Nutraceuticals India

HADSA HEALTH FOODS AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS ASSOCIATION Registered as Public Trust under Section 18 of the Bombay Public Trust Act, 1950 (Regn. No.641 dt. 29-04-2004) (Formerly Indian Health Foods And Dietary Supplements Association - INHADSA) Admin.Off: 1001, Dalamal House,10th flr. Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021 Tel: 91 22 2287 2557/58/59 - Fax: 91 22 2287 2560 Regd.Off: 4/23, Margdarshan, NS Phadke Road, Andheri-East, Mumbai-400 069 Tel: 91 22 2683 6013 - Fax: 91 22 2682 6138 Email: [email protected] Website: www.hadsa.com (Member of International Alliance of Dietary Supplements Association - IADSA - www.iadsa.org)

HADSA NEWSLETTER (1st Week) Breaking News on Nutraceuticals & Supplements- No.0511

Dated 5th November 2008 NEWS FROM INDIA LATEST NEWS With IADSA taking initiatives in the development of Scientific areas and world markets of Dietary and Nutraceutical the industry is set to get an structured impetus. India also took a cue from this and sent a delegation to the Supplyside West at Las Vegas which was held at the Venetian Sands from 22nd to 24th October, 2008. It was a modest beginning to Indias offshore marketing efforts. India will be well represented by suppliers and finished goods manufacturers at the Natural Products Expo West, starting March 5-8, 2009 Please click : http://www.expowest.com/ew09/public/enter.aspx for more information. India is preparing the growth path for the Nutraceutical Industry with new legislations being introduced in the coming months by the newly formulated Food Safety Standards Authority, the apex body for Food and Nutrition. As per estimates nutraceuticals market in 2007 was INR18.75 billion and expected to grow at 20% CAGR to achieve a market size of INR27 billion in 2009. Global nutraceuticals market is estimated at USD120 billion in 2007 growing at 7% (CAGR). Indian nutraceutical market is Indian Food Supplements composedof food supplements and

vitamins

supplements. nutraceuticals vitamins

have

and

mineral

In

the market,

remained

a

Indian Food supplements Segmentation (2007) Sports Protein Products Powder 2% 5% Pediatric Nutrition 5% Fruit based Products 6% Malted Beverages 30%

Source: Cygnus research

Clinical Products 2% Food products and supplemen ts 50%

major category. Food supplements include food products and supplements, malted beverages, protein powder, paediatric nutrition, fruit-based products, sports products, and clinical products; the segment is valued at INR11.25 billion in 2007. In food supplements, the major share is held by food products and supplements (artificial sweetener, meal replacer, and ginsengs), valued at INR5.63 billion in 2007. Nutraceutical market is in the initial

Vitamin & Mineral Supplements

stages of development and is growing

Indian Vitamins Minerals supplements Segmentation 2007

at double digit. In 2007, Indian nutraceutical market was estimated at INR18.75 billion and is growing at the

Antioxidant s 15%

Protein suppliment s 16%

Multivitami ns 20%

VitamminB12& Metabolites 11%

Vitamin-B Complex 30%

VitaminsC+Mineral s 5%

Enternal nutrition 3%

CAGR rate of 21.23%; it is estimated to reach INR27 billion in 2009. In food supplements, the major share is held by food products and supplements

Source: ORG-MAT, Cygnus research

(artificial sweetener, meal replacer, and ginsengs), valued at INR5.63 billion in 2007. The next major pie is held by malted beverages (Horlicks, Complan, Bournvita, Boost, and Red Bull), valued at INR3.38 billion. Boost and Horlicks are the top beverages brands

growing

in

nutraceutical

sector. The third major segment is fruit-based products (Real, Tropican), valued at INR0.68 billion. It is followed by Pediatric Nutrition (Lactogen, Lactodex, Dexaloc, Pediasure), valued at INR0.56 billion. Protein powder, sports products, and clinical products are valued at INR0.56 billion, INR0.23 billion and INR0.23 billion respectively.

