Ncert Book Hindi Antral Class Xi

fo"k; lwph

vkeq[k

iii

bl ikB~;iqLrd osQ ckjs esa vaMs ds fNyosQ eksgu jkosQ'k 1 gqlSu dh dgkuh viuh ”kckuh z cM+kSnk dk cks²Mx LowQy z jkuhiqj ck”kkj edcwy fI+kQnk gqlSu 24 vkokjk elhgk z fn'kkgkjk fo".kq izHkkdj 35

vii

vaMs osQ fNyosQ ik=k ';ke jkèkk tequk

ohuk xksiky ekèko

ijnk mBus ij xSyjh okyk njok”kk [kqyk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ckb± vksj osQ njok”ks osQ vkxs ijnk yVd jgk gS ftlls irk ugha pyrk fd njok”kk [kqyk gS ;k canA dejs esa dksbZ ugha gSA ';ke lhVh ctkrk xSyjh ls vkrk gS] irywu&deh”k osQ mQij cjlkrh igusA flj Hkhsxk gSA cjlkrh ls ikuh fupqM+ jgk gSA vanj vkdj og bèkj&mèkj u”kj nkSM+krk gSA ';ke % vjs! dejk [kkyh! u HkS;k u HkkHkh! (iqdkjdj) HkkHkh! nwljs dejs ls ohuk dh vkok”k % ohuk % dkSu\ ---';ke\ ---D;k ckr gS\ ';ke % bèkj vkvks] rks crkm¡Q D;k ckr gSA ohuk mèkj ls vkrh gSA ohuk % rqEgsa Hkh vkdj bl rjg vkok”k nsus dh ”k:jr iM+rh gS\ bl rjg iqdkj jgs Fks tSls fdlh ijk, ?kj eas vk, gksA ';ke % ijk;k ?kj rks yxrk gh gS] HkkHkhA rqeus vkrs gh og uD'kk cnyk gS bl dejs dk] fd esjk vanj iSj j[kus dk gkSlyk gh ugha iM+rkA igys rks bl dejs dh ogh gkyr jgrh Fkh tks vktdy esjs dejs

va rjky 2

ohuk %

';ke %

ohuk %

';ke % ohuk % ';ke %

ohuk %

dh gSA twrs dks NksM+dj gj ph”k ;k pkjikbZ ij ;k es”k ijA vc rks eq>s bl dejs esa flI+kZQ ogh ,d dksuk xksiky HkS;k dk u”kj vkrk gS tgk¡ irywusa vkSj dksV ,d&nwljs osQ mQij V¡xs gSaA ckdh dejs dh ljdkj gh cny xbZ gSA HkS;k dh Vscy Hkh D;k ;kn djrh gksxh fd fdlh dk gkFk yxk gSA vktdy ,sls pedrh gS tSls u;h&u;h ikfy'k gksdj vkbZ gksA [kM+s xk¡o ls vk, gks tks [kM+s&[kM+s gh ckr djksxs\ cjlkrh ckgj j[k nks] lkjk dejk fHkxks jgs gksA fiQj cSBdj vkjke ls ckr djksA vHkh rqEgkjs HkS;k vkrs gSa rks rqEgsa pk; cuk nsrh g¡wA flI+kZQ pk;\ xyr ckrA ,sls lqgkus ekSle esa lw[kh pk; ugha ih tk ldrhA gjfx”k ughaA mlosQ flj ij gkFk j[kdj mldk eq¡g ckgj dh rjI+kQ dj nsrh gSA + xhyk dj jgs gksA ;g lqgkuk ekSle igys xSyjh esa NksM+ vkvksA lkjk IkQ'kZ fiQj ihNs ls [kqn gh mldh cjlkrh mrkjus yxrh gSA ykvks] mrkj nks cjlkrhA eSa gh ckgj j[k vkrh g¡wA ';ke mrkjrs&mrkjrs tSls oqQN è;ku vk tkus ls fiQj ls cjlkrh igu ysrk gSA HkkHkh] ,d ckr dgrk g¡wA D;k ckr\ cjlkrh rqeus fiQj ls igu yh\ eSa dgrh g¡w rqe rks cl---A HkkHkh] ckr rks lqu yksA eSa dgrk g¡w fd cjlkrh vkdj ,d gh ckj mrk:¡ A pk; osQ lkFk [kkus osQ fy, Hkkxdj dksbZ ph”k ys vkm¡QA lw[kh pk; dk e”kk ugha vk,xkA bl oDr ikuh ”kjk Fkek gS] fiQj ”kksj ls cjlus yxsxkA fiQj ogh [kkus dh ckr! dksbZ ,slk Hkh oDr gksrk gS tc rqEgsa [kkus dh ckr ugha lw>rh\ ---vPNk tkvks] exj ykvksxs D;k\

';ke % rqe tks dgks ys vkm¡QA bl oDr xje&xje dpkSjh vkSj leksls Hkh fey tk,¡xs vkSj--ohuk % vkSj D;k\ ';ke % vkSj--- vkSj--- dgks rks dksbZ vkSj vPNh ph”k Hkh fey ldrh gS--ohuk % cjlrs ikuh esa tkvksxs rks vPNh ph”k gh ykvksA leksls&dpkSjh D;k [kkvksxs! ';ke % vPNh ph”k--- va --- va --- rks vPNh ph”k gks ldrh gS--- va --ohuk % tkvks] pkj&N% vaMs ys vkvksA eSa rqEgsa vaMs dk gyqvk cuk nsrh g¡wA ';ke % f'ko] f'ko] f'ko! fdlh vkSj ph”k dk uke yks] HkkHkhA bl ?kj esa vaMs dk uke ys jgh gks\ tkvks tYnh ls tkdj oqQYyk dj yksA e¡qg Hkz"V gks x;k gksxkA ohuk % D;k ckr djrs gks\ (ncs Loj esa) ;gk¡ jks”k lqcg vaMs dk uk'rk gksrk gSA rqEgkjs HkkbZ lkgc us ;g fctyh dk LVkso fdlfy, ykdj j[kk gS\ ek¡th ls rks dgk Fkk fd lqcg csM&Vh ysuh gksrh gS] jlksbZ?kj ls cukdj ykus esa BaMh gks tkrh gS] blfy, ;s lksyg jQi;s [kpZ fd, gSaA ek¡th Hkh Hkksyh gSa] >V eku tkrh gSaA dksbZ buls iwNs fd LVkso rks csM&Vh osQ fy, yk, gSa] exj ;g izQkbax iSu fdl fy, yk, gSa\ blesa D;k nwèk xje gksrk gS\ ';ke % la;e] la;e] la;e! ”kjk la;e ls dke yks] HkkHkhA pkj fnu tks vaMs [kk fy, gSa os fNydksa lesr olwy gks tk,¡xsA vEek¡ osQ dku esa Hkud Hkh iM+ xbZ rks lkjs ?kj dk xaxk b'uku gks tk,xkA vkSj rqe ns[k gh jgh gks fd cknyksa dk fnu gSA fdlh dks oqQN gks&gok x;k rks--ohuk % HkbZ] rqe yksxksa dh ;g ckr esjh le> esa fcyoqQy ugha vkrhA vxj [kkuk gh gS rks mlesa fNikus dh D;k ckr gS\ lcosQ lkeus [kkvksA ek¡th ugha [kkrha] blfy, jlksbZ?kj dh ctk; ;gk¡ dejs esa cuk ysrs gSaA vkSj vaMs esa tho dgk¡ gksrk gS\ tSls nwèk] oSls vaMkA

va Ms osQ fNYkosQ 3

va rjky 4

';ke % gfj] gfj] gfj! fiQj ogh uke! HkkHkh] vkt bl cjlrs ikuh esa rqe tku fudyokvksxhA rqels dksbZ oqQN ugha dgsxkA vEek¡ esjs flj gks tk,¡xh fd lc rsjh gh djuh gSA rqe [kkvks] cukvks] tks pkgs djksA exj bl ph”k dk uke e¡qg ij er ykvksA ---ykvks] iSls fudkyksA eSa rqEgkjs fjLd ij ys vkrk g¡wA pksjh idM+h tkus ij vxj esjk uke fy;k fd ;g yk;k gS rks eSa lkI+kQ eqdj tkm¡Qxk vkSj csM&Vh osQ lkFk izQkbax iSu dk fj'rk vEek¡ dks vPNh rjg le>k n¡wxkA fdrus ys vkm¡Qμpkj fd N%\ ---,dkèk esjs dejs esa Hkh j[kk gksxkA ohuk % vPNk] rks ;g ckr gSA vki vius dejs esa--';ke % (ckr dkVdj) fiQj dgrk g¡w HkkHkh fd uke er yksA vius dejs esa u izQkbax iSu gS u LVkso tks dksbZ ph”k lkfcr dh tk losQA dPpk ykrs gSa vkSj dPpk [kkrs gSaA blhfy, lqcg nwèk dh ryc dejs esa gksrh gSA j[kus&j[kkus dk baar”kke iDdk gSA exj rqe dgks fd vEek¡ osQ lkeus Hkh ;g ckr ”kkfgj dj nsa rks gjfx”k ughaA gesa viuh vEek¡ ls Hkh I;kj gS vkSj viuh [kqjkd ls HkhA ohuk % cgqr vPNh ckr gS u! vEek¡ dh jlksbZ osQ cjru jks”k Hkz"V djrs gks] ;g vPNk I;kj gS! ns[k ysuk] dy ls rqEgkjk nwèk dk fxykl vyx u j[kok fn;k rks---A ';ke % vPNh ckr gSA rqe gekjk nwèk dk fxykl vyx j[kok nsuk vkSj ge ;g izQkbax iSu ;gk¡ ls mBok nsaxsA oSls pkgks rks vc Hkh le>kSrk gks ldrk gSA rqe ”kcku ls [kkus dk dke yks] 'kksj epkus dk ugha] vkSj eSa vHkh tkdj vkèkh ntZu og tks rqe dg jgh Fkha] yk, nsrk gw¡ A bl le>kSrs dh [kq'kh esa iSls Hkh viuh tsc ls [kpZ fd, nsrk gw¡ A ea”kwj\ vPNk] Vk&Vk! xSyjh dh rjI+kQ py nsrk gSA ohuk % lkFk esa FkksM+h fd'kfe'k Hkh ys vkukA ';ke % vks-osQ-A rqe bl chp pk; dk ikuh j[k nksA vkrs gh ,d I;kyh ihm¡QxkA

pyk tkrk gSA ohuk [k¡wVh dh rjI+kQ tkdj ogk¡ V¡xs gq, diM+s mrkjus vkSj rgkus yxrh gSA ohuk % eSa Hkh bl ?kj esa vkdj cl ;gk¡ dh&lh gqbZ tk jgh gw¡ A nks fnu ls diM+s gh izsl ugha fd,---A lkgc osQ diM+ksa dk ;g <sj rks dHkh Bhd gh ugha gksxkA eSa Vkb;k¡ vkSj diM+s vc oqQ£l;ksa osQ ihNs ugha Vk¡xus nsrh] blfy, gj ph”k [kw¡Vh ijA diM+s mrkjrs gq, eks”ks dk ,d tksM+k uhps tk fxjrk gSA yks] ;g iqjkuk eks”kk Hkh [kw¡Vh ij yVdkus dh ph”k gS! diM+s lanwd ij j[kdj eks”kk mBk ysrh gSA eks”kk oqQN Hkkjh yxrk gS] blfy, mls gkFk ls eydj ns[krh gSA rks ;g ckr gSA dy vkSj ijlksa osQ fNyosQ lkgc us eks”ks esa Hkjdj ;gk¡ yVdk j[ks gSaA budh ;g oSQlh vknr gS] ;g esjh le> esa ugha vkrhA fNYkosQ ukyh esa Mky fn, tk,¡] xanxh nwj gksA exj ughaA gÝ+rk&Hkj fNyosQ bd_s djsaxs] fiQj fMCcs esa Hkjdj ckgj ys tk,¡xs] tSls fdlh osQ fy, lkSxkr ys tk jgs gksaA eks”kk dksus esa Mky nsrh gSA vPNk] ';ke osQ vkus rd pk; dk ikuh rks j[k nw¡A osQryh mBkdj ckb± vksj osQ njok”ks dh rjI+kQ tkrh gSA ijnk mBkus ij njok”kk can feyrk gSA fdokM+ [kV[kVkrh gSA jkèkk thth! ---jkèkk thth! bruh nsj esa njok”kk can djosQ D;ksa iM+ xb±\ ”kjk [kksyuk] eq>s vanj uy ls ikuh ysuk gSA oqQN {k.kksa osQ ckn njok”ks dh oqaQMh [kqyrh gSA ohuk % D;k ckr gS] thth\ vHkh la>k Hkh ugha gqbZ vkSj rqe njok”ks can djosQ iM+ xb±\ eSaus lkspk fd dgha tsB th u vk x, gksa---A jkèkk njok”ks ls fudydj v¡xM+kbZ ysrh gS] tSls lpeqp fcLrj ls mBh gksA

va Ms osQ fNYkosQ 5

jkèkk

va rjky 6

% vkt nksigj ls gh 'kjhj oqQN VwV&lk jgk FkkA eSaus dgk fd FkksM+h nsj ysV yw¡] fiQj mBdj jksVh&oksVh dk èkaèkk djuk gksxkA ohuk % ;g ysVus dk oDr FkksM+s gh gS] chch\ cSBks] eSa pk; cuk jgh gw¡] vHkh lc yksx pk; fi,¡xsA ;s Hkh nÝ+ rj ls vkus okys gh gksaxsA cSBks] eSa mèkj ls ikuh ysdj vkrh gw¡A vanj pyh tkrh gSA jkèkk vueuh&lh [kM+h jgrh gSA {k.k Hkj ckn vanj ls ohuk osQ g¡lus dk Loj lqukbZ nsrk gSA jkèkk pkSaddj mèkj ns[krh gSA jkèkk % D;k ckr gS ohuk\ vius vki gh g¡l jgh gks\ ohuk ,d gkFk esa ikuh dh osQryh vkSj nwljs gkFk esa ,d fdrkc fy, g¡lrh gqbZ mèkj ls vkrh gSA ohuk % g¡lus dh ckr ugha gS] thth\--- ;g rqEgkjh panzdkark--jkèkk >iVdj fdrkc mlosQ gkFk ls Nhuuk pkgrh gS] exj ohuk mls >k¡lk nsdj mlosQ ikl ls fudy tkrh gSA osQryh es”k ij j[kdj og fdrkc ihNs fNik ysrh gSA jkèkk ikl vkdj fdrkc mlls Nhuus dk iz;Ru djrh gSA Nhuk>iVh esa ugha nw¡xh] thth! ,sls ek¡x yks rks ns nw¡xhA exj blesa bl rjg fNikdj i<+us dh D;k ckr gS\ eSaus rks panzdkark] panzdkark larfr vkSj HkwrukFk lc i<+ j[kh gSaA tc ge fefMy esa Fkha rks LowQy dh ykbczsjh ls ysdj i<+h FkhaA blesa ,slk rks oqQN Hkh ugha gS fd bls rfd, osQ uhps fNikdj j[kk tk, vkSj njok”ks can djosQ i<+k tk,A jkèkk % u Hkb;k u! ge ek¡th osQ lkeus ,slh ph”k dHkh ugha i<+ ldrsA dksbZ [kjkc ckr pkgs u gks exj ek¡th ns[ksaxh rks D;k lkspsaxh fd jkek;.k ugha] egkHkkjr ugha] fnuHkj cSBdj ,sls fdLls gh i<+k djrh gSaA vkSj ge i<+rs Hkh dgk¡ gSa\ gedks rks dkS'kY;k HkkHkh us ”kcjnLrh ns nh rks ge mBk yk,] ugha ge rks ,slh ph”k dHkh ugha i<+rsA ?kj osQ dke&èkaèks ls I+kqQjlr yxs] rks oqQN i<+sa HkhA vkSj gekjs

ohuk % jkèkk % ohuk %

jkèkk

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ohuk %

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ohuk jkèkk ohuk jkèkk ohuk jkèkk

