel processors rsm;twGuf standard jzpfouhJodkY AMD \ aemufqHk;xkwf CPU rsm; onf Socket AM2 twGuf 'DZkdif; vkyfxm;onfudk awGU jrif M u&ygvd r f h r nf / upgrade vkyfEkdifrnhf tcGifh tvrf;twGuf avmavm q,f range tjrifhqHk;udk tqkdyg socket ESpfrsKd;vHk;u ay;xm;Muonf/ okdYaomf vnf; rnfrQMumMumtxd xkdokdY taetxm;rsKd; quf vuf&SdaeOD;rnf[k rajymqkd Ek d i f a om tajctaersm; &S d M uonf / wpf e nf ; qk d & aomf avmavmq,fumv twGif; wnf&Sdaeao;aom tcGifhtvrf;[kom rSwf,l Ekdifygvdrfhrnf/ Upgrading vkyfjcif; ESifh ywfoufí tav;xm; owd j yK&rnf h tcsuf r S m AM2 socket rS vuf c H aqmif&GufEkdifrnfh processor a&G;cs,frIESifh Intel \ vufcHaqmif&Gufay;Ekdifrnhf taetxm;wkYd wlnrD I r&SMd u

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16

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core Core 2 Duo processor onf tqkdyg speeds

RAM udpö System

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Chipset udpö Bus speed udk pOf;pm;

RAM (Random Access Memory) &JU tultnDrsm;

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17

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18

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20

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21

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25

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o,f,lay;aeqJjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif tjrifq h ;kH txGuEf eI ;f 6.4 Bps udk ESpq f jzpfomG ;aponftxd xdxad &mufa&muf wdk;oGm;apygonf/ DDR2 rsKd;uGJrsm;taejzifh ½Iyf½Iyf axG;axG; jzpfaeapygonf/ taMumif; rS m semiconductor xk w f v k y f a &; vkyfief;rsm;twGuf pHcsdefpHnTef; owf rSwfay;aom tkyfpkjzpfonfh JEDEC onf tao;pdwaf zmfjycsuf specification rSm trsKd;rsKd; tuGJuGJtjym;jym; xkwjf yefxm;jcif;aMumifjh zpfonf/ Oyrm tm;jzifh tcsKUd aom high-performance memory rsm;onf w&m;0ifxkwfjyef xm;aom JEDEC rating xuf ausmfvGefaeaom taetxm;xd EIef; owfrSwfxm;cJhonf/ xdkodkYaom specs rsm;udk vdkufrD ap&ef uGefysLwmtoHk;jyKolrsm;onf BIOS twGi;f standard 1.8V xuf ydí k &aprnhf voltage udk wdk;ay;&ef vdktyf ygonf/ Voltage udk wd;k ay;ygu xGuf EIef;vnf; wkd;vmaponf/ DDR2 memory rsm;udk 0,f,o l nft h cg xkwf vkyo f rl sm;u1066 MHz tjrefEeI ;f txd &Ekdifygonf[k nTef;qdkavh&SdMuaomf vnf; wu,fwrf; toHk;jyKMuaom tcgwGif 667 MHz speed rsm;om

26

&aMumif; awGY&Sd&wwfonf/ ¤if;wdkY\ bandwidth udk ukd,fpm;jyKay;aom EIe;f xm;jzpfonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh DDR400 onf maximum bandwidth 3.2 GBps &Sdonf[k azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ 3200 MBps [kvnf; rSw, f El idk o f nf/ odkYtwGuf DDR-400 udk PC 3200 [lívnf; azmfjyMuwwfygao;onf/ PC Magazine Labs wGif awGYjrif &aom DDR2 onf 1.8 V jzifh800 speeds &onf[k azmfjyxm;cJhonf/ odYkaomf DDR2 - 1066 twGuf IEDEC standard wpfckzefwD;&ef vkyfief;wGif toHk;csEkdifonf/ Micron rS1.8 V jzifh DDR2 -1066 Chips udk xkwv f yk af ejyD [kawmh aMunmxm;csuf &Sad eygonf/ Memory xkwv f yk o f rl sm;taejzifh standard voltages ESifh speeds rsm; wGif rSerf eS u f efuef vnfywftoH;k csEidk f aprnfh memory rsm;udk taotcsm nTef;qdkxkwfvkyfMu&ef vdktyfygonf/

taMumif;rSm vlwidk ;f taejzifh rnfonfh motherboard ESihf wGz J uf&rnfukd rcefY rSef;EkdifMujcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/Motherboard wkdif; jrifhrm;aom clock rates ESifh voltage rsm;udk yHhydk;aqmif &Gufavh&Sdonf r[kwfay/ tajctae trsKd;rsKd; &SdaeEkdifygonf/ DDR3 [lonfh topfuav; DDR3 onf DDR2 xuf

xGuf tm;ydkaumif;pGm vTJajymif;ay;Ekdifonf/ yg0gtoHk;jyKrI enf;onf/ odkYaomf higher latencies rsm;twGuf wefzdk; MuD;vSonf/ (Essential memory spec wGif avhvmMunfhygu ydkí oabm aygufem;vnfEidk rf nfjzpfonf/ xdYktwl memory timing rsm;tay: em;vnf aprnfh shortcut rsm;udkvnf; em;vnf xm;oifhygao;onf/ DDR 3 \ txl;jyKvy k af qmifcsuf rSm clock cycle wpfckpDwGif quad-

Essential Memory Specs ,aeYacwf system memory rsm;udk tajccHtaetxm; oHk;rsKd;oHk;pm;jzifh jrifawGYMu&rnf/ wpfrsKd;pDwGif clock speeds trsKd;rsKd;yg&Sdaom taetxm; jzpfonf/ DDR 2 onf avmavmq,ftajctaewGif aps;EIef;t& ay:jyLvm tjzpfqHk;jzpfonf/ DDR 3 onf tvGefjrifhrm;aom throughput udk cHpm;cGifh &Sdaeaomfvnf; tjrifhqHk;aps;EIef;rsm; csdwfqGJxm;vsuf&Sdaeonf/ 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 DDR DDR2 DDR3 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 Rated clock speeds (MHZ) 100,133,166,200 100, 133,166,200 100,133,166,200 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 Effective clock speeds 200,266,333,400 400,533,667,800 800,1066,1333, 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 (MHz) 1600 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 Rated throughout(GBps) 16,21,27,32 32,42,53,64 64,85,107,128 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 Typical latencies 4,4,4,12 5,5,5,15 7,7,7,15 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 (CAS-RCD-RP-RAS cycles) 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 voltage 25 V 18 V 15V 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 Number of pins 184 240 240 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 Price range $99-$130 $ 75-5130 $ 450- $500 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb kd mv? 2007 ckEpS f

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yifjzpfonf/ wu,fwrf; xda&mufap onfh efficiency rSm avsmhenf;aernf jzpfaomfvnf; DDR2 ESifh EdIif;pmvQif tvHk;pHk throughput xGuftm; ydkjrifhpGm &Sdonfudk jrifawGYMu&onf/ Voltage edrehf rd u hf kd jyoxm;jcif;onf yg0goH;k pGrJ I enf;yg;aMumif; jyoaejcif; jzpfonf/ xdktcsufonf mobile system rsm; twGuf tvGefta&;MuD;vSonf/ þae&mwGif DDR memory rsm; udk wyfqif&mwGif DDR 2 ESihf DDR 3 wdkY rSm;,Gif;wyfqifrdu rnfodkY&Sdrnf enf;[k awG;awmylyefaumif; ylyefrd Muygvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf rSm;,Gif;wyf qifrdp&mtaMumif; r&Sdacs/ taMumif; rSm memory modules rsm;wGif notches [laom atmufajc&Sd uD;tcsKdifh av;rsm;udk cGJjcm;zefwD;ay;xm;jcif; aMumifh jzpfonf/ notches wnf&Sd&m ae&mcsif; rwlnDMuay/ tu,fí rdrdonf Intel P35 odkYr[kwf G33 chipsets rsm;yg&Sdonfh DDR3 twGuf toifhjzpfaeaom motherboards topfrsm;udk 0,f,l toHk;jyKrnfqdkygu DDR3 modules udkom wyfqiftoHk;jyK&rnfjzpfonf/ (P35tajcjyK motherboards qdkygu DDR 2 odkYr[kwf DDR 3 ESpfrsKd;vHk; twGuf tqifoifh yHhydk;ay;xm;wwf onf/) System topfwpfckudk 0,f,l toH;k jyK&mwGif txJwiG f DDR3 toH;k jyK xm;aMumif; azmfjyyg&SdvmcJhvQif rdrd taejzifh upgrade vkyfonfhtcgDDR 3 udo k m xnf, h &l ygvdrrhf nf/ DDR 3 supplier pm&if;rsm;udk jrifawGYvdkygu www. intel.com/ technology/ memory/ ddr/ valid/ ddr 3-drumresults.htm vdyp f mjzifh tifwmeufwiG f

Munhf½IEkdifygonf/ AMD onf Athlon 64 txd

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tumtuG,jf yKay;&ef uD;tjzpf xm;&Sad om notches ae&mrsm; tay: module onf DDR 2 module jzpfí atmuf module rSm DDR 3 jzpfonf/ edge connector wkdif;wGif key notches jyKvkyfxm;aom ae&m uGJjym;jcm;em;pGm&SdMuonf/ ESifhom wGJ,lEkdifygvdrfhrnf/ rMumrDxkwfvkyfrnfh Phenom processor twGufonfyif DDR 2 udkom toH;k jyKEkid o f nf/AMD ukrP Ü rD S DDR 2 twGuf ¤if;\CPUs rsm;\ memory controller csdwfqufrI tpDtpOfudk 2008 ckESpfa&mufrS jyKvkyf&ef vsmxm; ygonf/ DDR 2

aps;EIe;f rsm;usqif;aejcif; rsm;ESifh ywfouforQ tajccHoabmw&m;rsm; jcHKiHkrdjyD;aemuf aps;uGuftajctaersm; udk avhvmMunfh½IEkdifygonf/ odkYrSom rdrdukd,fwkdif 0,f,ltoHk;jyKonfhtcg rnfonfh modules udk tav;xm; 0,f,&l rnfukd o&d o dS mG ;Ekid rf nfjzpfonf/ ,aeY t csd e f t xd DDR 2 memory rsm;udk ta&mif;oGufaeonf[k qdkEkdif aomf v nf ; aps;EI e f ; taetxm;rS m csKdomvmjyD[k ajymqdkEkdifjcif; r&Sdao; ay/ DDR3 qdkyguvnf; aps;EIef;rSm DDR 2 wefz;kd xuf oH;k qcefY&adS eonf/ Memory technology

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oGufawmhrnf[k yDwdrsm;pGmjzifh arQmf vifhxm;cJhMuonf/ Vista \ tvdkt& GB yrmP memory rsm;udo k m awmif; qdkvmonf/ tenf;qHk; 1GB [k nTef; qdkxm;cJhojzifh 2 GB ESifhtxuf toHk; jyKvmzG , f & m&S d c J h o nf / od k Y twG u f memory 0,f t m;wuf v mouJ h o d k Y aps;EIef;vnf; usqif;rI&SdcJhygonf/ wpf c sd e f w nf ; rS m yif wu,f w rf ; vufawGYtaetxm;wGif Vista odkY ul;ajymif;rIEeI ;f xm; aES;auG;vsu&f jdS cif; aMumif h v nf ; aps;EI e f ; avsmh u sp&m taMumif; jzpfvm&jyefonf/ wpfenf; qdk&aomf 32 bit urÇmudk pGefYcGmí 64 bit urÇmodkY a&GUvsm;oGm;rIonf aES; auG ; aeojzif h D DR 2 rsm;vnf ; ta&mif;oGufqJ jzpfaeygao;onf/ rnfoYkdyifjzpfap ,ckEpS u f ek yf idk ;f avmuf wGif ,ckxuf aps;EIef;rsm; usqif;rI &SdvmEkdifygvdrfhrnf/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb kd mv? 2007 ckEpS f

rsuEf mS zH;k aqmif;yg;

toHk;vG,faom tcrJh utility memory tab udk ESyd v f u dk yf gu rdr\ d system memory ESihf ywfouforQukd

jrifawG&Y onf/

rdrd system ukd jyefvnfo;kH oyfjcif; Memory awmif;qdkrIaMumifh rdrd system twGuf memory udk upgrade vkyfawmhrnf[k ,lqcsuf&SdvmcJhygu yxrOD;pGm rdrd system wGif rnfonfh modules ud k toH k ; jyKxm;aMumif ; Munfh½Ippfaq;&rnfjzpfonf/ tcsdef,l vkyu f idk &f rnf/ Upgrade rvkyrf D backup vk y f i ef ; rsm; vk y f a qmif x m;&ef vdkonf/ rdrd system memory udk ppfaq; &eftwGuf CPU-Z uJhodkYaom tvG,f wul toH;k jyKEkid o f nfh utility udk toH;k csoifo h nf/ CPU -Z utility udk www. cpuid.org rS tcrJh &,lEkdifygonf/ CPU -Z udk zGifhMunfhonfhtcg windows av;\ xdyfykdif;wGif&Sd Memory tab udk ESdyf,lvkdufygu rdrd\ system

30

quf v uf p pf a q;j c if ; SPD tab udk ESyd v f u dk yf gu rdrd system memory twGuf ydík tao;pdwu f saom latency timing tyg t0if owif;tcsut f vufrsm; awGjY rifEidk o f nf/ System memory ESihf ywfoufí xdx Yk ufyjkd y;D tao;pdwu f sus odvydk gu SPD tab udk ESyd Mf unfEh idk yf gonf/ rated speeds ESihf latency timing rsm; tygt0if azmfjyay;ygvrd rhf nf/ memory taMumif; tvHk;pHkudk odcGifh&

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aiGaMu;ukefusrI oufomap&ef nTef;qdkay;&rnfqdkygu tu,fí rdrd onf 1GB yrmPESifhtxuf DDR SDRAM udk toHk;jyKaevQif xyfrH 0,f,l&ef rvdktyfygay/ taMumif;rSm DDR 2 rsm;onf Zefe0g&Dvupí vufcHEkdifaom aps;EIef;avmuftxd avsmh u svmaomaMumif h jzpf o nf / RDRAM wGif Intel 850 chipset toH;k jyKxm;aom Intel system a[mif; wpfcu k kd &So d t l wGuyf if memory ydx k nfh a&;twGuf 0,f,l&efudpöudk tao tcsm a&Smifz,fvdkMurnf/ RDRAM onf aps;vS y gonf / 512 MB modules wpfpHkpmtwGuf a':vm 500 cefYtxdusoifEh idk o f nf/odYktwGuf system topfwpfv;kH 0,f,v l u dk jf cif; uyif ydkrdkoifhawmfygvdrfhrnf/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb kd mv? 2007 ckEpS f

rsuEf mS zH;k aqmif;yg; "Premium" Memory vdt k yfygovm;/ ,ck t cg premium DDR2 memory twGuf aps;uGuf&Sdaeygao; onf/ rdrdwdkYtaejzifh value memory

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onf/ tao;pdwfudk A Shortcut to Understanding Memory Timings

]]acgif;pOfjzifh azmfjycsufwGif avhvm Munhf½I Ekdifygonf/ toHk;jyKolrsm;tv,fwGif 1100 MHz odkYr[kwf ¤if;xuf jrefEIef;jrifh aom memory rsm; &&Sda&;twGuf wGef;tm;ay;vdkolrsm;vnf; &Sdaumif; &SMd uygvdrrhf nf/ Overclocker jzpfygu voltages ykdjrifhaom tajctae&Sd&ef vnf; vdktyfygvdrfhrnf/ Memory settings tm;vHk;udk n§pfxkwfay;ap rnf/ BIOS setup wpfckESifh voltage regulators tyk d i f ; wd k Y yg&S d o nf / Motherboard taumif ; pm;wpf c k &Sdxm;&ef ta&;MuD;onf/ Oyrmtm; jzifh VGA force 650 i Ultra motherboard rsKd;udk qdkvdkonf/ tao;pdwf od & S d v k d y gu pcmag.com/ ultramotherboard wGif online rS 0ifa&muf avhvmEkdifygonf/ pGr;f aqmifa&wd;k yGm;vma&; taetxm; jyD;cJah omESpu f *&yfzpf chip xkwf vkyo f l nVidia ESihf memory xkwv f yk o f l Corsair wd k Y yl ; aygif ; í &Ek d i f o rQ memory features rsm; tm;vHk;udk access vkyf&ef ydkrdkvG,fuloGm;aprnf/ SPD Chip twGif; ae&mcsxm;rI uif;

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tavsmufpepfjzifh xm;&SdaomtcgwGif memory taejzifh vnfywfvy k af qmif ay;rnfh tajccH spec om SPD wGif yg&Sdonf/ EPP pGrf;aqmif&nf&Sdaom memory rsm; ,cktcg trsm;tjym; xkwfvkyfaeMujyDjzpfonf/ Information tjynfhtpHk xnfhoGif;yg&Sdxm; onf/ Oyrm module wpfckonf 2.0 volts wGif CAS 3-4-4-12 ESifh 200 MHz clock jzifah omfvnf;aumif;? 2.2 volts wGif CAS 5-6-6-18 ESifh 300 MHz clock jzif h a omf v nf ; aumif ; vnfywfEkdifonf[k azmfnTef;xm;rIrsKd; udk qdkvdkygonf/ xHk;pHt& taumif;qHk; settings &&Sda&;twGuf jyifvkduf? nd§vdkuf? prf; Munfhvkdufjzifh toHk;jyK&rnfjzpfonf/ Low latency u high speed vm; prf;Munfh&rnfh tajctaejzpfonf/

Vista txd speed wifjcif; kingston DDR2-800 modules rsm;onf over clocking udk &Ekdifrnf r[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif Vista twGufrl tqifajyajy toHk;csEkdifao;onf/ 2GB twGuf a':vm 110 rS 130 txd ukefusEdkifonf/ 1 GB modules ESpfckwGJyHkpHjzifh &Ekdifonf/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb kd mv? 2007 ckEpS f

31

rsuEf mS zH;k aqmif;yg; EPP memory ESifh system BIOS wdkY yg0ifapjyD; setting tm;vHk; pGrf;aqmif ay;Ekid rf nfh full profile udk a&G;cs,Ef idk ½f kH

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rsm; yg&Sdaewwf onf/ taumif;qHk; toHk;csEdkifrnfh taetxm;udk taotcsm a&G;cs,f,l oifhonf/ tu,fíom rdrd memory udk &orQ xkwfn§pftoHk;cs&ef tMuH&Sd ygu BIOS yHhydk;rI&Sdaeaom motherboards &SdaeorQ EPP memory udk toHk;csjcif;jzifh xkdufxkdufwefwef jzpfoGm;apEdkifygonf/ built-in settings

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32

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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb kd mv? 2007 ckEpS f

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[Ref: PC Magazine August 21]

