New York Tribune - Russia Despotism Over The Polanders 22dec 1901
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NEW-YORK DAILY TRIBUNE.
HOCKEY TEAM OF THE NEW-YORK ATHLETIC CLUB.
THE YALE UNIVERSITY HOCKEY TEAM.
Ptoiihlll of Abbots-Langley, In Hertfordshire, who bad no less than thirty-nine children by one bads will meet in a series of three additional games The university win- wife. France has need of such. to decide the championship. rintr first plat*" for three years will become permaTHE TWO WIXSTOS churcbills. nently possessed of a silver cup offered by Goodwin Stoddard. From The London Chronicle. age of Winston Churchill reaches the advancedshow Whil^ the college games will attract the greatest powers no tliirtv to-day, but his undoubted amount of popular interest, they are not to compare going too far to dedecay. It would be FiKiis" of in point of skill or excitement with the best of the scribe Mr Churchill as the rising hope or the stern Tories, because he might tie the contests in the Amateur Hockey Lcasue. Indeed, and unbending any hope of party. Politicians, unless they these matches, in spectacular play, speed and brill- rising to one party by firmly anchored mediocre or are iance, probably surpass similar qualities displayed ties of office or family, seldom pursue a career of unblemished consistency as regards the particular in other branches Of outdoor sport. The excellence they wear, and it would not surprise many of of th* contests will be further enhanced this year label Churchill's found fightfriends if he were to be to Mr by the fact that the membership of th league has which he in' under a banner different from thatfact, scarcely peen reduced Jo four clubs— the New-York Athletic There is. In allegiance. now Rives anything in his views which would not fit one great Club, Crescent Athletic Club, Hockey Club of Newwell party as as another. York and St. Nicholas Skating Club. This cuts out This is .\u25a0' month of a double double In birthdays. the Quaker City and Brooklyn sevens, both of The two Winston Churchills were both born In the 1871, drag league <«n the last season. November of and. whereas the American novelWhich were rather a Probably, as 'lsual. !!•>•• struggle for the <:ham- ist has written some war articles the English politiupon a the New-York and cian and war correspondent bai adventured pionship "will rest between way. met In Cioscent sevens. For three years the Brooklynites novel Th« brace of Winstons, by the each have been victors, and this season the spirit of New-York a few months ago, and thanked so much lustre on the name. The keen rivalry Is stronger than ever. Both teams ex- other for casting two Glssinps, George and Algernon, novelists both, pect to pat on the Ice practically the same comhave also their birthdays during November. bination? as last year, with one or two exceptions.
HOCKEY.
\u25a0
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RUSSIA'S ALL
THE
WORLD
SURPRISING SMILES
WHEN THE POT CALLS THE KETTLE BLACK. to People have been for so long accustomed Identify Russia with the stories of savage persecution and cruel despotism, suffered by the Poles, that it is somewhat startling to find the latter being held up at present by the Mus-
covite prrss to the sympathy of the civilized world as victims of barbarous oppression on the Indeed, there part of the German Government. are plenty of people to whom the cable dispatches of the last two weeks bearing upon the matter have recalled the generally forgotten fact that besides the Poland belonging to Russia there are two other Poland?, one forming a part '•'. Austria-Hungary and the other a part of Germany. For when the ancient kingdom of Poland, which played so great a role in the Old "World history during several centuries, was partitioned, it was divided into three parts, Russia taking the Ben's share, with about seven million inhabitants; Austria a smaller slice, with a population of some four millions, while Prussia's part in the spoils was a territory with a population of about three millions. The Poles of Austria are to-day the most loyal and contented of the subjects of Emperor Francis Joseph. It is from the ranks of their nobility that he prefers to recruit his ministers and great dignitaries of the household, the Chancellor of the Dual Empire and the minister of the imperial house at the present moment being a. member of th» Polish aristocracy: while it is the devotion of the people of Austria Poland to the Hapsburg dynasty that constitutes one of the strongest bulwarks of defence of the Dual Empire from any Eastern or Northeastern attack en the -part of either Russia or Germany. The Poles of Russia and of Germany are, on theother hand, so discontented and imbued with
5
SUNDAY. DECE^rBEK 22. 1001.