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ikl viuh xqVdk jkek;.k gS] dHkh&dHkh mlesa ls gh FkksM+k&cgqr ck¡p ysrs gSaA rqe tkuks bl ?kj esa ;s lc i<+saxs rks tku ugha fudky nh tk,xh\ ;g rks dkS'kY;k HkkHkh gekjs ihNs iM+ xb± fd ”k:j i<+ks ugha rks D;k--;g rks eSa Hkh dgrh g¡w] thth] fd ”k:j i<+ksA cgqr gh baVªs¯LVx fdrkc gSA ”kjk cpdkuk VsLV dh ”k:j gS] exj--(fp<+dj) gk¡ HkkbZ] ge rqEgkjh rjg i<+s&fy[ks rks gSa ugha ! esjk ;g eryc FkksM+s gh gS] thth! esjk eryc rks ;g gS fd rqe jkek;.k] egkHkkjr i<+us okyh gks] rqEgsa ;g fdrkc ”kjk cpdkuk VsLV dh ekywe gksxhA og ckr rks gS ghA ---exj lp dgsa] ohuk] rks blesa Hkh rks 'kwjohjrk dh gh dgkuh gSA ftl rjg Hkxoku jke lhrk osQ fy, ou&ou esa ekjs&ekjs fiQjrs gSa] mlh rjg oq¡Qvj ohjsanz ¯lg panzdkark osQ fy, frfyLe osQ vanj ?kwers&fiQjrs gSa vkSj--(g¡lrh gqbZ) vkSj ftl rjg Hkxoku jke leqnz yk¡?kdj lhrk dk m¼kj djrs gSa] mlh rjg oq¡Qvj ohjsanz ¯lg frfyLe rksM+dj panzdkark dk m¼kj djrs gSaA frfyLe rksM+uk cfYd leqnz yk¡?kus ls ”;knk eqf'dy dke gSA (mRlqdrkiwoZd) vPNk] ,d ckr rks crkvks] ohukA rqeus rks lkjh fdrkc i<+h gSA var esa tkdj oudU;k dk D;k gksrk gS\ oq¡Qvj ohjsanz ¯lg osQ lkFk mldk C;kg gks tkrk gS fd ugha\ esjk fny rks dgrk gS fd gks tkrk gSA gk¡] gk¡] ”k:j gks tkrk gSA vkSj panzdkark osQ lkFk\ mlosQ lkFk Hkh gks tkrk gSA nksuksa osQ lkFk gh gks tkrk gS\ gk¡ Hkh vkSj ugha HkhA gk¡ Hkh vkSj ugha Hkh] ;g oSQls\

va Ms osQ fNYkosQ 7

va rjky 8

ohuk % ;gh crk fn;k rks fiQj i<+uk D;k jg x;k\ tc i<+ yksxh rks vius vki irk py tk,xk] (fdrkc nsrh gqbZ) ;g fdrkc ys yksA exj vHkh ls njok”kk can djosQ ugha i<+us n¡wxhA jkr dks tc lc yksx lks tk,¡xs rks eksecÙkh tykdj i<+ukA eSa Hkh dbZ fnuksa ls lksprh Fkh fd jkr dks rqe eksecÙkh tykdj D;k djrh jgrh gksA ---vHkh ;gk¡ cSBksA mls ck¡g idM+dj iyax ij cSBk nsrh gS vkSj nh gqbZ fdrkc Hkh mlosQ gkFk ls ysdj iyax ij isaQd nsrh gSA jkèkk % vPNk ohuk] ;s ckck th egkjkt dkSu gSa\ ohuk % dkSu ls ckck th egkjkt\ jkèkk % ogh tks ohjsanz ¯lg dks vkRegR;k ls jksdrs gSaA ohuk % rqe vHkh rd mlh nqfu;k esa ?kwe jgh gks] thth\ vc FkksM+h nsj osQ fy, rks frfyLe ls ckgj fudy vkvksA osQryh LVkso ij j[kdj fLop vkWu dj nsrh gSA ckgj ls xksiky vkrk gSA o"kkZ dh iqQgkj ls mlosQ diM+s ”kjk&”kjk Hkhx jgs gSaA xksiky % okg] vkt osQryh igys ls gh j[kh gqbZ gS! cgqr lgh vank”kk gS oDr dkA ohuk % bl xyrI+kQgeh esa er jfg, fd vkiosQ fy, pk; dk ikuh j[kk x;k gSA ;g osQryh ';ke osQ fy, j[kh xbZ gSA vki vk x, gSa blfy, ,d I;kyh vkidks Hkh fey tk,xhA xksiky % D;k ckr gS] vktdy ';ke ij cgqr esgjcku gks jgh gks\ ohuk % thth cSBh gSa] ;s rks eq>ls ”;knk tkurh gksaxhA xksiky % ns[kks] gekjh HkkHkh osQ fy, oqQN er dgukA gekjh HkkHkh nsoh dh izfrek gSa] rqEgkjh rjg ugha gSaA rqe rks fnuHkj cSBh ^la”k ,aM yo”kZ* i<+rh jgrh gks vkSj HkkHkh i<+rh gSa jkek;.k] egkHkkjrA ohuk % ('kjkjr osQ ygts esa) lp\

xksiky % lp ugha rks D;k\ D;ksa HkkHkh\ jkèkk % (f[kfl;kbZ&lh) HkbZ] ge oqQN Hkh ugha i<+rsA gesa fnuHkj dke ls I+kqQjlr feyrh gS tks i<+sa&i<+k,¡\ dHkh nl feuV fey x, rks pkj v{kj ck¡p fy,A xksiky % oDr u feys] ;g vkSj ckr gSA ij i<+us osQ fy, rqeus xqVdk jkek;.k j[k rks NksM+h gS\ eu esa Hkkouk gksuh pkfg,A ohuk % vkt thth dh xqVdk jkek;.k eSa bèkj mBk ykbZ gw¡ A thth rks ykus gh u nsrh FkhaA vHkh&vHkh vkiosQ vkus ls igys eSa buls leqnz ya?ku dh dFkk lqu jgh FkhA xksiky % ;g rks cgqr gh vPNh ckr gSA rqeus ch-,- ikl rks fd;k gS] exj tks fo|k rqEgsa HkkHkh ls fey ldrh gS] og LowQyksa&dkystksa esa ugha i<+kbZ tkrhA D;ksa HkkHkh\ jkèkk % HkS;k] ge fdlh dks D;k i<+k,¡xs\ ge rks vki gh vui<+ gSaA ge rks ohuk osQ ikl blhfy, vk cSBrs gSa fd nks&pkj vPNs v{kj blls lh[k tk,¡A xksiky % rqe] vkSj blls lh[kksxh\ ;g mYkVh jhr ;gk¡ ugha py ldrh] HkkHkh! nLrwj ;gh gS fd cM+k cM+s dh txg vkSj NksVk NksVs dh txgA (tsc ls flxjsV dh fMCch fudkyrk gqvk) btk”kr gks rks--- v---v---;g ”kjk---;g ,d flxjsV lqyxk yw¡A cgqr nsj ls ugha ihA (flxjsV lqyxkrk gqvk) ckfj'k dk fnu gS] blfy, rch;r ugha ekurhA ohuk % vki rks dgrs Fks fd vki ?kj esa fdlh osQ lkeus ugha ihrsA xksiky % cl flI+kZQ HkkHkh osQ lkeus ih ysrk gw¡ A og Hkh blfy, fd HkkHkh us ,d ckj xSyjh esa fNidj ihrs gq, ns[k fy;k FkkA tc pksjh idM+ gh yh xbZ rks geus bdcky dj fy;kA mlosQ ckn ls HkkHkh dh bruh esgjckuh jgh fd tc&tc ”k:jr iM+rh Fkh] buosQ dejs esa fNidj ih ysrs FksA vkt ik¡p cjl gks x, exj eT+kky gS fd tks HkkHkh osQ vykok fdlh dks irk rd pyk gksA

va Ms osQ fNYkosQ 9

va rjky 10

ohuk % gk¡] gk¡] D;ksa irk pyk gksxk\ chch us tsB th dks crk;k FkksM+s gh gksxk\ jkèkk % gels dksbZ dle mBok ys tks geus crk;k gksA gekjh ;g vknr ugha gS fd bèkj dh ckr mèkj vkSj mèkj dh ckr bèkj yxkrs fiQjsaA tc ,d ckj geus dg fn;k fd fdlh ls ugha dgsaxs] rks fdlh ls ugha dgkA fny esa j[kus dh ckr ge fny esa gh j[krs gSaA xksiky % vkSj D;k\ fny esa j[kus dh ckr fny esa j[kuh gh pkfg,A ---ikuh [kkSy x;k fd ugha\ ohuk % cl vHkh gqvk tkrk gSA mruh nsj esa ';ke Hkh vk tk,xk! ';ke cjlkrh dh tscksa esa gkFk Mkys gq, ckgj ls vkrk gSA ';ke % yks HkkHkh] ys vk;kA vc rqe tkuks vkSj rqEgkjk dkeA jkèkk dks ns[kdj ”kjk vleatl esa iM+ tkrk gSA vjs] cM+h HkkHkh Hkh ;gk¡ ij gSa\ rc rks--xyk lkI+kQ djrs gq, pqi dj tkrk gSA ohuk % ;g viuh cjlkrh rks ckgj mrkj nksA vHkh rd blls ikuh Vid jgk gSA ';ke % og ckr rks Bhd gS HkkHkh] exj--ohuk % exj D;k\ ';ke % exj ;g fd HkkHkh og tks--- og tks rqeus dgk Fkk] og--ohuk % yk, ugha\ ';ke % y&yk;k rks ”k:j gw¡ e&exj--ohuk % exj thth ls Mj yxrk gS] ;gh u\ Mjus dh dksbZ ckr ugha] thth fdlh ls ugha dgsaxhA ykvks] fudkyksA ';ke % (”kjk [k¡[kkjdj) vkSj vxj ckn esa---\ ohuk % ugha] ckn esa oqQN ugha gksrkA ykvks] fudkyksA xksiky % D;k ph”k gS ftlosQ fy, bruh ghy&gqTtr gks jgh gS\ ohuk % oqQN ugha] vkèkk ntZu vaMs e¡xok, gSaA dg jgk Fkk fd lw[kh pk; ugha ihm¡Qxk] rks eSaus dgk fd vaMs dk gyqvk cuk, nsrh gw¡ A

xksiky % vaMs dk gyqvk\ ;g rqEgsa D;k lw>h gS\ eSaus rqEgsa vPNh rjg le>k fn;k Fkk] fiQj Hkh rqe---\ ohuk % (';ke ls) rqe D;ksa dkB ls ogk¡ [kM+s gks\ vaMs eq>s ns nks] vkSj cjlkrh mrkjdj ckgj j[k nksA (xksiky ls) vkidks tc nhnh ls flxjsV dk fNiko ugha gS] rks vaMs dk fNiko j[kus dh D;k ”k:jr gS\ (';ke ls) ykvks ';ke] nks eq>sA ';ke {k.k Hkj dh fgpfdPkkgV osQ ckn nksuksa tscksa ls gkFk fudkyrk gSA mlosQ ,d&,d gkFk esa rhu&rhu vaMs gSaA ohuk vaMs mlls ys ysrh gS vkSj og cjlkrh mrkjdj xSyjh esa NksM+ vkrk gSA xksiky % (vO;ofLFkr&lk) ns[kks ohuk---eSaus rqels dgk Fkk fd ?kj esa---?kj esa ;g ph”k Bhd ugha gSA vkneh ckgj tkdj [kk ys] og vkSj ckr gSA exj ?kj esa--ohuk % ?kj esa ?kj osQ vkneh ns[k ysaxs] bruh gh rks ckr gS u\ rks thth ls rks fdlh ckr dk ijnk gS ughaA ;s vkt u ns[krha rks fdlh vkSj fnu ns[k ysrhaA tc jks”k losjs--xksiky % vyyyyy] D;k cd jgh gks\ oqQN gks'k dh nok djks A jkèkk % lp iwNks xksiky rks gesa bl ph”k dk igys ls gh irk gSA ';ke eqLkdjkrk gSA xksiky csdl&lk vkjke oqQjlh ij iM+ tkrk gSA xksiky % fdl ph”k dk irk gS\ jkèkk % bl ph”k dk fd jks”k losjs pk; osQ lkFk rqEgkjs dejs esa D;k curk gSA ryus dh vkok”k rks NksM+ks] rqe tkuks [kq'kcw Hkh rks mèkj tkrh gSA xksiky % fdl ph”k dh [kq'kcw tkrh gS\ jkèkk % tks ph”k curh gS] mlh dh [kq'kcw vkrh gS] vkSj fdl ph”k dh vk,xh\

va Ms osQ fNYkosQ 11

va rjky 12

ohuk % yhft,] vkSj fNikb,A thth rks [kq'kcw ls ;g Hkh igpku ysrh gksaxh fd fdl fnu vkeysV curk gS vkSj fdl fnu vaMs izQkbZ gksrs gSaA jkèkk % ”k:j tku ysrs gSaA vkt losjs rqeus vkeysV cuk, FksA cuk, Fks fd ugha\ ohuk % thth] tc rqe [kq'kcw igpkurh gks] rc rks ”k:j rqe Hkh--jkèkk % (ckr dkVdj) uA ge dHkh ugha [kkrsA pkgs gesa fdlh dh dle fnyk yksA [kq'kcw rks rqe tkuks gj ph”k dh vyx gh gksrh gSA [kk;k ugha gS rks D;k! ';ke % lw¡?kk Hkh ugha gS\ ---cM+h HkkHkh] rqEgkjh ukd cgqr rs”k gSA ohuk bl chp vaMs ,d di esa rksM+us yxrh gS vkSj fNyosQ es”k ij j[krh tkrh gSA jkèkk % cM+ h HkkHkh dh ukd gh ugha] vk¡[ksa Hkh cgqr rs”k gSaA xksiky % (jkèkk ls) ns[kks HkkHkh] vc rqEgsa lc ekywe gh gS] exj HkS;k dks ugha crkukA mudk LoHkko rks rqe tkurh gh gksA ekIkQ+ dj nsa rks cM+h&cM+h ckr ekIkQ+ dj nsAa vkSj ukjk”k gksa tk,¡ rks cl NksVh ls NksVh ckr ij--jkèkk % os ukjk”k gksrs gSa rks fdlh ckr ij gh ukjk”k gksrs gSaA exj rqe dgrs gks fd mUgsa u crkm¡Q] rks eSa ugha crkm¡QxhA exj ;g ckr Bhd ugha fd lc njok”ks [kqys gSa vkSj rqe ;gk¡ vaMs cuk jgs gksA dksbZ ckgj ls vk x;k rks gekjk dguk u dguk lc cjkcj gSA osQryh esa ikuh [kkSyus yxrk gSA ohuk vaMs isaQVrh gSA xksiky % ;g ckr rqe Bhd dg jgh gks] HkkHkhA eSaus fdruh gh ckj blls dgk gS fd oqQN cukuk gh gks rks lc njok”ks can dj fy;k djksA ';ke] ckgj dk njok”kk can dj nsA ohuk % ';ke] igys ”kjk ;s osQryh LVkso ls mrkjdj mèkj j[k ns vkSj eq>s ?kh dk fMCck idM+k nsA eSa >V ls gyqvk cuk nw¡A cuus esa rks nks&,d feuV gh yxsaxsA ';ke ml rjI+kQ pyk tkrk gS vkSj mldk dke djus yxrk gSA

jkèkk

%

ohuk % ';ke % ohuk %

tequk % xksiky % ';ke %

jkèkk % xksiky %

tequk %

vyekjh ls IysVsa Hkh fudky yksA (jkèkk ls) thth] FkksM+k&lk gyqvk rks rqe Hkh yksxh u\ izQkbax iSu LVkso ij j[kdj mlesa ?kh Mkyrh gSA (vueus Loj esa) HkS;k] geus dg fn;k fd geus u dHkh [kk;k gS vkSj u gh dHkh [kk ldrs gSaA ikl cSBs gSa] blfy, pk; dh ,d I;kyh ”k:j ys ysaxsA ohuk vaMs dk ?kksy phuh feykdj izQkbax iSu esa Mky nsrh gS vkSj tYnh&tYnh fgykus yxrh gSA ';ke IysVsa fudkydj ykrk gSA rqels dgk Fkk lkFk fd'kfe'k Hkh ykuk] yk, gks\ fd'kfe'k rks Hkwy gh x;k] HkkHkhA dgks rks vc tkdj--vc jgus nksA eq>ls ;g ugha dguk fd gyqvk vPNk ugha cukA cxSj fd'kfe'k osQ vaMs dk gyqvk! nwj ls tequk nsoh dh vkok”k lqukbZ nsrh gS % ohuk! vks ohuk! xksiky vHkh vk;k gS fd ugha\ (ncs gq, Lojksa esa) ';ke! rqels dgk Fkk njok”kk can dj nks vkSj rqe---! vHkh dj jgk gw¡ A tYnh ls tkdj njok”ks osQ fdokM+ feyk nsrk gS vkSj ogha [kM+k gks tkrk gSA ek¡th vk jgh gSa] vc tYnh ls oqQN bar”kke djksA gk¡] gk¡ tYnh oqQN bar”kke djksA ;g fNyosQ---;g gyqvk--tYnh ls ohuk dk taij mBkdj fNydksa ij Mky nsrk gS vkSj phuh dh ,d IysV ysdj izQkbax iSu dks mlls <¡d nsrk gSA ohuk!--- ohuk! njok”ks osQ ikl vkdj njok”ks dks èkosQydj [kksyrh gSA ';ke oaQèks fgykdj ikl ls gV tkrk gSA