35

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40

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb dk mv? 2007 ckEpS f

topf worm vdkY odxm;wJh trsKd ; tpm;wpf c k u d k pjyD ; ppfaq;w,f/ (worm - olU bmomyGm;jyD; tvdt k avsmuf network xJ jzwfoef;ysUH ESYHwhJ code oauFw)/ 'gayr,fh ,if;udk avhvmzdkY vHkjcHKwJh ae&m r&Sdbl;/ Network wpfckuae tquftoG,f jzwf a wmuf x m;wJ h puf wpfcrk mS avhvmjyD; cJpG w d Ef ikd f wJh uGefysLwm Adkif;&yfpfvdk r[kwfbJ vTihfxkwfwJh malware [m ul;pufcv H u kd &f wJh zkef;udk zGihfvdkufwmeJYyJ ysHUEHSY oGm;Edkifw,f/ wcsKdUawGrSm qdk&if ork'´&mawGudk ckefysH ausmfvTm;wmawmif vkyf Edkifw,f/ 'geJY uRefawmfwdkY[m uRefawmfwdkY½Hk; taqmuf ttHk ajratmufxyfu AHk;cdk usif;qD Cabir xdxm;wJh qJvfzkef; av;vHk;udk,ljyD; olwdkYudk rzGihfcifrSm bmrS rodwJh 0efxrf;wpfa,muf 0ifvmjyD; Adkif;&yfpful;rcH& atmif wHcg;rSm tapmihf wpf a,muf csxm;vdkuf&w,f/ tJ'Daemufydkif;usawmh F-

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG secure [m 'D ul;pufwwf wJh malware yHkpHopfudk avh

vmMunhfzdkY tvlrDeD,rfeJY aMu;eDum&Hxm;wJh a&'D,dk vIdif;awG rxdk;azmufEdkifwJh prf;oyfcef; ESpfcef;udk wnf aqmufvdkufw,f/ rl v Cabir yH k p H [ m EIdif;,SOfMunfh&if tEÅ&m,f r&Sdayr,fhvnf; rormwJh malware a&;ol t csKd U [m ,if;udk ydkjyD; ul;pufjref zsufqD;wwfwJhyHkpHawGtjzpf yHpk x H w k Mf uawmhw,f/ wcsKUd uawmh qef;opfwJh wdkuf cdkufrItrsKd;tpm;awG pjyD; wDxGifMuawmhw,f/ vGwf aewJh rdkbdkif;vf Adkif;&yfpf awG[m ,ckqdk&if zkef;wpf vHk;udk vHk;0 rpGrf;aqmifEdkif atmif vkyfEdkifw,f/ ,if; tay:u data udk delete vkyEf ikd w f ,f 'grSr[kwf ,if; ypö n f ; ud k wef z d k ; MuD; MuD; eHygwfawGqD tukeftus rsm;apwJh messages awG twif;ydkYapwwfw,f/ ESpf ES p f t wG i f ; rS m yJ smart phones awGudk ypfrSwfxm; wJh Adkif;&yfpfta&twGuf[m wpfckuae ESpf&mausmfausmf txd wuf o G m ;cJ h w ,f / 1986 ckESpfrSm xkwfcsvdkuf wJh Brain trnf&SdwJh yxr qHk; PC Adkif;&yfpfay:jyD;wJh aemuf ES p f E S p f t wG i f ; u uGefysLwmAdkif;&yfpfawGudk tMurf;zsif;tm;jzifh ,SOfEdkif aewJh yGm;rsm;rIEIef;twdkif;yJ/ ,if ; ud k xd e f ; csKyf z d k Y {&mrMudK;yrf;rI jyKaewJMh um;

42

odyfra0;awmhwhJ tem*wfrSm urÇmay:u uGefysLwmtrsm;pk[m smart phone awG jzpfvmr,f/ uyJ PC malware [m qufjyD; 'ke;f pdik ;f aeqJy/J ,ck txd yHkpHaygif; 200ç000 ausmf awGU&Sd rSwfom;xm; jyD;jyD? 'DaeYqkd umuG,rf xm; wJh PC wpfck[m internet udk wyfqifvu kd w f hJ rdepfyikd ;f twGif;rSmyJ ul;pufcH&wm rMumcPygyJ/ tESpf ESpf q,f tjyif;txef wdu k cf u kd f rIeJY pD;yGm;a&;t& 'Dwefzdk; awG[m MuD;jrihfygw,f/ jyD; awmh 'Dwefz;kd awG[m txif MuD; cH&zdYk a&;wJh acwfa[mif; malware uae spamming vkyfzdkY? data cdk;,lzdkY 'grS r[kwf aiGn§pf? qufaMu; awmif;zdkYtwGuf yHkpHxkwf xm;wJh ]]&mZ0wfrcI if; crime ware}} acwfopf wpfckqD enf;ay; vrf;jycJjh yD;jzpfawmh ydkjyD;awmif jrihfwufvmae w,f/ 'DaeYrSmawmh rdkbdkif;vf malware [m pdwf taESmifh t,Suf jzpfp&mxuf odyf ykdrSm r[kwfbl;/ 'gayr,fh vHjk cHKa&; tokid ;f t0kid ;f ? q,f vlvm uGe&f ufpepf vnfywf vkyfaqmifapoleJY smart phone yH k p H xk w f o l a wG yl;aygif; vkyfaqmifrI r&SdchJ &if ¤if;wkdY[m vmr,fhESpf

awGrSm PC malware xuf ykdjyD; aMumufp&maumif;whJ jyóemudk tjref jzpfvmap vdrfhr,f/ yDpD malware &JU ordkif;[m ta&;ygrI avQmh oG m ;aew,f / 'gayr,f h rdkbdkif;vfAdkif;&yfpf a&;olawG aemufxyf wdkufcdkufr,fh enf;vrf;wcsKdUudk uRefawmf wdkY MudKwifarQmfawG;zdkY oif

cef;pmawG ay;cJhw,f/ wdkuf cdkufr,fh enf;vrf;awG vJG acsmfatmif ajcvSrf;,vSrf;zdkY &mrSmvnf; ulnaD y;cJw h ,f/ t&Sed w f ufaewJh 'Da&vIid ;f 1988 ckESpfrSm uGefysL wm uRrf;usifolrsm;pGmu Adkif;&yfpfawGudk ta&;rygvS wJh qef;opfrIawGvdkY qdkjyD;

r,fv0f J a&S;OD;oif zwfpm Phishing Scan

pum;0SufawG? aiGaMu; tcsuftvufawG? 'grSr[kwf wjcm; oD;oefYtcsuftvufawG xkwaf zmfzYkd owdrrlou l kd qJGaqmif odrf;oGif;wJh rormaom Web Page, e-mail 'grSr[kwf text message. Spyware

toHk;jyKol 'grSr[kwf uGefysLwmpepftaMumif; oD;oefY owif;wdkYudk cdk;em;axmifolawGqD xkwfazmfwJh software. Trojan Horse

toHk;0if[ef &Sdaomfvnf; trSefpifppf ykef;atmif;aewJh rorm code udk o,faqmifwJh program wpfck? Virus

rlvtm;jzifh wjcm; program wpfcx k J olYbmom 0ifa&muf jyD; t0ifa&mufcH software tvkyf,vkyfwJhtcg udk,fyGm; wwfwJh computer code? ,ckawmh Trojan horse awGeJY worm yd;k rTm;awG tygt0ifjzpfwhJ a,bk,s a0g[m&wpfck tjzpf toHk;rsm;w,f/ Worm

olYukd,fol udk,fyGm;wwfjyD; network wpfckrSm tvdk tavsmuf avQmufysHUESHYwJh code.

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb dk mv? 2007 ckEpS f

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

wdkufcdkufrIwpfck&JU cE¨maA' owdMu;D wJh ynmwwf wpfa,muf awmifrS CommWarrior vdk aumif;aumif; yHpk jH yKxm;wJh rdb k ikd ;f vf yd;k rTm; ul;pufc&H Edik w f ,f/ 2005 ckEpS rf mS malware udk pawGU uwnf;u 'D worm &JU rluGJ 15 rsK;d udk awG&U x dS m;jy;D om;yg/ CommWarrior [m ul;puf cH&olawG&UJ zke;f awGrmS malware udk install vkyz f Ykd qJaG qmif odr;f oGi;f zdYk Bluetooth user interface udk tjrwfxw k w f ,f/ touf0if Ed;k Mum;vmwmeJY wpfjyKd ief uf ,if;[m Bluetooth connection awGu wpfqifh multimedia (MMS) messages awGeJY memory cards awGukd tjrefMu;D ysEUH o YHS mG ;Edik w f ,f/

abmhbf bwfpf wpfp;D ay: wufpOf? olU smart phone u jrnfw,f? wjcm;zke;f wpfv;kH u olzY ek ;f udk Bluetooth u wpfqifh olb Y mom copy vkyzf Ykd MuKd ;yrf;aewJh CommWarrier Q &Sad ew,f/

k yk zf Ykd &Sad wmh abmhbu f ta&;Mu;D call wpfcv aemufq;kH olu 'yes' tajzudk transmission oauFweJY installation eJY vHjk cKH a&; oauFw awGukd tajzay;vdu k w f ,f/ tck olzY ek ;f ul;pufcv H u kd &f awmhw,f/ abmhbu f application wpfcu k kd vTaJ jymif; transfer vkyz f Ykd wjcm;zke;f xJu olzY ek ;f &JU memory card udk ay;vdu k rf &d if 'w k , d zke;f ul;pufc&H r,f/

abmhb&f UJ zke;f u ,if;[m file wpfcu k kd vufc&H awmhrmS jzpfvYkd ay;ydrYk u I kd vufczH Ykd olcY iG jfh yKcsuaf wmif;wJh owday;csuf olu Y akd y;w,f/

CommWarrior Q

[m teD;tem;u wjcm; Bluetooth zke;f awGukd scanning pvkyf aejy;D ,if;awG&U m wpfcck u k kd wpfcg wpf&rH mS wpfcsw D nf; trsm;tjym;udk olb Y mom ul;zdYk MuKd ;pm;w,f/ ,ck worm [m ,if;&JU MMS copy awGukd tJvpfp&f UJ vdypf m pmtkyx f u J rdb k ikd ;f vfeyH gwaf wGwikd ;f udk tJvpfpyf jYkd y;D om; a&S;u message awGuae pOf;vJpmG pkpnf;xm;wJh text message wpfce k YJ wGjJ y;D ydaYk ew,f/

44

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb dk mv? 2007 ckEpS f

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG rouFmawmh abmhbf u 'no' vdYk ajzw,f/ zke;f u ½d;k ½d;k yJ jrnfjy;D ar;cGe;f xyfay:w,f/ ol 'no' ajzae ao;orQ abmhbu f call wpfck vkyv f Ykd r&Edik ?f message rydEYk ikd f 'grrS [kwf olzY ek ;f u wjcm; software wpfcck u k kd roH;k Edik af wmhb;l /

abmhbu f tJvpfpq f D wpfck ydw Yk hJ tcgrmS vnf; worm u csucf si;f yJ worm &JU copy wpfck ,kww då efwhJ file trnfwpfck jyefay; jy;D om;ygwhJ wpfqufwnf; ygwhJ MMS file wpfzikd f Alice udk ydw Yk ,f/ Alice u message udk zGiv fh u kd f wJt h cg olr&JzU ek ;f ul;pufc&H awmhw,f/ text message

tJvpfpu f text message wpfcu k kd jyefajzwdik ;f CommWarrior Q u ul;pufxm;wJh MMS package wpfce k YJ qufvu kd w f ,f/ tJvpfp&f UJ u,f&, D mukrP Ü u D olyw Ykd hJ MMS message wdi k ;f twGuf wefz;kd wGuw f ,f/ 'gaMumihf ol&UJ aiGpm&if;[m tjrefMu;D jrihw f uf awmhwmayg/h

ypfy,fxm;cJhw,f/ 'DtuJ jzwfrI[m 0rf;enf; zG,f aumif;atmifudk tçaMumif; oufaoxlcw hJ ,f/ rdb k ikd ;f vf malware tzdkY tcsdefu tck 1988 jzpfoGm;jyD; uRefawmf wdYkrmS twdwu f trSm;awGukd jyefvkyfrdjcif;u a&Smif&Sm;zdkY vI y f & S m ;&r,f h umv[m wdkwdkyJ &Sdawmhw,f/ 'Dvt dk rSm;wpfcu k malware awG MuD;pkd;axGjym; tqif h j rif h ½I y f a xG ; vmrI b,favmufjrefjref MuD;xGm; vmr,fqw dk mavQmw h u G jf cif; jzpfw,f/ ysUH ESYHMuD;pd;k rI jzpfap wmu yk;d ul;pufc&H rI tvm; tvm&Sd OD;a&a&m olwkdY&JU ul;pufrI jrefEeI ;f ESpcf pk vH;k &JU vkyaf qmifcsufyg/ rormwJh rdkbdkif;vf software twGuf ypfrSwfOD;a&[m {&mr MuD; rm;whJtjyif ckefysHausmfvTm; MuD;xGm;aevkdufao;w,f/ tck q d k & if urÇ m ay:rS m rdkbdkif;vfzkef;awG ESpfbDvD,H ausmf &SdaejyD/ trsm;pk a omzk e f ; awG [m tydwfpepf ukd,fykdif enf;ynm operating systems oHk;xm;vkdY Akdif;&yfpf ul;pufrI'Pf cHEkdif&nf&SdwhJ qJvfzkef;a[mif;awGqkdwm rSefyg&JU/ 'gayr,fh oHk;pGJol awG [ m 'D u d & d , mawG u d k tjrefqHk; pGefYvTwfjyD; ydkrdk zGihfxm;wJh pDpOfrIpepfawG? web browser awG ? tD ; ar;vfeJY wjcm; messaging vk y f E d k i f w mawG e J Y flash memory card zwfEdkifwm

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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb dk mv? 2007 ckEpS f

ydk;rTm;awG xkd;azmuf 0if a&mufrIu umuG,fay;wJh ]]rawGU&SdEdkifwJh}} mode wpfck udk Bluetooth rSm xnhfay; Edkifw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dt*Fg &yfukd rdrw d YkdtwGuf vky&f Edik f r,fhol tenf;i,frQom &Sd ao;w,f/ 'DaEGOD; uGefysL wmvHjk cHKa&; nDvmcHwpfcrk mS yd k Y csrI w pf c k jyKae&if ; u uRef a wmf [ m tcef ; ud k tjref scan vkyfMunhfawmh y&d o wf x J u uRrf ; usif ynm&Sif xuf0ufeD;yg;[m olwdkY&JU zkef;awGxJu Bluetooth a&'D,kd qufo, G rf u I kd zdwaf c:ovkd zGiahf y;xm;wm rsKd ; awG U &w,f / omref vlOD;a&xJrSmqkd&if 'DtcsKd; tpm;u ydjk yD;awmhawmif jrifh OD;r,f/ 'gaMumihf 'Dypönf; awG[m rjrifEdkifwJh uyfyg; yd k ; rT m ;awG t zd k Y taES m ih f t,Suf jzpfavmufatmif xd a &muf w J h wpf q ih f c H ul ; puf & mawG jzpf v map w,f/ 'Dawmh 'Dvdk ul;pufcH OD;a&[m tjrefMuD;xGm;vm w,f/ Smartphones awG [m wefzdk;MuD;wJh vkyfief; oHk; yHkpHawGtaeeJY pay:vm cJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh oHk;pGJol awG olwdkYudk MudKufvmwm [m rMumcifu xdk;wuf oGm;cJhavw,f/ rsKd;quf wpfckjyD;wpfck[m PC eJ Y wlwJh vkyfaqmifrI t*Fg&yf awG ydkwdk;vmcJhw,f/ wpf csdefwnf;rSmyJ tJ'D smartphone awG[m AD'D,dk uif

45

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46

ta&mif;[m taemufydkif; Oa&myrSm a&mif;&wmxuf ta&SUydkif; Oa&my? tmz&du eJY ta&SU tv,fydkif;wdkYrSm ESpfqydkrdk MuD;xGm;vmcJhw,f vd k Y awG U &w,f / puf r I vkyif ef; a0zefqef;ppfoal wG MudKwif a[mudef;xkwfwm u zGHUjhzdK;qJEdkifiHtcsKdU[m MudK;vdik ;f tifwmeuftajccH taqmufttHw k pfck aqmuf vkyfwmudk pGefYvTwfjyD; tJ'g tpm; ,if;wdYk &UJ 'pf*spfw,f Mud K ;rJ h networks awG u d k tqih f j r§ i h f a y;jyD ; smartphones awG u d k 0,f , l z d k Y wwfEdkifwJh uGefysLwmawG tjzpf twef;jr§ihfajymif;vJ ay;zdkY a&G;cs,fMuvdrhfr,f/ MudK;rJhvrf;aMumif;[m wnf aqmufzdkYeJY t&SnfwnfjrJ atmif MuHhcdkifxdef;odrf;zdkY&m ydkjyD; wefzdk;enf;Edkifw,f/ (jyD;awmh qifqm&JU ½Ia'gifh uqdk&if monitor vkyfzdkYeJY control vkyfzdkY&m trsm;MuD; ydkvG,foGm;r,f) 'D MudKwifcefYrSef;csuf awG u wd u srS e f u ef c J h & if smartphones awG [ m ra0;vSwhJ tem*wfrmS urÇm wpfvTm;&JU uGefysLwmawG

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Ü jD zpfaom F-secure &JU rpfukd[pfykdeif u [,fqifu&D dS uGeyf sLwmvHjk cKH a&;ukrP okawoet&m&Sd jzpfygw,f/ ¤if;ukrP Ü u D rkb d ikd ;f vfzek ;f jyKvyk o f al wGeJY network U m 15 ESpt f wGi;f operators awGukd tMuaH y;w,f/ ol&Y JU Akid ;f &yfpEf rdS Ef iS ;f a&;tzGJ[ Akdif;&yfpf 'gZifaygif;rsm;pGmudk yxrqHk; &SmazGazmfxkwfEkdifchJí ESdrfESif;owfjzwfchJw,f/ 2000 jynhEf pS u f emrnfq;dk eJY ausmMf um;vSaom loveletter worm tygt0if jzpfw,f/ uGefysLwmvHkjcHKa&;eJY ywfoufvkdY pmtkyfESpftkyf yl;wGJa&;om;chJol [pfykdeif[m rdu k u f ½kad qmhz?f FBI? US Secret Service eJY UK u paumhwvef,m'f tzGaUJ wGukd tultnDawG ay;aew,f/

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Horses awG[m Nokia wdkY Samsung wd k Y ? Sony Eriesson wdkY Motorola wdkY

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48

uGefysLwmawGrSm usoifhaiGacspepf wpfygwnf; built-in tjyD;rygbl;/ rdkbdkif;vfzkef;awGrSmawmh ygw,f/ qkd;oGrf;npfywfolawGu 'D feature t*Fg&yfrS tusKd;tjrwfxkwfvmwm umv Mum&SnfvSjyDyJ/ tjrJvdk rsm;rsm;vmwJh enf; vrf;aygif;pHkeJY toHk;0ifwJh software udk wdkufcdkufjyD; zsufqD;awmhw,f/ PC rSm qdk&if apmapmydkif; Adkif;&yfpf awGudk Trojans awG? ydk;rTm; awG ? spyware (=oif Munfh½I&m websites awG taMumif; owif; tcsuf tvufawGudk wdwfwqdwf cdk;ul;wJh software) eJY rMum ao;cifurS phishing (= owdrrlwwfoludk pum; 0SufawG? b@ma&;qdkif&m tao;pdwfawG 'grSr[kwf wjcm;yk*v ¾ u d tcsut f vuf awG xk w f a zmf a tmif qG J aqmifwhJ rorm web-page wdkY e-mail wdkY 'grSr[kwf text message wdkYeJY) wdkuf cdkufrIawGu vmjyD; yl;aygif; w,f/ 2003 ckESpf uwnf; u yDpDawGay:rSm ay:vmwJh malware topf[m taESmihf t,SufjyK½Hk oufoufxuf tusKd;tjrwf &vdkrItwGuf a&;cJ h w myg/ ,ck t cgrS m cyber &mZ0wfaumif *dkPf; tzJ G U awG wpf u rÇ m vH k ; rS m