tire (from
The men
left to right): E Jennlson. T. A. Howard (captain), W. Hornfeck. Those Hunt. E. J. O'Ponnell, J. Caruthers. C. M. Clarke and Substitute
buildings in Washington. Mr. Lodge's erect an entirely new building near enough to the present White House to be conwith it by a covered passage or a tunnel "It Is absurd," said a member of the Diplo- nectedaway does with all objections. The architecture Corps from South America, the other matic building should be in harmony with that of the' KING OF SIAM COMING TO AMERICAhear regarding the of the White House, to which it will be in a day, "the constant gossip I offices, it SOUTH AMERICAN FRIENDLINESSalliance in South America against the United sense an addition, and besides the should contain ball, reception and dining rooms to understand impossible almost States. It is THK PRESIDENT SITTING of dimensions sufficient for the accommodation how BU^h rumors could have originated. The Of the thousands who are now invited to the FOR HIS PORTRAIT. republics of South America regard this country official functions given by the President. big sister, to whom they appeal in Washington. Dec. 21 (Special).— For the last as their The average visitor to the Library of Congress time of trouble and of whose help and symtwo years, before even he made his European they feei sure. It does not concern us makes a rapid tour of the building and while pathy Siam with King of trip, rumor has credited the to be heard on all that you are acquiring new territory, and we exclamations of approval are a n.-sire to visit this country. The bill intro- have never felt the slightest alarm lest you sides few people take the trouble to study the acting chairman of should extend your dominion into the southern duced by Senator Frye, as decorations or learn the significance of the fresth^ Committee of Foreign Affairs, early In the continent; as a matter of fact, the aim of our cos, relying for Information upon the first emcountry is interest in this to representatives week tends to confirm this rumor, and it is not your Dan. an Irish messencapitalists in the development of South ploye they encounter. Improbable that the Siamese Kin;,' will make a America. We have so many undeveloped riches. ger, is a favorite with the tourists because of tour of this country" within the coming year Our rubber forests, our mines and bides inak>- a the readiness and aplomb with which he replies as the Sliest of the nation. Senator Frye's handsome return for the money invested in to all questions. them, should tempt your rich men. The Who is that.'" asked a lady wearing the inbill was inspired by the American Minister at balance and of trade Is now in your favor, and we quisitorial air peculiar to the professional tourBangkok, Hamilton King, who was unofflcially are anxious to deserve and to secure, if pospointing to a picture by Klihu Veddet v ist, inf-nned that the King projected a trip to sible, more of your patronage." Minerva. to invite Minerva, to be sure," said Dan. America. It authorizes the President Constantine Makovsky. the court paint' i of And who is that?" demanded the woman, the Kin? of Siam to visit the Western continent Russia, who is painting n portrait of the Presi- pointing to the smaller figi:re in the foreground as a pu<-st "f the United States, and approof this famous mosaic. winning golden opinions ; i the dent. Is \u25a0A near relative of her family, to be sure, repriates an unnamed sum for his entertainment. where h* (s the recipient of many social atten- sponded Dan. According t.> tn- American Minister at Bangkok, of Rusthe th- King will make the journey across the Pa- tions. He came here a.s the X"-st Count Cassini. and since his The appointment of Momdgnor Sr-aretti to cific in the royal yacht, stopping at Japan en sian Ambassador. orders, many the most in- succeed Baonsignor Chapelle in tho Philippines arrival has received route. with warm approval in Washington, teresting of which is naturally the commission meets It may b<- remembered that two brothers of for sittings are mad- in where the new- Apostolic Delegate served the President. The from Sonapandlt, Kinsr, the Prince Narefl and Princsome time as auditor of the Papal Legation. room, and Mr. Roosevelt the Cabinet will be prolonged embassy which made a headed an and tact, represented in the large camraa which Mr. Consignor Sbarettl is a man of force stay In this country in 1884 in the c>urse of has a broad knowledge of affairs in America who Makovsky at the head of plans the Cabinei eml>;i*sy was it:- tour erour.i*. th^ world. This tanle. Those \\h« know him well realize how and sympathy with its people, in the face of received hr-re with great cordiality, and enter- Impossible it would be for the President actually adverse conditions he made a notable record Until no* there has to pose, r Mirin.tr the sittings he is here, th re ,;i Havana, and his course there promises w--i! I by the government. everywhere, chatting .with visitors, giving been ii" permanent Siamese Legation at the and directions to his staff and leiling a gw»d stor; foi his career In Manila?, where he will establish being reprecapital, country that Monsignor Sbarettl is only American laughing ai one. Occasionally he will mike his headquarters. , \u0084 here by Phya Prasbiddhi, who \-..is also or a real effort t.i help the ariist by remaining forty-five years old, and comes from a noted forger* the necessity distinguished memi redited to the Court of ?t. James. Recently, nuietly «rated. butof soon conversation rolling again. Roman family, whose most however, Phya Akharaj has presented his cre- and s"*ts the ball artist, however, Russian is noted not only ber in r.-cent times waa the late Cardinal SbarThe XIII.This dentials to the President, and will establish a for his technique, bur for his sympathy with his ettl, who was a f-llow stndent ol Leo-ignal favor Th<^ now subjects, and ii is not to be doubted that he may count in a measure for the permanent legation at Washington. the hands of acceptable portraii enjoyed of the has at Loftus, Monsignor will make a more Sbaretti Siamese Minister la ac< ompanled by Mr. conventional model. the Pope. The new representative of the Roman than if he were a President embassy. who was attached to Prince Nares'a was educated Catholic Church In the Philippines I'niversiry of and a^ain visited this country In the suite of plan so far proposed to pro- a! the Roman schools and at the only practical The Ro ,ii". Upon his ordination as a priest he was the retiring minister! >1t- Loftus "ill remain vide adequate space for the President's family mice College the Urban Theology at professor of as permanent secretary of -lie new legation. and suitable offices for his staff is that fathered Of the Propaganda, where he taught for several The Crown Prince of Siam is at present In His American experience began in l^'.'-. bill into years Lodge, Senator and Introduced as a by may return possible that he England, and ii Is appointment to Havana. would give the Senate, which provides that there shall be and ended vuth his home by was of America, which him an opportunity to \isit a country in which built to the south of the Treasury Department heir One of th- most Important acts of the Philiplie has !oii£ been deeply. Interfered. Th" a building to be known as the Executive Build- pine Commission is the recommendation for "an to the Siamese throne is said to be ;» hmad first redining the floor and ing, comprising richly on gifted, who has been caremil l.d prince, Insular Bureau of Agriculture, widen shall confully educated for the exalted position he is to ception rooms, and on the second floor offices investigations and disseminate useful Inand the occupy. executive duct for the use of the President formation with reference to the agricultural requestion of the need of a clerks. There is no of the Philippine Islands, the methods sources Mr. Loud, of California, who has been chairbuilding to the White House supplementary of cultivation at present in vo^ue. ;md then imman .if the Committee of Post Offices and Post originally planned as a home for the provement, the practicability of Introducing new which was strikingly Congress, is agricultural products. The introRoads since the LlVth being allowed for offices and valuable n<> space he has the President. duction of new domesticated animals now found like General Grant in appearance: the major portion of the sec- in the islands, and shall in general seek to prooccupy now which same figure, the same determined expression and ond floor, leaving scarcely room enough for ihe mote the development of the agricultural rewears his heard after the fashion of the great field and his family. sources of the archipelago." The territorial soldier. Not long ago a grizzled veteran ap- accommodation of the PresidentThere have been of the new bureau is to include "the government destroying all privacy. Congressman; and and proached Pampanthe province California >;" farms at Magalang, in the of various plans proposed for the enlargement thrusting out his hand, said: opposed by Con- ga. and at La cariota. in the province ol West<:rant. God rest his the White House, but this is generally, government agricultural ex"1 know you ain't General and the Negros. ern Intelligent people for to gress and memory, but, gosh, if you ain't so much like stations in the provinces of lloilo, Cebu, who is build wing, or to in any way increase the size periment l.oud. [sabela, Illocos and Albay." Following this rechim Iwant to shake hands." Mr. 'naturally most would mar one of the this structure War, of himself a veteran of the Civil
GOSSIP
OF THE
CAPITAL.