va Ms osQ fNYkosQ 13

va rjky 14

tequk % D;k ckr gS] bl rjg njok”kk can D;ksa dj j[kk Fkk\ ';ke rks njok”ks osQ vkxs ,sls [kM+k Fkk tSls vanj fdlh vkSj dks jksd j[kk gksA D;k ckr gS] lc yksx bl rjg pqipki D;ksa gks x, gks\ xksiky % oqQ&oqQN ugha] ek¡ ! rq&rqe v&vkvks vkvksA njok”kk [kqyk gh FkkA ';ke rks ,sls gh ogk¡ [kM+k FkkA vkvks] cSBksA tequk % vkt nks ?kaVs ls esjs dejs dh Nr pw jgh gSA eSaus fdruh ckj dgk Fkk fd fyikbZ djk nks] ugha rks cjlkr esa rdyhI+kQ gksxhA exj esjh ckr rks rqe lc yksx lquh&vulquh dj nsrs gksA oqQN Hkh dg¡]w cl gk¡ ek¡] dy djk nsaxs ek¡] dgdj Vky nsrs gksA vc ns[kks pydj oSQls gj ph”k Hkhx jgh gS! ---D;k ckr gS] lc yksx xqelqe D;kas gks x, gks\ ---ohuk] rw bl oDr ;g pEep fy, D;ksa [kM+h gS\ vkSj xksiky rw ogk¡ D;k dj jgk gS dksus esa\ xksiky % oqQ&oqQN ugha] ek¡] ;g---og---og ogk¡ ij---D;k uke gS mldk--og---og---ohuk dk gkFk ”kjk ty x;k FkkA eSa blosQ fy, ejge <w¡<+ jgk FkkA tequk % gkFk ty x;k] oSQls\ eSa ns[k¡w rksA ikl tkdj ohuk osQ nksuksa gkFk idM+dj ns[krh gSA ohuk % ugha ek¡th] ,slk oqQN ugha tyk gSA ;s rks cl ;w¡ gh---;w¡ gh ¯prk djus yxrs gSaA cl ”kjk&lk gh FkkA gkFk ls ey fn;k] Bhd gks x;kA xksiky % gk¡] oSls rks fcyoqQy Bhd gks x;kA exj eSaus dgk fd ejge fey tk, rks fiQj Hkh yxk nw¡A dHkh oDr ij irk ugha pyrk vkSj ckn esa rdyhI+kQ c<+ tkrh gSA dgrs gSa fd fizosa'ku b”k cSVj nSu D;ksj] eryc fd ckn esa bykt djus ls igys ,gfr;kr cjruk ”;knk vPNk gSA blfy, eSaus lkspk fd ,gfr;kr osQ rkSj ij FkksM+h ejge yxk nw¡A tequk % exj bldk gkFk tyk oSQls\ bl oDr ;g ,slk D;k dke dj jgh Fkh\ xksiky % oqQN ugha] oqQN ughaA dj oqQN ugha jgh FkhA ';ke us dgk Fkk ”kjk pk; cuk nks rks mlosQ fy, pk; cuk jgh FkhA ;w¡ pk; cukus esa gkFk

ohuk % xksiky %

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xksiky % tequk %

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tyuk ugha pkfg,] exj ck”k oDr gksrk gSA tyuk Fkk] lks ty x;kA oSls ¯prk dh dksbZ ckr ughaA eSa vHkh ejge yxk nsrk gw¡A vkSj ejge ugha Hkh feyrk rks dksbZ ckr ughaA vius vki Bhd gks tk,xkA fcyoqQy ekewyh&lk Hkh D;k] ;gh le>ks fd tyk gh ugha gSA vc rks eglwl Hkh ugha gksrk gksxkA D;ksa ohuk\ th gk¡] fcYkoqQy eglwl ugha gksrkA vkSj D;k\ eglwl gksus dh dksbZ ckr ugha FkhA rqe ukgd fI+kQØ dj jgh gks vEek¡] fI+kQØ djus dh dksbZ ckr gh ugha gSA rqe [kqn ns[k jgh gks] gkFk fcYkoqQy Bhd gks x;k gSA eSa igys gh dg jgh Fkh fd ;g ejnwn fctyh dk pwYgk ?kj esa u ykvksA exj ek¡ dh ckr fdlh osQ dku esa tkrh gks rks u! ;g ejnwn gkFk ugha tyk,xk] rks djaV ekjsxk] djaV ugha ekjsxk rks gkFk tyk,xkA gekjs ”kekus esa fdlh us ,slh ph”kksa dk uke Hkh ugha lquk Fkk---;g blosQ Åij D;k j[kk gS\ ;g LVkso osQ Åij\ ;g---;g---vEek¡ izQkbax iSu gS---izQkbax iSu--eryc ryus dh og---D;k dgrs gS] og---A ryus dh D;k\ D;k cgw ;gk¡ vyx ls rqEgsa ph”ksa ry&rydj f[kykrh gS\ yxrk gS blesa dksbZ ph”k cukdj j[kh gSA (ikl tkrh gqbZ) eSa Hkh rks ns[kw¡ fd u;h cgw D;k&D;k cukdj f[kykrh gSA izQkbax iSu ls IysV mBkus yxrh gSA xksiky tkdj mls chp esa gh jksd nsrk gSA u u u u u vEek¡] bls gkFk er yxkuk] gkFk er yxkukA rq&rqe vki gh dg jgh Fkha fd ;g gkFk ugha tyk,xk rks djaV ekjsxk] vkSj djaV ugha ekjsxk rks gkFk tyk,xkA ,slh ejnwn ph”k dk oqQN irk FkksM+s gh gS] vEek¡! eSa rks iNrk jgk gw¡ fd D;ksa bls ?kj esa ys vk;kA og okil ys ys rks eSa vHkh tkdj bls okil dj nw¡A eq>s irk FkksM+s gh Fkk fd bldh otg ls---

va Ms osQ fNYkosQ 15

tequk % xksiky % va rjky 16

tequk % xksiky % ';ke % ohuk %

jkèkk % xksiky % jkèkk %

xksiky %

';ke bl chp pkjikbZ ls paædkark mBkdj mlosQ iUus iyVus yxrk gSA ,d ckj jkèkk dh vksj ns[kdj og FkksM+k [k¡[kkjrk gSA jkèkk xaHkhj eqæk cuk, cSBh jgrh gSA exj ;g rks cq>k gqvk gSA ;g cq>k gqvk Hkh djaV ekjrk gS D;k\ gk¡ vEek¡] dHkh&dHkh ;g cq>k gqvk Hkh djaV ekj nsrk gSA bldk dksbZ Hkjkslk FkksM+s gh gS\ ,slh ph”k ls nwj gh jgk tk, rks vPNk gSA dgha rqEgkjk Hkh gkFk ty&tyk x;k rks eqlhcr gksxhA vPNk ugha gkFk yxkrhA exj crk rks lgh fd bl ij NksVh cgw rsjs fy, cukrh D;k&D;k gSA bl oDr Hkh rks oqQN cuk j[kk gSA oqQN ugha vEek¡] blesa oqQN [kkl ph”k ugha gSA ;g ';ke ”kjk dg jgk Fkk] rks mlosQ fy,--(lglk pkSaddj tSls lI+kQkbZ nsrk gqvk) HkS;k] eSaus dgk¡ dgk Fkk\ og rks [kqn HkkHkh dk gh [k;ky FkkA D;ksa HkkHkh\ gk¡] gk¡] eSa dc dgrh gw¡ fd eSaus ugha dgk Fkk\ Bhd gS] eSaus gh rqels dgk Fkk---! jkèkk lglk mBdj ikl vk tkrh gSA ohuk us Hkh ugha] cfYd geus dgk Fkk---! (tSls vkleku ls fxjdj) HkkHkh! gk¡] gk¡] Bhd ckr rks gSa geha us ohuk ls ”kksj nsdj dgk Fkk fd iqyfVl cukdj ';ke osQ ck¡èk nksA bls vius rucnu dh gks'k rks jgrh ughaA fØosQV [ksyus esa dgha V[kus ij xsan yx xbZ gSA nks fnu ls dg jgk gS fd pyus esa ”kksj iM+rk gSA geus dgk fd BaM dk fnu gS] dgha nnZ c<+&c<+k x;k rks cSBdj nks fnu geha ls ekfy'k djokrs jgsaxsA ohuk us iqyfVl cuk fn;k gSA vHkh ck¡èk nsaxs rks jkr rd Bhd gks tk,xkA xksiky ÑrKrk osQ Hkko ls jkèkk dh rjI+kQ ns[krk gSA ;gh rks eSa dg jgk FkkA ;g yM+ dk viuh lsgr dk ”kjk [k;ky ugha j[krkA ckn esa tc ”;knk fcxkM+ gks tkrk gS rks eqlhcr ?kj okyksa

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tequk %

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dh gksrh gSA (';ke dks vk¡[k ls b'kkjk djosQ) vc iqyfVl c¡èkokdj pqiosQ ls ysV jgukA le>s\ ykvks eSa gh iqyfVl ck¡èk nsrh gwA¡ dksbZ iqjkuk diM+k&oiM+k gks rks nks! ---dgha dksbZ u;h èkksrh u iQkM+ nsukA ;g ns[kks] u, diM+ksa dk D;k gky dj j[kk gS\ ;g js'keh taij es”k ij D;ksa Mky j[kk gS\ ;g es”k lkI+kQ djus osQ fy, gS\ es”k ls taij mBkuk pkgrh gSA exj xksiky fiQj chp esa vkdj jksd nsrk gSA jgus nks] jgus nks vEek¡] D;k x”kc djrh gks\ ;s dke rqEgkjs djus osQ gSa tks rqe dj jgh gks\ eSyk diM+k gS] [kw¡Vh ls es”k ij fxj x;k gksxkA vHkh ohuk mBkdj j[k nsxhA ;g eSyk diM+k gS\ vkSj ogk¡ mruh nwj [kw¡Vh ls owQndj ;gk¡ es”k ij vk x;k\ rqe yksxksa osQ yPNu ”kjk Hkh esjh le> esa ugha vkrsA u;k taij gS] vHkh nks ckj Hkh ugha iguk gksxk] vkSj bl rjg ;gk¡ fxjk j[kk gSA gVks] rqe yksx ?kj mtkM+us ij rqys gks] rks eq>s rks ?kj dh ¯prk gSA brus diM+s bèkj&mèkj fc[kjs iM+s gSa] buesa fVfa;k¡ yx tk,¡xh rks\ fiQj taij mBkus yxrh gS] exj xksiky mls oaQèks ls idM+dj iyax dh rjI+kQ ys pyrk gSA vEek¡] ugha yxsaxh fVfa;k¡A rqe rks [kke[kkg ¯prk djrh gks ;gk¡ iyax ij cSBks vkSj FkksM+h nsj vkjke djksA cSBks] cSBks---;g bl rjI+kQ---! mls nksuksa oaQèkksa ls idM+dj iyax ij fcBk nsrk gSA gk¡] gk¡] cSBdj vkjke d:¡ vkSj esjh txg dke dksbZ nwljk djsxkA ?kj esa djus dks brus dke iM+s gSaA bls iqyfVl ck¡èk nw¡ rks tkm¡QA nwljksa dh eqlhcr dj nsrk gS vkSj vki fdrkcsa i<+rk jgrk gSA ---yk] eq>s ns ;g fdrkc vkSj ;gk¡ vkdj ysV tkA

va Ms osQ fNYkosQ 17

';ke % ohuk % va rjky 18

';ke % tequk % ';ke %

tequk % ';ke % xksiky % tequk % xksiky %

mBdj ';ke osQ gkFk ls fdrkc ys ysrh gSA ;g dkSu lh fdrkc gS\ ;g fdrkc\ ---;g vEek¡---;g esjs dkslZ dh---eryc esjs dkslZ dh fdrkc ugha gS ;g---'kk;n ;g HkkHkh dh fdrkc gS--;g thth dh xqVdk jkek;.k gS] ek¡th! thth i<+rh&i<+rh ;gk¡ ys vkbZ FkhaA gk¡] gk¡] gk¡! HkkHkh dh xqVdk jkek;.k gh rks gSA eSa dg jgk Fkk fd yxrh rks xqVdk jkek;.k tSlh gh gSA exj xqVdk jkek;.k rks cgqr NksVh gksrh gSA ;g rks bruh cM+h fdrkc gSA gk¡ vEek¡] igys ;g NksVh Fkh] vc ;g---esjk eryc gS vEek¡ fd bldk igyk ,Mh'ku NksVk Fkk] exj tks u;k ,Mh'ku vk;k gS] og igys ls cM+k gSA buosQ lkb”k cnyrs jgrs gSa] ;g dksbZ [kkl ckr ugha gS! pyks vEek¡] rqEgsa cgqr dke gS] eSa rqEgsa rqEgkjs dejs esa igq¡pk nw¡] xSyjh esa v¡èksjk gS] dgha iSj mYkVk&lhèkk iM+ x;k rks vkSj eqlhcr gksxhA pyus dks rS;kj gks tkrk gSA ik¡o esjk mYkVk iM+sxk ;k rsjk ftls pksV yxh gS\ eSa dg jgh gw¡ ysV tk] vkSj og eq>s dejs esa NksM+us tk,xkA vjs gk¡! esjs rks ik¡o esa pksV yxh gS eSa ;g ckr Hkwy gh x;k FkkA eSa HkkHkh ls iqyfVl c¡èkokrk gw¡A xksiky HkS;k rqEgsa NksM+ vkrs gSaA gk¡] vEek¡] pyks eSa NksM+ vkrk gw¡A exj eSa dgrh Fkh fd eSa bls iqyfVl ck¡èk nsrh--mldh rqe ¯prk u djks] vEek¡A ohuk cgqr vPNh rjg ck¡èk nsxhA vkvks] esjk gkFk idM+dj lkFk&lkFk vk tkvksA xSyjh esa okdbZ cgqr v¡èksjk gSA