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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb dk mv? 2007 ckEpS f

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Smart Phone zke;f rsm;twGuf tumtuG,af qmhz0f t J csKUd

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txl; fomat vkyfxm;wJh text message awG ydkYjcif; tm;jzihf olwdkYaiGpm&if;awG xJu aiGaMu;awGudk tjcm; ol w d k Y xH vT J a jymif ; ay;zd k Y olwdkY&JU zkef;awGudk toHk;jyK Edkifayvdrhfr,f/ 'pf*spfw,f aiGay;ukrP Ü MD uD;wpfcjk zpfwhJ PayPal u toHk;jyKolawG olwdkY&JUzkef;awGoHk;jyD; ypönf; awG 0,fcGihfjyKwJh tvm;wl 0efaqmifrIwpfck ay;xm; w,f/ tJ'v D kd 0efaqmifraI wG [m malware a&;olawGtzdYk tjyif;txef pdwf0ifpm;rI jzpfapEdkifygw,f/ rdkbdkif;vf malware &JU pdwful;&mrSm ÓPfeD ÓPf euf &SdrIeJY rdkbdkif;vfzkef;awG &JU enf;ynmydkif;a&m? aiG aMu;ydkif; wwfEdkifrIawG ESpf zufvHk; wdk;wufvmawmh uRef a wmf w d k Y [ m vmr,f h ESpfESpfrSm jrefjrefqefqef ta&;,l aqmif&GufzdkYyJ &Sd w,f/ ,ck vIyf&Sm; aqmif &G u f r I a wG [ m rd k b d k i f ; vf malwares awG ,if;wdkY&JU rzHGUjzdK;ao;cifrSm jyD;awmh smartphone services

50

taxmuftyhaH y;rnfh OS

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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb dk mv? 2007 ckEpS f

ydkYEdkifpGrf;udk tjrwfxkwf,l Edik pf rG ;f r&Sad o;bl;/ r,fv0f J malware [m e-mail quf oG,fa&; ud&d,mwpfckvdk ysHUESYH apEdik rf mS 'grSr[kwf zke;f awGudk spams awG ydkYaewJh robots awGtjzpf ajymif;Edkif rS m uawmh tem*wf r S m rvGJ{uefyg/ Spyware [m yD p D e,f y ,f r S m tvsif t jref aygufzGm;aewJh aemufxyf jyóemwpfckjzpfjyD; oD;oefY aESmih, f u S rf u I if;uif;aevdrk I udk zsufqD;ypfzdkY zkef;awGrSm cd;k aMumifc;kd 0Su0f ifr,fh software twGuf tvm;tvmyJ qdkwm odomw,f/ ,ckxd tJ'Dvdk program rsKd; vuf wpfqkyfpmrQom awGU&ao; w,f/ FlexiSpy vdkY ac:wJh wpfcu k qd&k if zke;f tac:awG? phone calls eJY multimedia message awGukd yHr k eS t f aeeJY rjrif&bJ ydkYvnf;ydkY vufcH vnf; vufcHjyD; wwd, wpf z G J U qD u d k yd k Y aeav&J U ? cdk;em;axmifwJh olu olvQdK vk y f a ewJ h program ud k download vkyfjyD; install

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,cktxdawmh rdb k ikd ;f vf malware a&;oG i f ; ol a wG [m ]vlrIa&;tif*sifeD,m ynm&yf}rSmom oD;jcm; tm; xm;cJhwmyg/ wpfenf;tm; jzifh oHk;pGJolawGu olwdkY&JU zkef;awGrSm rvdkwrm program xnfhoGif;rIudk vdkvdk vm;vm; cGihfjyKvmatmif vSnfhjzm;jcif;yg/ wcsKdUu olwdkYudk,folwdkY toHk;0ifwJh pDpOfrIawG 'grSr[kwf vdkcsif wJh *drf;awGtjzpf udk,fa&mif azsmuf zH k ; uG , f M uw,f / 'gayr,fh wcsKdU txl;ojzifh Bluetooth u wpf q ih f ysHUESHYwJh Cabir eJY Comm Warrior wdkYu r[kwfbl;/ vl r sm;pG m [m ud & d , mu

vHkjcHKa&; tEÅ&m,f&SdaMumif; owday;jyD; jyifyu software udk vufrcHzdkY tcGihf ta&; ol w k d Y ud k ay;wm awmifrS files awGudk vufcH vdu k Mf uw,f/ 'DAikd ;f &yfpaf wG tul;pufcHvdkuf&wJh olawG ud k uRef a wmf e J Y wjcm; okawoDwdkYu ar;cGef;xkwf ygw,f/ cifAsm;bmaMumifh 'yes' udk ESdyfwmvJ/ Mum;ae us tajzuawmh yxrolwYkd rESyd b f ;l ? olwYkd 'no' udk a&G;yg w,f/ 'gayr,fh 'DrSmwif ar;cG e f ; u rS e f o m;jyif r S m csufcsif; ay:vma&m? ydk;rTm; wpfc[ k m tajzwpfct k wGuf no udk r,lbl;qdkwm oif od w,f/ 'Dawmh ,if;u

rdkbdkif;vf Malware awG&JU aESmifh,Suf zsufqD;rIrsm; trnf Cabir

(discovered June 2004) CommWarrior (discovered March 2005)

ul;pufyHk trsKd;tpm;ESifh enf;vrf;

oufa&mufrI

Worm

trsK;d tpm;/ tjcm; Bluetooth ud&, d mokYd qufoG,fí olYukd,fol aumfyDyGm; 0ifa&mufw,f/

tjcm;qufo, G &f m bluetooth &Sd r&Sd tjrrJ jywf scan vkyaf evkYd zke;f &JU bufx&Dtm; ukefoGm;w,f/

Worm trsK;d tpm;/ Bluetooth rSwpfqifh yGm;w,f/ olu Y , dk o f l MMS zkid t f aeeJY zke;f eJY address book xJu eHygwaf wGqo D Ydk ykv Yd w T w f ,f/ 0ifvmwhJ SMS (text) eJY MMS messages awGudk tvkt d avsmuf

tcsKUd user awG[m worm rS ydv Yk w T w f Jh MMS file wkid ;f twGuf usoifah iG ay;ae&w,f/ Worm rsK;d uGJ wpfcu k awmh zke;f udk vH;k 0 oH;k r&atmif vkyyf pfw,f/

jyefvnfajzMum;whJtcg jzpfyGm;w,f/ jzKwfwyfvkdY&whJ memory card rSm olu Y , dk o f l aumfyyD Gm; 0ifa&mufw,f/ aemuf zke;f ay:u tjcm; y½k*d &rf installation files awG txJ xnhfoGif;w,f/ Doomboot (discovered july 2005)

Trojan horse trsK;d tpm;/ Doom 2 video game version wpfrsK;d ta,mif aqmifxm;w,f/ user rS download vky?f install vkyaf pzkYd jrLqG,w f ,f/

FlexiSpy (discovered March 2006)

Spyware

zke;f udk boot wufvmjcif;rS wm;qD;jy;D Cabir eJY ¤if;udk CommWarrior awG zke;f ay: installs vkyaf y;w,f/

trsK;d tpm;/ tifwmeuf download enf;eJY ul;pufw,f/ zkef;ykdif&Sifr[kwfbJ tjcm;olwpfa,mufrS install vkyjf cif; jzpfygw,f/

zke;f ac:qrdk rI sm;pGm jyKvyk jf y;D text eJY MMS message aumfyDawGudk pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;oHk; server tay: ydkYvTwfw,f/ rqdkifwhJolawGu ukd,fa&; tcsufawG &&SdoGm;wmaygh/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb dk mv? 2007 ckEpS f

51

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG oHk;pGJoltaeeJY Bluetooth udk jzwfawmufzdkY menu option pd w f M ud K uf a &G ; csd e f ray;awmhwmyJ/ 0rf ; enf ; p&maumif ; wmuawmh smartphone trsm;pk&JU topfqHk;yHkpHrsm; rSmawmif wpfOD;wpfa,muf u file transfer udk vufcH wJhtxd ('grSr[kwf oHk;pGJol u ul;pufc&H wJh ypön;f tae eJY bmawmif;qdkcsuf ydkYwmyJ jzpf j zpf tvS r f ; rrD & mqD avQmufxGufoGm;wJh - 'D a&G;cs,fydkifcGihf &Sdwmudk vl tenf ; i,f r Qom oabm ayguf a o;aomf v nf ; txd) olwpfOD; zkef;toHk;jyK wmudk xdxda&mufa&muf jiif;y,fwhJ Bluetooth aESmihf ,Surf rI sK;d udk cGijfh yKxm;w,f/ ajcwpfvrS ;f a&SaU &mufaezdYk rdb k ikd ;f vf malware [m smartphone awG&JU toHk; 0ifrIeJY wefzdk;udk qdk;qdk; 0g;0g; pdk;&drfavmufatmif rusqif;apcifrSm wm;qD; &yfqdkif;zdkY wpfckwnf;aom arQmfvihfp&muawmh ouf qdik o f l tm;vH;k &JU vsifjrefpmG pkaygif;vkyfaqmifwJh ta&; ,ljcif;yJ/ ukrÜPDrsm;u ,ck &Edik af ewJh Adik ;f &yfpEf rdS ef if;a&; software [m smartphone awGudk ul;pufrI umuG,f

52

ay;jyD; ydk;owfay;Edkifw,f/ tJ'gawmif 'DumuG,frIudk 0,f,lol tenf;i,fuom wyfqifMuao;w,f/ 'g[m ajymif ; vJ z d k Y vd k t yf w ,f / toH k ; jyKol u d k zk e f ; ay:u program wpfcku Internet connection wpfck zGihfay;zdkY qH;k jzwfcsufwpfcu k kd twif; t"r®&,lwJhtcg owday; wwfwJh firewall software udk zke;f awGrmS xnfo h iG ;f xm; oihfygw,f/ 'g[m txl; ojzihf Wi-Fi (wpfenf;tm; jzihf 802.11 vdYk ac:wJ)h network awG e J Y trsm;oH k ; Internet wdkYudk wdkuf½dkuf quf o G , f E d k i f w J h smartphones awGtwGuf ta&; MuD;wJh umuG,fa&;yHkpHwpfck jzpfw,f/ qJvv f v l mukrP Ü D rsm;pGm[m olwdkY&JU rdkbdkif;vf ypönf;awGuoHk;wJh GPRS odYk r[kwf UMTS data networks awGay:u traffic udk usm;ukwfusm;cJ filter vkyf MunhfMuw,f/ ydwfrxm;wJh WiFi networks awGrmS tJ'D vdk umuG,rf rI &Sb d ;l / 'Dawmh u,f&D,mawGu olwdkY&JU MMS stream awGukd rorm wJh wyfqifrIawGygaewJh messages awG z,f&Sm;ypfzdkY filter vk y f a eMuw,f / tm;vHk; vdkufvkyfoihfw,f/ tMuD;qH;k zke;f xkwv f yk f ol wcsKUd [m Trusted Computing Group udk 0ifvdkuf MujyD/ tJ'gu malware twGuf ypönf;&JU memory xJu txdrcHEikd w f hJ data awG

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awGudk xkwfjyefxm;jyD;wJh wdkif urÇmhae&mtrsm;tjym; rSm Oya' wif;MuyfrI avsmh&J wm 'grSr[kwf r&SdwmawGeJY ygyJ/ EdkifiHrsm;pGmrSm Oyrm tm;jzifh rav;&Sm;? tif'dkeD; &Sm;eJY zdvpfyikd w f YkdrmS rdb k ikd ;f vf malware out-break awG tESYH tjym;jzpfvYkd tepfemqH;k xdcdkufayr,fh tckxd software &mZ0wfrIawG ajc&m cHEdkifa&;twGuf taxmuf tul j zpf E d k i f w J h tm;xm; avmufjyD; tcsdefrDwJh udef; * Pef; awG t jrJ wrf; rpkaqmif; rdcJhMubl;/ uRefawmfwdkYtzdkYawmh uRefawmfhtzGJUeJY vHkjcHKa&; okawoevkyfief; vlUtzGJU tpnf;u tjcm;olrsm;[m qif b D , ef Symbian eJ Y Pocket PC wdkYudk jzpfvmrS wH k Y jyef j cif ; xuf jzpf v m atmif? ajymif;vJvmatmif vkyfwJhenf;eJY avhvmaeyg jyD/ Code rSma&m system design awGrSmyg tm;enf; csuf aysmh u G u f a wG u r,fvf0J malware 0ifcGihf ay;Edik pf &mawGukd &SmazGaeyg w,f/ uRefawmfwdkY 'D[m uGufawGudk awGUzdkY arQmfvihf xm;ygw,f / 'grS o m 'D tawmrowf ppfy&JG UJ ra&Smif omwJh aemufwpfcsrD mS vlq;kd awGu 'D[muGuu f kd acgif;yHk jzwf tjrwfxkwf rvkyfcif zmax;EdkifrSmyg/ OD;cGef&J Ref : Scientific American November, 2006.

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54

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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb kd mv? 2007 ckEpS f

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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb kd mv? 2007 ckEpS f

qd k y gw,f / uJ 'gawG u pD;yGm;a&;orm;awG&JU pD;yGm; a&; wG u f c suf r I a wG y g/ uRefawmfwdkYeJY rqdkifygbl;/ uRefawmfwdkYeJY qdkifwmu ypönf;awG 0,fvdkY&rvm;/ aps;EIef;ua&m vufvSrf;rD &JUvm;/ &vmjyDqdk&ifa&m uRefawmfwdkYawGu b,fvkd b,f a e&mrS m oH k ; rS m vJ / uRefawmfwdkY jrefrmvlrsKd; awG&JU tusifhp½dkufvnf; odom;yJAsm/ aemufajymifrI? usDp,frIawGrSm 0goemxHk Muygw,f/'Dawmh uRefawmf pOf;pm;Munfw h ,f/uRefawmf wdkY vlrsKd;awG&JU vufxJom 'Dypönf;av;a&mufvm&if pmoifcef;eH&HrSm bwfpfum; eH&H 'grSr[kwf trdk;awGrSm ½k y f y H k a wG u d k awG Y v m&rS m aocsmaeygw,f/ tpoef wJh vlrsKd;awGudk;? 'gayr,fh tMunfpm;vGef&if &efjzpf wwfMuwmvnf; rarhzdkY? owdxm;jyD; Munfpm;MuzdkY xdef;wJhvlawGuvnf; wef; xde;f &OD;rSm uRefawmf jrifae w,fAsm/ OD;rsK;d (tkid w f -D tef;wdw)f (Newsweek r*¾Zif;rS Benjamin Sutherland &JU Pocket projectors aqmif;yg;ESihf B.J.Lee &JU The Digital Play

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55

New Products Drobo

external SATA drives

av;cktxd qHo h nf/

puf½kyfwdkYrnfonf vlom;wdkYb0twGuf tvG,fwul vkyfudkifEdkifap&ef taxmuftuljyKay;aom t&mrsm; jzpfMuonf/ Power Users rsm;twGuf puf½kyf oabmw&m;tjynfhjzifh data storage vkyfief;pOfudk vkyfay;Edkifjcif;aMumifh Drobo [k trnfay;xm;onf/ tjcm; tjcm;aom puf½kyfrsm;uJhodkY pufrIyHkpHjyK puf½kyfr[kwfay/ Logical robot [k wdwdusus ajymEdkifygvdrhfrnf/ External drivers trsm;tjym;udk pepfwus pDpOf aqmif&Gufay;aom vkyfief;wm0efudk xrf;aqmifonf/ tqdkyg drives rsm;udk vHkjcHKrIpepf back up pepfrsm;jzifh tpOfwnf&Sdaeaponf/ Drobo wGif SATA hard drives av;cktxd udk,fxnfxJwGif xnfhoGif;xm;Edkifonf/ Settings udpr ö sm;twGuf vHk;0 ylyefp&mrvdkay/ AI aqmhzf0JrS tm;vHk;udk xdef;csKyfaqmif&Gufay;onf/ wpfenf;qdk&aomf todÓPfwkjzifh pDrHxm;aom hard drives rsm; jzpfaeaponf/ Drives wpfckpDtwGuf tajcjyrD;rsm; wyfqifxm;jcif;aMumifh jynfhumeD;

56

drive tajcwGif

rD;vH;k rsm; yg&o dS nf/ tajctaersKd;twGufjzpfap? wpfckck csKdU,Gif; rSm;,Gif;rI &SdaevQifjzpfap rD;a&mifoauFwjzifh owday;ygvdrhfrnf/ csKdU,Gif;csuf&SdonfhtcgwGifjzpfap? capacity upgrade vkyfvdkonfhtcgwGif jzpfap cartridge-style jzifh tH\ tjyifbufodkY xkwf,lEdkifonf/ Drobo taejzifh 3 'or 5 vufrt&G,f rnfonfh SATA drive rqdk xnfhoGif; toHk;jyKcGihf&Sdonf/ Standard SATA interfaces tjzpf SATA 150, SATA 300 wdkYudk vufcí H 4200 rpm, 5000 rpm ESihf 1000 rpm wdYk ukd 3Gbps EIef;xm;jzifh cGihfjyKxm; onf/ Capacity tjzpf 86 GB, 120 GB odkYr[kwf 1TB txd toH;k jyKEdi k o f nf/ odkYaomf drives rsm; toihfygvm vdrhfrnfr[kwfay/ FAT 32 twGuf vdkufavsmnDaxG raqmif&GufEdkifay/ Windows toHk;jyKolrsm;twGufom jzpfonf/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm 490 a':vm jzpfonf/

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NEW PRODUCTS Apple Macbook 13-Inch (Core 2 Duo T7200) aps;EIef;ajymif;vJrIr&SdapbJ tjrefEIef; ydkaumif;apaom Macbook armf',fvftopfjzpfonf/ omreftm;jzifh 13 vufr Macbook [k ac:wGifEdkifonf/ aemufqHk; xkwf version jzpfojzihf 2.0 GHz processor udk toHk;jyK xm;ay;onf/ ¤if;ESihftwl 1 GB RAM ESifh 80 GB hard drive wdkY wJGzuf yg0ifxm;onf/ Memory twGuf xyfrH jznfhwif;,lEdkifonf/ ¤if;onf aka Santa Rosa uJhodkYaom jrefqefopfvGifonfh intel chipset awmh yg0ifvmjcif; r&Sday/ ¤if;udk MacBook Pros wGifom tqdkyg chipset udk jrifawGU&rnf/ odkYaomf tiftm; avsmhyg;jcif; r&SdvSay/ screen taejzifh novice wef; AD'D,dkESihf "mwfyHkwnf;jzwfrIrsm;twGuf tqifajyvSonf/ ¤if;wdkYtwGuf iLife'06 suite xnfhay;xm;onf/ ¤if;wGif tvGefcspfpzG,faumif;aom uD;bkwfjzifh qif,ifxm;&Sdonf/ USB ports ESpfck? FireWire port wpfckESifh DVI-1 Video out wdkY xnfhay;xm;onf/ 802.11n wireless udpv ö nf;