acceded to the
request and gave the
a hearty grasp.
old soldier
beautiful idea
to
1
\u25a0
.. .
ACCUSATION AGAINST GERMANY OF SAVAGE DESPOTISM
and subjected to a slavery more cruel than the serfs of Russia previous to their liberation, were even worse off than the beasts of the field, their that frequent risings '. against their oppressors, is to say. the Palish nobles, merely adding to the general chaos and confusion. Russia has been subjected to fierce abuse in Yet connection with her treatment of Poland. ii should not be forgotten that it was Russia which not only freed the Polish peasant from i".;.- horrors of serfdom, but which likewise endowed him with a proprietary right to the land A few notes in explanation \u25a0•. this condition which he tilled. Until the rebellion of 1830. the of affairs may b« of timely Interest, the more Russian portion of Poland was regarded, as a so as there has always prevailed in this coun- constitutional kingdom, subject to. the Czar. ministers, try h strong f- eiing of sympathy for the Poles Poland was governed by responsible . Americans cannot forget that the Polish patriot with a Senate and a legislative chamber; there Thaddf-us KosHuszko. to whom a memorial lias was a national army under a national flag and been erected at West Point, was one of the a separate budget. Polish was the official language, and personal liberty and freedom of the lieutenants of Washington, and thaj a number of his fellow countrymen took part' in the press were guaranteed. This worked well until the Besides, Independence. American War <>f the Paris Revolution of 1830, and Its successful upon in the Issue, led a lot of hotheaded young students at Poles have always been looked Tniud States as victims of monarchical despotWarsaw to start a movement of the same kind ism, ani as having been unjustly deprived of by a wild attempt to seize the Czar's brother their national independence in order to satisfy and Viceroy, the Grand Duke Constantine, who the territorial gieed of three unscrupulous em- until that time had been regarded as the idol of pires handed together for no other purpose than the Polish people, and who was morganatlcally a relatively small married to a Polish woman. The troops called to crush out of existence the neighboring State. upon to suppress the riot fraternized with or truth in this people, which was not unnatural seeing that While there are elements view, it is not entirely correct. The writer has they belonged to the same nationality. ,That no intention of embarking here upon any course was the end of Polish autonomy, and as soon by of Polish history or of championing the parti- as the insurrection had , been suppressed tion of the kingdom. But be would merely point means of Russian troops Poland was declared the coun- a Russian province.. out that at the time when it occurred .*•/\u25a0' » try was in a state of anarchy disturbing the From that time forth the one object and neighboring States, and due to the intolerable has by the nobility, avowed aim of the Muscovite Government oppression of the peasantry provinces of the which latter was divided into innumerable fac- been to Kussianize the Polish possible every tions, carrying on sancuinary warfare among empire and to obliterate as far as The Russian language Originally the same principle nf vestige of nationalism. themselves. schools, unipeasant and communal proprietorship of the w;:s substituted for Polish in all communiversities-, l^gal procedure and official land that exists in Russia and in the Balkan representation of Polish States prevailed in Poland. But by degrees the cations. At times the. stage, and peoPolish nobles had appropriated all the land, and plays has been forbidden on the any of the peasantry, possessed of no political rights, ple were also prohibited from ainging such bitter feelings toward their Muscovite and Teuton masters that they form a very important element of danger to both Germany and Russia, a danger which the military authorities of those two countries are obliged to take into account in considering the possibilities of war. In a word, there is no Polish question in Austria, but in Russia and in Germany the Polish questions are a source of as much trouble, anxiety and weakness as the Irish question Is to the British Empire]
.
the national songs of Poland In any public place. The Russian official, especially of the tower any grade. Is as a general rule devoid of breadth ut view, tact or sense of justice, added towto which he i.s imbued with that disposition ard despotism and tyranny peculiar to the Oriunderstood, ental races. It may readily be therefore, that the policy of Russianisatfon put Into execution by instruments of this class quickly developed into intolerable oppression. which weighed far more heavily on the travelled and enlightened Polish aristocracy than it did Indeed, the latter would upon the peasantry. have yielded thereto had it not been for their clergy.
/
The Poles in Russia, in Germany and in Austria have always been fervent Roman Catholics. The clergy of that denomination were quick to appreciate the fact that the substitution of the Russian language for Polish constituted an important steu toward the substitution of the Russian orthodox faith for the Roman Catholic Church, the conversion of the Catholic Poles to the national State Church of Russia being, indeed, an avowed feature of the scheme of Russianizing Poland. Owing to this the Roman Catholic clergy of Poland have for the last seventy years formed the most active and successful opponents of the Russian policy In Poland, and being in much closer touch and more intimate communion with the peasantry than 'any Russian official can ever hope to be have encouraged the masses to cling to their language, and to resist all attempts to Russianupon their ize them. They have impressed mind that it was their spiritual welfare which was at stake, and that it was preferable to submit to the persecution entailed by the resistance to the Russian authorities than to Imperil their salvation by making concessions, th» object of which was to bring about their abandonment of the Church of Rome for the orthodox rite. Hundreds of Roman Catholic bishops and priests In Poland have been imprisoned and exiled to Siberia. But. like their flocks, they are ready to suffer martyrdom for their faith, axid
standing are (from r!gnt to Wylie.