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xksiky %

ekèko % xksiky % ekèko %

ck¡g idM+dj mls lkFk ys pyrk gSA mlosQ ckgj fudyrs gh ';ke izQkbax iSu ij >iV iM+rk gSA HkkHkh] eSa ”kjk tYnh ls ;g iqyfVl fuxy yw¡A vxj cM+s HkS;k Hkh vk x, rks dgha lpeqp gh bls V[kus ij u c¡èkokuk iM+sA Bgjks] ”kjk lcz ls dke yks] mUgsa Hkh vk tkus nksA xyr ckr gSA pEep Hkj&Hkjdj gyqvk eq¡g esa Mkyus yxrk gSA HkkHkh] lp dgrk gw¡ fd cxSj fd'kfe'k osQ Hkh bruk e”ksnkj cuk gS] bruk e”ksnkj cuk gS fd ftruh rkjhI+kQ d:¡ FkksM+h gSA xksiky ?kcjk;k&lk tYnh&tYnh vkrk gSA bl iqyfVl dks tYnh ls bèkj&mèkj djks] HkS;k vk jgs gSaA iqyfVl dh rks vki ”kjk ¯prk u djsaA bls rks eSa vHkh lkI+kQ fd, nsrk gw¡] vki fNydksa osQ bar”kke dh lkspsaA tYnh&tYnh [kkrk gSA xksiky taij mBkdj ohuk dks nsrk gSA bl taij dks mèkj j[kks vkSj ;s fNyosQ---bUgsa rqe tYnh ls esjs fdlh eks”ks esa Mky nksA exj vkiosQ lc eks”ks rks igys gh iqjkus fNydksa ls Hkjs gq, gSaA xksiky fNyosQ es”k ls mBk ysrk gS vkSj mUgsa gkFkksa esa fy, gq, vleatl esa bèkj&mèkj ns[krk gSA rks vkSj fdl ph”k esa Mky nsa\ esjk Vksi gh ys vkvks] ;k tYnh ls esjs dksV dh tsc esa Hkj nksA lglk ekèko xSyjh ls vanj vk tkrk gSA D;ksa HkkbZ] D;k Hkj jgs gks dksV dh tscksa esa\ dksbZ esjs u ns[kus dh ph”k rks ugha\ (grk'k Hkko ls) vkb,] vkb, HkS;kA vk tkb,] vk tkb,A eSa ;w¡ gh ”kjk bu yksxksa ls e”kkd dj jgk FkkA e”kkd dj jgs Fks fd fNyosQ rqEgkjh tsc esa fNik fn, tk,¡A g¡lrk gqvk LVkso dh rjI+kQ tkrk gSA

va Ms osQ fNYkosQ 19

va rjky 20

xksiky % th gk¡---th ugha---e”kkd ugha---esjk eryc ;g gS fd--ekèko % rqEgkjk eryc eSa le>rk gw¡ A vkSj rqe D;k [kkdj eq¡g iksaN jgs gks ';ke ckcw\ ';ke % eS\a eSa HkS;k---;g esjs fy,---esjs fy, HkkHkh us iqyfVl cukbZ Fkh--ekèko % iqyfVl cukbZ Fkh\ vkSj rqe og iqyfVl xys ls uhps mrkj x,! (g¡ldj) [kwc! rks vktdy iqyfVl [kkus osQ dke Hkh vkus yxhA Hkyk ;g rks crkvks fd fdl ph”k dh iqyfVl Fkh\ ftl ph”k osQ ;g fNyosQ gSa] mlh dh ;k---\ ';ke fcYkoqQy ?kcjk tkrk gSA ';ke % HkS;k] Fkh rks ;g iqyfVl gh] exj tYnh esa eSaus---esjk eryc gS fd eSaus tYnh esa--ekèko % rqeus tYnh esa lkspk fd bls [kk Mkyk tk,! (fiQj g¡ldj) cgqr vPNk fd;kA cuh gqbZ ph”k dk dksbZ rks bLrseky gksuk gh pkfg,A vkSj rqe xksiky] rqe ;s fNyosQ tsc esa D;ksa Hkjrs gks\ ckgj tkdj bUgsa ukyh esa Mky nksA vkxs ls fMCcs esa Hkjdj ckgj ys tkus dh ”k:jr ugha--xksiky % exj HkS;k---! ekèko % HkS;k] lc tkurs gSa] jktk! os ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd rqEgkjs ck,¡ gkFk dh m¡ xfy;k¡ fdl rjg ihyh gqbZ gSaA ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd ';ke ckcw dk nwèk dejs esa D;ksa tkrk gSA vkSj ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd muosQ lks tkus ij mudh choh eksecÙkh tykdj dkSu lh fdrkc i<+k djrh gSA lcosQ eq¡g ls vk'p;Z ls rjg&rjg osQ 'kCn fudyrs gSaA ekèko g¡lrk jgrk gSA xksiky % HkS;k] vc vki ls D;k fNikuk gS] vki rks lcoqQN tkurs gSaA exj nsf[k,] vEek¡ ls ugha dfg,xkA vEek¡ dks irk py x;k rks cl fdlh dh [kSj ugha !

ekèko % vEek¡ ls u dgw¡ \ (g¡ldj) rqe le>rs gks fd vEek¡ ;g lc ugha tkurha\ ';ke vkSj xksiky % ,sa\ vEek¡ Hkh tkurh gSa\ ekèko % D;ksa ugh tkurha\ vEek¡ rks 'kk;n esjh os ckrsa Hkh tkurh gSa tks eSa le>rk gw¡ fd os ugha tkurhaA (g¡ldj) vkt ls fNyosQ ukyh esa Mky fn;k djks] buosQ fy, fMCck j[kus dh ”k:jr ughaA ---vkSj tgk¡ rd vEek¡ dk loky gS] vEek¡ bUgsa ukyh esa iM+s gq, Hkh ugha ns[ksaxhA gydh&gydh g¡lh g¡lrk jgrk gSA

iz'u&vH;kl 1- ¶ijk;k ?kj rks yxrk gh gS] HkkHkh¸ viuh HkkHkh&HkkbZ osQ dejs esa ';ke dks ijk,iu dk vglkl D;ksa gksrk gS\ 2- ,dkadh esa vEek¡ dh tks rLkohj mHkjrh gS] var esa og fcyoqQy cny tkrh gSμfVIi.kh dhft,A 3- vaMs [kkuk] ^pand z kark larfr* i<+uk vkfn fdUgha lanHkks± esa xyr ugha gS] fiQj Hkh ukVd osQ ik=k bUgsa fNidj djrs gSaA D;ksa\ vki mudh txg gksrs rks D;k djrs\ 4- jkèkk osQ pfj=k dh ,slh dkSu lh fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa ftUgsa vki viukuk pkgsaxs\ 5- (d) ljdkj dh èkweiz ku u djus dh oSèkkfud psrkouh vkSj cM+&s cq”kqxks± dh èkweziku dh eukgh osQ ihNs dkSu ls dkj.k gSa\ ([k) ;fn vki vius ?kfu"B fe=k dks pksjh&fNis flxjsV ihrs ns[ksa] rks vkidh D;k izfrfØ;k gksxh\

va Ms osQ fNYkosQ 21

'kCnkFkZ vkSj fVIi.kh

va rjky 22

iqyfVl

&

ÑrKrk yPNu fVfa;k¡

& & &

[kke[kkg ejnwn ,gfr;kr djrwr egjh ghy&gqT+T+kr nLrwj frfyLe la>k >k¡lk ck¡p ryc lkSxkr b'uku

& & & & & & & & & & & & & &

gyos dh rjg idkbZ gqbZ ,d ?kjsyw nok tks ?kko ij ck¡èkh tkrh gSA vkHkkj y{k.k ia[kksa okys yky jax osQ dhM+ s tks ny cukdj pyrs gSa vkSj iQly dks gkfu igq¡pkrs gSaA fcuk dkj.k] csotg fudEek cpko] gksf'k;kjh dke] djuh ?kj dk dke djus okyh L=kh dksf'k'k jhfr] rjhdk tknw] banztky laè;k èkks[kk i<+ bPNk] ek¡x rksgI+kQk] migkj Luku

gqlSu dh dgkuh viuh ”kckuh cM+kSnk dk cksfM±x LowQy

eOkQcwy vc yM+dk ugha jgk D;ksafd mlosQ nknk py clsA yM+osQ osQ vCck us lkspk D;ksa u mls cM+kSnk osQ cksfM±x LowQy esa nkf[ky djk fn;k tk,] ojuk fnuHkj vius nknk osQ dejs esa can jgrk gSA lksrk Hkh gS rks nknk osQ fcLrj ij vkSj ogh Hkwjh vpdu vks<+s] tSls nknk dh cxy esa fleVdj lks;k gksA ?kj esa u fdlh ls ckr u phr] cl xqelqeA

va rjky 24

vCck us I+kQkSju eOkQcwy dks pkpk osQ gokys fd;k vkSj gqoqQe fn;k fd ¶bls cM+kSnk NksM+ vkvks] ogk¡ yM+dksa osQ lkFk bldk fny yx tk,xkA i<+kbZ osQ lkFk e”kgch rkyhe] jks”kk] uek”k] vPNs vkpj.k osQ pkyhl lcd] ikdh”kxh osQ ckjg rjhosQ lh[k tk,xkA¸ egkjktk fl;kthjko xk;dokM+ dk lkI+kQ&lqFkjk 'kgj cM+kSnkA jktk ejkBk iztk xqtjkrhA 'kgj esa nkf[ky gksus ij ^fg”k gkbusl* dh ik¡p /krqvksa ls cuh ewfrZ] 'kkunkj ?kksM+s ij lokjA ^nkSyrs cjrkfu;k* osQ esMsy yVdk,] lhuk rkus nwj ls gh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA

nk#yrqyck (Nk=kkokl) enjlk gqlkfe;k] ¯lg ckbZ ekrk jksM] xSMh xsVA rkykc fdukjs lqysekuh tekr dk cksfM±x LowQyA xqtjkr dh e'kgwj ^vjosQ frgky* dh [;kfr okys th-,e- gdhe vCckl rS;cth dh ns[k&js[k esa] tks us'kuy dkaxzsl vkSj xka/h th osQ vuq;k;h] blhfy, Nk=kksa osQ e¡qM+s fljksa ij xkaèkh Vksih vkSj cnu ij [kknh dk oqQjrk&ik;tkekA ekSyoh vdcj /kfeZd fo}ku] oqQjku vkSj mnwZ lkfgR; osQ mLrknA osQ'koyky xqtjkrh ”kcku osQ Dykl VhpjA LdkmV ekLVj] estj vCnqYyk iBkuA xqy”kek [kku cSMa ekLVjA ckophZ xqyke dh jksfV;k¡ vkSj choh ujfxl dk lkyu xks'rA eOkQcwy dks blh cksfM±x osQ vgkrs esa NksM+k tkrk gSA ;gk¡ mldh nksLrh Ng yM+dksa ls gksrh gS] tks ,d nwljs osQ djhc gks tkrs gSaA nks lky dh u”knhdh

gqlSu dh dgkuh--25

va rjky 26

reke mez dHkh fny dh nwjh esa cny ugha ikbZA gkyk¡fd gj ,d vyx&vyx fn'kkvksa esa c¡Vs] N% ghys vkSj cgkus gq,A ,d MHkksbZ dk vÙkj O;kikjh cuk rks nwljk fl;kth jsfM;ks dh vkok”kA ,d cuk djkph dk ukxfjd] rks nwljk eksrh dh ryk'k esa oqQoSr igq¡pkA ,d igq¡pk cacbZ vkSj viuk dksV&irywu vkSj ihyh /kjh dh VkbZ mrkj isaQdh] vck&dck igu efLTkn dk esacj cukA ,d mM+us okys ?kksM+s ij] iSj jdkc esa Mkys cuk dykdkj vkSj nqfu;k dh yackbZ&pkSM+kbZ esa pDdj ekj jgk gSA ;g ik¡p nksLrμ eksgEen bczkghe xksgj vyhμMHkksbZ osQ vÙkkj] NksVk dn Bgjh gqbZ u”kjsaA vacj vkSj eq'd osQ vÙkj esa Mwcs] xq.kksa osQ HkaMkjA MkDVj euOojh dk yM+dk vj'knμges'kk g¡lrk psgjkA xkus vkSj [kkus dk 'kkSdhuA Hkjk ysfdu dlk igyokuh ftLeA gkfen oaQcj gqlSuμ'kkSd] oqQ'rh vkSj naM&cSBd] [kq'k&fe”kkt] xIih] ckr esa ckr feykus esa mLrknA pkSFkk nksLr vCcklth vgenμxBk ftLe] [kqyk jax] oqQN&oqQN tkikuh ¯[kph lh vk¡[ksa] LoHkko ls fc”kusleSu] g¡lus dk vank”k fnyd'kA ik¡pok vCckl vyh fI+kQnkμcgqr uje yg”kk] psgjs ij m¡Qpk ekFkk] oDr dk ikcan] [kkeks'k rfc;r] gkFkksa ls fdrkc 'kk;n gh dHkh NwVh gksA enjls dk lkykuk tylk] eqxyokM+s osQ e'kgwj I+kQksVksxzkI+kQj yqdekuh VªkbikWM ij j[ks oSQejs ij dkyk diM+k <¡osQ tSls mlosQ vanj ?kqls tk jgs gksaA flI+kZQ [kkl esgekuksa vkSj mLrknksa dk ^xzqi I+kQksVksxzkI+kQ* [khapk tk jgk gSA nwj yM+dksa dh HkhM+ esa [kM+k edcwy ekSosQ dh ryk'k esa gSA tSls gh yqdekuh us I+kQksdl tek;k vkSj dgk ^jsMh* edcwy nkSM+dj xzqi osQ dksus esa [kM+k gks x;kA bl rjg mLrknksa dh fcuk btk”kr mlus viuh dbZ rlohjsa ¯[kpokb±A edcwy us [ksy&owQn esa fgLlk fy;k] gkbZ tai esa igyk buke] nkSM+ esa fiQlahA tc Mª kWbax ekLVj eksgEen vrgj us CySdcksMZ ij lI+ksQn pkWd ls ,d

gqlSu dh dgkuh--27

cgqr cM+h fpfM+;k cukbZ vkSj yM+dksa ls dgkμ¶viuh&viuh LysV ij mldh udy djks]¸ rks edcwy dh LysV ij gwcgw ogh fpfM+;k CySdcksMZ ls mM+dj vk cSBhA nl esa ls nl uacj! nks vDrwcj] LowQy xka/h th dh lkyfxjg euk jgk gSA Dykl 'kq: gksus ls igys edcwy xkaèkh th dk iksVVZªs CySdcksMZ ij cuk pqdk gSA vCckl rS;cth

va rjky 28

ns[kdj cgqr [kq'k gq,A enjls osQ Tkyls ij ekSyoh vdcj us edcwy dks ^bye* (Kku) ij nl feuV dk Hkk"k.k ;kn djk;k] ckdk;nk vfHku; osQ lkFk] mlesa ,d I+kQkjlh dk 'ksj Fkkμ ^dLcs deky oqQu fd v”kh”kr tgk¡ 'kohA dl csdeky fu;kj”kn v”kh”ks euA* ftlus gquj esa deky gkfly fd;k] og lkjh nqfu;k dk pgsrk] ftlosQ ikl dksbZ gquj dk deky ugha] og dHkh fnyksa dks thr ugha ldrkA fdls ekywe] ;g dLcs deky gquj dk deky lkjh nqfu;k esa iSQysxk!

gqlSu dh dgkuh--29

jkuhiqj ck”kkj jkuhiqj ck”kkj esa pkpk eqjknvyh dks muosQ cM+s HkkbZ fI+kQnk us ,d tujy LVksj dh nqdku [kqyok nhA fI+kQnk lkgc rks lj djheHkkbZ dh ^ekyok VSDlVkby* esa Vkbedhij Fks gh exj fc”kusl esa fnypLih j[krsA bl fo"k; ij dbZ eksVh&eksVh fdrkcsa tekdj j[kh FkhaA edcwy dks Nq^h osQ fnu nqdku ij cSBus ”k:j Hkstk tkrk] rkfd 'kq: ls fc”kusl osQ xq.k lh[k ysA [kqn rks ukSdjh osQ tky esa ,sls i¡Qls fd v_kbl lky dh ^oSQn cke'kDdr* Hkqxruh iM+hA NksVs HkkbZ eqjknvyh ls igyokuh NqM+okdj nqdkusa yxokb±A tujy LVksj u pyk rks diM+s dh nqdku] og Hkh ugha pyh rks rksi[kkuk jksM ij vkyh'kku jsLrjk¡A edcwy mu nqdkuksa ij cSBk] exj mldk lkjk è;ku MªkWbax vkSj ias¯Vx esaA u ph”kksa dh dhersa ;kn] u diM+ksa dh igukbZ dk irkA gk¡] eqjkn pkpk osQ gksVy esa ?kwerh gqbZ pk; dh I;kfy;ksa dh fxurh vkSj igkM+s mls ”kckuh ;kn jgrsA xYys dk fglkc&fdrkc lghA 'kke dks fglkc esa nl jQi;s fy[ks rks fdrkc esa chl LosQp fd,A

va rjky 30

tujy LVks j os Q lkeus ls vdlj ?kw¡?kV rkus xq”kjus okyh ,d esgrjkuh dk LosQp] xsgw¡ dh cksjh mBk, e”knwj dh isp a okyh ixM+h dk LosQp] iBku dh nk<+h vkSj ekFks ij fl”kns osQ fu'kku] cqjdk igus vkSjr vkSj cdjh dk cPpkA vdlj esgrjkuh diM+s /ksus osQ lkcqu dh fVfd;k ysus vk;k djrhA pkpk dks ns[kdj ?kw¡?kV osQ iV [kqy tkrs vkSj vdlj edcwy dh ukd idM+dj f[kyf[kyk mBrhA edcwy us mlosQ dbZ LosQp cuk,A ,d LosQp mlosQ gkFk yx x;k ftls mlus I+kQkSju viuh pksyh esa Mky fy;kA edcwy us isij¯eV dh xksyh gkFk esa FkekbZ vkSj LosQp fudyok;kA ,d fnu nqdku osQ lkeus ls fI+kQYeh bf'rgkj dk rk¡xk xqq”kjkA (lkbysaV fI+kQYeksa osQ ”kekus esa 'kgj esa py jgh fIk+ QYe dk bf'rgkj rk¡xs esa czkl cSaM osQ lkFk 'kgj osQ xyh&owQpksa ls xq”kjrkA fI+kQYeh bf'rgkj jaxhu irax osQ dkx”k ij ghjks&ghjksbu dh rlohjksa osQ lkFk Nis] ck¡Vs tkrsA) dksYgkiqj osQ 'kkarkjke dh fI+kQYe ^¯lgx<+* dk iksLVj] jaxhu irax osQ dkx”k ij Nik] ejkBk ;ks¼k] gkFk esa ¯[kph ryokj vkSj
gqlSu dh dgkuh--31