Indian Nutraceutical Market Size 30

India has huge opportunity when it products

in

nutraceuticals.

25 INR Billion

comes to ayurvedic, herbal and natural

Indian Nutraceutical Market Size, 20052009

27

22.5 18.75

20 15 15

12.5

10 5 0 2005

2006

Source: Cygnus Research

2007E

2008E

2009E

Nutraceutical Ayurvedic products like neem, tulsi, amla, psyillum, fish oil and brahmi have been used over the years for various treatments. GROWTH DRIVERS

Consumers are also increasingly concerned about lifestyle-related diseases - mostly known in India which includes obesity, hypertension, and high lipid and blood sugar levels. Factors driving the market include growing consumer interest in a healthy diet and lifestyle, rising healthcare costs, and an aging population. Demographic factors like age group, per capita income, lifestyle, food habits and increase in diseases are the major growth factors on which the growth of health supplements depends.  Ageing population The converging economic and demographic trends in India have laid the groundwork for opportunity in nutraceuticals. Currently the population pyramid in India has a wide base at the bottom from uncontrolled birth rates, and a small point at the top from lower-than-average life expectancies. The ageing population will increase, and demand for supplements and functional foods related to age-related conditions will certainly grow at double-digit rates. There are 516 million people between the ages of 20-55 today; that number will grow to 800 million in the next 40 years.  Changing lifestyle

Growth in diseases related to life style (FY2006)

Growth in Indian economy has 30 %

been not only influencing and

25 %

levels but it is also bringing a drastic change in the life-style of

the

Indian

%

20 %

resulting in growth of income

15 % 10 % 5% 0% Diabet es

Cancer

O besit y

Chro nic

population

mainly in the urban region. Urban population in India is

Source: Indiastat.com, WHO & Cygnus Research

growing at a drastic rate which is expected to increase from less than 29% of total

population in 2006 to more 33% by 2020. Diseases that are related to the life-style of the people are showing higher growth.  Increasing medical costs Fastest life style disease segment such as Anti Diabetic segment, Cardio Vascular segment and Central Nervous System are driving the demand for multi-specialty and super-specialty healthcare services which in turn escalates the treatment costs. Exponential increase in expenditures within the health care system is forcing many consumers to seek out more cost-effective alternatives to those being provided by traditional forms of high cost professional and structured medicine. In the poorest countries, people with diabetes and their families bear almost the entire cost of whatever medical care they can afford. In Latin America families pay 40-60% of diabetes care costs out of their own pockets.  High spending power Working population of India is expected to reach 64.2% of the total population by FY2021, according to the projections constituted by The National Commission of Population, India. This will imply higher income level of people and their better ability to spend on health care products. Supplements are generally consumed in addition to the normal diet and as such are not part of the core spending on lifestyle essentials. Current disposable income per head in India, (in international dollar ($) PPP terms) is $2,303, but is expected to grow to $3,033 by 2008. That means there is a growth potential of USD3.5 billion increase in the size of the nutraceuticals market in India in just three years. India is the second largest populated country in the world comprising over 1.11 billion people.

 Awareness of preventive medicine Presently, all major transnational and large Indian pharmaceutical companies have ventured into nutraceutical products as the mantra for the future is for preventive

therapy rather than curative therapy. Further, increase in knowledge, higher spending power of people at large, information on the benefits of nutraceuticals and increasing health consciousness are factors that have led to the popularity of nutraceuticals. Awareness and focus on preventive therapy has also aided the increase in consumption of nutraceuticals. Consumers are increasingly becoming health-conscious and are realising the need for dietary supplements to help them cope with the fast-changing pace of life, which has put them at the risk of diabetes, cholesterol, heart ailments, arthritis and so on.  Baby Boomers Baby boomers (those born between 1946 to1964) are the most important consumers to the industry, as their new attitudes towards disease prevention and are in one of the highest risk age groups for many diseases and illnesses. Health-conscious baby boomers are eating their way to a better life, fuelling a sharp rise in demand for functional foods or nutraceuticals. FUTURE OUTLOOK – INDIA AND THE WORLD Nutraceuticals is pharma's future and the universal desire to be healthier nutraceuticals

is

driving market.