left
ft AJ
ommendation, and acting in rn-r»perark!« witb the Secretary of Agriculture, Secretary Root has the appointed Professor E. Lamson-Scrinner, present chief of the Bureau of Agrostology, to Agri'~>t n-partrn^nt establish the annex to the culture for which the act provides. It is in every way a happy appointment Professor Scribner has had .t lons experience in the -'thusiast Department of Agriculture, i -tudy in his special line. He has PhilipM of the agricultural possih pines, and says they are unbounded in the terriExperiment statory to which h' is assigned. tion:-:, organized on the same ::an as those in I in the Philipthis country, will be pines, hut all the scientific work will be under \u25a0
the direction of the Secretary of War. so that the bureau may have only one head. Professor Scrihner will sail for his new post early in February, and wfll take with him a large •force of agrosassistants which will inc.-; ilture and plant breeding, dairy tofogjr, plant w ork. and a hot
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Darling, who has been appointed succeed Secretary Frank W. Hackett as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, has already assumed the duties of his department to which, th" retiring assistant secretary introduced him. Secretary Long's new aid is a man of pleasant personality and wide culture. He is a native of Vermont, and wr.? l»>rn forty-two years ago. Is a graduate of Tufts College, and began his career, as so many men in public life have begun, by teaching school in his native town of Woodstock. He afterward studied law. Is an alumnus of the Dartmouth Law College, and a member of the bar both in Maine and Vermont, where he has gained distinction in his profession. In ISS7 Mr. Darling was appointed judge of the Municipal Court at Bennington. holding this office for nine years, when he resigned to Ha become the law partner of O. M. Barber. has served in the Vermont House of Representatives, and in ISSO was elected president of the Vermont Bar Assoclaticn. Mr. Darling is a conservative and pain?*akinz man. and has held almost every municipal office in thf* gift of his
Charles H.
to
city.
ST. RULE'S
TOWER.
From The London Chronicle. St. Rule's Tower, in the town of St, Andrew's, is an evidence of the link which binds St. Andrew, to(whose fe?st ail good Sooti-hm<-n r>r" '-'\u25a0\u25a0•? day, to the country ..f whom he i* the patron, mo^k that h caO^d Regu-j legend •saint. Th* runs !us. or Rule. hroiisrM the bones of St. Andrew froinj Constantinople to Scotland, and buried them near} icoasT. on th~ spot round which the present the town of St. Andrew's afterward gr<»w. Whether story the is tree or not. there sterr.s U> be no other way to "explain the connection ol this particular with I Scotland: for h*» stems to have pa«— \u25a0 sain {he who!" of his life ut> to the moment- of his martyrdom in Hie iC.iHt. James H eertaiah associated! him with the country across the Tw<»
LOOT! Mi IS PEEIXG. From The London Chronicle. Stories of looting in Peking continue to tilt** through and a hish official of the Straits Settlements who happened to be in Peking during- (M of last year t»>!ls of ;i Chinese servant, aBa who had •persuaded him to make the exybang'-" From the sales of Chinese valuables at Coveni Garden It may] be inferred that such 'suasion was frequently el-j i ercisc! by native? c-f -er.erous impulse. \u25a0
OVER THE POLANDERS.
'\u25a0• disobedience of it is in this that must be sought one of the chief mem on charges of inciting sources of discontent In Russian Poland. For the authorities. One old woman, widowed and materially the lei of the Polish peasant, now an ailing, who was sent to prison for two years on! account, exclaimed pathetically in reply, owner \u25a0•;" ids land, entitled to ;t share in the this communal property, and a serf no longer, is Wo to the inquiry of the court as to what she had i Ail we ast^ia that our chilper c.nt superior to what it was in the days Of to say for herself: Polish, and not : Poland's national independence and of the op- dren should be taught religion in pression of the working classes by th>- nobility in German, so that *<\u25a0 may at least have the satisfaction of being able to pray with them." Prussia is at the present moment following in It is only during the last few years that this) programme of Germanizing the Poles has been the footsteps of Russia, and seeking to German, ize her Polish provinces, and to stamp out Polish enforced with such vigor and severity. Old Em| nationalism. Identically the same methods are peror William would never allow it.his marked j employed as on the Russian side of the border, predilection for the Pole.--, and the goodwill! and whereas the Roman Catholic Church is which he entertained for them being- popularly j !treated with the most distinguished consideraascribed to his romantic infatuation in eariyj tion in the western portion of the German em- life for the lovely Princess* Elise RadziwilL a pire, it is subjected to every kind of restrictive Polish noblewoman whom be would have marmeasure in the eastern province of Poser . ried even at the cost of his succession to the j where, as in Russia, the government sees in the throne had it not been for his father's prohibi-| Roman Catholic clergy the principal obsta- le la tion. During the first part of the present Em-] its programme for Germanizing the Poles. Cath- peror's reign the Polish aristocracy played a.i olic nobles are high in favor $t the court of Ber- great role at the court of Berlin, especially the lin. and occupy the most eminent positions in the lovely Baroness Koschiel KosehielskL whose alimperial household, in the army and in the vari- leged influence with the Kaiser constituted on one occasion the subject of a fierce public deous branches of the government administration. But only Prote9tants are appointed to any oflflce nunciation by the late Prince Bismarck. Shortly in German Poland, and everything is done to after this, however, she vanished from the court induce the rising generation to adopt the Luth- of Berlin, and Polish influence ceased to be a eran faith, not on religious grounds, hut for the factor in imperial and official circles, and topurpose of emancipating it from the spiritual. day the Kaiser is heir- held up by the Russia* and. incidentally, the political influence of the press to the obloquy of the civilized world as , Roman Catholic- clergy, which remains an ob- the oppressor of the Poles. Austria, being a Catholic power, has. of course, stacle to the Germanization of the people. As in Russia, the German officials of the lower found no foes, but rather allies and friend* class are often brutal in their methods, devoid among the Polish Roman Catholic clergy, and. I of judgment and tact, and apt to regard diso- thanks to this, has been enabled to accord to bedience to their behests as furnishing an ex- her Polish provinces a lar^e amount of aucuse for the employment of measures of an alto- tonomy, as well as the permission to obtain the It Is 'mpossible use of th«» Polish language in judicial and adgether intolerable character. to describe in anj» other language their conduct ministrative matters. The result is that the at Wreschen. where Catholic Polish children Polish party in the imperial Parliament at TH were flopped by their school teachers unit! they enna is the one upon whose support the sovern? were crippled for life for declining to learn Ger- ment can always rely, and that the aristocracy. I ' man prayers and hymns, the subsequent inter- , th» clergy and the peasantry of Austrian Poland vention in their behalf by their parents being ; alike hail Francis Joseph, in Polish, as their"I visited upon the latter with terms of imprison- | King. EX-ATTACHE.
