Nyclu Safety With Dignity

May 2020
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SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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CONTENTS Summary of Findings and Recommendations..................... 7

V. RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................... 43

I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 9

Discourage the use of metal detectors and install them only as a last resort following community approval ....................................................................................... 43

Impact of Harsh Discipline Policies .................................................. 10 Safe and Better Schools .................................................................................... 11

Adopt a school governance structure that restores discipline responsibilities to educators ..... 44

II. DATA AND METHODS ........................................................ 14

Place fewer School Safety Agents in city schools .......... 44 Mandate alternatives to harsh discipline ................................... 45

III. COMMON FINDINGS IN THE SUCCESSFUL SCHOOLS .................................................... 15

Encourage student input into school rules ............................ 45

Strong and Supportive Leadership..................................................... 15

Institute transparency and accountability in school safety practices ................................................................................ 45

Communication and Clear Lines of Authority between SSAs and Educators ............................................................ 17

Provide support services for students’ non-academic needs ....................................................................................... 46

Positive Alternatives to Excessive Discipline ....................... 18 A Student Voice in School Rules ........................................................... 20

APPENDIX A .......................................................................................... 47

Support Services for Students’ Nonacademic Needs..

Bushwick Community High School (Brooklyn) ............... 47 20

Empowered Pedagogical Staff and Close Teacher-Student Relationships ......................................................... 20

APPENDIX B .......................................................................................... 49 Sample Questionnaire......................................................................................... 49

School Culture of Trust and Respect ............................................. 21 List of Current and Recent Impact Schools ......................... 51 IV. PROFILES OF SUCCESSFUL SCHOOLS ..... 22 Progress High School for Professional Careers (Brooklyn) ..................................................................................................................... 23 Urban Assembly School for Careers in Sports (Bronx) .............................................................................................................................. 27 Humanities Preparatory Academy (Manhattan) .............. 30 Julia Richman Education Complex: Urban Academy and Vanguard High School (Manhattan) ............................... 33 Lehman High School (Bronx) ................................................................... 40

Notes .........

52

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4

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Figure 1. Police Involvement in Metal Detector Schools by Type of Incident

Source: NYC Department of Education, Annual School Report, 2004-2005.

SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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Figure 2. Number of Police Personnel vs. Number of Students (2001–2008)

/PUF1PMJDFQFSTPOOFMEBUBXFSFOPUBWBJMBCMFGPSBOE Source: Annual Mayor’s Management Reports; correspondence with NYPD; City Council hearings; news articles

SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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Figure 3. Student Demographics, 2006 – 2007

Source: New York State Education Department, “School Report Card” 2006-07.

SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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Figure 4. Graduation and Dropouts

/PUFiHSBEVBUJOHJOZFBSTwBOEiESPQPVUwBSFDBMDVMBUFEGSPNUIFOVNCFSJOUIFUPUBMDPIPSUPGUIFHSBEVBUJOHDMBTTPGBGUFSGPVSZFBST iHSBEVBUJOHJOZFBSTwJTDBMDVMBUFEGSPNUIFOVNCFSJOUIFUPUBMDPIPSUPGUIFHSBEVBUJOHDMBTTPGBGUFSZFBST Source: NYC DOE Research and Policy Support Group, “Graduation Rates, Class of 2007 (2003 Cohort),” 2008; and “The Class of 2004 Final Longitudinal Report: A Three-Year Follow-up Study,” 2008.

SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

II. DATA & METHODS

4

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SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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COMMON FINDINGS IN THE III. SUCCESSFUL SCHOOLS

5

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Figure 5. Noncriminal Police Incidents, 2005–2006

Source: NYC Department of Education, Annual School Report, 2005-2006.

SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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Figure 6. Percent of Students Planning to Attend a Four- or Two-Year College, 2006-2007

Source: New York State Education Department, School Report Card, 2006-2007

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IV. PROFILES OF SUCCESSFUL SCHOOLS

Table 1a. Demographics: Successful Schools vs. Metal Detector and Impact Schools

% White % Black % Latino % Asian % Male % Female % Free or Reduced Lunch % Limited English Proficient % FT Special Education

SUCCESSFUL SCHOOLS

METAL DETECTOR SCHOOLS

IMPACT SCHOOLS

9.7 26.9 58.1 4.7 53.6 46.4 73.6 7.2 6.5

5.8 43.0 43.0 7.7 51.8 48.2 71.0 14.0 7.0

6.1 42.0 41.4 10.0 52.9 47.1 70.4 18.8 8.9

Table 1b. Indicators of Success: Successful Schools vs. Metal Detector and Impact Schools SUCCESSFUL SCHOOLS