va rjky 32

jax&jksxu D;ksa fnykrs! exj bl iksLVj us edcwy dks bl dnj HkM+dk;k fd og x;k lh/k vyhgqlSu jaxokys dh nqdku ij vkSj viuh nks LowQy dh fdrkcsa] 'kk;n Hkwxksy vkSj bfrgkl] cspdj vkW;y dyj dh V~;wcsa [kjhn Mkyha vkSj igyh vkW;y ias¯Vx pkpk dh nqdku ij cSBdj cukbZA pkpk cgqr ukjk”k] cM+s HkkbZ rd f'kdk;r igq¡pkbZA vCck us ias¯Vx ns[kh vkSj csVs dks xys yxk fy;kA + ck”kkj osQ djhc rkacs ihry dh ,d vkSj ?kVuk] tc edcwy bankSj ljkZIkQk nqdkuksa dh xyh esa ySMa LosQi cuk jgk Fkk] ogk¡ csna zs lkgc Hkh vkWuLikWV ia¯s Vx djrs feysA eOkQcwy dks csna sz lkgc dh Vsduhd cgqr ilan vkbZA ^¯VVsM isij*

gqlSu dh dgkuh--33

+ ij ^xksvk'k okWVj dyj*A bl bÙkIkQkdh eqykdkr osQ ckn eOkQcwy vdlj csna sz osQ lkFk ^ySMa LosQi* isVa djus tk;k djrkA 1933 esa csanzs us oSQuol ij ,d cM+h ias¯Vx ?kj esa isaV djuk 'kq: dh] ^oSxckaM* Fkk bl ias¯Vx dk ukeA vius NksVs HkkbZ dks ,d ukStoku iBku osQ diM+s igukdj ekWMy cuk;kA flj ij gjk :eky ck¡èkk] oaQ/s ij oaQcy] gkFk esa Ma MkA ^lwjk* vkSj ^Msxk*] ;kuh izsaQp baizs'ku dh >ydA jkW;y vdkneh dk :[kk fj;fy”e] ml ij ,Dlizs'kfuLV cz'k LVªksd dk
va rjky 34

dne esa ^tks'kks&v”e* dh lq[khZ de vkSj tokuh dk xqykchiu ”;knk FkkA jktk jfooekZ osQ if'peh lSoQas M gSMa fj;fy”e osQ ckn ,d gydh lh gypy xxusna uz kFk VSxksj osQ D;wfcfLVd rtqcZs ls 'kq: gqbAZ ckr vkxs c<+h ughaA csna sz dk xqykchiu Hkh oqQN gh vlsZ rd rjksrk”kk jgkA cM+knS k igqp ¡ dj og ^iSQdYVh + vkWIkQ+ IkQkbu vkVZ* osQ gj fny v”kh”k Mhu cu x,A edcwy dh ias¯Vx dh 'kq#vkr vkSj bankSj tSlh txg] flok, csansz osQ dksbZ ughaA og muosQ ikl tkrk jgk vkSj ,d fnu mUgsa vius ?kj ys vk;kA

vCck ls feyk;kA csanzs us edcwy osQ dke ij ckr dhA nwljs fnu vCck us cacbZ ls ^foulj U;wVu* vkW;y V~;wc vkSj oSQuol e¡xokus dk vkMZj Hkst fn;kA vc lkspk tk, rks rkTtqc gksrk gS fd ml ”kekus osQ bankSj tSls diM+k fey ekgkSy esa] dk”kh vkSj ekSyfo;ksa osQ iM+ksl esa ,d cki oSQls vius csVs dks vkVZ dh ykbu bf[r;kj djus ij jk”kh gks x;k] tcfd ;g vkVZ dk 'kxy jkts& egkjktksa vkSj vehjksa dh vÕ;k'k nhokjksa dh flI+kZQ yVdu cuk jgk] vk/h lnh vkSj ”k:jr Fkh fd vkVZ egyksa ls mrjdj dkj[kkuksa dh nhokjksa rd igq¡psA eOkQcwy osQ vCck dh jks'ku[k;kyh u tkus oSQls ipkl lky dh nwjh u”kj vank”k dj xbZ vkSj csanzs osQ e'kojs ij mlus vius csVs dh reke fjok;rh cafn'kksa dks rksM+ isaQdk vkSj dgkμ¶csVk tkvks] vkSj ¯”knxh dks jaxksa ls Hkj nksA¸

iz'u&vH;kl 1- ys[kd us vius ik¡p fe=kksa osQ tks 'kCn&fp=k izLrqr fd, gS]a muls muosQ vyx&vyx O;fDrRo dh >yd feyrh gSA fiQj Hkh os ?kfu"B fe=k gS]a oSQls\ 2- vki bl ckr dks oSQls dg ldrs gSa fd ys[kd dk vius nknk ls fo'ks"k yxko jgk\ 3- ^ys[kd tUetkr dykdkj gSA*μbl vkRedFkk esa lcls igys ;g dgk¡ mn~?kkfVr gksrk gS\ 4- nqdku ij cSB&s cSBs Hkh eoQcwy osQ Hkhrj dk dykdkj mlosQ fdu dk;Zdykiksa ls vfHkO;Dr gksrk gS\ 5- izpkj&izlkj osQ iqjkus rjhdksa vkSj orZeku rjhdksa esa D;k I+kQoZQ vk;k gS\ ikB osQ vkèkkj ij crk,¡A 6- dyk osQ izfr yksxksa dk u”kfj;k igys oSQlk Fkk\ mlesa vc D;k cnyko vk;k gS\ 7- bl ikB esa eOkQcwy osQ firk osQ O;fDrRo dh dkSu&dkSu lh ckrsa mHkjdj vkbZ gSa\

gqlSu dh dgkuh--35

'kCnkFkZ vkSj fVIi.kh

va rjky 36

e”kgch ikdh”kxh vjosQ frgky lkyu ghys vÙkj (vrj) fnyd'k iksVªsZV esgrjkuh LosQp fltnk ¯VVsM isij jks'ku [k;kyh

& & & & & & & & & & & & &

fjok;rh

&

èkeZ fo'ks"k ls laca/ j[kus okyh @ okyk 'kq¼rk] ifo=krk ;wukuh nok dk ,d uke 'kksjcknkj rjdkjh @ jlsnkj lC”kh cgkus] VkyeVksy lqxaèk] b=k eu dks yqHkkus okyk] fpÙkkd"kZd gkFk dh cuh rlohj lI+kQkbZ dk dke djus okyh L=kh fp=k ekFkk Vsduk] [kqnk osQ vkxs flj >qdkuk fp=kdyk esa iz;qDr gksus okyk dkx”k vk”kkn [k;kyh] [kqys fnekx dk] vPNs [k;ky j[kus okys ikjaifjd

vkokjk elhgk fn'kkgkjk fdlh dkj.k LowQy dh vkèkh Nq^h gks xbZ FkhA ?kj ykSVdj xkaxqfy;ksa osQ uokls 'kjr~ us vius ekek lqjsanz ls dgk] ¶pyks iqjkus ckx esa ?kwe vk,¡A¸ ml le; [kwc xjeh iM+ jgh Fkh] iwQy&iQy dk dgha irk ugha FkkA ysfdu ?kuh Nk;k osQ uhps fuLrCèkrk esa le; dkVuk cgqr vPNk yxrk FkkA og vc ;gk¡ ls pyk tk,xk] bl ckr ls 'kjr~ dk eu cgqr Hkkjh FkkA ysfdu dgrk og fdlh ls ugha FkkA pqipki lqjsanz osQ lkFk ?kj ls fudy iM+kA ukrs esa ekek vkSj vk;q esa NksVk gksus ij Hkh nksuksa esa èkhjs&èkhjs fe=krk osQ caèku xgjkrs vk jgs FksA ckx esa igq¡pdj isM+ksa osQ ikl ?kwers&?kwers og ekuks eu gh eu muls fonk ysus yxkA 'kk;n og lksp jgk Fkk fd vc okil vkuk gks ;k u gksA fiQj tSlk fd mldk LoHkko Fkk] lglk owQndj og ,d isM+ dh Mky ij cSB x;k vkSj ckrsa djus yxkA bu ckrksa dk dksbZ var ugha FkkA dksbZ lw=k Hkh ugha FkkA fonk osQ nq[k dks fNikus osQ fy, gh ekuks og oqQN u oqQN dgrs jguk pkgrk FkkA cksyk] ¶rw nq[kh u gks] ge fiQj feysaxs vkSj chp&chp esa rks eSa vkrk gh jgw¡xkA¸ ¶vkvksxs\¸ ¶D;ksa ugha vkm¡Qxk] Hkkxyiqj D;k eq>s de vPNk yxrk gS\ ?kkV osQ VwVs Lrwi ij ls xa xk esa owQnus esa fdruk e”kk vkrk gS! ml ikj og tks >kÅ dk ou gS] mls D;k Hkwy low¡Qxk! og eq>s iqdkjsxk vkSj eSa pyk vkm¡QxkA¸ fiQj nh?kZ fu%'okl ysdj cksyk] ¶vksg] fdruh I;kjh txg gS ;g Hkkxyiqj] ns[k ysuk eSa vo'; vkm¡QxkA¸

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nks {k.k rd nksuksa esa ls dksbZ ugha cksykA fiQj lglk 'kjr~ us dgk] ¶isM+ ij p<+uk cM+k ”k:jh gS] eku yks fdlh ou esa tk jgs gSa] gBkr~ laè;k dk vaèkdkj iSQy x;k] pkjksa vksj ls ¯gld i'kqvksa dh vkok”ksa mBus yxha] rc ;fn isM+ ij p<+uk u vk;k rks egkfoin---¸ lqjsanz us iwNk] ¶vxj fxj iM+s rks---¸ 'kjr~ us dgk] ¶fxjsxk D;ksa js!¸ og vkSj Åij p<+ x;kA ,d diM+s ls dej dks isM+ dh ,d eksVh 'kk[kk ls ck¡èkk vkSj ysV x;kA cksyk] ¶bl rjg lksdj jkr dkVh tk ldrh gSA¸ ukuk osQ ?kj jgrs 'kjr~ dks yxHkx rhu o"kZ gks x, FksA blls igys Hkh og ek¡ osQ lkFk dbZ ckj vk pqdk FkkA lcls igyh ckj mldh ek¡ tc mldks ysdj vkbZ Fkh] rks ukuk&ukkfu;ksa us ml ij èku vkSj vyadkjksa dh o"kkZ dh FkhA ukuk osQnkjukFk us dej esa lksus dh rxM+ h igukdj mls xksn esa mBk;k FkkA ml ifjokj esa bl ih<+h dk igyk yM+ dk Fkk og! ysfdu rhu o"kZ igys dk ;g vkuk oqQN vkSj gh rjg dk FkkA mlosQ firk eksrhyky ;k;koj izÑfr osQ LoIun'khZ O;fDr FksA thfodk dk dksbZ Hkh èkaèkk mUgsa dHkh ck¡èkdj ugha j[k ldkA pkjksa vksj ls ykafNr gksdj og ckj&ckj dkedkt dh ryk'k djrs FksA ukSdjh fey Hkh tkrh Fkh rks muosQ f'kYih eu vkSj nklrk osQ caèku esa dksbZ lkeatL; u gks ikrkA oqQN fnu mlesa eu yxkrs] ijarq fiQj ,d fnu vpkud cM+s lkgc ls >xM+dj mls NksM+ cSBrs vkSj i<+us esa O;Lr gks tkrs ;k dfork djus yxrsA dgkuh] miU;kl] ukVd lHkh oqQN fy[kus dk 'kkSd FkkA fp=kdyk esa Hkh #fp FkhA lkSan;Zcksèk Hkh de ugha FkkA lqanj dye esa u;k fuc yxkdj cf<+;k dkx”k ij eksrh tSls v{kjksa esa jpuk vkja Hk djrs] ija rq vkjaHk ftruk egÙoiw.kZ gksrk] var gksrk mruk gh egÙoghuA var dh vfuok;Zrk ekuks mUgksaus dHkh Lohdkj gh ugha dhA chp esa gh NksM+dj u;h jpuk vkjaHk dj nsrsA 'kk;n mudk vkn'kZ cgqr m¡Qpk gksrk Fkk ;k 'kk;n var rd igq¡pus dh {kerk gh muesa ugha FkhA og dHkh dksbZ jpuk iwjh ugha dj losQA ,d ckj cPpksa osQ

fy, mUgksaus Hkkjro"kZ dk ,d fo'kky ekufp=k rS;kj djuk vkjaHk fd;k] ijarq rHkh eu esa ,d iz'u tkx vk;k] D;k bl ekufp=k esa fgekpy dh xfjek dk Bhd&Bhd vadu gks losQXkk\ ugha gks losQxkA cl] fiQj fdlh Hkh rjg og dke vkxs ugha c<+ ldkA bl rjg eksrhyky dh lkjh dyk&lkèkuk O;FkZrk esa gh liQy gqbZA ifjokj dk Hkj.k&iks"k.k muosQ fy, vlaHko gks x;kA ;g ns[kdj 'kjr~ dh ek¡ Hkqoueksfguh us igys rks ifr dks cgqr&oqQN dgk&lquk] fiQj vius firk osQnkjukFk ls ;kpuk dh vkSj ,d fnu lcdks ysdj Hkkxyiqj pyh vkb±A eksrhyky ,d ckj fiQj ?kj&t¡okbZ gksdj jgus yxsA (2) Hkkxyiqj vkus ij 'kjr~ dks nqxkZpj.k ,e-bZ- LowQy dh Nk=ko`fÙk Dykl esa HkrhZ dj fn;k x;kA ukuk LowQy osQ ea=kh Fks] blfy, ckyd dh f'k{kk&nh{kk dgk¡ rd gqbZ gS] bldh fdlh us [kkst&[kcj ugha yhA vc rd mlus osQoy ^cksèkksn;* gh i<+k FkkA ;gk¡ mls i<+uk iM+k ^lhrk&ouokl*] ^pk# ikB*] ^ln~Hkko&ln~xq#* vkSj ^izdkaM O;kdj.k*A ;g osQoy i<+ tkuk gh ugha Fkk] cfYd Lo;a iafMr th osQ lkeus [kM+s gksdj izfrfnu ijh{kk nsuk FkkA blfy, ;g ckr fuLladksp dgh tk ldrh gS fd ckyd 'kjr~ dk lkfgR; ls izFke ifjp; vk¡lqvksa osQ ekè;e ls gqvkA ml le; og lksp Hkh ugha ldrk Fkk fd euq"; dks nq[k igq¡pkus osQ vykok Hkh lkfgR; dk dksbZ mís'; gks ldrk gS] ysfdu 'kh?kz gh og ;g vo'; le> x;k fd og Dykl esa cgqr ihsNs gSA ;g ckr og lg ugha ldrk Fkk] blfy, mlus ifjJeiwod Z i<+uk vkjaHk dj fn;kA vkSj ns[krs&ns[krs cgqrksa dks ihNs NksM+dj vPNs cPpksa esa fxuk tkus yxkA ukuk yksx dbZ HkkbZ Fks vkSj la;qDr ifjokj esa ,d lkFk jgrs FksA blfy, ekekvksa vkSj ekSfl;ksa dh la[;k dkI+kQh FkhA muesa NksVs ukuk v?kksjukFk dk csVk e.khanz mldk lgikBh FkkA mu nksuksa dks ?kj i<+kus osQ fy, ukuk us v{k; iafMr dks fu;qDr dj fn;k FkkA os ekuks ;ejkt osQ lgksnj FksA ekurs Fks fd fo|k dk