'
1
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\u25a0
\u25a0
I
HOCKEY TEAM OF THE NEW-YORK ATHLETIC CLUB.
THE YALE UNIVERSITY HOCKEY TEAM.
Pto
HOCKEY.
\u25a0
-
RUSSIA'S ALL
THE
WORLD
SURPRISING SMILES
WHEN THE POT CALLS THE KETTLE BLACK. to People have been for so long accustomed Identify Russia with the stories of savage persecution and cruel despotism, suffered by the Poles, that it is somewhat startling to find the latter being held up at present by the Mus-
covite prrss to the sympathy of the civilized world as victims of barbarous oppression on the Indeed, there part of the German Government. are plenty of people to whom the cable dispatches of the last two weeks bearing upon the matter have recalled the generally forgotten fact that besides the Poland belonging to Russia there are two other Poland?, one forming a part '•'. Austria-Hungary and the other a part of Germany. For when the ancient kingdom of Poland, which played so great a role in the Old "World history during several centuries, was partitioned, it was divided into three parts, Russia taking the Ben's share, with about seven million inhabitants; Austria a smaller slice, with a population of some four millions, while Prussia's part in the spoils was a territory with a population of about three millions. The Poles of Austria are to-day the most loyal and contented of the subjects of Emperor Francis Joseph. It is from the ranks of their nobility that he prefers to recruit his ministers and great dignitaries of the household, the Chancellor of the Dual Empire and the minister of the imperial house at the present moment being a. member of th» Polish aristocracy: while it is the devotion of the people of Austria Poland to the Hapsburg dynasty that constitutes one of the strongest bulwarks of defence of the Dual Empire from any Eastern or Northeastern attack en the -part of either Russia or Germany. The Poles of Russia and of Germany are, on theother hand, so discontented and imbued with
5
SUNDAY. DECE^rBEK 22. 1001.
tire (from
The men
left to right): E Jennlson. T. A. Howard (captain), W. Hornfeck. Those Hunt. E. J. O'Ponnell, J. Caruthers. C. M. Clarke and Substitute
buildings in Washington. Mr. Lodge's erect an entirely new building near enough to the present White House to be conwith it by a covered passage or a tunnel "It Is absurd," said a member of the Diplo- nectedaway does with all objections. The architecture Corps from South America, the other matic building should be in harmony with that of the' KING OF SIAM COMING TO AMERICAhear regarding the of the White House, to which it will be in a day, "the constant gossip I offices, it SOUTH AMERICAN FRIENDLINESSalliance in South America against the United sense an addition, and besides the should contain ball, reception and dining rooms to understand impossible almost States. It is THK PRESIDENT SITTING of dimensions sufficient for the accommodation how BU^h rumors could have originated. The Of the thousands who are now invited to the FOR HIS PORTRAIT. republics of South America regard this country official functions given by the President. big sister, to whom they appeal in Washington. Dec. 21 (Special).— For the last as their The average visitor to the Library of Congress time of trouble and of whose help and symtwo years, before even he made his European they feei sure. It does not concern us makes a rapid tour of the building and while pathy Siam with King of trip, rumor has credited the to be heard on all that you are acquiring new territory, and we exclamations of approval are a n.-sire to visit this country. The bill intro- have never felt the slightest alarm lest you sides few people take the trouble to study the acting chairman of should extend your dominion into the southern duced by Senator Frye, as decorations or learn the significance of the fresth^ Committee of Foreign Affairs, early In the continent; as a matter of fact, the aim of our cos, relying for Information upon the first emcountry is interest in this to representatives week tends to confirm this rumor, and it is not your Dan. an Irish messencapitalists in the development of South ploye they encounter. Improbable that the Siamese Kin;,' will make a America. We have so many undeveloped riches. ger, is a favorite with the tourists because of tour of this country" within the coming year Our rubber forests, our mines and bides inak>- a the readiness and aplomb with which he replies as the Sliest of the nation. Senator Frye's handsome return for the money invested in to all questions. them, should tempt your rich men. The Who is that.'" asked a lady wearing the inbill was inspired by the American Minister at balance and of trade Is now in your favor, and we quisitorial air peculiar to the professional tourBangkok, Hamilton King, who was unofflcially are anxious to deserve and to secure, if pospointing to a picture by Klihu Veddet v ist, inf-nned that the King projected a trip to sible, more of your patronage." Minerva. to invite Minerva, to be sure," said Dan. America. It authorizes the President Constantine Makovsky. the court paint' i of And who is that?" demanded the woman, the Kin? of Siam to visit the Western continent Russia, who is painting n portrait of the Presi- pointing to the smaller figi:re in the foreground as a pu<-st "f the United States, and approof this famous mosaic. winning golden opinions ; i the dent. Is \u25a0A near relative of her family, to be sure, repriates an unnamed sum for his entertainment. where h* (s the recipient of many social atten- sponded Dan. According t.