METAL DETECTOR SCHOOLS

IMPACT SCHOOLS

# Violent Incidents Per 100

61.6 12.2 80.2 82.0 82.1 42.6 27.1 0.12

# Property Crime Incidents Per 100

0.11

54.5 17.0 72.6 79.6 77.1 39.0 19.4 0.40 0.27

51.2 18.5 70.1/ 75.2 74.0 74.8 29.1 15.6 0.11 0.04

# Other Crime Incidents Per 100

0.53

2.92

0.85

# Non-Criminal Police Incidents Per 100

1.00

12.40

4.89

# Suspensions Per 100

4.01

7.06

6.25

% 4-Year Graduation % Dropped Out % 7-Year Graduation Average Daily Attendence % Student Stability % Planning 4-Year College % Planning 2-Year College

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PROGRESS HIGH SCHOOL FOR PROFESSIONAL CAREERS (BROOKLYN)

Table 2a. Demographics: Progress High School STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS % White % Black % Latino % Asian % Male % Female % Free or Reduced Lunch % Limited English Proficient % FT Special Education

PERCENT OF STUDENTS

1.5 34.4 62.4 1.2 44.2 55.8 67.6 11.9 6.7

Table 2b. Indicators of Success: Progress High School

INDICATORS

PERCENT OF STUDENTS

% 4-Year Graduation % Dropped Out % 7-Year Graduation Average Daily Attendance % Student Stability % Planning 4-Year College % Planning 2-Year College # Violent Incidents Per 100 # Property Crime Incidents Per 100 # Other Crime Incidents Per 100 # Non-Criminal Police Incidents Per 100 # Suspensions Per 100

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65.5 5.8 84.2 80.0 80.0 48.0 24.0 0.1 0.2 0.8 1.0 4.2

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SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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URBAN ASSEMBLY SCHOOL FOR CAREERS IN SPORTS (BRONX)

Table 3a. Demographics: Urban Assembly for Careers in Sports STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS % White % Black % Latino % Asian % Male % Female % Free or Reduced Lunch % Limited English Proficient % FT Special Education

PERCENT OF STUDENTS

1.2 31.7 66.1 0.6 69.9 30.1 80.4 1.6 0.3

Table 3b. Indicators of Success: Urban Assembly for Careers in Sports INDICATORS

PERCENT OF STUDENTS

% 4-Year Graduation % Dropped Out % 7-Year Graduation Average Daily Attendance % Student Stability % Planning 4-Year College % Planning 2-Year College # Violent Incidents Per 100 # Property Crime Incidents Per 100 # Other Crime Incidents Per 100 # Non-Criminal Police Incidents Per 100 # Suspensions Per 100

SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

86.8 3.9 N/A 87.0 87.0 16.0 4.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 2.2 3.9

5

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SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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HUMANITIES PREPARATORY ACADEMY (MANHATTAN)

Table 4a. Demographics: Humanities Prep STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS % White % Black % Latino % Asian % Male % Female % Free or Reduced Lunch % Limited English Proficient % FT Special Education

PERCENT OF STUDENTS

10.5 36.8 46.8 5.8 49.1 50.9 N/A 2.3 2.4

Table 4b. Indicators of Success: Humanities Prep

INDICATORS % 4-Year Graduation % Dropped Out % 7-Year Graduation Average Daily Attendance % Student Stability % Planning 4-Year College % Planning 2-Year College # Violent Incidents Per 100 # Property Crime Incidents Per 100 # Other Crime Incidents Per 100 # Non-Criminal Police Incidents Per 100 # Suspensions Per 100

SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

PERCENT OF STUDENTS

64.8 5.6 92.6 81.0 81.0 63.0 31.0 0.2 0.2 0.7 1.4 10.1

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SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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JULIA RICHMAN EDUCATION COMPLEX: URBAN ACADEMY AND VANGUARD HIGH SCHOOL (MANHATTAN)

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Table 5b. Indicators of Success: Vanguard

Table 5a. Demographics: Vanguard STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS % White % Black % Latino % Asian % Male % Female % Free or Reduced Lunch % Limited English Proficient % FT Special Education

PERCENT OF STUDENTS

8.4 33.0 54.2 1.6 53.0 47.0 77.5 5.8 3.0

INDICATORS

PERCENT OF STUDENTS

67.7 6.5 76.5 81.0 81.0 78.0 20.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3