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Samsung Q1 Ultra MudKufESpfoufp&maumif;vSaom ultra mobile PC av; wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ Laptop obm0 tablet t&nftaoG;ESihf handheld PC yHkpH oHk;rsKd;udk aygif;pyf 'DZdkif;jyKxm;jcif; jzpfonf[k qdkEdkifonf/ xdkodkYaom'DZdkif;rsKd;jzifh samsung rS yxrqHk; xkwfvkyfEdkifcJhaomfvnf; performance tae

toHk;jyKoltwGuf xde;f csKycf vkwf

pointing stick

txm;wGif csKdU,Gif;csuf tenf;i,f yg&Sdvmygonf/ odkYaomf Lenovo ThinkPad X60 (Vista) \ performance ESihf odyfuGmjcm;vSonf r[kwfay/ ¤if;udk,fwdkif Vista udk toHk;jyKEdkifonf/ tav;csdeftm;jzifh 1 'or 5 aygifom av;onf/ wyfqifyg&Sdvmaom LCD screen av;\ resolution rSm 1024 x 600 &Sdonf/ Video Munfh jcif;? Flickr rS "mwfyHkrsm;&,ljcif; tm;vHk; aqmif&GufEdkif ygonf/ Processing Power enf;aomfvnf; RAM rSm 1 GB &Sdaeojzifh umrdapum vista udk toHk;jyKcGihf &oGm; aponf/ Q1 Ultra av;\ touch-screen function rsm;udk Vista jzihf wGJzufay;xm;ojzifh stylus udk ydkifEdkif pGm toHk;cs,lEdkifonf/ DVD ½kyf&Sifudk Munfhrnfqdkygu 2 em&D 13 rdepftxd MunfhEdkifjcif;aMumifh bufx&D tiftm;vnf; MudKufESpfoufp&m jzpfoGm;&onf/ avmavmq,f owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm a':vm 1ç100 jzpfaomfvnf; aps;uGuftajctaeay: rlwnfjyD; a':vm 600 cefYavmuftxd avQmhcsEdkifzG,f&Sdonf[k od&onf/

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57

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42 vufr yHkpHjzihf widescreen programming (SD odkYr[kwf HD) qGJqefYay;EdkifrI r&Sdjcif;yifjzpfonf/ xdkYtwl video noise rsm; ½kwfw&uf ay:xGufvmwwfouJhodkY tarSmifcef;jzifh jyoaom AD'D,dk½kyf&Sifrsm; Munfh&mwGif tenf;i,f csKdU,Gif;csuf&Sdonf/ jrifuGif;tus,frSm 42 vufr[k owfrSwfxm;aom plasma trsKd;tpm;jzpfonf/ ¤if;\ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm a':vm 2ç800 cefYjzpfonf/

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8 'or 5 vufr t&G,t f pm; LCD screen

58

5 vufrt&G,f screen jzihf MunfhEdkif&eftwGuf a':vm 350 cefY xyfrH &if;ESD;&r,fhoabm jzpfaeapygonf/ toHk;jyK& vG,fulatmif pDpOfxm;ay;onf/ ½kyfjrifoHMum;pufMuD;jzifh xyfrH qufoG,f toHk;jyKEdkif&ef S-Video out yg&SdjyD; Camcorders rsm;jzihfvnf; wdkuf½dkuf qufoG,f toHk;csEdkifygonf/ odkY&mwGif audio out rygay/ Display \ resolution rSm 480 x 240 &So d nf/ Altec Lansing iMV712 av; taejzifh iPod Video udk tm;jyK xkwfvkyfcJhonf qdkaomfvnf; wu,fwrf; vufawGUtm;jzifh taysmfwrf; AD'D,dkuifr&mjzifh ½dkuful;&&Sdcsufrsm;udk ppfaq;Munfh½IrItwGuf toHk;jyK&efqdkygu ydkrdkoihfawmfrnfh tajctaejzpfonf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f atmufwkdbmv? 2007 ckESpf

NEW PRODUCTS INTELLITOUCH EOS WIRELESS Gatget tdrfwGif;toHvTihfpepf[k ac:qdkEdkifouJhodkY zoneplayer [kvnf; ac:qdkEdkifygonf/ tdrfwGif; audio system udk MudK;rJhpepfjzihf tcef;rsm;wGif a0iS oHk;pGJEdkif

ap&ef pDpOf aqmif&Gufay;xm;aom ud&d,mjzpfonf/ xdkpepfrsKd;tm;jzifh tqdkyg,lepfrsKd; wyfqifygu pyDumryg a':vm 1ç000 cefY ukefusEdkifp&mtaMumif; &Sdonf/ Intelli Touch Eos Wireless udk toHk;csygu main unit twGuf a':vm 300 om usoihfrnfjzpfjyD; tydkaqmif;pyDumwpfvHk;pDtwGuf a':vm 150 pDom usygvdrhfrnf/ ¤if;wGif iPod dock tjzpf toihfoHk;Edkif&ef pDpOfay;xm;onf/ rlv toHxGuf ud&d,mESifh pyDumrsm; tMum; 20 ms om aemufusaernfjzpfonf/ tjcm; tcef;rsm;wGif wyfqifxm;aom pyDumrsm;twGuf 64 ms aemufusaeygvdrhfrnf/ tuGmta0; twdkif;twm t& ay 150 twGif; MudK;rJhpepfjzifh ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif ydkYvTwf ay;Edkifygonf/ ¤if;twGuf Giga Wave Technology udk oHk;xm;ay;onf/ Eos \ toHxGufEIef;onf tHhMozG,f aumif;avmufatmif &Sdaeaomfvnf; remote xdef;csKyfrIrSm

pyDum,lepfrsm;qDoYkd iPod dock rS MuKd ;rJph epfjzihf ydv Yk w T af y;onf/ Volume ESihf Source tjyif mute twGuf

xde;f csKyf cvkwf rsm; yg&o dS nf/

tuefYtowf&Sdaeonf/ pHcsdefpHñTef;t& tcef;av;cef; txd pyDumrsm;qDodkY ydkYvTwfEdkifrnfjzpfonf/ xl;qef;zG,f&mrSm dock wGif wyfqifxm;aom pyDumrS xGufonfh toHxuf tjcm;pyDumrsm;rSxGufaom toHu ydkaumif;aeygonf/ tm;enf;csufrSm visual alert ryg&Sday/ AC adapters wGif yg&Sdvmaom aub,fvfMudK;rSm tawmftwef wdkaeonf/

ISKIN CERULEAN RX & TX COMBO iPods twGuf toHk;jyK&ef xkwfvkyfvmaom combo drive av; jzpfonf/ iSkin Cerulean RX & TX wdkYu

aw;*DwoHrsm;udk MudK;rJhpepfjzifh xdef;csKyf aqmif&Gufay; onf/ tiny transmitter (TX) ESifh reciver (RX) wdkY yg&SdjyD; TX udk iPod wGif wyfqifxm;&onf/ TX ESifh RX wdkYtMum; 65 aytxd cGihfjyKxm;onf/ pwdkif iPod docks wGif

iPod wGif

wyfqifxm;&onfh

csw d x f m;&onfh

Receiver

60

Transmitter

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uGefysLwm*sme,f atmufwkdbmv? 2007 ckESpf

NEW PRODUCTS Vibration yg music buttons rsm;

Sprint Muziq LX 570 aw;*DwpGJrufolrsm;twGuf xkwfvkyfa&mif;cscJhonfh music phone jzpfonf/ Apple xkwf fancy device rsm; \ aps;EIef;xuf rsm;pGmavsmhenf;aernfjzpfaomfvnf; tvSty yHkpH'DZdkif;wdkYrSm odyfruGmjcm;vSay/ odkYtwGuf w,fvDzkef;\ trnfudkyif Sprint Muziq [lí LG ukrÜPDrS ay;cJhonf/ ¤if;onf Windows Media Player rS wdkuf½kduf aumuf,l xnfhoGif;xm;Edkifonf/ AAC, MP3 ESifh WMA ponfh music files rsm;udk USB cable qufoG,frIudk ,lum drop-and-drop vkyf,lEdkifjcif;aMumifh toHk;jyK&oltwGuf tqifajyvS onf/ xdkYtwl Sprint rSvnf; online rSwpfqihf aw;*Dw oDcsif;rsm;udk wdkuf½dkuf 0,f,l toHk;jyKEdkifonf/ odkYtwGuf oGm;&if;vm&if;jzifh aw;*Dw oDcsif;awGudk w,fvDzkef;twGif;odkY 0,f,l odkrSD;xm;Edkifaponf/ Bluetooth pepfjzifhjzpfap? wired headphone jzifh jzpfap em;qifEdkifonfhtjyif FM a&'D,dkpepfudkvnf; toHk;jyKap onf/ tD;ar;vfudpEö Sifh Web surfing udprö sm;udkvnf; yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;ygonf/ Web browser tjzpf Opera Mini udk toHk;csay;xm;onf/ tD;ar;vfa&muf&SdvmvQif

4 GB

yrmP 0ifqahH om memory card

od&Sdap&ef tcsufjy alert pepfwyfxm;jcif;onfvnf; MudKufESpfoufpzG,faumif;vSayonf/ tjcm;tjcm;aom w,fvDzkef;rsm;enf;wl 1.3 mega pixel uifr&mudkvnf; wyfqifay;xm;ygonf/ yg&Sdvmaom cvkwfrsm; keypad rsm;rSmvnf; touch-sensitive pepfudk oHk;xm;onf/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm a':vm 300 cefY jzpfonf/

Griffin Journi iPod ay:jyLvmjzpfaejcif;tay:

rSDcdkí xGufay:vmaom ypönf;wpfckyif jzpfygonf/ toGiftjyif 'DZdkif;url

om;a&tdwu f kd stand taejzifv h nf; toH;k csEikd o f nf/

62

tvGefaumif;aernfjzpfaomfvnf; toHxGuf taetxm; rSm pdwfwdkif;usp&m r&Sday/ teufa&mif om;a&tdwf uav;jzifh xnfhum tvG,fwul o,f,loGm;Edkifonf/ SRS Lab \ WOW technology xnfhoGif; toHk;jyKxm;ay;onf/ t&G,ftpm;tm;jzifh 6 'or 5 vufr _ 10 vufr _ 1 'or 3 vufrom &Sdonf/ Remote yg&SdvmjyD; ¤if;udk speaker \ ukd,fxnfwGif oHvdkuf"mwf toHk;csí uyf odrf;xm;Edkifonf/ tvGef portable jzpfaom 'DZdkif;[k rSwf,lEdkifygonf/ toHk;jyK&rnfh bufx&DrSm 16 'or 5 em&Dtxd toHk;cscHonf[k ñTef;qdkxm;aomfvnf; 10 em&DcefY toHk;jyKEdkifygonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap portable speaker pepfwpfcktaejzihf em&DtawmfMum toHk;jyKEdkifonf[k qdk&rnf/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm 130 a':vmcefY &Sdonf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f atmufwkdbmv? 2007 ckESpf

NEW PRODUCTS vuf&mxifEikd af om jyifyrS

Nokia N76

160 x 128 screen

Nokia ukrÜPDrS smart phone taejzifh

xkwfvkyfcJhonf/ ESpfvdkYpzG,f'DZdkif;jzifh wnfaqmufay;xm;onf/ odkYaomf oyf&yfvSyrIyHkpHrsKd;[k &J&Jwif;wif; rajymEdkifaom tajctae&Sdonf/ bufx&Doufwrf;rSmvnf; odyfr&ay/ 3G ESifh WiFi udpw ö Gifvnf; pdwfwdkif;usEdkif&ef cufcJaeyg onf/ odkYaomf smartphone wpfcktaejzifh aps;EIef;rSm a':vm 500 cefYtxd owfrSwfxm;cJhonf/ Clanshell yHkpHjyKxm;jyD; tjyifbuftzHk;wGifvnf; 160 x 128 screen av;wpfck wyfqifyg&Sdvmao;onf/ tqdkyg external screen av;ESifh external music buttons rsm; xyfqif ay;xm;rIrSmrl rmvfwDrD'D,morm;rsm;tMudKuf jzpfapyg onf/ Audio ESifh Video udkifwG,f&mwGifvnf; tjrefEIef; aumif;vSonfh 367 MHz processor u ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif aqmif&Gufay;Edkifonf/ uHtm;avsmfpGm aw;*DwoDcsif; rsm; zGihfem;axmif&mwGif taESmihft,SuftoHrsm; tenf;i,f &Sdaeonf/ MudK;rJhpepfudk toHk;rjyKEdkifay/ headphone plug ESihfom qufoG,f em;qifEdkifonf/ odkYaomf Symbian OS udk toHk;csay;xm;ojzihf

tzGit fh ydwf vkyo f nfah e&mESihf headphone jack

wpfae&mwnf; &Sad eojzihf taESmifh t,Suf jzpfaeaponf/

MudKufESpfoufp&maumif;aejyefygonf/ aqmhzf0Jawmfawmf rsm;rsm;udkvnf; toHk;jyKcGihfay;xm;onf/ peer-to-peer downloads yif &&SdEdkifonf/ WiFi yHhydk;rI rygu EDGE udkom cGihfjyKxm;onf/ odkYtwGuf Nokia N76 onf tqdk;taumif; 'GefwJGaeaom w,fvDzkef;trsKd;tpm;[k owfrSwfEdkifygvdrhfrnf/

Toshiba 200 GB External Hard Drive Heavy duty oHk;

tvGefayghyg;onfh hard drive trsKd; tpm;[k rSwf,lEdkifygvdrhfrnf/ uGefysLwmESifh qufoG,f&ef

64

twGuf USB 2.0 Connection wyfqifay;xm;onf/ tdwfaqmif drive wpfcktaejzifh tvGefMuD;rm;aom 0ifqHhrIyrmPudk ay;xm;Edkifonf/ wpfenf;qdk&aomf 0ifqHhrIyrmP 200 GB &,lEdkifaomfvnf; tav;csdeftm; jzihf 9 atmifpom av;onf/ tawmftoihf tMurf;cH Edkifaom yHkpH'DZdkif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wGif perpendicular recording enf;ynmudk toHk;csxm;ay;onf/ wpfenf; qdk&aomf data rsm;udk wnfhwnfh xyfí xyfí wif,l oGm;aom enf;pepfudk toHk;csxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ Toshiba ukrÜPD\ tñTef;t& toHk;jyKaepOf av;vufr tuGmrS vGwfusvQifjzpfap toHk;rjyKonfhtcg 29 vufr tuGmrS vGwfusvQifjzpfap data rsm; ysufpD;rIr&Sdap&ef tumtuG,fjyKxm;jyD;jzpfonf/ Windows ESihfjzpfap? Mac ESifhjzpfap wGJzuf toHk;jyKEdkifonf/ owfrSwf a&mif;aps;rSm 220 a':vmcefY jzpfonf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f atmufwkdbmv? 2007 ckESpf

NEW PRODUCTS Wow Wee Robopanda

OD;acgi;f ? 0rf;Adu k ?f ausmESihf ajcvuf rsm;wGif touch sersor rsm; yg&o dS nf/ tvGefMudKufESpfoufzG,f&maumif;aom puf½kyfav;wpf½kyf jzpfonf/ WowWee ukrÜPDrS tqef;opfqHk; bot tjzpf yif'g0uf0HyHkpHjzifh xkwfvkyfvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ tdrfwGif arG;xm;aom wd&pämefav;toGifjzihf cHpm;,lEdkifonf/ tav;csdeftm;jzihf 8 aygifcefYom &Sdonf/ AA bufx&D taejzifh 4 vHk; wyfqif&jyD; C bufx&Dqdkygu 6 vHk; wyfqif toHk;jyK&ygvdrhfrnf/ vrf;avQmufwwfcgp

wu,fh yif'g0uf0Hav; t&G,ftpm;&Sdw,f/ tqdkyg yif'gpuf½kyfav;rS ajymaompum;oHrSm uav;toH jzpfonf/ OD;acgif;wGif rjrifpGrf;Edkifaom sensors rsm; wyfqifxm;ouJhodkY 0rf;Adkufae&m? ausmbufae&m? vufrsm;? ajcaxmufrsm;wGifvnf; tvm;wl sensors rsm; wyfqifyg&Sdonf/ yif'gpuf½kyfav;\vufrsm;? ajcaxmufrsm;? acgif;? em;&GufESifh rsufcHk;utp vIyf&Sm; Edkifonf/ wGm;oGm;aomyHkpHr[kwfay/ av;bufaxmuf vrf;avQmufEdkifygonf/ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk cartridges jzihf xdef;csKyf aqmif&Gufaponf/ tjcm; tydkaqmif; functions rsm;twGuf cartridges rsm;udkvnf; xyfrH 0,f,l&&SdEdkifygonf/ Cartridge udkvdkufí 2 ESpfom; t&G,fESihf 6 ESpfom;t&G,f[lí cGJjcm;toHk;jyKEdkifonf/ tcsKdUonf wpfpHkpm 0,fí 2 ESpfom;udk tdyfcef;xJxm;í 6 ESpfom;udk wHcg;ayguft0em;wGif xm;&Sd toHk;csMu onf/ yif'g0uf0Hav;jzifh pum;pjrnf ajymqdkEdkifygonf/ uav;wpfa,mufESihf pum;ajymae&onfhcHpm;csufrsKd; &,lEdkifygonf/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm a':vm 170 cefY jzpfonf/

Wow Wee Roboquad t½kyfqdk;qdk; yHkpHjyK puf½kyfjzpfaomfvnf; vlYtvdkus vdkufemaqmif&Gufay;&mwGif yDjyifvSonf/ Roboquad trnfjzifh Wow Wee ukrÜPDrSyif xkwfvkyfcJhonf/ tqdkygpuf½kyfyHkpHudk Munfhí 1970 jynfhESpf ywf0ef;usif qDu airport terminal ESifh wlonf[k rSwfcsufjyKMuonf/ ajcaxmufav;acsmif; yg&Sdum vnfwH&Snf&Snfjzihf xl;qef;aom wd&pämefwpfaumiftoGiftjyif&Sdonf/ OD;acgif;u cyfjym;jym;yHkpH &Sdonf/ tjrihf 14 vufr&SdjyD; tav;csdefrSm 3 aygifcefY av;onf/ ½kwfw&uf Munhfvdkufygu Roboquad onf ydk;ESHaumifyHkpHrsKd; jzpfaeonf/ tqdkygpuf½kyfudk remote jzihf xdef;csKyf aqmif&Guf,lEdkifonf/ ¤if;udk Default jzifhjzpfap? Activity jzifhjzpfap? Aggression jzihfjzpfap? Awareness jzifhjzpfap modes av;ckjzihf toHk;csEdkifygonf/ tvdk tavsmuf aqmif&GufrI? Edk;Edk;Mum;Mum;aqmif&GufrI? wdkufcdkufaqmif&GufrI? odem;vnfaprI ponfwdkYudk cdkif;ap ,lEdkifrnfhoabm jzpfonf/ rsufvHk;rsm;wGif infrared receiver rsm; &Sdaeum rdkufu½dkzkef;vnf; wyfqifyg&Sd