> tn- American Minister at Bangkok, of Rusthe th- King will make the journey across the Pa- tions. He came here a.s the X"-st Count Cassini. and since his The appointment of Momdgnor Sr-aretti to cific in the royal yacht, stopping at Japan en sian Ambassador. orders, many the most in- succeed Baonsignor Chapelle in tho Philippines arrival has received route. with warm approval in Washington, teresting of which is naturally the commission meets It may b<- remembered that two brothers of for sittings are mad- in where the new- Apostolic Delegate served the President. The from Sonapandlt, Kinsr, the Prince Narefl and Princsome time as auditor of the Papal Legation. room, and Mr. Roosevelt the Cabinet will be prolonged embassy which made a headed an and tact, represented in the large camraa which Mr. Consignor Sbarettl is a man of force stay In this country in 1884 in the c>urse of has a broad knowledge of affairs in America who Makovsky at the head of plans the Cabinei eml>;i*sy was it:- tour erour.i*. th^ world. This tanle. Those \\h« know him well realize how and sympathy with its people, in the face of received hr-re with great cordiality, and enter- Impossible it would be for the President actually adverse conditions he made a notable record Until no* there has to pose, r Mirin.tr the sittings he is here, th re ,;i Havana, and his course there promises w--i! I by the government. everywhere, chatting .with visitors, giving been ii" permanent Siamese Legation at the and directions to his staff and leiling a gw»d stor; foi his career In Manila?, where he will establish being reprecapital, country that Monsignor Sbarettl is only American laughing ai one. Occasionally he will mike his headquarters. , \u0084 here by Phya Prasbiddhi, who \-..is also or a real effort t.i help the ariist by remaining forty-five years old, and comes from a noted forger* the necessity distinguished memi redited to the Court of ?t. James. Recently, nuietly «rated. butof soon conversation rolling again. Roman family, whose most however, Phya Akharaj has presented his cre- and s"*ts the ball artist, however, Russian is noted not only ber in r.-cent times waa the late Cardinal SbarThe XIII.This dentials to the President, and will establish a for his technique, bur for his sympathy with his ettl, who was a f-llow stndent ol Leo-ignal favor Th<^ now subjects, and ii is not to be doubted that he may count in a measure for the permanent legation at Washington. the hands of acceptable portraii enjoyed of the has at Loftus, Monsignor will make a more Sbaretti Siamese Minister la ac< ompanled by Mr. conventional model. the Pope. The new representative of the Roman than if he were a President embassy. who was attached to Prince Nares'a was educated Catholic Church In the Philippines I'niversiry of and a^ain visited this country In the suite of plan so far proposed to pro- a! the Roman schools and at the only practical The Ro ,ii". Upon his ordination as a priest he was the retiring minister! >1t- Loftus "ill remain vide adequate space for the President's family mice College the Urban Theology at professor of as permanent secretary of -lie new legation. and suitable offices for his staff is that fathered Of the Propaganda, where he taught for several The Crown Prince of Siam is at present In His American experience began in l^'.'-. bill into years Lodge, Senator and Introduced as a by may return possible that he England, and ii Is appointment to Havana. would give the Senate, which provides that there shall be and ended vuth his home by was of America, which him an opportunity to \isit a country in which built to the south of the Treasury Department heir One of th- most Important acts of the Philiplie has !oii£ been deeply. Interfered. Th" a building to be known as the Executive Build- pine Commission is the recommendation for "an to the Siamese throne is said to be ;» hmad first redining the floor and ing, comprising richly on gifted, who has been caremil l.d prince, Insular Bureau of Agriculture, widen shall confully educated for the exalted position he is to ception rooms, and on the second floor offices investigations and disseminate useful Inand the occupy. executive duct for the use of the President formation with reference to the agricultural requestion of the need of a clerks. There is no of the Philippine Islands, the methods sources Mr. Loud, of California, who has been chairbuilding to the White House supplementary of cultivation at present in vo^ue. ;md then imman .if the Committee of Post Offices and Post originally planned as a home for the provement, the practicability of Introducing new which was strikingly Congress, is agricultural products. The introRoads since the LlVth being allowed for offices and valuable n<> space he has the President. duction of new domesticated animals now found like General Grant in appearance: the major portion of the sec- in the islands, and shall in general seek to prooccupy now which same figure, the same determined expression and ond floor, leaving scarcely room enough for ihe mote the development of the agricultural rewears his heard after the fashion of the great field and his family. sources of the archipelago." The territorial soldier. Not long ago a grizzled veteran ap- accommodation of the PresidentThere have been of the new bureau is to include "the government destroying all privacy. Congressman; and and proached Pampanthe province California >;" farms at Magalang, in the of various plans proposed for the enlargement thrusting out his hand, said: opposed by Con- ga. and at La cariota. in the province ol West<:rant. God rest his the White House, but this is generally, government agricultural ex"1 know you ain't General and the Negros. ern Intelligent people for to gress and memory, but, gosh, if you ain't so much like stations in the provinces of lloilo, Cebu, who is build wing, or to in any way increase the size periment l.oud. [sabela, Illocos and Albay." Following this rechim Iwant to shake hands." Mr. 'naturally most would mar one of the this structure War, of himself a veteran of the Civil
GOSSIP
OF THE
CAPITAL.
acceded to the
request and gave the
a hearty grasp.