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fuokl xq# osQ MaMs esa gSA blfy, chp&chp esa ¯lg&xtZuk osQ lkFk&lkFk #nu dh d#.k&èofu Hkh lqukbZ nsrh jgrh FkhA bl fo|kè;;u osQ le; 'kjkjr de ugha pyrh FkhA 'kjr~ ;gk¡ Hkh vxz.kh FkkA ml fnu rsy osQ fn;s osQ pkjksa vksj cSBdj lc cPps i<+ jgs Fks vkSj cjkens esa fuokM+ osQ iyax ij ysVs gq, ukuk lqu jgs Fks lglk os cksy mBs] ¶D;ksa] iqjkuk ikB ;kn dj jgs gks\ vkt u;k ikB ugha i<+k D;k\¸ ¶ugha!¸ ¶D;ksa\¸ ¶iafMr th ugha vk,A mUgsa cq[kkj vk x;k gSA¸ cl ukuk us ?kj osQ lsod eq'kkbZ dks iqdkjk] ¶eq'kkbZ] ykyVsu tykvks! iafMr th dks cq[kkj vk x;k gSA ns[kus tkuk gSA¸ os LowQy osQ ea=kh gh ugha] lekt osQ usrk Hkh FksA euq"; osQ lkFk oSQlk O;ogkj djuk pkfg,] blesa os vkn'kZ ekus tkrs FksA muosQ tkrs gh 'kjr~ us ?kks"k.kk dh] ¶oSQV b”k vkmV] ysV ekml IysA¸ vkSj rqjar gh leosr xku dk ;g Loj ogk¡ xw¡t mBk % Mkal fyfVy csch] Mkal vi gkbZ] usoj ekba M csch] enj b”k ukbZA Øks ,aM osQikj] osQikj ,aM Øks] nsvj fyfVy csch] nsvj ;w xksA vi&Vw nh lh¯yx] vi&Vw nh xzkma M] cSdoMZ ,aM iQkoZMZ] jkma M ,aM jkma MA Mkal fyfVy csch] ,aM enj foy ¯lx] eSfjyh&eSfjyh] ¯Mx&¯Mx&¯MxA ,d mRlkgh ckyd us bl vafre iafDr dk rqjar ¯gnh vuqokn Hkh izLrqr dj fn;k] ¶[kq'kh ls] [kq'kh ls] rkd fèkukfèkuA¸ ,d fnu u tkus dgk¡ ls ,d pexknM+ cPpksa osQ flj ij vkdj e¡Mjkus yxkA NksVk ekek nsoh lks;k iM+k Fkk D;ksafd ukuk Hkh lks x, FksA rc ckdh cPpksa

dk i<+uk oSQls gksrk\ pexknM+ dks ns[kdj ef.k vkSj 'kjr~ osQ gkFk [kqtykus yxsA ykfB;k¡ ysdj os mls idM+us nkSM+sA fiQj tks ;q¼ epk] mlesa pexknM+ rks taxys esa ls gksdj fudy x;k] ysfdu ykBh nhos esa tk yxhA pknj ij rsy iSQyrk gqvk og cq>dj fxj iM+kA ;g ns[kdj ef.k vkSj 'kjr~ nksuksa pqipki ogk¡ ls iyk;u dj x,A ukuk dh vk¡[k [kqy xbZA ns[kk ?kksj vaèkdkj iSQyk gSA iqdkj mBs] ¶eq'kkbZ] eq'kkbZ!** eq'kkbZ nkSM+k&nkSM+k vk;k] ¶th!¸ ¶ckÙkh oSQ;wa cqÙk x;k\¸ fn;klykbZ tykdj eq'kkbZ us ns[kk fd ogk¡ u rks ef.k gS vkSj u 'kjr~A osQoy nsoh xgjh uhan esa lks;k gSA cksyk] ¶ef.k vkSj 'kjr~ rks [kkuk [kkus x, gSaA nsoh us cÙkh fxjk nh gSA¸ bl vijkèk dh dksbZ {kek ugha FkhA osQnkjukFk us nsoh dk dku idM+dj mBk;k vkSj eq'kkbZ ls dgk] ¶bls ys tkdj vLrcy esa can dj nksA¸ vxys fnu ekek dks izlUu djus osQ fy, xgjh fj'or nsuh iM+hA ysfdu nsoh ij ek¡ ljLorh dh de gh Ñik FkhA 'kjr~ osQ cM+s ekek BkoqQjnkl lHkh cPPkksa dh f'k{kk dh ns[kHkky djrs FksA os xkaxqyh ifjokj dh d^jrk vkSj dBksjrk osQ lPps izfrfufèk FksA ml fnu D;k gqvk] eksrhyky cPpksa dks ysdj xaxk osQ fdukjs ?kwe jgs Fks fd vpkud BkoqQjnkl vk fudysA mudh n`f"V esa ;g v{kE; vijkèk FkkA mUgksaus cPpksa dks rqjar ijh{kk osQ fy, izLrqr gksus dk vkns'k fn;kA fdlh rjg ef.k vkSj 'kjr~ rks eqfDr ik x,] ysfdu nsoh us txUukFk 'kCn dk lafèk&foPNsn fd;k] ^txM+&ukFk*A bl vijkèk dk na M ihB ij pkcqd [kkuk gh ugha Fkk] vLrcy esa ca n gksuk Hkh FkkA ija rq 'kjr~ ij bu ckrksa dk dksbZ vlj ugha gksrk FkkA ;gk¡ rd fd LowQy esa Hkh nq"Vrk djus ls og ugha pwdrk FkkA vdlj ogk¡ dh ?kM+h le; ls vkxs pyus yxrhA mldks Bhd djosQ pykus dk Hkkj oSls v{k; iafMr ij FkkA ysfdu nks ?kaVs [kwc tedj dke djus osQ ckn rackowQ [kkus dh bPNk gks vkuk LokHkkfod FkkA rc os LowQy osQ lsod txqvk dh iku'kkyk esa tk mifLFkr gksrsA

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blh le; 'kjr~ dh izsj.kk ls nwljs Nk=k ml ?kM+h dks nl feuV vkxs dj nsrsA dbZ fnu rd tc mudh pksjh ugha idM+h xbZ rks lkgl vkSj c<+ x;kA os ?kM+h dks vkèkk ?kaVk vkxs djus yxsA blosQ ckn dHkh&dHkh og ,d ?kaVk Hkh vkxs gks tkrh FkhA ml fnu rhu dk le; gksus ij mlesa pkj cts FksA vfHkHkkodksa osQ eu esa lansg gksus yxk] ysfdu iafMr th us mÙkj fn;k] ¶eSa Lo;a ?kM+h dh ns[kHkky djrk gw¡A¸ mÙkj mUgksaus ns fn;k] ysfdu 'kadk muosQ Hkh eu esa FkhA blfy, mUgksaus pqipki bl jgL; dk irk yxkus dk iz;Ru fd;kA ,d fnu iku'kkyk ls vle; esa gh ykSV vk,] D;k ns[krs gSa fd cPps ,d&nwljs osQ oaQèks ij p<+dj ?kM+h dks vkxs dj jgs gSaA cl os xjt mBsA vkSj lc yM+osQ rks fufe"k&ek=k esa ogk¡ ls Hkkx x,] ysfdu 'kjr~ Hkys yM+osQ dk vfHku; djrk gqvk cSBk jgkA iafMr th ;g dHkh ugha tku losQ fd bl lkjs ukVd dk funs'kd ogh gSA mlus dgk] ¶iafMr th] vkiosQ iSj Nwdj dgrk gw¡] eq>s oqQN ugha ekyweA eSa rks eu yxkdj loky fudky jgk FkkA¸ ml le; dh mldh eq[k&Hkaxh ns[kdj dkSu vfo'okl dj ldrk Fkk\ vius vlhe lkgl vkSj lw>&cw> osQ dkj.k ftl izdkj og ?kj esa ekek yksxksa osQ ny dk nyifr cu x;k Fkk] mlh izdkj LowQy osQ fo|kfFkZ;ksa osQ usr`Ro dk Hkkj Hkh vuk;kl gh mlosQ oaQèkksa ij vk x;kA mlosQ 'kkSd Hkh cgqr Fks] tSls i'kq&i{kh ikyuk vkSj miou yxkukA ysfdu muesa lcls ize[q k Fkk frryh&m|ksxA ukuk :i jax dh vusd frrfy;ksa dks mlus dkB osQ cDl esa j[kk FkkA cM+s ;Ru ls og mudh ns[kHkky djrk FkkA mudh #fp osQ vuqlkj Hkkstu dh O;oLFkk gksrh FkhA muosQ ;q¼ dk izn'kZu Hkh gksrk FkkA mlh izn'kZu osQ dkj.k mlosQ lHkh lkFkh mldh lgk;rk djosQ vius dks èkU; ekurs FksA muesa u osQoy ifjokj osQ ;k nwljs cM+s ?kjksa osQ ckyd Fks cfYd ?kj osQ ukSdjksa osQ cPps Hkh FksA muosQ lkFk fdlh izdkj dk HksnHkko ugha fd;k tkrk FkkA ;s cPps Hkh mls izlUu djosQ vius dks ÑrkFkZ vuqHko djrs FksA vius miou esa mlus vusd izdkj osQ iwQy&xkN vkSj yrk&xqYe yxk, FksA ½rq osQ vuqlkj twgh] csyk] panzefYydk vkSj xsank vkfn osQ iwQy f[kyrs vkSj

nyifr lfgr lHkh cPps xn~xn gks mBrsA bl miou osQ chp esa xbk [kksndj ,d ryS;k dk fuekZ.k Hkh mlus fd;k FkkA ml ij VwVs 'kh'ks dk vkoj.k FkkA lkèkkj.kr;k og ml ij fe^h yhi nsrk] ijarq dksbZ fof'k"V O;fDr ns[kus vkrk rks fe^h gVkdj mls pfdr dj nsrkA ysfdu ;s lc dk;Z mls yqd&fNidj djus iM+rs Fks] D;ksafd ukuk yksx bUgsa ilan ugha djrs FksA mudh ekU;rk Fkh fd cPpksa dks osQoy i<+us dk gh vfèkdkj gSA I;kj] vknj vkSj [ksy ls mudk thou u"V gks tkrk gSA losjs LowQy tkus ls igys ?kj osQ cjkens esa mUgsa fpYyk&fpYykdj i<+uk pkfg, vkSj laè;k dks LowQy ls ykSVdj jkr osQ Hkkstu rd paMh&eaMi esa nhos osQ pkjksa vksj cSBdj ikB dk vH;kl djuk pkfg,A ;gh xq#tuksa dh izhfr ikus dk xqj FkkA tks fu;e rksM+rk Fkk mls vk;q osQ vuqlkj naM fn;k tkrk FkkA dksbZ ugha tkurk Fkk fd u tkus dc fdldks ?kaVksa rd ,d iSj ij [kM+s gksdj vk¡lw cgkus iM+saA bl vuq'kklu osQ chp [ksyus dk vodk'k ikuk cM+k dfBu Fkk] ijarq vk¡[kksa esa èkwy >ksadus dh dyk esa 'kjr~ fu".kkr FkkA Nk=ko`fÙk1 dh ijh{kk ikl djus osQ ckn] tc og vaxzs”kh LowQy essa HkrhZ gqvk] rc Hkh mldh izfrHkk esa ”kjk Hkh deh ugha gqbZA xkaxqyh ifjokj esa irax mM+kuk oSls gh oftZr Fkk tSls 'kkL=k esas leqnz&;k=kkA ijarq 'kjr~ Fkk fd irax mM+kuk] y^w ?kqekuk] xksyh vkSj xqYyh&MaMk tSls fuf"k¼ [ksy mls cM+s fiz; FksA uhys vkdk'k esa u`R; djrh gqbZ mldh irax dks ns[kdj ny osQ nwljs lnL;ksa osQ ân; ukp mBrsA mldk ek¡>k fo'ot;h FkkA og ,slk isap ekjrk fd fojksèkh dh irax dVdj èkjrh ij vk fxjrhA 'kwU; esa y^w ?kqekdj mls gFksyh ij ,sls yid ysrk fd lkFkh eqXèk gks jgrsA ckx ls iQy pqjk ykus dh dyk esa Hkh og de oqQ'ky ugha FkkA ekfyd yksx langs djrs] isM+ ij yxs ve:nksa dh fxurh Hkh os j[krs] ysfdu os Mky&Mky rks 'kjr~ ikr&ikrA mldh rh{.k cqf¼ osQ lkeus ekfydksa osQ lc mik; O;FkZ gks tkrsA 1- lu~ 1887 bZ-esa Nk=ko`fÙk LowQy gksrs Fks] ftuesa vafre Js.kh NBh gksrh FkhA Nk=ko`fÙk dk vFkZ vkt tSlk ugha FkkA

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;fn dHkh idM+k Hkh tkrk rks ohjksa dh rjg naM xzg.k djrkA dFkkf'kYih 'kjr~pna z osQ lHkh izfl¼ ik=k nsonkl] Jhdkar] nqnk±rjke vkSj lO;lkph bl dyk esa fu".kkr gSAa irk ugha] nqnk±rjke dh rjg mldh dksbZ ujk;uh HkkHkh Fkh ;k ugha ij fu'p; gh pksjh dh f'kdk;r vkus ij mldh ek¡ us ml dyeqg¡ s dks ,d iSj ij [kM+k gksus dh l”kk nh gksxh vkSj mlus fojksèk izdV djrs gq, Hkh mls Lohdkj dj fy;k gksxkA og f[kykM+h Fkk] fonzksgh Hkh mls dg ldrs gSa] ij cnek'k og fdlh Hkh n`f"V ls ugha FkkA Hkys gh rRdkyhu ekinaM osQ vuqlkj mls ;g mikfèk feyh gksA firk dh rjg mlesa Hkh izpqj ek=kk esa lkSan;Z&cksèk FkkA i<+us osQ dejs dks [kwc ltkdj j[krkA pkSdh vkSj ml ij ,d lqanj&lh frikbZ] ,d can MsLd vkSj mlesa iqLrosaQ] dkfi;k¡] dye&nokr bR;kfn&bR;kfnA mldh iqLrosaQ >d&>d djrh FkhaA dkfi;k¡ og Lo;a djhus ls dkVdj ,sls rS;kj djrk Fkk fd ns[krs gh curk FkkA LoHkko ls Hkh og vifjxzgh FkkA fnuHkj esa og ftruh xksfy;k¡ vkSj y^w thrrk] laè;k dks og mu lcdks NksVs cPpksa esa ck¡V nsrkA nsus esa mls ekuks vkuan vkrk Fkk] ysfdu ;g nsus osQ vfHkeku dk vkuan ugha Fkk] ;g Fkk Hkkj&eqfDr dk vkuanA uhan vkSj vkgkj ij Hkh mls vfèkdkj FkkA cpiu ls gh og LoYikgkjh FkkA cM+s gksus ij dFkkf'kYih 'kjr~panz dh ^cM+h cgw* lcls vfèkd blhfy, rks ijs'kku jgrh FkhA vaxsz”kh LowQy esa i<+rs le; mls vius 'kjhj dk cM+k è;ku jgrk FkkA ukuk osQ ?kj osQ mÙkj dh vksj xaxk osQ Bhd Åij ,d cgqr cM+k vkSj cnuke ?kj FkkA dHkh ogk¡ ,d cgqr cM+k ifjokj jgrk FkkA ijarq la;ksx ls ,d osQ ckn ,d] dbZ e`R;q gks tkus ij os yksx mls NksM+dj pys x,A mlosQ ckn cgqr fnuksa rd og Hkwrkokl cuk jgkA vfHkHkkodksa ls Nqikdj blh egy osQ vk¡xu esa 'kjr~ us oqQ'rh yM+us dk v[kkM+k rS;kj fd;kA xksyk isaQdus osQ fy, xaxk osQ xHkZ ls cM+s&cM+s xksy iRFkj vk x,] ysfdu ^iSjsyy ckj* dh O;oLFkk ugha gks ldhA iSls dk vHkko tks FkkA cgqr lksp&fopkj dj 'kjr~ us vkns'k fn;k] ¶ck¡l dh ckj rS;kj dh tk,A¸

cl laè;k osQ >qViqVs esa pkj&ik¡p yM+osQ ck¡l dkVus fudy iM+sA >kM+&>a[kkM+ksa esa jxM+&jxM+dj gkFk&ik¡o ygwyqgku gks x,A ij nyifr dh vkKk gS fd mlh jkr dks ^iSjsyy ckj* rS;kj gks tkuh pkfg, vkSj og gqbAZ vxys fnu nksigj rd lc yM+osQ mRiqQYy gksdj ml ij >wyus yxsA ysfdu 'kksj epkuk ogk¡ ,dne euk FkkA ?kj osQ yksx tku u ysa] blfy, ykSVrs le; os lc izk.k&j{kk dk ea=k i<+rs gq, ykSVrs Fks] ysfdu ,d fnu D;k gqvk fd fxj tkus osQ dkj.k ,d ckyd dks pksV vk xbZA mlosQ ckn tks oqQN gqvk mldh dYiuk dj ysuk d"Vlkè; ugha gSA mldk fo'okl Fkk fd rSjus ls 'kjhj curk gSA xaxk ?kj osQ lehi gh Fkh] ysfdu dHkh&dHkh :Bdj nwj pyh tkrh FkhA ml o"kZ ,slk gh gqvkA chp esa NksVs&NksVs rky cu x, vkSj muesa yky&yky ty Hkj x;kA 'kjr~ ml yky ty esa Luku djus dk yksHk oSQls laoj.k dj ldrk Fkk! ef.k ekek dks lkFk ysdj ,d fnu og mlesa owQn gh rks iM+k] ysfdu mldk nqHkkZX;] ml fnu NksVs ukuk v?kksjukFk vle; gh ?kj ykSV vk,A mUgksaus ef.k dks ugha ns[kk rks iwNk] ¶ef.k dgk¡ gS\¸ fdlh us crk;k] ¶ef.k&'kjr~ rky esa Luku djus x, gSaA¸ ml {k.k v?kksjukFk us tks gq¡dkj fd;k mls lqudj lc Mj x,A mudk ;g Mj vdkj.k ugha Fkk] tSls gh nksuksa ckyd ugkdj [kq'kh&[kq'kh ?kj ykSVs] oSls gh NksVs ukuk ¯lg osQ leku xtZu djrs gq, ef.k ij VwV iM+sA ?kj dh ukfj;ksa osQ ckj&ckj cpkus ij Hkh mldh tks nqxfZ r gqbZ mldks Bhd gksrs&gksrs ik¡p&lkr fnu yx x,A ysfdu 'kjr~ ml {k.k osQ ckn ogk¡ ugha ns[kk x;kA rhljs fnu tc ukuk fiQj ?kksM+s ij lokj gksdj dke ij pys x, rHkh og fn[kkbZ fn;kA ekek yksxksa us vpjt ls iwNk] ¶rw dgk¡ pyk x;k Fkk js\¸ 'kjr~ us mÙkj fn;k] ¶eSa xksnke esa FkkA¸ ¶D;k [kkrk Fkk\¸ ¶ogh tks rqe [kkrs FksA¸ ¶dkSu nsrk Fkk\¸ ¶NksVh ukuh!¸