As

the per

Nutraceuticals Ingredients : Demand Forecast Nutraceuticals Ingredients demand outlook (USDbillion) 14.8

15.7

13.1

Cygnus estimates the global demand for nutraceuticals is likely to reach

2007E

2009E

2011E

USD156 billion by 2011 growing at a CAGR of 6.8% for the last five years. The nutraceuticals ingredients

Source: ICIS, Cygnus Research

demand is likely to grow to from USD12.4 billion in 2006 to USD15.7 billion in 2011 growing at a CAGR of 6.1%. Specifically the demand for herbal and non-herbal extracts is likely to rise by 6.5 % annually to USD2.5 billion and that of nutrients and minerals by 6.3 %, to USD1.27 billion and for vitamins the growth will be slower at 4.6 % annually to USD5.2

billion in 2015. Soft drinks and dietary products are likely to grow fast than the other segments due to the worldwide awareness and acceptance in the functional food segment.

High growth opportunities are

Global Nutraceutical Market: 2007-2011

likely to be seen in the coming

Nutraceutical Market Outlook (USDbillion)

years in soy protein nutrients, the functional food ingredients

137

120

156

like lutein, lycopene, omega-3 fatty

acids,

sterol

probiotics

esters,

minerals

the

and

2007E

2009E

2011E

essential

calcium

and

magnesium, the herbal extracts

Source: Cygnus Research

garlic and green tea and the non-herbal extracts chondroitin, glucosamine and coenzyme Q10. The US is set to remain in its position as largest consumer because while growth in China and India will be related to strong economic growth and the subsequent upgrading and diversification of food, beverage and drug production capabilities. The

domestic

market

is

different as compared to world

Indian Nutraceutical Market: 2007-2011 Indian Nutrceutical outlook (INR billion)

over; the nutraceuticals are a

40.1

part of OTC market, where as in India they come under the prescription band as well as

27 18.75

2007E

2009E

2011E

OTC segment. The market size of

nutraceuticals

as

per

Cygnus estimates in 2007 was

Source: Cygnus Research

INR 18.7 billion and is likely to reach INR 40.1 billion in the year 2011 growing at a CAGR of 21.23 % as depicted

in the figure. The nutraceutical industry, positioned somewhere between the food and pharmaceutical sectors, presents an interesting investment opportunity, characterized by low regulatory barriers and rapidly rising consumer demand in the domestic market. Sales in other markets, including Asia-Pacific and Latin America, are driven by economic growth, growing disposable incomes and an expanding middle-class. The nutraceuticals industry is likely to witness healthy growth rates in these markets in medium-to-long run. Nutraceuticals are destined to play an important role in future therapeutic developments but their success will be governed by control of purity, safety and efficacy without inhibiting innovation. Nutraceuticals will continue to appeal health conscious consumers because they are convenient for today’s lifestyle. A place for nutraceuticals in clinical practice is emerging, but important pharmaceutical and clinical issues need to be addressed by further research

HEADLINES 1) Call to make food processing a sunrise industry 2) Food and energy crisis to force failure of Millennium Development Goals

3) Indian food market attracts high investments 4) India: Polyhouse cultivation becoming popular in Himachal Pradesh 5) India: PepsiCo aims to double share in fruit juice mkt 6) NEWS from IADSA:EHPM European Developments(Attached with this email separately as a .pdf file)

7) Proposed new cacao classifications may boost disease resistance 8) Mushroom extract may stabilise meat colour: Study 9) Aluminum foil in juice packaging extends shelf life, says study 10) Wild blueberries take antioxidant crown 11) NEWS from IADSA: Chairman's letter and the 3-year Scientific Program (Attached with this email separately as a .pdf file)