old soldier
beautiful idea
to
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ACCUSATION AGAINST GERMANY OF SAVAGE DESPOTISM
and subjected to a slavery more cruel than the serfs of Russia previous to their liberation, were even worse off than the beasts of the field, their that frequent risings '. against their oppressors, is to say. the Palish nobles, merely adding to the general chaos and confusion. Russia has been subjected to fierce abuse in Yet connection with her treatment of Poland. ii should not be forgotten that it was Russia which not only freed the Polish peasant from i".;.- horrors of serfdom, but which likewise endowed him with a proprietary right to the land A few notes in explanation \u25a0•. this condition which he tilled. Until the rebellion of 1830. the of affairs may b« of timely Interest, the more Russian portion of Poland was regarded, as a so as there has always prevailed in this coun- constitutional kingdom, subject to. the Czar. ministers, try h strong f- eiing of sympathy for the Poles Poland was governed by responsible . Americans cannot forget that the Polish patriot with a Senate and a legislative chamber; there Thaddf-us KosHuszko. to whom a memorial lias was a national army under a national flag and been erected at West Point, was one of the a separate budget. Polish was the official language, and personal liberty and freedom of the lieutenants of Washington, and thaj a number of his fellow countrymen took part' in the press were guaranteed. This worked well until the Besides, Independence. American War <>f the Paris Revolution of 1830, and Its successful upon in the Issue, led a lot of hotheaded young students at Poles have always been looked Tniud States as victims of monarchical despotWarsaw to start a movement of the same kind ism, ani as having been unjustly deprived of by a wild attempt to seize the Czar's brother their national independence in order to satisfy and Viceroy, the Grand Duke Constantine, who the territorial gieed of three unscrupulous em- until that time had been regarded as the idol of pires handed together for no other purpose than the Polish people, and who was morganatlcally a relatively small married to a Polish woman. The troops called to crush out of existence the neighboring State. upon to suppress the riot fraternized with or truth in this people, which was not unnatural seeing that While there are elements view, it is not entirely correct. The writer has they belonged to the same nationality. ,That no intention of embarking here upon any course was the end of Polish autonomy, and as soon by of Polish history or of championing the parti- as the insurrection had , been suppressed tion of the kingdom. But be would merely point means of Russian troops Poland was declared the coun- a Russian province.. out that at the time when it occurred .*•/\u25a0' » try was in a state of anarchy disturbing the From that time forth the one object and neighboring States, and due to the intolerable has by the nobility, avowed aim of the Muscovite Government oppression of the peasantry provinces of the which latter was divided into innumerable fac- been to Kussianize the Polish possible every tions, carrying on sancuinary warfare among empire and to obliterate as far as The Russian language Originally the same principle nf vestige of nationalism. themselves. schools, unipeasant and communal proprietorship of the w;:s substituted for Polish in all communiversities-, l^gal procedure and official land that exists in Russia and in the Balkan representation of Polish States prevailed in Poland. But by degrees the cations. At times the. stage, and peoPolish nobles had appropriated all the land, and plays has been forbidden on the any of the peasantry, possessed of no political rights, ple were also prohibited from ainging such bitter feelings toward their Muscovite and Teuton masters that they form a very important element of danger to both Germany and Russia, a danger which the military authorities of those two countries are obliged to take into account in considering the possibilities of war. In a word, there is no Polish question in Austria, but in Russia and in Germany the Polish questions are a source of as much trouble, anxiety and weakness as the Irish question Is to the British Empire]
.
the national songs of Poland In any public place. The Russian official, especially of the tower any grade. Is as a general rule devoid of breadth ut view, tact or sense of justice, added towto which he i.s imbued with that disposition ard despotism and tyranny peculiar to the Oriunderstood, ental races. It may readily be therefore, that the policy of Russianisatfon put Into execution by instruments of this class quickly developed into intolerable oppression. which weighed far more heavily on the travelled and enlightened Polish aristocracy than it did Indeed, the latter would upon the peasantry. have yielded thereto had it not been for their clergy.
/
The Poles in Russia, in Germany and in Austria have always been fervent Roman Catholics. The clergy of that denomination were quick to appreciate the fact that the substitution of the Russian language for Polish constituted an important steu toward the substitution of the Russian orthodox faith for the Roman Catholic Church, the conversion of the Catholic Poles to the national State Church of Russia being, indeed, an avowed feature of the scheme of Russianizing Poland. Owing to this the Roman Catholic clergy of Poland have for the last seventy years formed the most active and successful opponents of the Russian policy In Poland, and being in much closer touch and more intimate communion with the peasantry than 'any Russian official can ever hope to be have encouraged the masses to cling to their language, and to resist all attempts to Russianupon their ize them. They have impressed mind that it was their spiritual welfare which was at stake, and that it was preferable to submit to the persecution entailed by the resistance to the Russian authorities than to Imperil their salvation by making concessions, th» object of which was to bring about their abandonment of the Church of Rome for the orthodox rite. Hundreds of Roman Catholic bishops and priests In Poland have been imprisoned and exiled to Siberia. But. like their flocks, they are ready to suffer martyrdom for their faith, axid
standing are (from r!gnt to Wylie.