% 4-Year Graduation % Dropped Out % 7-Year Graduation Average Daily Attendance % Student Stability % Planning 4-Year College % Planning 2-Year College # Violent Incidents Per 100 # Property Crime Incidents Per 100 # Other Crime Incidents Per 100 # Non-Criminal Police Incidents Per 100 # Suspensions Per 100

Table 6a. Demographics: Urban Academy STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS % White % Black % Latino % Asian % Male % Female % Free or Reduced Lunch % Limited English Proficient % FT Special Education

PERCENT OF STUDENTS

34.4 37.4 24.4 3.8 40.7 59.3 33.6 1.5 N/A

Table 6b. Indicators of Success: Urban Academy

INDICATORS % 4-Year Graduation % Dropped Out % 7-Year Graduation Average Daily Attendance % Student Stability % Planning 4-Year College % Planning 2-Year College # Violent Incidents Per 100 # Property Crime Incidents Per 100 # Other Crime Incidents Per 100 # Non-Criminal Police Incidents Per 100 # Suspensions Per 100

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PERCENT OF STUDENTS

37.0 0 90.9 94.0 94.0 80.0 5.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.8

+

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SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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LEHMAN HIGH SCHOOL (BRONX)

Table 7b. Indicators of Success: Lehman

Table 7a. Demographics: Lehman STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS % White % Black % Latino % Asian % Male % Female % Free or Reduced Lunch % Limited English Proficient % FT Special Education

PERCENT OF STUDENTS

11.8 23.4 58.2 6.1 55.5 44.5 75.5 6.9 7.4

INDICATORS % 4-Year Graduation % Dropped Out % 7-Year Graduation Average Daily Attendance % Student Stability % Planning 4-Year College % Planning 2-Year College # Violent Incidents Per 100 # Property Crime Incidents Per 100 # Other Crime Incidents Per 100 # Non-Criminal Police Incidents Per 100 # Suspensions Per 100

SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

PERCENT OF STUDENTS

58.2 16.1 78.5 82.0 82.0 40.0 32.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.8 4.1

8

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SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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RECOMMENDATIONS V.

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5IJT SFQPSU SFDPNNFOET UIF GPMMPXJOH UP UIF %FQBSUNFOU PG &EVDBUJPO Discourage the use of metal detectors and install them only as a last resort, for a limited period of time and following community approval.

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dopt a school governance structure that restores discipline responsibilities to educators.

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SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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Mandate alternatives to harsh discipline.

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Provide support services for students’ nonacademic needs.

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SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

APPENDIX A BUSHWICK COMMUNITY HIGH SCHOOL (BROOKLYN) Table A1a. Demographics: Bushwick Community STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS % White % Black % Latino % Asian % Male % Female % Free or Reduced Lunch % Limited English Proficient % FT Special Education

PERCENT OF STUDENTS

1.6 43.2 54.6 0.5 44.3 55.7 96.8 4.3 0.8

Table A1b. Indicators of Success: Bushwick Community

INDICATORS

PERCENT OF STUDENTS

% 4-Year Graduation % Dropped Out % 7-Year Graduation Average Daily Attendance % Student Stability % Planning 4-Year College % Planning 2-Year College # Violent Incidents Per 100 # Property Crime Incidents Per 100 # Other Crime Incidents Per 100 # Non-Criminal Police Incidents Per 100 # Suspensions Per 100

0

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6.2 38.5 38.0 65.0 65.0 79.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 4.3 1.1

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STUDENT VOICE IN SCHOOL RULES

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New York City Department of Education Website http://schools.nyc.gov/Offices/OMPG/TransferHighSchools/default.htm. Tira Randall, personal interview, 13 Aug. 2008. + Aaron Boyle personal interview, 23 Sept. 2008. q Ibid. Aaron Boyle personal interview, 23 Sept. 2008. *

†

SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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Tira Randall, personal interview, 13 Aug. 2008. Aaron Boyle, personal interview, 23 Sept. 2008. qq Niel Pergamant, personal interview, 23 Sept. 2008. *** Millie Lopez-Martir, personal interview, 23 Sept. 2008. ††† Tira Randall, personal interview, 13 Aug. 2008. Ibid. qqq Tira Randall, personal interview, 13 Aug. 2008. **** Aaron Boyle, personal interview, 23 Sept. 2008. †††† Neil Pergamant, personal interview, 23 Sept. 2008. ++++ Millie Lopez-Martir, personal interview, 23 Sept. 2008. qqqq Ibid. ***** Elizabeth Billingsea, personal interview, 23 Sept. 2008. ††

SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

A SCHOOL CULTURE OF TRUST AND RESPECT

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APPENDIX B SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE 5IFRVFTUJPOOBJSFTVTFEUPJOUFSWJFXUFBDIFST TUVEFOUT 44"T QBSFOUTBOEBENJOJTUSBUPSTGPSUIJTSFQPSUBSFPOGJMFXJUIUIF/FX :PSL$JWJM-JCFSUJFT6OJPO#FMPXJTBTBNQMFRVFTUJPOOBJSFVTFEUPJOUFSWJFXTDIPPMBENJOJTUSBUPST INTRO

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SCHOOL RULES

%PFTUIFTDIPPMIBWFSVMFTPSBDPEFPGDPOEVDU "SFUIFZFGGFDUJWF %PZPVIBWFBOZJOGMVFODFJOTFUUJOHTUBOEBSETGPSTUVEFOUCFIBWJPS †††††%PFTBOZPOFFMTF %PFTUIJTTDIPPMFODPVSBHFPQQPSUVOJUJFTGPSTUVEFOUTUPEFDJEFUIJOHTMJLFTDIPPMSVMFT %PFTUIJTTDIPPMDMFBSMZDPNNVOJDBUFUPTUVEFOUTUIFDPOTFRVFODFTPGCSFBLJOHTDIPPMSVMFT %PUFBDIFSTBOETUBGGFYQMBJOUIFSFBTPOTGPSSVMFT ******)PX

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"SFZPVSTDIPPMTTBGFUZQPMJDJFTFGGFDUJWF 8IZ %PFTUIJTTDIPPMIBWFBXFMMVOEFSTUPPEQSPDFEVSFUPEFBMXJUIDSJNJOBMJODJEFOUT /PODSJNJOBM JODJEFOUT qqqqqq "SFUIFSFXSJUUFOHVJEFMJOFTPOTBGFUZQSPDFEVSFT %PUIFFEVDBUPSTBOE44"TXPSLDPPQFSBUJWFMZUPLFFQUIFTDIPPMTBGF %PFEVDBUPSTBOE44"TNFFUDPMMBCPSBUJWFMZUPEJTDVTTTBGFUZQPMJDJFTBOEJODJEFOUT )PXPGUFO 1MFBTFEFTDSJCFXIBUXPVMEIBQQFOJOZPVSTDIPPMJOUIFGPMMPXJOHTJUVBUJPOTBOEXIJDITUBGGNFNCFST XPVMECFJOWPMWFE P "TUVEFOUBSSJWFTNJOVUFTMBUFUPTDIPPM P "GJHIUCSFBLTPVUJOUIFIBMMXBZBOEPOFPGUIFTUVEFOUTIBTBLOJGF P "TUVEFOUSFGVTFTUPSFNPWFIJTIBUXIFOBTLFECZBUFBDIFS

Consortium on Chicago School Research, Surveys of CPS Schools, 2007. CA Dept. of Education, California Healthy Kids Survey, 2006. qqqqq CA Dept. of Education, California Healthy Kids Survey, 2006. ****** Belden Russonello and Stewart, Annotated questionnaire: survey of 1000 public high school students in New York City for Citizen’s Committee for Children of New York, 2001. †††††† CA Dept. of Education, California Healthy Kids Survey, 2006. Belden Russonello and Stewart, Annotated questionnaire: survey of 1000 public high school students in New York City for Citizen’s Committee for Children of New York, 2001. qqqqqq CA Dept. of Education, California Healthy Kids Survey, 2006. †††††

SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

SSAS

)PXFGGFDUJWFBSFZPVS44"TBUQSFWFOUJOHJODJEFOUT CSFBLJOHVQJODJEFOUT SFQPSUJOHJODJEFOUT ******* )PXXPVMEZPVEFTDSJCFUIFSFMBUJPOTIJQCFUXFFO44"TBOEUIFGPMMPXJOHHSPVQTBUZPVSTDIPPM UFBDIFST BENJOJTUSBUPST PUIFSTUBGG TUVEFOUT QBSFOUT ††††††† %PZPVGFFMZPVIBWFBVUIPSJUZPWFS44"T %PZPVGFFMUIBUUIFFEVDBUPSTSVOUIFTDIPPM BTPQQPTFEUPUIF44"T %PZPVIBWFBOZJOGMVFODFJOIJSJOHOFX44"T %PZPVIBWFBOZJOGMVFODFJOSFNPWJOH44"T qqqqqqq