1) Call to make food processing a sunrise industry To highlight the recent changes /developments in the agricultural, food processing and exports sector, the CII has organised an interactive session with Jayakumar, additional chief secretary & agriculture production commissioner of the state government. The session also provided a forum for the industry to have a direct interaction with the Agriculture Production Commissioner on company specific procedural issues and also to raise issues which are of concern to industry. Jayakumar spoke about the importance of branding the food processing industry as farmer friendly. Ensuring a fair and transparent mechanism for sharing benefits of high value agriculture to the farmers should be the aim, he said. The government was ready to financially take up any projects like entrepreneur and skill development programmes with organisations like the CII. The government would also like to be involved in technology transfers through standardised means. He wanted the current decade for the food processing industry to be showcased as the sunrise industry for the next five years. Shivdas B Menon, past chairman, CII, and convenor, agriculture, food processing and

export panel, apprised the Agriculture Production commissioner about the need for a single window scheme for agriculture; also the importance of regular interactions between government , agriculture institutes and the industry. M S A Kumar, chairman, CII Kerala state council, spoke about the need for inclusive growth and generating profitable employment opportunities in agriculture with collaboration from government. He also spoke about the CII plan for an Agri Show. CII would be taking up the matter of the agri sector with the government in future.

REFERENCE:FnBnews.com

2) Food and energy crisis to force failure of Millennium Development Goals

The current food and energy crisis will make meeting the Millennium Development Goals even harder to reach - if not unattainable - according to civil society representatives at the Commonwealth Finance Ministers meeting in Saint Lucia on October 6. The global community recently met in New York to discuss progress on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which are targets and standards in global poverty, health and sustainability. But, speaking ahead of the Commonwealth Finance Ministers meeting opening ceremony, Commonwealth civil society said that while the countries were generally doing well towards progress, the rising food and energy crisis threatens to undo that. Civil society experts are concerned that as the crisis worsens, it will make the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals unrealistic and could lead to eight lost years of progress. Nelcia Robinson, Co-ordinator of the Caribbean Association for Feminist Research and Action, cited the need for food security to ensure that those groups indentified as vulnerable within the Millennium Development Goals will be able to meet nutritional basics. "People with, or supporting those with HIV and AIDS, are already hard pressed to meet their nutritional needs," said Robinson. "Increasing costs and potential increases through Value Added Tax will only exacerbate this." Sarwar Bari, the National Co-ordinator for Pattan Development Organisation, said education-specific MDGs were also likely to be affected. "We have done focus groups and we see that people are taking their children out of school because transport costs are now an issue," said Bari. "Girls tend to be the most affected and this is harming the MDGs related to gender parity in schools in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan." The education issue isn't only specific to Asia. Robinson reported that the rising cost of fuel being passed onto the consumer meant that children were dropping out of school or reverting to walking to school because they could not afford bus fares.

Governments face the reality of spending less on social welfare and development sectors as they try to stem and support the current crisis but civil society representatives are urging them not to lose sight of the work done towards the MDG achievements to date and that national policies addressing the crisis should be in line with the plans for addressing the MDGs. Civil society representatives pointed to recent civil unrest taking place across countries as people protest against rising costs of food and energy and its implications. Starting Tuesday, 7th October, the Commonwealth Finance Ministers will have the opportunity to review Commonwealth civil society's statement and recommendations on how to prevent that unrest and discuss recommendations. Commonwealth Foundation Governance and Democracy Programme Manager Seth Lartey, said. "The high fuel and food prices pose different challenges for each Commonwealth country. There is a need for all member countries to develop policy responses to meet those challenges and address civil society's collective concerns and contribute to a global debate," Lartey added. The Commonwealth Foundation has brought together civil society representatives from around the Commonwealth to contribute to the government proceedings which will in turn feed into global-level discussions. The Commonwealth Foundation is an inter-governmental organisation resourced by and reporting to Commonwealth governments, and guided by Commonwealth values and priorities. Its mandate is to strengthen civil society in the achievement of Commonwealth priorities - democracy and good governance, respect for human rights and gender equality, poverty eradication and sustainable, people-centred development, and to promote arts and culture.