66

rsuv f ;kH wpfzufwiG f IR receiver aemufwpfzufwiG f IR transmitter yg&jdS y;D tcuftcJ ausmv f mT ; Edik rf nfh scanner wpfcv k nf; OD;acgi;f wGif xnfhxm; ay;onf/ vIyf&Sm;rItm;vHk;udk remote jzifh xde;f csKyEf ikd o f nf/ onf/ tcuftcJrsm;udk ausmfvTm;oGm;Edkifaponf/ puf½kyfcdkif;aprI tm;vHk;udk ydkif&SifrS remote control jzifh aqmif&Guf,l&onf/ tdrfapmihftjzpf obm0twdkif; xm;Edkifaom tajctae r&Sday/ rdrdcdkif;aponfh tcsdefrSm om vIyf&Sm;aqmif&GufrI&Sdonf/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm a':vm 100 cefY jzpfonf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f atmufwkdbmv? 2007 ckESpf

NEW PRODUCT IN YANGON

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

AVOV Premio Pro PS-2442 4 in 1 Wirless Presenter ud&, d mav;jzpfygw,f/ aqG; aEG; wifjycsufawGukd vkyaf qmif&mwGif uGeyf sLwmteD;tem; u operator wpfO;D tqiht f vdu k f cvkwEf ydS f vkyu f ikd af y;p&m rvdkawmhbJ tqdkygud&d,mav;jzifh ajyma[molu xdef;csKyf wifjyay;Edkifygonf/ MudK;rJhpepfjzpfaomaMumihf pifjrifhay:rS xdef;csKyfaqmif&GufrIaMumifh rsufpd½Iyfp&m aub,fvf0dkif,m rsm; &Sdraejcif;aMumihf ydkrdk tqifajy acsmarGUapEdkifygonf/ vkyif ef;vky&f yftm;vH;k udk avqma&mifjcnfjzihf aqmif&u G v f yk f udkifay;onf/ xdef;csKyfoltaejzifh armufpfav;udkifum radio frequency udk toHk;csjyD; axmufjyjcif;? ñTefjycsuf? wifjycsuf ajymif;vJjcif;rsm;tm;vHk;udk vkyfudkifEdkifonf/ toH;k jyK&eftwGuf oD;jcm;aqmhz0f yJ ½d*k &rfrsm; uGeyf sLwmwGif xnfhoGif;,l&ef rvdkay/ USB port wGif ¤if;\ receiver av;udk wyfqifxm;vdkuf½Hkom jzpfonf/ toHk;jyKolrsm; twGuf t½dk;&Sif;qHk;ESifh tvG,fulqHk; jzpfaeapygvdrhfrnf/ Power Point Presentation rsm;? Slids Shows jyuGufrsm;? aw;*Dw wifqufrIrsm;ESifh ½kyf&SifMunfhjcif;rsm;twGuf

tm;vHk; toHk;jyKEdkifonf/ txl;ojzifh Window Media Player udk ydi k Ef ikd pf mG xde;f csKyf aqmif&u G af y;Edik yf gonf/ MudK;rJh pepfjzpfjcif;aMumifh yg0gtwGuf AAA trsKd;tpm; bufx&D ESpfvHk;udk wyfí toHk;jyK&onf/ Transmitter \ tav;csdef rSm 6 'or 3 *&rfomav;jyD; Receiver rSm 2 'or 6 *&rfomav;onf/ tvG,fwul o,f,loGm;Edkif&ef tqdkyg ypönf;ud&d,mav;xnhfonfh tdwfwpfckyg toihf yg&Sdvm onf/ (tvdk&Sdygu vIdifwuúodkvfe,fajrtwGif;&Sd Myanmar Info-Tech 0ef;twGi;f &Sd wpfO;D wnf;aom ud, k pf m;vS,f Myanmar Win Gate ukrÜPDwGif 0,f,l &&SdEdkifygonf/)

Medium Grand Talk Digital Player taejzifhjzpfap? Pantable Storage taejzihfjzpfap?

toHk;jyKEdkifaom ud&d,mav;jzpfonf/ tqdkyg odkrSD;ud&d,mav;udk TV odkYr[kwf Display wpfckckjzifh wdkuf½dkuf csdwfqufvdkuf½Hkjzifh ½kyf&Sif rsm;? "mwfyHkrsm; MunhfEdkifonfhtjyif aw;*DwoDcsif;rsm;udkvnf; cHpm; em;qifEdkifrnfh taetxm;&SdaomaMumifh ¤if;udk Digital Player taejzifh vnf; toHk;jyKEdkifonf[k ñTef;qdkxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ 0ifqHhrIyrmP 160 GB &Sdojzihf tvGef tm;&p&maumif;vSonf/ odkrSD;ud&d,m\ yHkpHtrsKd;tpm;rSm PATA trsKd;tpm;jzpfojzihf FAT 32 udkyif vufcH aqmif&GufEdkifygvdrhfrnf/ t&G,ftpm;rSm 2 'or 5 vufr t&G,ftpm;jzpfaomaMumihf &SyftusÐtdwf xJwGif xnfh,l o,faqmifoGm;Edkifaom taetxm;jzpfonf/ ¤if;ESihftwl remote control vnf;twlyg&SdvmjyD; qufoG,frItwGuf high speed USB 2.0 udk wyfqif toHk;jyKEdkifonf/ S.Video Connectors rsm;? Y-Pb.Pr Video/ Audio MudK;rsm;? USB MudK;rsm; tqifhqihf yg&Sdvmygonf/ vdktyfvQif um&mtdkautwGuf function udkyg xnfhoGif; toHk;jyKEdkifygao;onf/ Windows 2000 ESifh Windows XP wdkYudk tjynfht0 yHhydk; aqmif&GufapjyD; bmompum; version rsm;taejzifh tDwvD? t*Fvdyf? jyifopf? pydef? *smref? ay:wl*D? *syef? w½kwfbmompum;rsm; jzihfvnf; vkyfudkifcGihf ay;xm;onf/ Rows Library ESifh Rows Directory management rsm;udkvnf; aqmif&Guf Edkifrnfhtjyif slide show wyfqif&mwGifvnf; toHk;jyKEdkifonf/ (tvdk&Sdygu 36 vrf;&Sd Smart Computer ta&mif;qdkifwGif tvG,fwul 0,f,l&&SdEdkifygonf/)

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uGefysLwm*sme,f atmufwkdbmv? 2007 ckESpf

NEW PRODUCT IN YANGON

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

MSI G33M-FI Motherboard

MSI G 33- M-FI rm;om;bkw\ f form factor rSm Micro ATX jzpfjyD;

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taumif;qH;k ½kyx f u G t f &nftaoG;udk ay;pGr;f Edik o f nfh ASUS LCD armfew D mrsm; topf xkwv f yk x f m; onfh Windows Vista onf armfeDwmjrifuGif; us,f r sm;ud k taxmuf tul jyKay;EdkifjyD; multimedia vdt k yfcsuf jrifv h m onf E S i f h t rQ armf e D w m aps;uGuo f nf high resolution jrif u G i f ; us,f LCD trsKd;tpm;rsm;odkY OD;wnfvmonf/ ASUS \ MW221U ESifh MW201U widescreen moni -tor rsm;onf Window Hardware Quality Lab

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trSwf jyKxm;aom bmomrsm;udk Language ID in hexaowfrSwfavh&Sdonf/ ( *hexawpfq,fhajcmufvD qudef;pepf ay:wGif tajccHxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ hexa = 6, decimal = 10 jzpf&m hexadecimal udk 16 ranging from 0-9, A , B, C, D, E, F [k t"dyÜm,f zGifhqdkEdkifonf/ Hexadecimal value F onf q,fvDpepfwGif 16 ESifh nDrQonf/ ¤if;wdkYudk a&;om;vQif 0x1F ponfjzifh a&om;avh &Sdonf/ ¤if;pepf taMumif;udk programmer rsm;ESifh engineer rsm; aumif; aumif; odygonf/) Windows wGif w&m;0if todtrSwf jyKxm;aom Language & Language ID rsm;rSm atmufyg twdkif; jzpfonf/

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rsufESmzHk;aqmif;yg; Resource rsm;taMumif; tMurf;zsif;rSmAccelerator - New (Ctrl + N), Open (Ctrl + O) paom Keyboard shortcut rsm; yg0ifonf/ Bitmaps - Bitmaps for application (Oyrm Windows Logo ) ponfwdkY yg0ifonf/ Cursors - Arrow Cursor, Text Cursor ponf h

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Version

- Product name, Company, Version number ponfh tcsuftvufrsm;yg0ifonf/ aoaocsmcsm odvdkvQif XN Resource Editor, Resource Hacker paom freeware rsm;ud k oH k ; í notepad.exe, wordpad.exe paom Windows applications rsm;udk zGifhíjyifMunfhyg/ (wdkuf½dkuf save rvkyfyg ESifh/ Windows file protection system u oif\ jyifqif

csufrsm;udk z,f&Sm;um rl&if;zdkifjzifh jyefvnf tpm;xdk;vdrfh rnf/ Save as jzifh wjcm;ae&mwGifodrf;um zGifhMunfhyg/)

xdkae&mwGif jrefrm,leDukwfudk tpm;xdk;xnfhoGif;Edkif vQif.../ xkdenf;u Windows 2000 rwdkifrDu Microsoft oHk;aom enf;vrf;jzpfonf/ aemufydkif;wGif Multi-language User Interface (MUI) enf;ynmudk tpm;xdk; vmonf/ ¤if; MUI file rsm;wGif DOS header ESifh Menu, Dialog, String Table, Accelerator, Version Info paom Resource rsm;yg0ifonf/ ¤if; MUI file rsm;udk bmom pum; wpfckcsif;tvkduf jyKvkyfxm;jcif;jzifh toHk;jyKolonf rdrdtoHk;jyKaeaom bmompum;udk tvG,fwul ajymif;vJ toHk;jyKEdkifrnf jzpfonf/ MUI file rsm;udk wnfaqmuf&ef udk,fydkif MUI files compiler wpfck wnfaqmuf&efrSm odyfrvG,fyg/ odkYjzpfí &SdNyD;om; MUI file rsm;udk jyKjyif&efom&Sdonf/ MUI zdkifudkjyif&eftwGuf Microsoft Visual Studio udk zGifhyg/ xdkYaemuf yHkwGifjyxm;onfhtwdkif; File Menu
Open
File..
Open Dialog
Open with...
Open with Resource Editor jzifh zGifhyg/ odkYaomf jrefrmvdk½dkuf&eftwGuf Myanmar Unicode font & Keyboard Layout for Myanmar Unicode

vdktyfao;onf/ aemufvwGif xdktaMumif;udk a&;ygrnf/ ,ckvtwGuf prf;oyfvdkvQif MyMyanmar Unicode jzifh prf;oyfEdkifygonf/

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rsufESmzHk;aqmif;yg;

3/ Microsoft Visual Studio rSwpfqifh notepad.exe. mui udkzGifhNyD; uD;bkwfvufuGufajymif;um jrefrmvdk jyifyg/ (jrefrmvdrk ay:vQif Control Panel
Display

4/


Appearance Tab
Advanced Button
Select Icon in Drop down list
Select Myanmar Unicode Font in Font Name wGif MyMyanmar udk a&G;yg/ xdkYaemuf OK & Apply vkyfyg/) Language udk Chinese(PRC) jzpfap&ef owdxm;yg/ odkYr[kwfvQif Right Click
Properties
Language wGif a&G;yg/ xdkzdkifudk Save vkyfí odrf;NyD;vQif C:\WINDOWS\ mui\0804\ odkY ul;yg/ (r&SdvQif New Folder topf

wnfaqmufyg/) 5/ xkdYaemuf atmufygpmrsm;twdkif; ½dkufyg/ xdkYaemuf install.reg trnfjzifhodrf;yg/ Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\MUILanguages]

tusOf;csKyf tay:u a&;xm;onfrsm; r&Sif;vQif ‘þae&mrS pzwf yg/ (Example for C:\WINDOWS\notepad.exe) 1/ notepad.exe.mui file in Chinese (Simplified) language udk t&if&Smyg/ tjcm;ae&m odkYr[kwf tjcm; uGefysLwmwGif install vkyfNyD; ul;,lyg/ 2/ Myanmar Unicode Font & Keyboard for Myanmar Unicode udk Install vkyfyg/ (Oyrm- MyMyanmar installer which includes both font & keyboard layout)

“UIFontSubstitute”=dword:00000000 “MatchSystemLocale”=dword:00000000 “0409”=”1" “0804”=”1"

xdkYaemuf install.reg file udk double click vkyfNyD; OK vkyfyg/ ¤if;onf MUI installer u jyKjyifaom Registry setting rsm;ud k rd r d b mom manually jyKjyifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ Registry Editor wGif rdrd topfxnfhvkdaom Language ID udk New String Value taejzifh jyKvkyNf yD; wefz;kd udk “1” [k owfrw S af y;

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb kd mv? 2007 ckEpS f

117

rsufESmzHk;aqmif;yg; vQif xdk language onf Language Tab wGif ay:vm ygonf/ (odkYaomf rnfonfhzkdifrQ r&Sdyg/) 6/ xdktcg Start Menu
Control Panel
Regional and Language Options
Languages Tab wGif ,cif MUI file rsm; install vkyfouhJodkY a&G;cs,fp&m rsm; ay:vmrnfjzpfonf/ (,ck vkyfief;pOfonf MUI Installer CD rvkdtyfyg/ zkdiful;wmu vGJvdkYaygh/) 7/ w½kwfpmwef;ygaom language udk a&G;NyD; OK vkyfvkdufygu atmufygtwdkif; ay:vmrnfjzpfonf/ xdktcg Log off & Log on vkyfvdkufyg/ xkdodkYrvkyfrD Control Panel
Display
Appearance Tab
Advanced Button
Select Menu in Drop down list
Select Myanmar Unicode Font in Font Name wGif MyMyanmar udk a&G;yg/

118

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tm;vHk;tqifajyvQif vkyfief;pOf tqifhqifhudk oifh oabmESifhoif jyKjyifMunfhyg/ (odyfruRrf;usifvQif uGefysL wm jyKjyifa&;pifwmwpfckckESifh pmcsKyfcsKyfxm;yg/ aemufwm yg? [J..[J) qufvufazmfjyygrnf/ pdkif;&efEdkif

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb kd mv? 2007 ckEpS f

(REVIEW)

AD'D,dk*drf;awGudk tEk ynmajrmuf ypönf;vdkY owf rS w f E k d i f r vm;/ 'g vwf wavm tjiif;yGm;rIyJ/ tcsKdU uawmh *drf;awGrSm upm;ol buf u tm;pk d u f x k w f r I ay;&w,fqdkjyD; w&m;0if yDjyifwJh art form tjzpfrS avQmh c s owf r S w f v d k M u w,f/ 'gayr,fh *drf;awGu a[mvD;0k'f puf,EÅ&m;rS w&pyfxkwfaewJh tnHhpm; Zmwfvrf;awGxuf rkid af ygif; rsm;pGm omvGefvmwJhtcg tvdktavsmuf wHkYjyefrIeJY uRrf; usif rI udk om rubJ oifh&JU usifh0wf? pdwf"mwf? pHjyK ideals eJY *drf;twGif; jzpfEkdifajc oifh&JU pdwful; tkdif'D,mawGtay:udkyg pdef ac:rIjyKvmwJhtcg b,fvdk jzpfvmrvJ/ 'DacwfMuD;xJrSm AD'D,dk *drf;awGu vrf;qHkvrf;cG

a&mufaew,f/ *&yfzpf½kyf xGufu tEkpdwf jywfom; vmjyD; "mwfyHkeD;yg; ppfrSef obm0usvmw,f/ *drf; awG&JU tjrifykdif;qkdif&m wif qufrIudk wdk;í aZmif;ay; jr§ifhwifvmMuw,f/ 'gay r,fh *drf;vkyfief;qdkwmu qef;opfwDxGifrIeJY rl&if;us rIudk pOfqufrjywf awmif; qdkaewJh t&mrsKd;/ *&yfzpf ykdif;rSm oGm;Ekdifoavmuf oGm;jyD;jyDqakd wmh developer awG[m zefpD effect awG xuf ausmv f eG w f hJ ndK§ U,lzrf; pm;rIawG&atmif topfjzpf jyD; pdwfvIyf&Sm;zG,f enf; vrf;awG MudK;pm;&SmazGvm& w,f/ tckqdk&if pdwful; pdwfoef; jzefYMuufrIeJY Zmwf aMumif; jyefrIudk ae&musjyD; enf;ynmokYd trDvu dk Ef idk af p zdYk&m tcsed u f sa&mufvYkd aeyg jyD/ AD'D,dk*drf; vkyfief;[m ½kyf&SifavmueJY tawmfMuD; udk tjydKifyHkpHjzpfvmwJhtcg Bioshock vd k *d r f ; rsKd ; ud k Citizen Kane eJY Casablanca vdk *E¦0ifvuf&majrmuf

½kyf&SifawGeJY EdIif;,SOfp&mjzpf vmw,f/ apmfapmfum;um; vdkY oifhyg;pyfu toHxGuf oGm;ovm;/ 'gav;udk pOf; pm;MunfhvkdufOD;/ ½kyf&Sif avmu vlrrnfb0 toHeJY a&mifpHkr&cifu
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb dk mv? 2007 ckEpS f

ART OF GAME

AD'D,dk*drf;awG zGHYjzdK;wdk;wuf vmrI tqiftuGufyHkpHawG uvnf; tJ'Dtwkdif; twd tusvku d yf gw,f/uRefawmf wdkY[m ½dk;pif;aom umwGef; ½kyf 8-bit graphics eJY midi sound effects uaejyD ; "mwfyHkuJhodkY ppfrSef obm0 usaom? ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;ae aom epfarsmp&m *drf;urÇm awGxrJ mS vSnv hf nfomG ;vm EkdifMujyD/ tck enf;ynmu &SdaejyDqdkawmh twm;tqD; tuef Y t owf q d k v d k Y *d r f ; 'DZkdifem&JU pdwful;pdwfoef;yJ &Sdygawmhw,f/ Medium wpfckvHk;udk tEkynmvuf &mvdkY w&m;0ifac:qdkEkdif avmuf a tmif ppf r S e f w J h vuf&majrmufypönf;wpfck

119

ART OF GAME vkyfjyzdkYyJ usefygawmhw,f/ Gone with the wind eJ Y Citizen Kane awGu ½ky& f iS f udk tEkynmajrmuf ypönf; jzpfatmif erlemjyEkdifcJhovdk rsKd ; Bioshock uvnf ; *drf;awGtwGuf tvm;wl vkyfay;ygvdrfhr,f/ ]]'DaeY tcgrS m wuú o d k v f a wG u ½k y f & S i f q k d i f & m oD t d k & D a wG oifMum;ay;Muw,f/ tJ'D vdkrsKd;yJ ckupjyD; aemufESpf 20 MumwJt h cg urÇmwpf0ef; wuúodkvfawGeJY AD'D,dk*drf; oDtdk&DawGudk oifMum;vm Mur,f/ tJ't D cg Bioshock udk medium MuD;wpfckvHk; tvSnfhtajymif;jzpfapcJhwJh t&mvdkY ½IjrifowfrSwfMu r,fvdkY}} &J&JMuD; tmrcHjyD; awmhudk ajymvkdufcsifao; w,f/ 'gayr,fh Bioshock udk 'Dvdk odrfarGY eufeJwJh vuf&majrmufypönf; jzpf atmif bmu vkyfay;wmyg vdrfh/ ZmwfaMumif;u pwif