left
ft AJ
ommendation, and acting in rn-r»perark!« witb the Secretary of Agriculture, Secretary Root has the appointed Professor E. Lamson-Scrinner, present chief of the Bureau of Agrostology, to Agri'~>t n-partrn^nt establish the annex to the culture for which the act provides. It is in every way a happy appointment Professor Scribner has had .t lons experience in the -'thusiast Department of Agriculture, i -tudy in his special line. He has PhilipM of the agricultural possih pines, and says they are unbounded in the terriExperiment statory to which h' is assigned. tion:-:, organized on the same ::an as those in I in the Philipthis country, will be pines, hut all the scientific work will be under \u25a0
the direction of the Secretary of War. so that the bureau may have only one head. Professor Scrihner will sail for his new post early in February, and wfll take with him a large •force of agrosassistants which will inc.-; ilture and plant breeding, dairy tofogjr, plant w ork. and a hot
-
1
\u25a0
Darling, who has been appointed succeed Secretary Frank W. Hackett as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, has already assumed the duties of his department to which, th" retiring assistant secretary introduced him. Secretary Long's new aid is a man of pleasant personality and wide culture. He is a native of Vermont, and wr.? l»>rn forty-two years ago. Is a graduate of Tufts College, and began his career, as so many men in public life have begun, by teaching school in his native town of Woodstock. He afterward studied law. Is an alumnus of the Dartmouth Law College, and a member of the bar both in Maine and Vermont, where he has gained distinction in his profession. In ISS7 Mr. Darling was appointed judge of the Municipal Court at Bennington. holding this office for nine years, when he resigned to Ha become the law partner of O. M. Barber. has served in the Vermont House of Representatives, and in ISSO was elected president of the Vermont Bar Assoclaticn. Mr. Darling is a conservative and pain?*akinz man. and has held almost every municipal office in thf* gift of his
Charles H.
to
city.
ST. RULE'S
TOWER.
From The London Chronicle. St. Rule's Tower, in the town of St, Andrew's, is an evidence of the link which binds St. Andrew, to(whose fe?st ail good Sooti-hm<-n r>r" '-'\u25a0\u25a0•? day, to the country ..f whom he i* the patron, mo^k that h caO^d Regu-j legend •saint. Th* runs !us. or Rule. hroiisrM the bones of St. Andrew froinj Constantinople to Scotland, and buried them near} icoasT. on th~ spot round which the present the town of St. Andrew's afterward gr<»w. Whether story the is tree or not. there sterr.s U> be no other way to "explain the connection ol this particular with I Scotland: for h*» stems to have pa«— \u25a0 sain {he who!" of his life ut> to the moment- of his martyrdom in Hie iC.iHt. James H eertaiah associated! him with the country across the Tw<»
LOOT! Mi IS PEEIXG. From The London Chronicle. Stories of looting in Peking continue to tilt** through and a hish official of the Straits Settlements who happened to be in Peking during- (M of last year t»>!ls of ;i Chinese servant, a
OVER THE POLANDERS.
'\u25a0• disobedience of it is in this that must be sought one of the chief mem on charges of inciting sources of discontent In Russian Poland. For the authorities. One old woman, widowed and materially the lei of the Polish peasant, now an ailing, who was sent to prison for two years on! account, exclaimed pathetically in reply, owner \u25a0•;" ids land, entitled to ;t share in the this communal property, and a serf no longer, is Wo to the inquiry of the court as to what she had i Ail we ast^ia that our chilper c.nt superior to what it was in the days Of to say for herself: Polish, and not : Poland's national independence and of the op- dren should be taught religion in pression of the working classes by th>- nobility in German, so that *<\u25a0 may at least have the satisfaction of being able to pray with them." Prussia is at the present moment following in It is only during the last few years that this) programme of Germanizing the Poles has been the footsteps of Russia, and seeking to German, ize her Polish provinces, and to stamp out Polish enforced with such vigor and severity. Old Em| nationalism. Identically the same methods are peror William would never allow it.his marked j employed as on the Russian side of the border, predilection for the Pole.--, and the goodwill! and whereas the Roman Catholic Church is which he entertained for them being- popularly j !treated with the most distinguished consideraascribed to his romantic infatuation in eariyj tion in the western portion of the German em- life for the lovely Princess* Elise RadziwilL a pire, it is subjected to every kind of restrictive Polish noblewoman whom be would have marmeasure in the eastern province of Poser . ried even at the cost of his succession to the j where, as in Russia, the government sees in the throne had it not been for his father's prohibi-| Roman Catholic clergy the principal obsta- le la tion. During the first part of the present Em-] its programme for Germanizing the Poles. Cath- peror's reign the Polish aristocracy played a.i olic nobles are high in favor $t the court of Ber- great role at the court of Berlin, especially the lin. and occupy the most eminent positions in the lovely Baroness Koschiel KosehielskL whose alimperial household, in the army and in the vari- leged influence with the Kaiser constituted on one occasion the subject of a fierce public deous branches of the government administration. But only Prote9tants are appointed to any oflflce nunciation by the late Prince Bismarck. Shortly in German Poland, and everything is done to after this, however, she vanished from the court induce the rising generation to adopt the Luth- of Berlin, and Polish influence ceased to be a eran faith, not on religious grounds, hut for the factor in imperial and official circles, and topurpose of emancipating it from the spiritual. day the Kaiser is heir- held up by the Russia* and. incidentally, the political influence of the press to the obloquy of the civilized world as , Roman Catholic- clergy, which remains an ob- the oppressor of the Poles. Austria, being a Catholic power, has. of course, stacle to the Germanization of the people. As in Russia, the German officials of the lower found no foes, but rather allies and friend* class are often brutal in their methods, devoid among the Polish Roman Catholic clergy, and. I of judgment and tact, and apt to regard diso- thanks to this, has been enabled to accord to bedience to their behests as furnishing an ex- her Polish provinces a lar^e amount of aucuse for the employment of measures of an alto- tonomy, as well as the permission to obtain the It Is 'mpossible use of th«» Polish language in judicial and adgether intolerable character. to describe in anj» other language their conduct ministrative matters. The result is that the at Wreschen. where Catholic Polish children Polish party in the imperial Parliament at TH were flopped by their school teachers unit! they enna is the one upon whose support the sovern? were crippled for life for declining to learn Ger- ment can always rely, and that the aristocracy. I ' man prayers and hymns, the subsequent inter- , th» clergy and the peasantry of Austrian Poland vention in their behalf by their parents being ; alike hail Francis Joseph, in Polish, as their"I visited upon the latter with terms of imprison- | King. EX-ATTACHE.
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