SECURITY MEASURES

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PERCEPTIONS OF SAFETY IN SCHOOL

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SAFETY AND VIOLENCE PREVENTION PROGRAMMING

8IBUNBLFTZPVSTDIPPMBTBGFDPNNVOJUZ %PFTUIJTTDIPPMQSPWJEFDPOGMJDUSFTPMVUJPOJOTUSVDUJPO %PFTUIJTTDIPPMQSPWJEFIBSBTTNFOUPSCVMMZJOHQSFWFOUJPO qqqqqqqq %PFTUIJTTDIPPMVTFBOZSFTUPSBUJWFKVTUJDFQSBDUJDFTTVDIBTQFFSNFEJBUJPOPSQFFSKVSJFT %PFTUIJTTDIPPMVTFNFOUPSJOH

DISCIPLINE PROCESS %PFTUIJTTDIPPMIBOEMFEJTDJQMJOFQSPCMFNTGBJSMZ ********* $BOZPVHJWFBOFYBNQMFPGEJTDJQMJOFJOZPVSTDIPPM

******* Belden Russonello and Stewart, Annotated questionnaire: survey of 1000 public high school students in New York City for Citizen’s Committee for Children of New York, 2001. ††††††† Belden Russonello and Stewart, Annotated questionnaire: survey of 1000 public high school students in New York City for Citizen’s Committee for Children of New York, 2001. Consortium on Chicago School Research, Surveys of CPS Schools, 2007. qqqqqqq Consortium on Chicago School Research, Surveys of CPS Schools, 2007. ******** Belden Russonello and Stewart, Annotated questionnaire: survey of 1000 public high school students in New York City for Citizen’s Committee for Children of New York, 2001. †††††††† Consortium on Chicago School Research, Surveys of CPS Schools, 2007. CA Dept. of Education, California Healthy Kids Survey, 2006. qqqqqqqq CA Dept. of Education, California Healthy Kids Survey, 2006. ********* CA Dept. of Education, California Healthy Kids Survey, 2006. ††††††††† CA Dept. of Education, California Healthy Kids Survey, 2006. CA Dept. of Education, California Healthy Kids Survey, 2006. qqqqqqqqq CA Dept. of Education, California Healthy Kids Survey, 2006.

SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT

"SFQBSFOUTWFSZJOWPMWFEJOZPVSTDIPPM %PFTUIFTDIPPMJOWPMWFNPTUQBSFOUTJOTDIPPMFWFOUTPSBDUJWJUJFT ††††††††† %PFTUIFTDIPPMFODPVSBHFPQQPSUVOJUJFTGPSQBSFOUTUPEFDJEFUIJOHTMJLFDMBTTBDUJWJUJFTPSSVMFT %PFTUIJTTDIPPMDPMMBCPSBUFXFMMXJUIDPNNVOJUZPSHBOJ[BUJPOTUPIFMQBEESFTTUIJOHTMJLFTVCTUBODFBCVTFPS PUIFSQSPCMFNTBNPOHZPVUI qqqqqqqqq

DEMOGRAPHICS

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RECENT IMPACT SCHOOLS Abraham Lincoln High School, 2005

Abraham Lincoln High School, 2006

Adlai E. Stevenson High School, 2005

Canarsie High School, 2006

Canarsie High School, 2005

Christopher Columbus High School, 2006

Christopher Columbus High School, 2005

Harry S. Truman High School, 2006

Evander Childs High School, 2005

John Brown High School, 2006

Harry S. Truman High School, 2005

John F. Kennedy High School, 2006

High School for Service & Learning at Erasmus (K539), 2005

Lafayette High School, 2006

High School for Youth & Community Development at Erasmus (K537), 2005 John Brown High School, 2005 Lafayette High School, 2005 Norman Thomas High School, 2005

Newton High School, 2006 Norman Thomas High School, 2006 Samuel J. Tilden High School, 2006 Sheepshead Bay High School, 2006 Walton High School, 2006

Samuel J. Tilden High School, 2005 Science, Technology & Research Early College High School at Erasmus (K543), 2005 Sheepshead Bay High School, 2005 Springfield Gardens High School, 2005 Theodore Roosevelt High School, 2005 Thomas Jefferson High School, 2005 Walton High School, 2005

SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

NOTES

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*CJE

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SAFETY WITH DIGNITY

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