(REVIEW)

csOf;uyfzdkY&m ae&maumif; jzpfvdrfhr,f/ ESpfumvu 1960? oif[m twåvEdÅwf ork'´&mtay: jzwfausmf ysH oef;aewJh av,mOfay:rSm c&D;onfwpfOD;tjzpf vkduf ygvmw,f/ uHqdk;csifawmh vrf;ckvwfrSm yifv,fxJ xdk;qif; ysufusw,f/ uH aumif;csifawmh rD;jywkduf wpfckudk rIefjyjyjrif&w,f/ uHq;kd csifawmh tultnDay; r,fh vloluif;rJhaejyD; a& atmufodkY ydkYaqmifay;wJh bathysphere ,mOf a v; wpf c k y J awG Y & w,f / uHaumif;csifawmha&atmuf xJrSm pdwful;,Of ,lwdkyD; ,m; pHjyjrdKUawmfMuD; &Sdae aMumif; awGY&w,f/ uHqdk; csifawmh tJ'D,lwdkyD;,m;rSm qdk;qdk;0g;0g; rSm;,Gif;jyD; t&m&m ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;aejyD wJh/ Bathysphere eJ Y a& atmufjrdKUawmf Rapture odYk oGm;&mc&D;vrf;rSm jrdKUudk

wnfaxmifcJhol Andrew Ryan u AD', D ekd YJ&iS ;f jyw,f/ ] 'gMu;D jzpfvmzdYk b,fol awGu usm;ukwu f sm;cJ acR; 'D;'D;us vkyaf qmifco hJ vJ/ tjcm;olr[kwfbl;/ 0g&iS f wefu vlajymw,f/ qif;&Jom;awGwhJ / tjcm;ol r[kwb f ;l / AmwDuefu vlajym w,f/ bk&m;ocifwJh tjcm; olr[kwb f ;l / armfpudu k vl ajymw,f/ vlwidk ;f yJw/hJ } usKyfu Rapture jrdKU awmfMuD;udk ezl;u acR; 'D;'D; usatmif MudK;pm; xlaxmifchJ w,f/ oifh&JU ezl;u acR;us &if v nf ; Rapture [m oif&h UJ jrdKUawmfMuD; jzpfvmEkid f ygw,f/ odkYuvdk &Sif;jyxm;av &JU/ tjcm;wpfenf;vSnahf jym &&if Rapture ay:xGef;vm &jcif;udpöuyHkrSefstandard

120

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb dk mv? 2007 ckEpS f

government &J U tcsKyf taESmif vGwfuif;&m ae&m xlaxmifzdkYyJ/ tawmfqkH;? txufjrufqHk;aom odyÜH ynm&SifawG? tEkynm&Sif awGtaeeJY acwfay: vlY tzGJYtpnf;u b,fvkdOya' usifh0wfawGrSrqdk tcsKyf taESmifvw G u f if;pGm rdrv d &dk m MudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifEkdifr,fh ae&mjzpfygw,f/ [kwfyg w,f/ tHharmzG,f ,lwdkyD; ,m;EkdifiHMuD;ygyJ/ 'Dawmh ½ky&f iS af wGrmS yHak zmfjyoavh&dS wJh ,lwdkyD;,m;twkdif; MuD; MuD; us,fus,f rSm;,Gif;rI awG jzpfukefjyD; edAÁmefa&muf zd k Y vrf ; puae i&J q ef w J h dystopia jzpfoGm;ygawmh w,f/ tJ'DrSm awmifudk&D; ,m;u 0lqyf[Gefvdk yk*dK¾ vf rsKd; a&mufoGm;ovm;rod bl;/ 'gayr,fh 'Dyk*d¾Kvfu awmh yifrqJvf tppfudk wu,f &SmawGYcJhw,f/Adam vdkYac:wJh j'yfaygif; wpfrsKd; vlom;awG&JU rsKd;ADZ

(REVIEW)

rS m awmh tJ'Dtwkdif;jzpfrSm r[kwfyg bl;/ Good and evil tMum; jcm;xm;wJh rsOf;u rIef0g; oGm;w,f/ BioShock [m rD;cdk;a&mif e,fajrxJrSm &Sd w,f/ jzpfysufvmorQu oifh&JU a&G;cs,frIawGtay: rl w nf w ,f / pG e f Y pm;cef ; twGif; oGm;vm vIyf&Sm;& wmu b,fvdk AD'D,dk*drf; rsKd;xufrqdk &Sifoef aysmh aysmif; vef;qwfvGef;ae r,f/ [kwfygw,f/ vrf; wpfavQmuf oif jyKvkyfcJhwJh aumif;jcif;? qdk;jcif;tay: yJ rlwnfjyD; *drf;u tqHk; owf ESpcf ak y;vdrrhf ,f/ 'gay r,f h *d r f ; ud k upm;wk d i f ; jzpfvmwJh vrf;aMumif;awG u rwl u G J j ym;vd r f h r ,f / 'g[m *drf;ZmwfaMumif; jzpf xGe;f ap&mrSm tvGe&f ifu h suf jyD; todÓPf&SdwJh enf;ay yJ/ 'g[m *dr;f &JUZmwfaMumif; jyefqdkjcif; qifhuJ wdk;wuf jzpfpOf taumif;qH;k enf; qdk BioShock

genetic ukdifwG,fjyKjyifrIudk

tqHk;r&Sd tuefYtowfrJh vkyfEkdifw,f/ qifhuJjzpfpOf u ESpf oef;aygif;rsm;pGm tcsed , f l vky&f r,fh DNA udk jyefa&;jcif;tm; csufcsif; vufiif; vkyfEkdifvmr,f/ 'gudkoHk;jyD; plygvlom; pGrf; &nfawG &vmEkid w f ,f/ 'gay r,fh Adam &JU ab;xGuf tusKd;u ½l;oGyfjcif;? yHkysuf jcif;? aoqHk;jcif;rsm;/ ,ck oif&ifqidk Mf uHKawGY&r,fh Rapture jrdKUawmfol jrdKUawmf om;awG[m 'Dypönf;aMumifh tvHk;pHk yHk,Gif;ysufaejyD/ BioShock &JU ZmwfaMumif; u euf½dIif; jynfh0ef;vGef; tm;MuD;w,f/ t"dutm; jzifh Brave New World, 1984 ,Animal Farm vdk dystrophic pmayvuf&m awGrS acs;iSm;&,lxm;wJh twGufygyJ/ a*smhcsfatmf0J om&Sdao;&if *kPf,lrdrSm trSefygyJ/ Bioshock &J U Zmwf

aMumif;u odyfudk xl;uJ aumif ; rG e f & jcif ; tjcm; taMumif;&if;u upm;ol [m ZmwfaMumif;twGif;rSm xnfh0ifrI jyK&ovdk cHpm;& wJhtwGufygyJ/ ol[m Zmwf vrf; tjzpftysufawG apmifh MunfholoufoufrQ r[kwf awmhyg/ Gears of War eJY Final Fantasy vdk tHharm zG,f*drf; awGYMuHKcHpm;rIawG rSmawmif oifhudk MudKwif owfrw S jf yD; tqH;k owfqo D Ykd wpfoa0rwdrf; qGJac:oGm; w,f/ b,favmufyJ xyfcg xyfcg upm;upm; Zmwf aMumif ; uawmh 'gyJ / tajzmif h w k d i f ; r[k w f w J h

ART OF GAME wm oufaojyaejcif; jzpf ygw,f/ Gears of War vdk *drf;rsKd;u vSyjyD; epfarsm p&m jzpf&if jzpfvdrhfr,f/ 'gayr,f h Z mwf a Mumif ; u enf;ynmudk trDrvkdufEkdif bl;/ BioShock rSmqdk&if awmh vkdufEkdifw,f/ BioShock qdkwm a&G; cs,frIawGeJY jyKvkyfxm;wJh *drf;/ ausmif;awmfa[mif;? a&S;a[mif;*dkPf; FPS vdk upm;csifovm;/ oabmyJ/ OD;aESmufydkoHk;&wJh csOf;uyf enf;tjzpf Adam eJY plyg obm0vGerf sKd;ADZ tqifjh rifh ,lrI jyKvkyfjyD; upm;rvm;/ jzpfygw,f/ pepfudk csKd; azmuf 0ifa&mufol hacker jyKvkyfum ywf0ef;usifudk oif&h efoal wG&UJ axmifacsmuf jzpfaprvm;/ rjzpfEkdifbl; qdkwm r&Sdbl;/ ZmwfaMumif; jzpfpOfawGukd tjynft h 0od&dS csifovm;/ toHrSwfwrf; awGtm;vHk; aumuf,lem; axmif y g/ oJ v G e f p awG

Knights of the Old Republic eJY Jade Empire vdk non-linear RPG awG r S m

awmif a&G;cs,frIqdkwm xif a,mifrmS ;rIrQomyJ jzpfw,f/ tJ'D*drf;awGrSm tqdk;vrf;eJY taumif;vrf; MudKuf&m wpf cka&G;/ oufqkdif&m tqHk; owfqo D YkdyJ a&mufomG ;r,f/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb dk mv? 2007 ckEpS f

121

ART OF GAME wpfppD qufpyf,yl g/ Rapture &JU usqHk;cef;udk tjynfh tpHo k &d r,f/ 'gawG tm;vH;k vspfvsL½IjyD; tkef;tkef;'dkif; 'dkif; action vIyf&Sm;rIawGyJ jyKvkyfcsifovm;/ jzpfwm ygyJ/ BioShock u oif *½krpdkufcsifwJh yHkjyif Zmwf aMumif;awG ZGwt f wif; ½du k f oGif;aerSm r[kwfygbl;/ 'D tHharmzG,fZmwfaMumif;udk ausmfcJhzdkY qHk;jzwf&if oifh twGufawmh MuD;rm;wJh qHk; ½HI;rIMuD;yJ/ 'gayr,fh oifh a&G;cs,frI t&ygyJ/ BioShock &JU yHkjyifZmwfvrf; trSefwu,f nd§KU,lzrf;pm; &jcif;taMumif;u AD', D *kd rd ;f medium &JU tm;omcsuf twkid ;f upm;&if;jzpfay:vm apwJhtwGufygyJ/ 'D Zmwf aMumif;[m ½kyf&Sifwpfum;? pmtk y f w pf t k y f v d k a wmif r[kwyf gbl;/ BioShock rSm oifjyKvkyfwJh a&G;cs,frIudk oifhbmom ar;cGef;xkwfzdkY 'D Z k d i f ; jyKxm;w,f / 'gud k wu,fvkyfEkdifwJh medium qdkvdkY AD'D,dk*drf; urÇmyJ &Sdyg w,f/ Rapture &JU tcef; wkdif;vdkvdkrSm csOf;uyf0if a&mufzYkd&m enf;vrf;toG,f oG , f & S d w ,f / rS e f w J h e nf ; qdkwmvnf; r&Sdbl;/ rSm;wJh enf; qdkwmvnf; r&Sdbl;/ oif&h UJ enf;qdw k myJ&ydS gw,f/ a&G;p&mawGu trsm; MuD;/ 'gaMumifh BioShock u olYudk tenf;qHk; ESpfcg

122

(PREVIEW)

jyefupm;zdkY awmif;qdkw,f/ twif;tusyfudk awmif;qdk wmjzpfygw,f/ 'grS ¤if;u ay;urf;wJt h &mawG uHv k pkH mG jrif&r,f/ ckupjyD; vaygif; rsm;pGmtMum 10 Mudraf jrmuf upm;jzpfw,fqdkygpdkY/ oif [m topftqef; wpfpHk wpfckawGYaeOD;r,f/ enf;AsL [mtopfawG prf;vkyfMunfh aeygOD;r,f/ aemuf BioShock udk tEkynmajrmufatmif wGef; wifay;r,fh taMumif;t&m wpfck&Sdw,f/ Rapture jrdKU awmfMuD;[m 1960 jynfhESpf rsm;qDu txufjrufqHk; aom odyÜHynm&SifeJY tEk ynm&SifawG xlaxmifxm; wmvdkY ajymcJhw,f r[kwf vm;/ 'Dawmh jrdKUawmf&JU

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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb dk mv? 2007 ckEpS f

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(REVIEW)

&Sdw,f/ ajcmufESpf? ckepfESpf t&G,f uav;rav;awGyg/ olwdkYu aq;xdk;tyfav; ukdifjyD; tavmif;aumifawG Mum; vSnfhvnfcsOf;uyfum Adam ypönf;awG jyefvnf pkaqmif;,lMuw,f/ olwdkY u bmrQtEÅ&m,frjyKayr,fh Adam ypönf; rjzpfrae vdk wJh oifeJY wpfrsKd;wpfzHk ywf oufvm&OD;r,f/ Little Sister awGudk umuG,f apmifha&SmufzdkY&m Zmwf a umif &S d a o;w,f / tJ'guawmh *drf;&JU mascot yHk&dyfvdkYvnf;qdkEkdifwJh Big Daddies jzpfygw,f/ olwdkY udk ESdrfeif;&wmcufw,f/ EdkYaeygOD;/ oifu little sisters awG? Big Daddies awG eJY b,fvdk ywfoufvm& ovJ/ tajzuawmh Adam u &&SdwJh plasmids awG aMumifh jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D plasmids awG e J Y rsKd ; AD Z ajymif;vJraI wG jyKvkyjf yD; oifh Zmwfaumifudk jyKjyiftqifh twef;jr§ifhum arSmf magic vdkrsKd; oHk;Ekdifygw,f/ oihf cE¨mudk,frS rD;awmufawG xGufatmif vkyfEkdifw,f/ Telekinesis eJY oifh&JU b,f bufvufukd Half-Life 2 &JU gravity gun vdkrsKd; oHk;Ekdif w,f/ Insect swarm eJY ysm; aumif tkyfvkdufMuD; oifh &efolqD csdef&G,fypfcwfEkdif w,f/ Enrage eJ Y &ef o l tcsif;csif; jyefvnf wkduf

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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb dk mv? 2007 ckEpS f

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126

(PREVIEW)

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(PREVIEW)

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128

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pD ; yG m ;a&; vkyfief; e,fy,fwpf&yfwGif *&yfzpfyHkazmfcsufrsm; zefwD;ay; &ef 'DZkdif;yHkpHxkwfxm;aom txl;*&yfzpf y½dk*&rfrsm; jzpf onf/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;onf *&yfzpfypön;f (wpfcgwpf&H wGif Z,m;rsm;? *&yfzpfrsm;udk &nfñTef;onf/) tenf; tusOf;om vkdtyfonf[k ,if;y½dk*&rfrsm;u ,lqxm;Mu onf/ *&yfzpfyHkrsm;? text Z,m;rsm;? zGJUpnf;yHkZ,m;rsm;? ukefpnfpD;qif;rI*&yfrsm;ponfwkdY jzpfonf/ Business presentation graphics wGif tcsuftvufESifh udef;*Pef; rsm;udk xnffhoGif;ay;NyD; ,if;owif;tcsuftvufrsm;tm; rnfuJhodkY azmfjyvdkonfukd owfrSwfay;&onf/ usefonfh tydkif;ukd *&yfzpfy½kd*&rfrsm;u wm0ef,lNyD; owfrSwfxm; onfh *&yfrsm;? Z,m;rsm; a&;qGJay;onf/ xkdYaemufwGif rdrdtaejzifh ukd,fykdiftoHk;jyK&ef *&yfrsm;? Z,m;rsm;ukd ydkrdk aumif;rGeaf tmif zefw;D ,lEidk o f nf/ Business presentation graphics rsm;pGmwGif disk ay:rS zki d rf sm;udk txl;aqmif&u G rf I e,fy,fqDokdY ydkYay;NyD; qvdkufum;csyfrsm; (slide) tjzpf zefwD;,lEkdifonf/ rdrdtaejzifh slide projector (qvdkuf um;jypuf)toHk;jyKNyD; qvdkufyHkrsm;ukd azmfjyay;Ekdifygonf/ Business presentation graphics.

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb kd mv? 2007 ckEpS f

uGefysLwmtbd"mef bufpHkvlxkqufoG,fa&; PC rsm; ay:vmonfhtcgwGif business presentation y½dk*&rfrsm;pGmonf toHk;jyKol\ *&yfzpf yHkazmfcsufrsm;wGif toHESifhvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk jznfhpGuf ay;vmMuonf/ þvkyfief;e,fy,fwGif vuf&Sdenf;ynmrSm ajcvSrf;usJusJjzifh wkd;wufaeygonf/ Bus master. uGey f sLwmxJ&dS bus udk xde;f csKyfaom device jzpfonf/ omrefqkdvQif ¤if;onf processor u vkyfaqmif

&rnf jzpfonf/ okdYaomf pGrf;&nfjrifh uGefysLwmrsm;wGif video adapter okdYr[kwf disk controller wdkYonf main memory jzifh data vsifjrefpGm ajymif;vJay;&ef bus udk xdef;csKyfEkdifMuonf/ t"duqkdvdk&if;rSm processor udk tvkyfr½IyfapbJ main memory ESifh qufoG,fí data udk ay;ydkYvufcHjcif;enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ uGefysLwmwGif bus master graphics card wpfck&Sdygu ¤if;onf omref graphic wpfcx k uf data udk ykí d vsifjrefpmG ay;ydYk í ½kyo f rH sm; ukd vsifjrefpGm a&;qGJazmfjyapEkdifonf/

Bus mouse. &&SE d idk o f nfh expansion slot wpfct k wGi;f odYk xnfhoGif;xm;onfh mouse adapter wpfckjzihf uGefysLwmodkY qufoG,f&onfh mouse wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ Bus network . Local area network rsm;xJwGif Apple Talk ESifh Ethernet wdkYu toHk;jyKonhf A[kdxdef;csKyfrI zsufxm;onfh uGef&uf topology jzpfonf/ Oyrmtm;jzihf bus network xJwGif wpfckwnf;aom qufoG,frIvkdif; jzpfonfh bus udk workstation rsm; tygt0if node twef; rsm;rsm;ESifh peripheral rsm;? file server rsm;u rQa0 oHk;pGJMuonf/ (yHkwGifMunhfyg/) Bus network wpfckwGif workstation wpfckonf message wkdif;udk tjcm; workstation tm;vHk;odkY ay;ykdYonf/ uGef&ufxJrSm node toD; oD;wGif oD;jcm; address wpfck&SdNyD; vufcH"mwfpD;ywfvrf;

aMumif;onf tjcm; message tm;vH;k udk vspv f sL½Ium node qDokdY ay;ykdYaeonfh message rsm;twGuf bus udk xdef; ausmif; wnfhrwfay;onf/ uGefysLwmrsufESmjyifay:wGif azmfjyay;aom av;axmifhcvkwfwHk;uav;jzpfonf/ Mouse pointer udk button ay:odkY csdef&G,fí click vkyfvkdufygu tvkyf wpfckckukd vkyfay;onf/ Oyrm Windows rS xGufvkdaom tcgwGif ‘‘Are you sure you want to leave’’ [lí message ar;NyD; ]] OK}} ESifh ]] Cancel }} [laom button ESpfckudk azmfjyonf/ OK button udk click vkyfvkdufyg uWindows rS xGufoGm;onf/ tvm;wlyif Windows 95 wGif uGefysLwmrsufESmjyif\ b,fbuf atmufbuf axmifhwGif start button &Sdonf/ ¤if; button udk click vkyfvkdufygu menu wpfckxGufvmNyD; vkd&mudk a&G;cs,f Ekdifonf/ Buttons trsKd;tpm;rsm;pGm&Sdaomfvnf; radio buttons ESifh push-buttons wkdYudk toHk;rsm;onf/ Radio button onf options rsm;pG m xJ r S Bud K uf & mwpf c k u d k a&G;cs,f&mwGif oHk;aombutton jzpfonf/ (check – box ESifh rwlyg)/ Push-button rSm action wpfckckudkvkyf&ef oHk;aom button jzpfonf/ Multimedia-applications rsm;pGmESifh tifwmeuf ay:&Sd www page wdkYwGif images ½kyfyHkwdkYukdbutton tjzpf oHk;xm;onfukd awGYEkdifonf/ ¤if;½kyyf w kH Ykd udk click vkyjf cif;jzihf wpfcck u k kd action vkyaf qmif aponf/ ¤if;wdkYukd omref button ESifh tac:ta0: uGJjym; ap&eftwGuf hot-spots [k ac:avh&SdMuonf/ Button.