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ftl le; NksVs ukuk ef.k dks ekj jgs Fks] ml le; NksVh ukuh osQ ijke'kZ ls 'kjr~ ?kj esa tk fNik FkkA ysfdu mls [ksyus dk ftruk 'kkSd Fkk mruk gh i<+us dk Hkh FkkA og osQoy LowQy dh gh iqLrosaQ ugha i<+rk Fkk] firk osQ laxzgky; esa tks Hkh iqLrosaQ mlosQ gkFk yx tkrha fNidj mUgsa i<+ MkyrkA ogha ls ,d fnu mlosQ gkFk ,d ,slh iqLrd yxh ftlesa nqfu;kHkj osQ fo"k;ksa dh ppkZ FkhA uke Fkk ^lalkj dks'k*A foin iM+us ij xq#tuksa osQ naM ls oSQls eqfDr ikbZ tkrh gS bldk Hkh ,d ea=k mlesa fy[kk FkkA vius lHkh lkfFk;ksa dks mlus ;g ea=k fl[kk fn;kA ea=k Fkk] ¶vkse~] âa] |wa] |wa] j{kj{k LokgkA¸ osQoy xq#tuksa osQ naM ls eqfDr ikus dk gh ugha] lk¡iksa dks cl esa djus dk ea=k Hkh mls mlh esa feyk FkkA 'kjr~ mldh ijh{kk djus dks vkrqj gks mBkA oqQN fnu igys mls lk¡i us dkV fy;k FkkA cM+h dfBurk ls mlosQ izk.k cp losQ FksA blhfy, og tuest; dh rjg ukx;K djus dks vkSj Hkh mRlqd FkkA dks'k esa fy[kk Fkk fd ,d gkFk yach csy dh tM+ fdlh Hkh fo"kkDr lk¡i osQ iQ.k osQ ikl j[k nsus ij iy&Hkj gh esa og lk¡i flj uhpk dj futhZo gks tk,xkA cM+s mRlkg osQ lkFk mlus csy dh tM+ <w¡<+ fudkyhA lk¡iksa dh dksbZ Hkh deh ugha FkhA ysfdu ml fnu 'kk;n mUgsa bl ea=k dk irk yx x;k FkkA blfy, cgqr [kkst djus ij Hkh dksbZ lk¡i ugha fn[kkbZ fn;kA var esa ve:n osQ ,d isM+ osQ uhps eycs esa ,d xks[k: lk¡i osQ cPps dk irk yxkA [kq'kh ls Hkjdj 'kjr~ vius ny lfgr ogk¡ tk igq¡pk vkSj mls ckgj fudyus dks NsM+us yxkA ckydksa osQ bl vR;kpkj ls {kqCèk gksdj lk¡i osQ ml cPps us viuk iQ.k mBk fy;kA 'kjr~ blh {k.k dh jkg ns[k jgk Fkk] rqjar vkxs c<+dj csy dh tM+ mlosQ lkeus dj nhA fo'okl Fkk fd vHkh og lk¡i flj uhpk djosQ lcls {kek&izkFkZuk djsxk] ysfdu fuLrst gksuk rks nwj og cPpk ckj&ckj ml tM+ dks Mlus yxkA ;g ns[kdj ckyd Hk;krqj gks mBsA rc ef.k ekek dgha ls ykBh ysdj vk, vkSj mUgksaus lukru jhfr ls ml cky liZ dk lagkj dj MkykA

,slk yxrk gS] rc rd 'kjr~ dh HksaV ^foyklh* osQ ^e`R;qat;* ls ugha gqbZ FkhA tM+ fn[kkus ls iwoZ ,d dke vkSj Hkh rks djuk gksrk gS] ¶ftl lk¡i dks tM+h fn[kkdj Hkxkuk gks igys mldk eq¡g xje yksgs dh lhad ls dbZ ckj nkx nks] fiQj mls pkgs tM+h fn[kkbZ tk,] pkgs dksbZ ekewyh&lh lhad] mls Hkkxdj tku cpkus dh gh lw>sxhA¸ ^Jhdkar* vkSj ^foyklh* vkfn viuh jpukvksa esa dFkkf'kYih 'kjr~panz us bl fo|k dh vPNh ppkZ dh gSA bu 'kjkjrksa osQ chp dHkh&dHkh ;g Hkh ns[kk tkrk fd nyifr xSjgkf”kj gSA iqdkj mBrh] ¶dgk¡ x, 'kjr~ nk\¸ ¶;gha rks FksA¸ ¶dgk¡ Fks\¸ oqQN irk u yxrk ijarq tc [kkst&[kkstdj lc Fkd tkrs rks u tkus dgk¡ ls vkdj og Lo;a gkf”kj gks tkrkA cPps mls ?ksj ysrs vkSj iwNrs] ¶dgk¡ pys x, Fks\¸ ¶riksou!¸ ¶;g riksou dgk¡ gS] gesa Hkh fn[kkvksA¸ mlus fdlh dks Hkh riksou dk irk ugha crk;k] ysfdu lqjsanz ekek ls mldh lcls vfèkd iVrh FkhA 'kk;n blfy, fd lqjsanz us mldh ek¡ dk nwèk fi;k FkkA og vHkh NksVk gh Fkk fd mldh ek¡ osQ fiQj larku gksus dh laHkkouk fn[kkbZ nhA mèkj 'kjr~ dk NksVk HkkbZ 'kS'ko esa gh py clk FkkA rc mldh ek¡ us lqjsanz dks viuk nwèk fiykdj ikyk FkkA blfy, cgqr vuqu;&fou; djus ij ,d fnu og mldks lkFk ysdj vius riksou x;kA tkus ls iwoZ mlus lqjsanz ls dgk] ¶eSa rq>s ogk¡ ys rks pyw¡xk] ijarq rw lw;Z] xaxk vkSj fgeky; dks lk{kh djosQ ;g izfrKk dj fd fdlh vkSj dks bl LFkku dk irk ugha crk,xkA¸ lqjsanz cksyk] ¶eSa lw;Z dks lk{kh djosQ izfrKk djrk gw¡ fd fdlh vkSj dks bl LFkku dk irk ugha crkm¡QxkA¸ ¶eSa xaxk dks lk{kh djosQ izfrKk djrk gw¡ fd fdlh vkSj dks bl LFkku dk irk ugha crkm¡QxkA¸

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¶eSa fgeky; dks lk{kh djosQ izfrKk djrk gw¡ fd fdlh vkSj dks bl LFkku dk irk ugha crkm¡QxkA¸ ¶vc py!¸ ?kks"k ifjokj osQ edku osQ mÙkj esa xaxk osQ fcyoqqQy ikl gh ,d dejs osQ uhps] uhe vkSj djkSans osQ isM+ksa us ml txg dks ?ksjdj vaèkdkj ls vkPNUu dj j[kk FkkA ukuk yrkvksa us ml LFkku dks pkjksa vksj ls ,sls <¡d fy;k Fkk fd euq"; dk mlesa izos'k djuk cM+k dfBu FkkA cM+h lkoèkkuh ls ,d LFkku dh yrkvksa dks gVkdj 'kjr~ mlosQ Hkhrj x;kA ogk¡ FkksM+h&lh lkI+kQ&lqFkjh txg FkhA gjh&Hkjh yrkvksa osQ Hkhrj ls lw;Z dh mTToy fdj.kas Nu&Nudj vk jgh Fkha vkSj muosQ dkj.k fLuXèk gfjr izdk'k iSQy x;k FkkA ns[kdj vk¡[ksa tqM+kus yxha vkSj eu xn~xn gksdj ekuks fdlh LoIuyksd esa igq¡p x;kA ,d cM+k&lk iRFkj ogk¡ j[kk FkkA mlosQ Åij cSBdj 'kjr~ us lqjsanz dks cqyk;k] ¶vk!¸ lqjsanz Mjrs&Mjrs ikl tk cSBkA uhps [kjÏksrk xaxk cg jgh FkhA nwj ml ikj dk n`'; lkI+kQ&lkI+kQ fn[kkbZ ns jgk FkkA ean&ean 'khry iou dh e`nq fgyksjsa 'kjhj dks iqyd ls Hkj jgh FkhaA lqjsanz us eqXèk gksdj dgk] ¶;g txg rks cgqr lqanj gSA¸ 'kjr~ cksyk] ¶gk¡] bl txg vkdj cSBuk eq>s cgqr vPNk yxrk gSA u tkus D;k&D;k lkspk djrk gw¡A cM+h&cM+h ckrsa lc ;gha fnekx esa vkrh gSaA¸ lqjsanz us dgk] ¶lpeqp ,slk yxrk gS fd tSls riksou esa vk x;k gw¡A vkt le>k gw¡ fd bl ckj rqeus vadxf.kr esa lkS esa ls lkS vad oSQls ik, FksA¸ u tkus fdruh ckj og bl ifo=k ekSu&,dkar esa vkdj cSBk gksxkA nwj ls vkrh cPpksa dh 'kjkjrksa dh vkok”ksa xaxk dh dy&dy èofu esa feydj ,d jgL;e; okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k djrh gksaxhA izÑfr dk lkSan;Z tSls mlosQ FkosQ ru&eu dks lgykrk gksxk vkSj rc mlus eu&gh&eu izfrKk dh gksxh] ¶eSa lw;Z] xaxk vkSj fgeky; dks lk{kh djosQ izfrKk djrk gw¡ fd eSa thou&Hkj lkSan;Z dh mikluk d:¡xk] fd eSa thou&Hkj vU;k; osQ fojQ¼ yM+™¡xk] fd eSa

dHkh NksVk dke ugha d:¡xkA¸ mlus vuqHko fd;k gksxk fd ?kj esa ,dkar ugha gSA ”kjk&”kjk&lh èofu efLr"d esa izfrèofu iSnk djrh gS vkSj mHkjrs gq, fp=k dks èkq¡èkyk dj nsrh gS---rHkh mlus bl riksou dks <w¡<+ fudkyk gksxkA ysfdu mlus vadxf.kr esa gh 'kr&izfr'kr vad ugha ik, Fks] vaxsz”kh LowQy osQ izFke o"kZ esa mlus ijh{kk esa izFke LFkku Hkh ik;k FkkA gqvk ;g fd Nk=ko`fÙk dh ijh{kk ikl djus osQ ckn vaxsz”kh i<+us osQ fy, mls uhps dh d{kk esa nkf[ky gksuk iM+k] blfy, nwljs fo"k; mlosQ fy, lgt gks x, vkSj og chp esa gh ,d o"kZ yk¡?kdj mQij dh d{kk esa igqa¡p x;kA bu lc ckrksa ls tgk¡ fe=kksa esa mldh izfr"Bk c<+h] ogk¡ xqjQtu Hkh vk'oLr gks x,A LowQy esa ,d NksVk&lk iqLrdky; Hkh FkkA ogha ls ysdj mlus ml ;qx osQ lHkh izfl¼ ys[kdksa dh jpuk,¡ i<+ MkyhaA ;qxlafèk osQ ml dky esa tc drkZ yksx paMh&eaMi esa cSBdj pkSiM+ dks ysdj 'kksj epkrs rc fd'kksj&o; osQ yksx pksjh&pksjh cafde&johanz dh iqLrdksa osQ iUus iyVrsA ysfdu 'kjr~ osQoy i<+rk gh ugha Fkk] mldks le>us vkSj vklikl osQ okrkoj.k dk lw{e vè;;u djus dh lgt izfrHkk Hkh mlesa FkhA og gj oLrq dks djhc ls ns[krk FkkA ml fnu vodk'k izkIr vè;kid v?kksjukFk vfèkdkjh Luku osQ fy, xaxk ?kkV dh vksj tk jgs FksA diM+s mBk, ihNs&ihNs py jgk Fkk 'kjr~A ,d VwVs gq, ?kj osQ Hkhrj ls ,d L=kh osQ èkhjs&èkhjs jksus dk d#.k Loj lqukbZ fn;kA vfèkdkjh egksn; fBBd x,A cksys] ¶;g dkSu jksrk gS\ D;k gqvk bls\¸ 'kjr~ us mÙkj fn;k] ¶ekLVj eq'kkbZ] bl ukjh dk Lokeh vaèkk FkkA yksxksa osQ ?kjksa esa dkedkt djosQ ;g mldks f[kykrh FkhA dy jkr bldk og vaèkk Lokeh ej x;kA og cgqr nq[kh gSA nq[kh yksx cM+s vknfe;ksa dh rjg fn[kkus osQ fy, ”kksj&”kksj ls ugha jksrsA mudk jksuk nq[k ls fonh.kZ izk.kksa dk ozaQnu gksrk gSA ekLVj eq'kkbZ] ;g lpeqp dk jksuk gSA¸ NksVh vk;q osQ ckyd ls jksus dk bruk lw{e foospu lqudj v?kksj ckcw fofLer gks mBsA os dydÙkk jgrs FksA ykSVdj mUgksaus vius ,d fe=k ls bl