REFERENCE:FnBnews.com

3) Indian food market attracts high investments It was first PepsiCo which had announced to invest another $500 million in to the Indian market, then Nestlé announced to invest Rs 600 cr (approx. € 100 million) in India in 2009 for expansion of its business in the country. For Nestlé, this would be doubling the investment in 2009 after Rs. 300 cr as part of its business strategy. "The company is reinvesting and expanding in India and Nestle India will have all the financial resources to expand and grow from the parent company. In the years to come, there will be no limit to our investments in India and we are willing to invest as much as is strategically and economically sound," Nestle International Chairman Peter Brabeck said.

Brabeck said that India would be one of the fastest growing markets for Nestle worldwide.

REFERENCE:www.foodindustryindia.com

4) India: Polyhouse cultivation becoming popular in Himachal Pradesh Authorities in Himachal Pradesh's Kullu district are popularising polyhouse cultivation among the farmers to promote off-season farming. Experts observe that polyhouse cultivation in the lower hills of the state can bring an end to the cultivation woes of the farmers in the region where crop cultivation drops drastically during the winter season. Farmers claim that this method of farming has increased the productivity and said that they are reaping benefits almost six times more than what they reap through conventional farming. They also observe that growing crops in greenhouses produces better quality crops that fetch them more money. "When we grow flowers in the green houses the quality is good when compared with the ones grown outdoors. There is an improvement in the quality and the size of the produce. We are benefiting from its cultivation," said Pooja, a woman farmer from Mohal in Kullu. When polyhouse farming was first introduced in 2003-04, farmers were skeptical and reluctant to take to this farming technique. Later while some farmers took it through advertisements in newspapers thers saw polyhouses in some other states. "I got the idea of polyhouse when I visited the Bilaspur district in Chhattisgarh where I saw theses polyhouses. After that I though that the little land that I have I should utilize it fully by erecting a polyhouse and do some cultivation," said Kedar Nath, a farmer from Shamshi village in Kullu. The farmers have been growing exotic vegetables as well as flowers in poly houses. The State Government has planned to install 20,000 more such poly houses. "As they were earning good income through apple farming, earlier farmers had very little interest in polyhouse cultivation. In the last few years, a decline in apple production has prompted the farmers to take interest in polyhouse farming, apple and flower cultivation, and unseasonable farming. They have been earning good income through that. Our department plans to cover an area of 25000 sq ft this year. All these will be high technology polyhouses," said Y.P. Mehta, Deputy Director, Horticulture Department, Himachal Pradesh. Himachal Pradesh earns more than Rs 2500 crores from cultivation of fruits and vegetables. The cultivation of exotic vegetables and flowers in polyhouses will only add to the business and economy of the state. Similar initiatives are being taken in Haryana

also. The crops that would be cultivated include tomato, capsicum, cabbage and brinjal. By Prem Thakur

REFERENCE:1) dailyindia.com 2) FreshPlaza.com

5) India: PepsiCo aims to double share in fruit juice mkt In tune with its plans to triple revenues in India after announcing a 500 million-dollar investment, global food and softdrinks major PepsiCo is relaunching the Tropicana brand aiming to double share in the estimated Rs 1,500 crore Indian branded fruit juice market. "The top-end branded juice market is growing around 15-20 per cent annually. Tropicana currently has around five per cent share in the Indian branded fruit juice market. We are looking at doubling our overall share in the fruit juice segment in two years," PepsiCo India Executive Director (Marketing) Punita Lal told PTI. The company has relaunched its Tropicana Premium Gold as Tropicana 100 per cent Fresh. It has two other fruit juice brands in the Indian market -- Tropicana Twister and Slice. Last month PepsiCo Chairperson and CEO Indra Nooyi had announced that the company would invest 500 million dollars in India over the next three years to triple revenues in the country with focus on healthy products. Lal said the company re-launched the Tropicana brand as part of a "journey to transform portfolio and offer more choices to satisfy each customer segment" in the estimated 80million-cases-per-year Indian fruit juice market. "We are re-launching the brand as 'Tropicana 100 Per Cent Fresh' to highlight the brand's strength as a complete fruit juice devoid of any artificial colour, preservatives and sugar," she said. To push the brand, PepsiCo is looking for a new 360 degree campaign involving a change in packaging style, besides launch of a website, television commercial, print advertising and out-door campaign. The new Tropicana would be available in apple, orange and grape varieties with price range of Rs 80 (one litre pack) and Rs 18 (200 ml pack).