Button bar. Microsoft Word. Works, Excel ponfwkdY uJhodkYaom application rsm;wGif menu bar \ atmufbuf wGif awGY&aom button rsm;pGm tpDt&D&Sdaeonhf bar wpfck

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uGefysLwmtbd"mef jzpfonf/ tqkdyg button toD;oD;wGif icon [kac:aom ½kyfyHkwpfckpD&SdMuNyD; button \ tvkyfaqmif&Gufcsufukd ukd,fpm;jyK&nfñTef;azmfjyonf/ Button &Sd ½kyfyHkonf rnfonfhtvkyfukd vkyfonfudk rcefYrSef;wwfygu mouse pointer udk tqkdyg button ay:wGif csdef&G,faxmufxm;NyD; puúefYtenf;i,fapmifhMunfhvdkufygu pmaMumif;i,fwpfck ay:vmNyD; button rnfonfh tvkyfvkyfonfqkdonfukd &Sif;vif;azmfjyay;onf/ Byte. Character wpfck odYk r[kwf 0 rS 9 txd *Pef;rsm;udk tNrJwrf;udk,fpm;jyKaom bit &SpfvHk;wGJ tkyfpkwpfck jzpfonf/ Oyrm 01000001 byte onf tu©&m A udk uk, d pf m;jyKonf/ Byte xJrS 0 ESifh 1 wkdif;onf tajctae ESpf&yf&Sdonfhteuf tajctaewpf&yfudk ukd,fpm;jyKMuonf/ 0 onf tydwf tajctaeudv k nf;aumif;? 1 onf tyGit hf ajctaeudv k nf;? ukd,fpm;jyKonf/ 0 ESifh 1 rsm;udk &SpfvHk;wGJtrsKd;rsKd; wGJpyf

oHk;jcif;jzifh uGefysLwmwpfvHk;xJrS tcsuftvuftm;vHk; jzpfay:vmonf/ C. uGefysLwm\ yxrqHk;aom hard drive ukd C [k oHk;avh&Sdonf/

1970 jynfhvGefESpfrsm;twGif; wDxGifcJhonfh tqifhjrifh bmompum;wpf&yf jzpfonf/ taxGaxG &nf&G,fcsuf twGuf toHk;jyKonfh bmompum;jzpfNyD; y½dk*&rfa&;ol taejzifh function [kac:onfh tydk command rsm;udk zefw;D apEkdifonf/ C jzifh jyKvkyfxm;aom erlem program udk atmufwGif azmfjyxm;onf/ C.

main ( ) int length, width area, circum length = 40 ; width = 30 ; area = length * width; circum = 2 * (length + width) print f (‘’length % 5 d\ n !! width); print f (‘’n\’’) % 5 d\ n!! print f (‘’Area % 5 d\ n!! area) print f (‘’circum ference % 5 d\n!! circum);

feature rsm; jznfhpGufay;onf/ C++ onf Windows ESifh Macintosh environment rsm;wGif run onfh *&yfzpfqi dk &f m application rsKd;rsm; twGuf vlBudKuftrsm;qHk; y½dk*&rfa&;

bmompum; jzpfonf/ ]]uuf&Sf}}[k toHxGufonf/ txl;tjrefEIef;jrifh odkavSmifa&;,EÅ&m; wpfckjzpfonf/ yifrrSwfÓPf\ t&ef aqmifxm;onfh tpdwftydkif;wpfck odkYr[kwf oD;jcm; wnf&Sd onfh jrefEIef;jrifhodkavSmifa&; device wpfckvnf; jzpfEkdif onf/ Personal computer rsm;wGif memory caching ESifh disk caching [lonfh caching trsKd;tpm;ESpf&yfukd toHk;rsm;onf/ Cache store okdYr[kwf RAM cache [k wpfcgwpf&H ac:avh&Sdonfh cache memory wpfckonf yifrrSwfÓPftwGuf toHk;jyKonfh ykdíaES;? ykdíaps;aygonfh dynamic RAM (DRAM) tpm; jrefEIef;jrifh static RAM (SRAM) jzifh zGJYpnf;xm;onfh rSwfÓPftpdwftydkif; jzpf onf/ Memory caching onf xda&mufrI&Sdonf/ tb,f aMumifhqkdaomf y½dk*&rftrsm;pkonf wpfckwnf;aom data odkYr[kwf instruction rsm;udk tBudrfBudrf access vkyfMu aomaMumifh jzpfonf/ þowif;tcsuftvuf trsm;pkudk SRAM xJwGif wwfEkdiforQ xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;jzifh uGefysL wmonf DRAM tm; access vkyfjcif;udk a&Smif&Sm;onf/ tcsKdU cache memory rsm;ukd rkdufu½dky½dkqufqm zGJYpnf;yHk xJwiG f xnfo h iG ;f wnfaqmufxm;onf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh Intel 80486 rkdufu½dky½kdqufqmwGif 8K cache memory yg&Sdonf/ Pentium wGif 18K cache wpfck yg&Sdonf/ ,if;uJhodkYaom internal cache rsm;udk wpfcgwpf&HwGif level 1(L1) cache rsm;[k ac:qkdMuonf/ acwfrD PC trsm;pkonfvnf; level 2 (L2) [kac:onfh external cache memory rsm;jzifh vmMuonf/ ,if; cache rsm;onf CPU ESifh DRAM Mum;wGif ae&m,lMuonf/ L1 cache rsm;uJo h Ykd yif L2 cache rsm;udk SRAM jzifh zGUJ pnf;xm;onf/ Cache.

wGif b,meDpxa&mufpf x&yfwDxGifonfh tqifhjrifhy½dk*&rfa&;bmompum; wpf&yfjzpfonf/ C language ay:wGif tajccHzYHG NzKd;a&;pepfwpf&yf jzpfonf/ C++ onf ,if;\a&SUu xGuaf y:onfh C wGif object tm;jyKonfh C++.Bell lab

130

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb kd mv? 2007 ckEpS f

uGefysLwmtbd"mef okdYaomfvnf; t&G,fykdí BuD;rm;Muonf/ Disk caching onf memory caching ESifh wlnDonfh oabmw&m; ESpfrsKd;jzifhyif tvkyfvkyfonf/ odkYaomfvnf; disk cache wpfckonf jrefEIef;jrifh SRAM tpm; orm;½dk;us yifr rSwfÓPfudk toHk;jyKonf/ Disk (¤if;ESifh uyfvsuf sector rsm;)rS vwfwavm xkwf,lxm;onfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk memory buffer wpfckwnf;wGif odrf;qnf;xm;onf/ y½dk*&rfwpfckonf disk udk t&ifqHk; ppfaq;onf/ Disk caching onf application rsm;\ pG r f ; aqmif & nf u k d ododomom wkd;wufaumif;rGefapEkdifonf/ taMumif;rl RAM xJrS tcsuftvuf 1 byte udk access vkyfjcif;xuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm ydkrdkjrefqefapaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ Cache xJwGif tcsuftvufrsm;udk awGU&Sd&onfhtcg cache hit jzpfonf[k ac:qkdMuonf/ Cache wpfck\ xufjruf xda&mufru I kd cache hit jzifh qH;k jzwfonf/ Cache system rsm;pG m onf smart caching [k a c:onf h enf;pepfwpf&yfudk toH;k jyKonf/ þenf;pepfwiG f system onf rMumcPtoHk;jyKonhf tcsuftvuftrsKd;tpm;udk rSwfrdEkdifonf/ Cache xJwGif rnfonfh owif;tcsuf tvufrsKd; odr;f qnf;xm;oiho f nfudk qH;k jzwf&onfh tvkyf rSm uGefysLwmodyHÜynm&yftwGif;wGif ykdí pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;onfh jyóemrsKd;udk azmfaqmifay;onf/

y½dk*&rfwpf&yfukd a&;qGJMuonf/ tqkdyg pufrsKd;udk uGefysLwm udef;*Pef;t& xdef;csKyfxm;aomud&d,m Computer – Numerical – Controlled (CNC) device

[k ac:onf/ ,if;ud&d,mrsm;onf y½dk*&rfxJrS ñTefMum; csufrsm;udk vkdufemNyD; pufypönf;tpdwftydkif;tm; owfrSwf onfh twkid ;f twm&&Sad tmif jzwfawmufypf&ef ud&, d mwpfck (vGefwpfacsmif;uJhodkYypönf;)udk a&TUay;onf/ ,if;ukd uGefysLwmtultnDjzifh ukefxkwfvkyfjcif; Computer – Aided – Manufacturing (CAM) [k ac:onf/ CAFS. Content addressable file store udk

(uGefysLwm toHk;cs 'DZkdif;) ukd twkdaumufac:jcif; jzpfonf/ ,aeY tif*sifeD,m rsm;ESifh 'DZdkif;yHkxkwform;rsm;onf taqmufttHkwpfck odkY r[kwf wpfpdwfwpfydkif;\yHkpHudk zefwD;&mwGif CAD y½dk*&rf rsm;udk rsm;pGm tm;xm;Muonf/ CAD jzifh 'DZkdif;yHkpHrsm;udk oH;k zufjrif yHpk rH sm;tjzpf zefw;D Ekid o f nf/ tao;pdwf trsKd;rsKd; a&;qGJEkdifonf/ CAD udk toHk;jyKjcif;jzifh tif*sifeD,m rsm;onf tpdwftydkif;wpfckukd wu,fwrf; rwnfaqmufrD ,if;tpdwftydkif;udk yHkay:wGif ppfaq;NyD; tm;enf;csufrsm;? tjypftemtqmrsm;udk &SmMunfhEkdifonf/ tcsKdUy½dk*&rfrsm; onf puf,EÅ&m;wpfck pdwfcs&jcif; &Sdr&Sd qHk;jzwf&eftwGuf pufuvlom;tay:wGif usa&mufaprnfh 'Pftm; (stress) udk prf;oyfppfaq;ay;Ekdifonf/ tpdwftydkif;wpf&yf okdY r[kwf pufypönf;wpfckudk xkwfvkyf&ef xkwfvkyfolu qHk;jzwfvdkufonfhtcgwGif y½dk*&rfa&;qGJolrsm;onf txl; uGefysLwmoHk; pufwpfvHk;tm; ,if;tpdwftydkif;udk rnfokdY jzwfawmuf&rnf? rnfuJhokdY vGefxGif;&rnfudk ñTefMum;&ef twGuf 'DZkdif;yHkpHxJrStwkdif;twmrsm;udk toHk;jyKxm;onfh

Munfhyg/

CAD. Computer–Aided Design

CAI. Computer – Assisted – Instruction udk CAL. Computer Assisted learning udk

Munfhyg/

Munfhyg/

calculated filed. Database y½kd*&rfwpfckwGif field entry wpfck odkYr[kwf wpfckxufydkí yg0ifaom rSwfwrf;

rsm;udk zefwD;Edkifonf/ rSwfwrf;wpfckpDwGif vlwpfOD;wnf;? ae&mwpfae&mwnf;? pufypönf;wpfrsKd;wnf;ESifhqkdifaom owif;tcsuftvuf rsm;&Sdaeonf/ Field wpfckpDwGif vl? ae&mESihf ypön;f rsm;ESiq hf idk o f nfh owif;tcsut f vufrsm;om &Sdonf/ Oyrm vrf;? vdyfpm odkYr[kwf w,fvDzkef;eHygwf ponfwYdk jzpfonf/ Calculated field wpfcw k iG f tjcm; field rsm;ukd toHk;jyKaqmif&Gufxm;aom wGufcsufrI&v'frsm; yg0ifaeonf/ Oyrm arG;ouú&mZfraS eí toufudk wGucf suf Ekid o f nf/ oH;k vpm ta&mif;pm&if;rsm;ukd aygif;jcif;jzifh oH;k v ywf ta&mif;pm&if;udk wGufcsufEkdifonf/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf)

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TUTORIAL

Effect 5: Basic ProMotion 1/Adobe Photoshop xJodkY 0ifyg/ File > New udk a&G;í W = 4000px, h = 3560 px, Resolution = 72, background = Transparet wefz;dk rsm; ajymif;í OK wGif click

ESdyfyg/

2/pm&GufxJwGif toHk;jyKvkdaom "mwfyHk 4 yHkudk ykHwGifjy xm;onfhtwkdif; tpOfvdkuf xm;ay;í yHkwpfyHkcsif;pDudk Window > Style xJrS DropShowdow Style ud k xnhfay;yg/ jyD;vQif Photoshop (.psd)Format jzifh odrf; ay;yg/ Photoshop udk ydwfay;yg/

132

3/Adobe Premiere pro xJodkY 0ifí project topfwpfck ,lxm;ay;yg/ File > Import udk a&G;í odrf;xm;aom psd file udk zGifhay;yg/ Dialog box usvmwJhtcg Imports As wGif Footage ESifh Layer Options wGif Merged Layers udk a&G;í OK wGif click ESdyfyg/

4/Project Window xJrS psd file ay:wGif Click zdqGJí Timeline xJ&Sd Viedo 2 track xJokdY qGJxnhfay;yg/ yHrk sm;udk a&TUvsm;rI jyKvky&f eftwGuf Keyframe rsm; xnhf í toH;k jyK&rSm jzpfygw,f/ Keyframe rsm;udk jrif&atmif video 2 pmom;ab;wGif&Sd ( ) Triangle wGif click ESdyfyg/ 'kw, d button jzpfaom show keyframe wGif click ESyd í f Show Keyframes udk a&G;xm;ay;yg/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb kd mv? 2007 ckEpS f

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TUTORIAL TUTORIAL

5/xkdYaemuf Video 2 track &Sd psd file ay:wGif Right click ESdyfí Speed/ Duration ukd a&G;yg/ Dialog box xJrS Duration wefzkd;wGif 1800 ½dkufxnhfí Enter acgufyg/ 18 puúefY MumcsdefowfrSwfwm jzpfygw,f/ Psd file &J U taetxm;ud k view Munh f & ef t wG u f Timeline atmufajcrS Trangle ay:wGif ab;b,fnm a&TUMunhfyg/

6/Monitor Window rS Effect Controls tab wGif click ESdyfyg/ jyD;vQif Home key udk ESdyfí Edit line udk tpodkY xm;ay;yg/ Effect Control xJrS Motion ab;&Sd arrow wGif click ESdyfyg/ Scale wefzkd;wGif 15 ½dkufxnhfí yHw k pfcv k ;kH jrif&atmif Munhx f m;ay;yg/ yHt k aetxm;ay: rlwnfí wefzkd;rsm; ajymif;vJowfrSwfay;yg/

ESifh ½dkufxnhfí yxryHkudk ay:wGif jrif&atmif ae&mcsdefay;yg/ wpfpuúefYae&mwGif rsm; xnhfoGm;ygvdrhfrnf/ ae&ma&TU&ef twGuf ay:rS yHkay:wGif zdqGJí ae&mcsxm; Edkifygw,f/ 8/ xJrS wGif 300 ½dkufxnhfay;yg/ xJrS ESifh ae&mwGif wGif ESdyfyg/ xJrS udk 500 ½dkufxnhfay;yg/ ay:wGif 'kwd,yHk jrif&atmif zdí qGJa&TUay;yg/

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7/Keyframe xnfh&ef Effect Controls xJrS Position ESifh Scale pmom;ab;&Sd Toggle animation button wGif click ESdyfyg/ Timeline xJ&Sd Duration wGif click ESdyfí 100 ½dkufxnhfay;yg/ Effect control xJrS scale = 35

wGif 700 ½dkufxnhfí tqifh 8 twkdif; ESifh ae&mwGif xnhfay;yg/

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TUTORIAL 10/ Duration wGif 800 ½dkufxnfhí pwkw¬yHkudk jrif&atmif shift key jzifh screen ay:rS yHak y:wGif tay:bufoYkd drag qGJay;í csdefay;yg/ jyD;vQif Duration udk 1000 ½dkufxnfh í tqifh 8 twkdif; keyframe xnhfay;yg/

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11/ Duration wGif 1100 ½kdufxnhfí pwkw¬yHk&JU scale wefz;dk udk 75 avmuf ½ku d x f nhí f jrifcsifaomae&m tpdwf tykdif;udk screen ay:wGif ae&mqGJa&TUay;yg/ Duration udk 1200 ½dkufxnhfí tqifh 8 twkdif; keyframe xnhfay;yg/

12/ Duration wGif 1300 ½dkufxnhfí scale wefzkd;udk 35 jyef½dkufí tqifh 10 rS ae&mtwkdif; jyefxm;ay;yg/ Duration 1400 ½dkufxnhfí tqifh 8 twkdif; keyframe xnhfay;yg/ 13/ Duration wGif 1500 ½dkufxnhfí wwd,yHkjrif&atmif screen ay:wGif shift-key zdí nmbufodkY darg qGJjyD; ae&mcsJUay;yg/ Duration 1600 ½du k x f nfí h tqift h wkid ;f keyframe xnhfay;yg/ 14/ Duration wGif 1700 ½ku d x f nhí f yHk 4 yHpk vH;k jrif&atmif scale wefzkd;udk jyefavQmhí ae&mcsxm;ay;yg/ Effect Control xJrS opacity wGif keyframe xnfhay;yg/ Duration 1800 ½du k x f nfí h opacity wGif 0 % ½du k af y;yg/ 15/ ae&ma&TU&mwGif taES;tjref Motion trsKd;tpm;rsm; ajymif;vkdygu position keyframe wpfckay:wGif Right Click ESy d í f Temporal InterPolation ESihf Special Inter-

134

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TUTORIAL TUTORIAL

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Figure 2-16 master documents twGuf command udk Outlining toolbar ay:wiG f &Sm,lEidk yf gvrd rhf nf/