REFERENCE:1) business-standard.com 2) FreshPlaza.com

6) NEWS from IADSA: EHPM European Developments Please find attached with this email separately as a .pdf file of EHPM European Developments.

7) Proposed new cacao classifications may boost disease resistance Reclassification of cacao trees into ten distinct genetic sets may lead to enhanced cultivation and cross-breeding, according to research from confectionery giant Mars. The seeds of the cacao tree are the key ingredients in the production of cocoa and chocolate. Over 90 per cent of the world’s cocoa is produced by smallholder farmers, many of whom rely on the cacao tree for their livelihood. However, some farmers lose up to 80 per cent of their crops to disease each year. The researchers claim that their findings will significantly reduce the number of cacao crops which are killed in this way. “Beyond the major effort to properly categorise and understand cacao’s proper genetic history, this new classification of cacao genotypes and the localisation of their geographic origins will facilitate the collection of new germplasm with resistance to the devastating cacao diseases,” said Dr. Juan Carlos Motamayor, lead scientist with the cocoa genetics division of Mars, Inc. “The new findings… should considerably help to speed up the genetic improvement of this species and the selection of new cultivars capable of withstanding the diseases that threaten the existence of our beloved chocolate,” Dr. Motamayor went on to say.

Study details The study, published in the online science journal PLoS ONE, was led by scientists from confectionery giant Mars, Incorporated, the US Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and major cocoa institutions CIRAD-France, CEPLACBrazil and INIAP-Ecuador. The cacao tree has traditionally been classified into three groups: Criollo, Forastero and Trinitario. Beans from the Forastero group account for around 80 per cent of the world’s chocolate production. Only around 10 per cent is produced from Criollo, which is the rarest and most expensive. Trinitario, a hybrid of the other groups, makes up the remainder of production. The report states that previous collections of cacao germplasm have “not contributed to cacao improvement because its relationship to cultivated selections was poorly understood”. For the purposes of the report, 1,241 individual trees covering a wide geographical area were genotyped with 106 microsatellite markers. The results led the scientists to produce a list of ten genetic clusters, which they have labelled Marañon, Curaray, Iquitos, Nanay, Contamana, Amelonado, Purús, Nacional and Guiana. They hope that germplasm curators and geneticists will apply this new classification scheme to their management and exploitation of cacao.

Moreover, the scientists propose the establishment of new mating schemes between the groups to create new, stronger genetic models of cacao and minimise loss. The export of cacao beans is the primary source of income for several West African countries such as the Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. Other producers include Colombia, Mexico and Sierra Leone.

REFERENCE:1) Source: PLoS One3 (10): e3311. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003311 “Geographic and Genetic Population Differentiation of the Amazonian Chocolate Tree (Theobroma cacao L)”J. C. Motamayor, P. Lachenaud, J. Wallace da Silva e Mota, R. Loor, D. N. Kuhn, J. Steven Brown, R. J. Schnell 2) Confectionarynews.com

8) Mushroom extract may stabilise meat colour: Study An extract from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes may stabilise the natural colour of meat, according to new research from Japan published today. Tuna and beef meat formulations avoided browning when the mushroom extract was used as an additive, report researchers from Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. The benefits of the mushroom extract were linked to the antioxidant activity of the fungi, report the authors, led by Huynh Bao. Oxidation processes in food can lead to organoleptic deterioration in taste, colour and texture. And fish products are particularly susceptible to oxidation processes because of the high unsaturated lipid content. The food industry has long been aware of this, and is increasingly seeking natural solutions rather than artificial additives, such as like butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), to extend the shelf life of milder-tasting products. According to a 2003 report by Frost and Sullivan, the synthetic antioxidant market is in decline, while natural antioxidants, such as herb extracts, tocopherols (vitamin E) and ascorbates (vitamin C) are growing, pushed by consumer desire acceptance and easier market access.

New possibilities The researchers prepared extracts of Flammulina velutipes which contained the compound ergothioneine (ERT) at a level of 3.03 mg/mL. In antioxidant tests, the extract

showed high activity, according to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay. Moreover, a suppression of lipid oxidation was observed, they said, particularly when added to the tuna samples. “Lipid oxidation in beef and fish meats to which the mushroom extract had been added was “virtually” controlled during storage on ice,” wrote the researchers. Furthermore, the natural colours of the meat were maintained after 12 and seven days of storage, respectively, when the extract was added. On the other hand, in meat samples without the mushroom additive a browning of the meat was observed after six and two days of storage for the beef and tuna, respectively. “These results suggest that ERT in the hydrophilic extract of F. velutipes plays an important role as a colour stabilizer of meats,” concluded the researchers.

REFERENCE:1) Source: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Published online ahead of print, ASAP Article, doi: 10.1021/jf8017063 “Antioxidative Activity and Antidiscoloration Efficacy of Ergothioneine in Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) Extract Added to Beef and Fish Meats” Authors: H.N.D. Bao, H. Ushio, T. Ohshima 2) foodqualitynews.com

9) Aluminum foil in juice packaging extends shelf life, says study Spanish researchers evaluated four different containers for the storage of mandarin juice and found that carton containers with an inner layer of aluminium foil best ensure the quality of the product. They teams from the University Miguel Hernandez in Alicante and the San Antonio Catholic University in Murcia published their findings in the Journal of Food Quality. The researchers said they assessed the quality of the juice based on its high vitamin C content, intense orange colour, fresh mandarin flavour and absence of negative offflavours. “A container with thick inner layer of aluminium foil will maintain the quality of the juice for a longer time (over 90 days) compared with a shelf life of about 54 days from cartons with an inner layer of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers,” said the research group.

Fruit juices and beverages must be handled carefully during processing and storage to control nutrient losses and colour changes, and the label showing content per serving of the important nutritional component, ascorbic acid (AA), must be valid throughout the product shelf life, claim the researchers. Permeation through packaging materials and the degradation of colour and nutrients by oxygen transmission through packages is an increasing area of research, said the group; however, they claim their study is the first evaluation of the effects of carton materials on mandarin juices

Objective The aim of the research, said the team, was to compare the colour properties, AA degradation and changes of gas composition in the headspace of refrigerated mandarin juice stored in four different containers. According to the study, orange juice accounts for 60 per cent of all Western European consumption of fruit juices and juice-based drinks. The team said their results can inform manufacturers regarding which container is the best for refrigerating this particular juice type.

Method The researchers said that juices were processed under aseptic packaging and thermal treatment of pasteurization, packaged in three different nontransparent plastic containers and one transparent container and were stored under refrigeration conditions. Juices A and B were stored in containers made of different percentages of cardboard, polyethylene and aluminium foil, respectively, juice C was stored in containers made of cardboard, polyethylene and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers and juice D was stored in bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), stated the study. The team said that the juice samples were analysed at various intervals between 0 and 90 days.

Evaluation Oxygen production was measured in the juice containers, according to the scientists, by extracting 1mL of the headspace using a gas syringe, and oxygen was quantified using a Shimadzu model 14A gas chromatograph, while colour determinations were made using a Hunterlab Colour flex. The researchers added that sensory evaluation was determined over sampling days 0 to 90 and a panel of 20 consumers was used: "The principal selection criterion was that subjects had to be regular consumers of juice at least twice a week,” explained the team.

The consumers, said the researchers, were asked to rank the juices in terms of colour, fresh mandarin flavour, and off-flavours, and the assessors were trained to rinse their mouths with water and wait at least two minutes between samples.