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138

tavsmuf subdocument rdwfqufxm;onfh acgif;pD; ay: tajccHxm;aom trnfwpfckatmufwGif subdocument udkyg save vkyfay;onf/ 6/ subdocument wpfct k aejzifh vuf&dS document wpfck udk xnhfoGif;&ef oifhavsmfaom ae&mwpfckudk jyqkdí ae&mcsxm;ay;&onf/ Insert Subdocument cvkwf udk toHk;csEkdifonf/ Document udk a&G;axmufum Open cvkwfudk zGifh,ljyD; aqmif&Guf&onf/ ,cktcsdeftxd tm;vHk; tqifajyoGm;jyD[k ,lqEdkif onf/ Subdocument ESpfckudkvnf; yl;aygif;ay;Ekdifygonf/ (Outlining toolbar ay:rS Merge Subdocument [lonfh cvkwfudk click vkyfum aqmif&Guf,lEkdifonf) xdkYaemuf subdocument wpfckudk ESpfcktjzpfvnf; cGJxkwfay;Edkifyg onf/ (Outlining toolbar ay:rS Split subdocument [lonfh cvkwfudk toHk;jyKEdkifonf) xkdYtwl subdocument wpfcu k kd z,fxw k yf pf&efvnf; jzpfEidk yf gonf/ (z,fxw k rf nfh tydkif;udk select vkyfí Outlining toolbar ay:rS Remove Subdocument udk ESy d u f m jyKvkyEf idk o f nf) xku d o hJ Ykd z,fxw k f jcif;vkyfief; aqmif&Guf&mwGif tqkdyg subdocument wpfck onf master document \ content wGif qufvuf &Sdae wwfonf/ tvm;wludpu ö dk umuG,f&efESifh tjcm; subdocument rsm; ajymif;vJrI r&SdoGm;ap&efwdkYtwGuf Outlining toolbar ay:&Sd Lock Document udk toHk;csEkdifrnf jzpfonf/ Enable Several People to Edit a Document Simultaneously Annoyance Master documents \ yHkpHonf vkdtyfonfxuf vGef uJaom tajctaersm; &Sdaeonf/ Master document tae

jzifh vdktyfonfrSefaomfvnf; edrfhusaompau;wpfcktay: wGif wnf&Sdonf/ odkYaomfvnf; rdrdtaejzifh rdrdwdkY intranet ay:wGif document wpfcu k kd rdwaf qGEpS Of ;D ESit hf wl wnf;jzwf vkyfukdifvkdygonf/ Fix

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uGefysLwm*sme,f atmufwkdbmv? 2007 ckESpf






Word oifcef;pm 

Working Safely with Master Documents Master documents udk toHk;jyKjcif;ESifh ywfoufí wpfckck csKdU,Gif;csufaMumifh wpfckvHk; ysufpD; csKdU,Gif;oGm;rI r&Sdap&ef enf;vrf;[lí r&Sday/ taMumif;rSm word uRrf; usifolwkdif;u ysufpD;csKdU,Gif;Ekdifonfh tajctae&Sdonf[k ajymqdkcJhMujcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/ xdkYtwGuf master documents rsm;udk uki d w f , G t f oH;k jyK&onfh pDru H ed ;f wpfc&k adS ecJyh g u ysufpD;csKdU,Gif;rI rjzpfyGm;aprD tjyD;aqmif&GufEkdif&efom ta&;MuD;ygonf/ odkYygí atmufygtMuHjyKcsufrsm;udk tav;xm; aqmif &Gufoifhonf/ • Subdocuments ta&twGuf enf;EkdiforQ enf;aom ta&twGufudk xm;&Sd&rnf/ trsm;qHk; 15 ck? tck 20 xuf avsmhenf;aeap&rnf/ Subdocument ta& twGuf rsm;avav master document ysufp;D rI jzpfEidk f p&m tcGifhtvrf;rsm;avav jzpfonf/ • rdrduGefysLwmwGif RAM yrmP tajrmuftjrm; &Sdae jcif;&Sdr&Sd em;vnfxm;&rnf/ Word onf RAM toHk; jyKrI rsm;jym;avh&Sdonf/ (rnfrQ&Sdygu vHkavmufrnf enf;[k ar;jref;vmygu Word version ay: rlwnf onf[k ajzMum;&rnfhtjyif document \ ½IyfaxG;rI &Snfvsm;jcif;tay:vnf; rlwnfonf[k ajz&ygvdrfh rnf/ taocsmqHk;yrmPrSm 128 MB jzpfonf) • Options dialog box \ Save cvkwfay:wGif (Tools Options) ''Allow fast saves'' qkdonfhtcsufukd uncheck trSwftom;jyí "Always create backup copy" [lonfhtcsufudk check trSwftom; vkyfay; xm;&ygvdrfhrnf/

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•

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139







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140

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uGefysLwm*sme,f atmufwkdbmv? 2007 ckESpf

tqifh (1) 400 x 400 pixels t&G,f document topf zefwD;yg/ Background udk teufa&mifeJY

udk jznfhyg/

xl;jcm; vSywJh tvif;ayguf tutorial av;

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uGefysLwm*sme,f atmufwkdbmv? 2007 ckESpf

141

udk ac:,lyg/ Bevel and Emboss u vGJjyD; tjcm; effect awGu check trSwfawG jzKwfyg/ Bevel and Emboss twGuf atmufyg setting topfawG xnfhyg/

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tqifh (6) Ctrl + J udk ESdyfjyD; text layer udk yGm;yg/ Layer palette

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142

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uGefysLwm*sme,f atmufwkdbmv? 2007 ckESpf

tqifh (8) Ctrl+J

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Palette tay:u

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uGefysLwm*sme,f atmufwkdbmv? 2007 ckESpf

143

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Visual Basic.Net

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Visual Basic.NET jzifh program a&;om;jcif; Program (1) yk'w f iG f yg0ifrnfh tajccH tpdwt f ydik ;f rsm; jzpfMuaom Variables rsm;? data types rsm;? operators rsm;ESifh statements rsm;taMumif;wdkYukd ,cif tydkif; 1? 2? 3 wkdYwGif azmfjycJhjyD; jzpfygonf/ ,cktMudrfwGif selection statements rsm;taMumif;udk azmfjyoGm;ygrnf/ Selection statement qkdonfrSm rdrd\ program statements rsm;udk computer tm; tvkyfvkyfap &mwGif a&G;cs,fí tvkyfvkyfap&ef a&;om;xm;aom statements rsm;jzpfygonf/ Selection oabmw&m;onf structured programming oabmw&m; (3)rsKd;xJrS wpfck jzpfygonf/ VB.NET Language onf Object Oriented Programming (tjyKcHt&m0w¬Kay: tajccHaom) trsKd;tpm; [k qkad omfvnf; Structured Programming (pepfusaom)? Functional Programming (vkyfaqmifrIay:wGif rlwnfí tydkif;cGJEkdifaom)wkdY\ oabmw&m;rsm;vnf; yg&Sdygonf/ Structured Programming wGif construct (wnf aqmufyHk) odkYr[kwf concept (oabmw&m;) 3 rsKd; &Sdyg onf/ ¤if;wkdYrSm-

1/ Sequence (tpDtpOftwkid ;f tvkyv f yk af pjcif;) 2/ Selection (a&G;cs,íf tvkyv f yk af pjcif;) 3/ Iteration (xyfcgwvJvJ tvkyv f yk af pjcif;) wdYk jzpfMuygonf/ tpDtpOftwkdif; tvkyfvkyfapjcif;qkdonfrSm program statements rsm;udk tpOfvdkuftwkdif; wpfaMumif;jyD; wpf aMumif; tvkyfvkyfapjcif; jzpfygonf/ tykdif; 1? 2? 3 wGif a&;jycJhaom erlem program rsm;wGif xkdoabmw&m;udk awGU&ygrnf/ Selection oabmw&m;udk avhvmEkdif&ef erlem program wpfyk'fjzifh pwiffygrnf/

144

(4)

0 1 Imports System.Console 0 2 Module Module13 03

Sub Main() Dim n As Integer Write(“Enter a number: “) n = ReadLine()

07 08 If n > 9 Then 09 WriteLine(“Larger than 9”) 10 End If 11 WriteLine(“You entered “&n) 12 End Sub 1 3 End Module Program 4-1

Program wGif variable wpfck toHk;jyKxm;ygonf/ Line 05 wGif Write ( ) method toHk;jyKí console screen ay:wGif "Enter a number" [laom pmom;udk azmfjyxm;yg onf/ Line 06 wGif ReadLine( )method toHk;jyKí keyboard rS xnhfoGif;rnfh wefzkd;udk ,lxm;ygonf/ xkdYaMumifh program udk run vdkufvQif "Enter a number" [laom

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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f atmufwb kd mv? 2007 ckEpS f

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm erlem program tm; ESpfMudrf run jyxm;&mwGif yxr tMudrüf ''3'' udk xnhcf o hJ nht f cg program rS ''ODD'' [laom tajzudk jyygonf/ 'kwd,tMudrfü ''4'' udk xnhfcJhonfhtcg program rS ''EVEN''[laom tajzudk jyygonf/ ''If'' statement a&;om;&ef Syntax (pnf;urf;^o'´g) udk azmfjyygrnf/ erlem program aemufxyfwpfy'k u f kd qufvuf avhvm MunfhygOD;rnf/

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0 1 Imports System.Console 0 2 Module Module14 03 Sub Main() 04 Dim n As Integer 05 Write(“Enter a number: “) 06 n = ReadLine() 07 08 If n Mod 2 = 0 Then 09 WriteLine(“EVEN”) 10 Else 11 WriteLine(“ODD”) 12 End If 13 End Sub 1 4 End Module Program 4-2

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n = ReadLine() If n > 0 Then WriteLine (“Your number is POSITIVE”) Else WriteLine(“Your number is NOT POSITIVE”) End If End Sub End Module Program 4-3

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0 1 Imports System.Console 0 2 Module Module16 03 Sub Main() 04 Dim m As Integer 05 Write(“Enter the mark: “) 06 m = ReadLine() 07 08 If m >= 40 Then 09 WriteLine(“PASS”) 10 Else 11 WriteLine(“FAIL”) 12 End If 13 End Sub 1 4 End Module Program 4-4

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avhvmMunhfyg/ 0 1 Imports System.Console 0 2 Module Module18 03 Sub Main() 04 Dim n As Integer 05 Write(“Enter a number: “) 06 n = ReadLine() 07 08 If n > 0 Then 09 WriteLine(“POSITIVE”) 10 Else 11 If n < 0 Then 12 WriteLine(“NEGATIVE”) 13 Else 14 WriteLine(“ZERO”) 15 End If 16 End If 17 End Sub 1 8 End Module Program 4-6

0 1 Imports System.Console 0 2 Module Module19 03 Sub Main() 04 Dim answer As Integer 05 WriteLine (“1 + 2 = ?”) 06 answer = ReadLine() 07 08 If answer = 3 Then 09 WriteLine(“Correct!”) 10 Else 11 WriteLine(“Wrong!”) 12 End If 13 End Sub 1 4 End Module Program 4-7

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Sub Main() Dim n1, n2, correct, answer As Integer

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Dim objR As New Random n1 = objR.Next( 1, 10) n2 = objR.Next( 1, 10) correct = n1 + n2 WriteLine(n1 & “+“ & n2 & “ = ?”) answer = ReadLine()

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uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

JAVA DEVELOPER GUIDE Chapter (5)

5.2 USING THE JPROGRESSBAR (OR) PROGRESSBAR pmzwfol[m 0g&ifh programmer wpfa,muf r[kwfcJh &ifawmif omref user wpfOD;taeeJY ProgressBar awGudk awGUjrifz;l rSmyg/ teD;pyfq;kH OyrmtaeeJY ay;&&ifawmh pmzwf ol&JU computer xJudk software awG install vkyfwJh tcsdefyJ ayghaemf/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm awGUjrif&wJh install time rSm 0% to 100% txd wpfqifhcsif; wkd;NyD;rS jywmawG[m progress bar udk toHk;jyKNyD;awmh zefwD;xm;wmygyJ/ 'D progress bar awG[m trsm;tm;jzifah ygh Installed Shield awGrmS yg0if wwfygw,f/

Figure 5.6 A Program bar in a frame

Progress Bar awGudk toHk;cszdkYtwGufqkd&ifawmh Swing Package xJrSm yg0ifwJh JProgress Bar Class udk implemented vkyfNyD;awmh toHk;cs&ygvdrhfr,f/ wu,fvdkY rsm; JProgress Bar Class udk toHk;csxm;wJh Program

i,fwpfckudk azmfjyay;&r,fqkd&ifawmh atmufrSm azmfjyxm; wJh Figure 5.6 udkom avhvmMunhfvkdufyg/ Progress Bar awGudk toHk;jyKwJhtcgrSm trsm;tm;jzifh awmh minimum and maximum vlaue awGeJY represent vkyx f m;wwfMuygw,f/ t"dymÜ ,fuawmh ta&SUu oifMum; ydkYcscJhwJh JSlider vdkygyJ/ Beginning and ending twGuf ygyJ/ JSlider eJY uGmjcm;wmuawmh progress bar [m owf

rSwfxm;wJh time limiting twGif;rSm tvkdtavsmuf tvkyf vkyfwmygyJjzpfygw,f/ OyrmtaeeJYay;&&ifawmh software wpfckudk installation vkyw f meJYyJ &Si;f jy&rSmygyJ/ 'D software install vky&f mrSm file ta&twGuf 335 files udk transfered vkyf&r,fqkdygpkdY/ tJ't D cgrSm progress bar taeeJY task vky&f r,fh manimum uawmh 0 jzpfNyD;awmh maximum value uawmh 335 yJaygh aemf/ 'gayr,hf uReaf wmfwYkdtaeeJY install component time taeeJY awGUjrif&rSmuawmh 0 % to 100 % yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gqkd&ifawmh JProgress Bar eJY ywfoufwJh tcsuftvuf awGudk tajccHtm;jzifhawmh oabmaygufoGm;rSmygyJ/ uJ 'gqk&d ifawmh JProgress Bar class udk avhvmMunhf Mu&atmif/ JProgressBar class &JU constructor method awGudk t&ifavhvmMuwmaygh/ atmufrSm a&;jyay;xm;yg w,f/ • JProgress ( )

- Creates a new progress bar • JProgress (int, int) - Creates a new progress bar with the specified minimum value and maximum value • JProgressBar (int,int,int) - Creates a new progress bar with the specified orientation, minimum value and maximum value. JProgress

ukd toHk;jyKwJhtcgrSmawmh orientation_

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179

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm type taeeJYuawmh Swing Constants.VERTICAL eJY Swing Constants.HORIZONTAL qkw d hJ class constants type ESpc fu k kd ay;xm;ygw,f/ JSlider Class rSmvdyk gyJ/ bmrQ parameter. arguments udk xnhfa&;rxm;&if progress bar udk horizontal by default taeeJY xm;ay;rSmygyJ/ JProgress Bar awGudk toHk;jyKwJhtcgrSm minimum value eJY maximum value awGudk program bar rSm xnhf

udk false taeeJY xm;cJhr,fqkd&if label [m azmfjyay;jcif;r&Sdygbl;/ Off jzpfaerSmygyJ/ uJ 'Dawmh progress bar eJY ywfoufwJh program i,fwpfyk'fukd vufawGU a&;NyD;awmh avhvmMu&atmifvm;/ Listing 5.2 taeeJY a&;om;ay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/

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of JAVA

SetMinimum (int); SetMaximum (int); tp&Sw d hJ method awGukd toH;k jyKNyD;awmh oufqidk &f mtvku d f indicate vkyfvkdY &ygw,f/ wu,fvdkYrsm; pmzwfol[m progress bar udk update vkyrf ,fq&dk ifaygh/ SetValue (int)method udk toH;k jyKNyD;awmh rS pdwfBudKufzefwD;vdkYvnf; &ygw,f/ tJ'D value [m progress bar &JU minimum value and maximum Mum;rSm toH;k jyKEdkifzdkYtwGufygyJ/ uJ 'gqkd&if example taeeJY install vkyfwJhyHkeJY progress bar udk toHk;jyKr,fqkd&ifaygh/ tJ'Dtcg rSm installation files awG[m upload vkyfzdkYtwGuf atmuf

1 . import java.awt.*;

ygtwkdif; a&;om;ygvdrhfr,f/

arguments

Listing 5.2 Demonstrate the Progress bar

2 . import java.awt.event.*; 3 . import javax.swing,*; 4. 5 . public class program extends JFrame { 6. 7 . JProgress Bar current; 8 . JTextArea out; 9 . JBu/ tton find; 10. Thread runter; 11. int num = 0; 12. 13. public progress ( ){ 14. super ("Progess"); 15. 16. SetDefaultCloseperation (JFrame.EXIT_ ON_CLOSE);

int FilesDone = getNumber Of Files( ); install.sevalues (fileDone);

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180

17. JPanel pane = now JPanel ( ); 18. pane.SetLayout( )); 19. current = now JProgressBar (0,2000); 20. current. SetValue (0); 21. current.SetStringPainted (0); 22. Pane.add (cursent); 23. SetContentPane (pane); 24. } 25. 26. 27. public void iterate ( ){ 28. while (num < 2000){ 29. current.SetValue (num); 30. try { 31. Thread.Sleep (1000); 32. } catch (Interupted Exception 0) { } 33. num + = 95 34. } 35. } 36. 37. public ststic void main (string [ ] arguments){ 38. Progress Frame = now Progress ( ); 39. frame.pack ( ); 40. frame.setvisible (true); 41. frame.iterate ( ) ; 42. } 43. }

uGefysLwm*sme,f atmufwkdbmv? 2007 ckESpf

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qkdwJh Thread Class xJrSm yg0ifwJh Sleep ( ) method aMumifh object [m [JProgressBar Component [m] puúeYf tenf;i,f jcm;NyD;awmh sleep jzpfaerSmygyJ/

uGefysLwm*sme,f atmufwkdbmv? 2007 ckESpf

181

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm Note : uRefawmfhtaeeJY ,cktcsdeftxd roif&ao;wJh Exception Handling taMumif;eJY Thread Class awG

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Sleep ( ) method : The current running Thread object to sleep for the specified amount of time (mili second). The sleeping Thread object reatains whatever locks it may process.

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Figure 5.7 Write the program code_line in the Notepad, Progress.java

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Figure 5.8 Compile & Run of the Progress.java

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uJ tJ't D cgrSm command_line windows xJrmS ay:ae wJh oauFw[m atmufygtwkdif; ajymif;vJoGm;ygjyD/ C:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin >

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tJ'DtcgrSm compile vkyfvkdY error &SdcJh&ifawmh vkdif; eHygwfeJYwuG vma&mufNyD;awmh azmfjyay;rSmyg/ tJ'D Notepad xJrSmyJjzpfjzpf Save As vkyfNyD;awmh aemufxyf jyefNyD; awmh complie jyefvkyfayghaemf/ tu,fí error r&Sdawmhbl;

Figure 5.9 Run the Program, Progress.java

uJ tckazmfjyxm;wJh Figure 5.9 uawmh Listening 5.2 u code_line awGudk toHk;jyKNyD;awmh wnfaqmufxm; wJh program i,fav;ygyJ/ uJ 'Dawmh qufvufNyD;awmh Chapter (5) &JU sub_index taeeJY ykYd csay;xm;wJh 5.3 Using the JMenus qkw d hJ oifcef;pmudk qufvuf avhvmMunhMf u& atmifvm;/ KYAW ZAYAR LAY [ IT ENGINEERING ]

uGefysLwm*sme,f atmufwkdbmv? 2007 ckESpf

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