Results The study concluded that juices C and D presented significantly higher oxygen concentrations than juices A and B: “Cartons A and B could be considered as high oxygen barriers, while carton C and [the] PET bottle were low oxygen barriers. In our opinion, the main entrance of air into container C must be located in the joints of the upper part. However, further research is needed to find a proper explanation for these experimental findings," claim the research group. They said that high reductions in vitamin C content in juices C and D were due to the fact that higher oxygen contents were present in these juices as compared to juices A and B. According to the researchers, the experimental results proved that carton composition was an important quality control parameter in determining the degradation of the initial vivid orange colour of the refrigerated mandarin juices: “It seems evident that carton A provided better experimental results than cartons B and C and [the] PET bottle.” In terms of the sensory analysis, the transparent PET bottle performed the worst - after only 18 days, the juice presented a less intense colour than the rest of the juices and its fresh mandarin flavour started to disappear after 36 days of refrigerated storage, while after 90 days it had a significantly higher intensity of off-flavours, claims the study. However, the researchers found that after 54 days, both juices A and B presented significantly higher intensities of fresh mandarin flavour than juices C and D.

REFERENCE:1) Source: Journal of Food Quality 31 (2008) 596-611 Published online ahead of print Effect of packaging materials on colour, vitamin C and sensory quality of refrigerated mandarin juice Authors: F. Beltran-Gonzalez, A. J. Perez Lopez, J. M. Lopez-Nicolas, A.A. Carbonell Barrachina 2) foodqualitynews.com

10) Wild blueberries take antioxidant crown Wild blueberries have greater antioxidant content than common fruits such as apples, bananas, red grapes and strawberries according to Cornell University researchers.

Pomegranates, blackberries, raspberries and cranberries also performed well in the tests that measured cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) in 25 fruits. But superfruits such as noni, acai and goji did not come under the scientists’ antioxidant microscope. In addition to CAA, the researchers also measured total phenolic content, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values. These are more typical ‘in-the-fruit’ readings but the researchers wanted to test the levels of antioxidants in fruits in a more biologically representative manner, hence their application of the CAA method which measures antioxidant activity ‘in-the-cell’. The research, published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, found wild blueberries notched the highest antioxidant levels under these measures also. Melons and bananas had the lowest antioxidant activity and cultivated blueberries demonstrated less antioxidant activity than their wild cousins. Because of the volume at which they are consumed, apples contributed most fruit phenolics to the American diet, with apples and strawberries the biggest suppliers of antioxidant activity. Free radicals react with and attack lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA and have been linked to a number of oxidative stress conditions including some cancers.

Cellular antioxidant activity CAA, first developed at Cornell last year, seeks to “move beyond the test tube” to determine how antioxidant compounds perform in cells – in this case human liver cells. “The CAA assay is a more biologically relevant method than the chemistry antioxidant activity assays as it accounts for uptake, metabolism, distribution and activity of antioxidant compounds within cells versus solely looking at antioxidant value,” said lead scientist Rui Hai Liu, PhD. Both foods and food supplements were tested. Antioxidant activity of selected compounds is typically measured using a range of labbased assays, including the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). CAA centres on dichlorofluorescin, a probe molecule trapped within cells that can be easily oxidised to produce fluorescence. The test uses 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP)-generated peroxyl radicals to oxidise dichlorofluorescin, and the ability of antioxidant compounds to inhibit this process. Fruits like berries are naturally high in antioxidants because of their anthocyanin content, which not only give many fruits their colour, but are high in antioxidants.

“While further testing is needed to confirm how dietary antioxidants are absorbed by and go to work in the human body to prevent cancer and other chronic diseases, we’re encouraged by the response in this initial screening measure,” Dr Liu concluded.

REFERENCE:1) Source: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Volume 56, Number 18, Pages 8418–8426 "Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Common Fruits" Authors: K.L. Wolfe, X. Kang, X. He, M. Dong, Q. Zhang, R.H. Liu 2) nutraingredients-usa.com

11) NEWS from IADSA: Chairman's letter and the 3-year Scientific Program Please find attached with this email separately as a .pdf file of Chairman's letter and the 3-year Scientific Program

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