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?kVuk dh ppkZ dhA fe=k us dgk] ¶tks #nu osQ fofHkUu :iksa dks igpkurk gS] og lkèkkj.k ckyd ugha gSA cM+k gksdj og fu'p; gh euLrRo osQ O;kikj esa + izfl¼ gksxkA¸ ysfdu xkaxqyh ifjokj esa mldh bl lgt izfrHkk dks igpkuus okyk dksbZ ugha FkkA bl ?kksj vkn'kZoknh ifjokj esa osQoy ,d gh O;fDr ,slk Fkk ftl ij uo;qx dh gok dk oqQN izHkko gqvk FkkA os Fks osQnkjukFk osQ pkSFks HkkbZ vejukFkA os 'kkSdhu rch;r osQ FksA dcwrj ikyrs FksA vkSj ml ;qx esa oaQ?kk] 'kh'kk vkSj czq'k bR;kfn dk iz;ksx djrs FksA flj ij vaxzs”kh I+kSQ'ku osQ cky Hkh j[krs FksA ?kj osQ ckyd muosQ bl :i ij eqXèk FksA eqXèk gksus dk ,d vkSj Hkh dkj.k FkkA nÝ+ rj ls ykSVdj os jks”k mUgsa oqQN u oqQN nsrs FksA tSls ihijesaV dh xksfy;k¡ bR;kfnA ysfdu blh dkj.k cM+s HkkbZ muls vizlUu FksA vkSj blh dkj.k ,d fnu pksVh j[kdj 'ks"k cky mUgsa dVk nsus iM+s FksA i<+us esa Hkh mudh #fp de ugha FkhA cafdepanz osQ ^caxn'kZu* dk izos'k mUgha osQ }kjk xkaxqyh ifjokj esa gks ldk FkkA ;g ^caxn'kZu* ck¡Xyk lkfgR; esa uo;qx dk lwpd FkkA xkaxqyh yksxksa osQ gkyh 'kgj ls cafdepanz dk ^dkaBkyikM+k* nwj ugha FkkA ml xk¡o dh ,d yM+dh bl ifjokj esa oèkw cudj Hkh vkbZ Fkh] ysfdu ^?kj dk tksxh tksxuk vku xk¡o dk fl¼*A cafdepanz dh ;gk¡ rfud Hkh izfr"Bk ugha FkhA uo;qx osQ lans'kokgd gksus osQ ukrs bl d^j ifjokj esa vxj Fkh rks FkksM+h&cgqr vizfr"Bk gh Fkh] ysfdu fiQj Hkh vejukFk pksjh&fNis ^caxn'kZu* ykrs FksA muls og Hkqoueksguh osQ }kjk eksrhyky osQ ikl igq¡prk Fkk vkSj ogk¡ ls oqQlqedkfeuh dh cSBd esaA nqHkkZX; ls vejukFk cgqr fnu th ugha losQA cPpksa dks vikj O;Fkk esa Mqcksdj os NksVh vk;q esa gh LoxZoklh gks x,A mudh deh fdlh lhek rd eksrhyky vkSj oqQlqedkfeuh us iwjh dhA oqQlqedkfeuh lcls NksVs ukuk v?kksjukFk dh iRuh FkhaA Nk=ko`fÙk ijh{kk ikl djosQ Lo;a mUgksaus bZ'ojpanz fo|klkxj osQ gkFkksa ls ikfjrksf"kd ik;k FkkA tSlk fd gksrk vk;k gS] rc Hkh fL=k;ksa dk eq[; dk;Z Fkk] jlksbZ dk tqxkM+ djuk vkSj ?kj&x`gLFkh osQ nwljs dk;Z

l¡HkkyukA mlls le; cpk rks thou dks thoar cukus osQ fy, dyg djuk ;k lksukA fiQj tkxus ij ij¯unk esa jl ysuk] ysfdu oqQlqedkfeuh ;g lc ugha dj ikrh FkhaA ftl fnu mudh jlksbZ cukus dh ckjh ugha gksrh Fkh] ml fnu mudh cSBd esa (;k Åij Nr ij) ,d NksVh&eksVh xks"Bh gksrh FkhA mlesa os Lo;a ^caxn'kZu* osQ vfrfjDr ^e`.kkfyuh*] ^ohjkaxuk*] ^c`tkaxuk*] ^es?kukn oèk* vkSj ^uhyniZ.k* i<+dj lqukrh FkhaA mudk Loj vkSj i<+us dh 'kSyh bruh eeZLi'khZ Fkh fd lHkh fuLian gks mBrs FksA ckyd 'kjr~ vk'p;Z vkSj vknj ls Hkjdj lksprk fd ys[kd Hkh fdruk vlkèkkj.k O;fDr gksrk gSA laHkor% mlosQ eu esa rc ys[kd cuus dh ckr ugha mBh FkhA ij mlus ys[kd dks euq"; ls Åij vo'; ekuk FkkA ;g mlosQ miktZu djus dk ;qx Fkk] ys[kd cuus dk ughaA bl xks"Bh esa mlus lkfgR; dk igyk ikB i<+k Fkk vkSj fiQj cgqr fnu ckn i<+h ^caxn'kZu* esa dfoxq# dh ;qxkarjdkjh jpuk ^vk¡[k dh fdjfdjh*A i<+dj ml fd'kksj dks tks xgjs vkuan dh vuqHkwfr gqb]Z mldks u og fdlh dks crk ldk] u thou&Hkj Hkwy gh ldkA vc rd mldk eu Hkwr&izsrksa dh dgkfu;ksa ls gh vkrafdr jgk FkkA bl u, thou&n'kZu us mls izdk'k vkSj lkSan;Z osQ ,d u, tknwHkjs lalkj esa igq¡pk fn;kA tSls iqf'du dh jpuk i<+us osQ ckn rkYlrk; iqdkj mBs Fks] ¶eSa iqf'du ls cgqr oqQN lh[k ldrk gw¡A os esjs firk gSaA os esjs xqjQ gSaA¸ oSls gh 'kjr~~ us dgk gksxk] ¶eSa muls cgqr oqQN lh[k ldrk gw¡A os vkt ls esjs xqjQ gq,A¸ vkSj lpeqp 'kjr~ thou osQ vafre {k.k rd mUgsa viuk xqjQ gh ekurs jgsA okLro esa ef.k&'kjr~ dh f'k{kk dk vkfn ioZ oqQlqedkfeuh dh ikB'kkyk esa gh 'kq: gqvk FkkA ikB~;iqLrd dk ozQe lekIr gksus ij lkfgR; dh ckjh vkrh FkhA 'kS'ko ls ysdj ;kSou osQ izkjaHk gksus rd bl ozQe esa dksbZ O;oèkku ugha iM+kA vijkts; dFkkf'kYih 'kjr~panz osQ fuekZ.k esa oqQlqedkfeuh dk tks ;ksxnku gS mls dHkh ugha Hkqyk;k tk losQxkA blh xks"Bh esa vpkud ,d fnu ozQkafr gks xbZA ,d u, Lkzksr ls vkdj ml fnu johanzukFk dh dfork ^izo`Qfrj izfr'kksèk* dk Loj xw¡t mBkA i<+usokys Fks

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mlh ifjokj osQ ,d O;fDrA os ckgj jgdj i<+s FksA bl ifjokj esa oftZr laxhr vkSj dkO; esa mudh fnypLih FkhA ml dfork dks lqukus osQ fy, mu caèkq us ifjokj dh lHkh ukfj;ksa dks bd_k fd;k FkkA fdlus fdruk le>k] irk ugha] ysfdu 'kjr~ dh vk¡[kksa esa vk¡lw vk x,A mUgsa fNikus osQ fy, og mBdj ckgj pyk x;kA va rjky 52

(3) ukuk osQ bl ifjokj esa 'kjr~ osQ fy, vfèkd fnu jguk laHko ugha gks ldkA mlosQ firk u osQoy LoIun'khZ Fks] cfYd muesa dbZ vkSj nks"k FksA os gqDdk ihrs Fks] vkSj cM+s gksdj cPpksa osQ lkFk cjkcjh dk O;ogkj djrs FksA mudh 'kjkjrksa esa os lnk vijks{k :i ls lgk;rk djrs FksA tc muesa ls fdlh dks xksnke esa can djus dh l”kk feyrh rks os pqipki mUgsa [kkuk ns vk;k djrs FksA tc os NwVrs rks iwQyksa dh ekyk rS;kj djosQ mUgsa izlUu dj nsrs FksA muosQ cuk, dkx”k osQ ukuk izdkj osQ f[kykSus cPpksa esa cgqr yksdfiz; FksA cM+s ;Ru ls os LysV&isafly ysdj mUgsa lqanj v{kj fy[kuk fl[kkrs FksA muosQ fy, xaxk&Luku dk izcaèk dj nsrs FksA oSQlk vkuan gS xaxk esa owQnus esa] ;g cPps gh tkurs gSaA rHkh rks muosQ fy, os e#LFky esa 'kk}y osQ leku FksA mudh laosnu'khyrk vifjlhe FkhA ,d rks ?kj&t¡okbZ] blosQ mijkar dBksj vuq'kklu okys ifjokj esa ,slk crkZo djuk] blh dkj.k ogk¡ mudh fLFkfr cgqr vPNh ugha FkhA mudk Lora=k O;fDrRo tSls lekIr gks x;k FkkA tSls muosQ ru&eu nksuksa dks fdlh us [kjhn fy;k gksA mudk viuk muosQ ikl oqQN ugha FkkA ^dk'khukFk* esa dk'khukFk Hkh rks ?kj&t¡okbZ gksdj jgrk gSA mls Hkh ekufld lq[k ugha gSA ¶dHkh&dHkh og ,slk eglwl djus yxrk] tSls vpkud mls fdlh us xje ikuh osQ dM+kgs esa NksM+ fn;k gksA ekuks lc us feydj] lykg djosQ mldh nsg dks [kjhn fy;k gksA ekuks vc og mldh viuh ugha jghA¸

fiQj Hkh fdlh rjg fnu chr jgs Fks fd vpkud ,d nq?kZVuk gks xbZA osQnkjukFk dh iRuh ¯oè;okfluh nsoh rkaxs esa dgha tk jgh Fkha fd og myV x;kA1 muosQ dkI+kQh pksV vkbZA cgqr iz;Ru djus ij Hkh og Hkkxyiqj esa Bhd ugha gks ldhaA MkWDVj us dgk] ¶bUgsa dydÙkk ys tkb,A¸ dkI+kQh O;;lkè; ckr Fkh vkSj ifjokj dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr rc rd fcxM+ pqdh FkhA HkkbZ vyx&vyx jgus yxs FksA muesa ls vejukFk dh e`R;q gks pqdh Fkh vkSj mudh iq=kh fookg osQ ;ksX; FkhA fir`ghu dU;k dk fookg nsj ls gksus ij viokn mB [kM+k gksus dk Mj jgrk gSA osQnkjukFk djsa rks D;k djsa\ ,d fnu mUgksaus eksrhyky dks cqyk;k] dgk] ¶vc rqEgkjk ;gk¡ jguk laHko ugha gSA nsokuaniqj tkdj dksbZ dke djus dk iz;Ru djksA¸ eksrhyky us lqu fy;k] Hkqoueksfguh us Hkh lqu fy;kA dksbZ jkLrk ugha FkkA f'kdok&f'kdk;r djrha Hkh rks fdlls djrha vkSj oSQls djrhaA blhfy, 'kjr~ us ,d fnu ik;k fd og fiQj nsokuaniqj ykSV vk;k gSA ysfdu ykSV vkus ls iwoZ mldk ifjp; xkaxqyh ifjokj osQ iM+ksl esa jgus okys etwenkj ifjokj osQ jktw ls gks pqdk FkkA og ifjp; vuk;kl gh ugha gks x;k FkkA blosQ ihNs izfr;ksfxrk vkSj izfrLièkkZ dk dkI+kQh cM+k bfrgkl gSA ';keo.kZ] LoLFk psgjk] vktkuckgq] eq[k ij pspd osQ lkekU; fu'kku] 'kjhj esa ftruh 'kfDr eu esa mruk gh lkgl] ,sls jktsanzukFk mI+kZQ jktw osQ firk jkejru etwenkj fMfLVªDV bathfu;j gksdj Hkkxyiqj vk, Fks] ysfdu erHksn gks tkus ij mUgsa R;kxi=k nsrs nsj u yxhA Bhd xkaxqfy;ksa osQ ikl mudk ?kj Fkk vkSj vklikl dh ”kehu dks ysdj nksuksa ifjokjksa esa dkI+kQh eueqVko Hkh FkkA ml le; ogk¡ ?kuk ou FkkA ekrk&firk osQ vuq'kklu ls ihfM+r ckyd blh ou esa 'kj.k xzg.k djrs FksA èkweziku] xk¡tk vkSj pjl osQ lkFk&lkFk HkSalksa dk nwèk pqjkdj 'kjhj cukus dk dke ;gk¡ fujarj pyrk FkkA jkejru etwenkj us vius lkr csVksa osQ fy, lkr dksfB;k¡ cuokb±] ysfdu muosQ ifjokj esa oqQN ,slh ckrsa Fkha] ftuosQ fy, iqjkruiaFkh caxkyh lekt mUgsa 1- lu~ 1888 bZ-

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dHkh {kek ugha dj ldkA os yksx phuh fe^h osQ I;kyksa esa [kkuk [kk ysrs FksA eqlyeku cSjs ls dk¡p osQ fxykl esa ikuh ysus vkSj NksVs HkkbZ dh foèkok iRuh ls ckrsa djus esa mUgsa dksbZ vkifÙk ugha FkhA os eks”ks igurs] nk<+h j[krs] Dyc tkrs vkSj ckrksa esa n'kZu dk iqV nsrs FksA firk dh Lokèkhupsrk ijaijk dks jktw us pje lhek rd igq¡pk fn;k FkkA iraxck”kh osQ }a};q¼ esa 'kjr~ dh rjg og Hkh ikja xr FkkA blfy, LokHkkfod :i ls nksuksa ,d&nwljs dks gjkus dh dkeuk djrs FksA jktw osQ ikl iSls dk cy FkkA irax dk cf<+;k ls cf<+;k ljatke tqVkus esa mls ”kjk Hkh dfBukbZ ugha gqbZA ysfdu 'kjr~ osQ ikl iSlk dgk¡ ls vkrkA mlosQ ny us cksry osQ dk¡p dks eSnk dh rjg ihldj vkSj mlesa ukuk miØe feykdj ek¡>k rS;kj fd;kA ml fnu 'kfuokj FkkA laè;k gksrs gh 'kjr~ dh xqykch irax eupkgh fn'kk esa mM+ pyhA mlh le; ns[kk x;k fd ,d lI+ksQn irax èkhjs&èkhjs mlosQ ikl vk jgh gSA ;g Fkh jktw dh iraxA cl }a};q¼ vkjaHk gks x;kA iasp ij isap yM+s tkus yxsA nksuksa ny viuh&viuh fot; osQ fy, mÙksftr gks mBsA ^og ekjk*] ^og dkVk* dk d.kZHksnh Loj lcdks Mksyk;eku djus yxkA lglk yksxksa us ns[kk fd lI+ksQn irax dVdj bèkj&mèkj yM+[kM+krh gqbZ èkjrh dh vksj vk jgh gSA fiQj D;k Fkk] 'kjr~ osQ ny osQ g"kZ dk ikjkokj ugha jgkA mèkj jktw us mlh {k.k irax dk lHkh ljatke xaxk dks vfiZr dj fn;kA ysfdu blh izfr;ksfxrk vkSj la?k"kZ osQ chp ls gksdj os èkhjs&èkhjs ,d&nwljs osQ izfr vkdf"kZr gksus yxsA jktw vlkèkkj.k izo`fÙk dk ckyd Fkkμvfer lkgl] viwoZ izR;qRiUuefr] lc dk;ks± esa liQyrk izkIr djus okykA 'kjr~ dh fLFkj] èkhj vkSj 'kkar cqf¼ vfHkHkkodksa osQ nqxZ dh eksVh nhokjksa dks yk¡?kdj mls pfdr djrh jgrh Fkh vkSj og mlls fe=krk djus osQ fy, vkrqj gks mBrk FkkA vkf[kj ,d fnu lc fo?u&ckèkkvksa dks yk¡?kdj nksuksa fd'kksj ,d gks x,A jktw] tks vk;q esa cM+k Fkk] 'kh?kz gh 'kjr~ osQ lHkh nqLlkgfld dk;ks± dk ea=knkrk cu x;kA mu nksuksa dh fe=krk dk ,d vkSj dkj.k Fkk] laxhr vkSj vfHku; osQ izfr nksuksa dk leku izseA 'kjr~ dk oaQB vR;ar eèkqj FkkA

ckj&ckj bl fe=krk osQ lacaèk esa mls psrkouh feyh gksxh ij rRdkyhu lnkpkj vkSj vuq'kklu D;k dHkh mls ck¡èkdj j[k losQA ml ifjokj osQ eqf[k;ksa esa ,slk ,d Hkh ugha Fkk] tks mls izsj.kk vkSj ljkguk osQ nks 'kCn Hkh dgrkA ;gh le; rks thou osQ lok±xh.k fodkl dk izkjafHkd dky ekuk tkrk gSA rc mlosQ fy, ;g LokHkkfod Fkk fd og ifjokj osQ ckgj izsj.kk osQ Ïksr [kkstrk] D;ksafd izkjaHk ls gh mlesa os xq.k fo|eku Fks tks O;fDr dks egku cuus dk volj nsrs gSaA (4) eksrhyky p^ksikè;k; pkSchl ijxuk f”kys esa dkapM+kikM+k osQ ikl ekewniqj osQ jgus okys FksA muosQ firk cSoqaQBukFk p^ksikè;k; laHkzkar jk<+h czkã.k ifjokj osQ ,d Lokèkhupsrk vkSj fuHkhZd O;fDr FksA vkSj og ;qx Fkk izcy izrkih ”kehankjksa osQ vR;kpkj dk] ysfdu os dHkh muls ncs ughaA mUgksaus lnk iztk dk gh i{k fy;kA blhfy, ,d fnu muosQ Øksèk dk f'kdkj gks x,A lquk x;k fd ,d fnu ”kehankj us mUgsa cqykdj fdlh eqdnes esa xokgh nsus osQ fy, dgkA mUgksaus mÙkj fn;k] ¶eSa xokgh oSQls ns ldrk gw¡\ mlosQ ckjs esa eSa oqQN Hkh ugha tkurkA¸ ”kehankj us dgk] ¶xokgh nsus osQ fy, tkuuk ”k:jh ugha gSA¸ >wBh xokgh vkt Hkh nh tkrh gSA ml fnu Hkh nh tkrh Fkh] ysfdu cSoqaQBukFk us lkI+kQ budkj dj fn;kA izcy izrkih ”kehankj ozqQ¼ gks mBkA dkj.k oqQN vkSj Hkh gks ldrk gSA ,d fnu vpkud os ?kj ls xk;c gks x,A eksrhyky rc cgqr NksVs FksA f'k'kq iq=k dks xksn esa fpidk, cSoqaQBukFk dh iRuh jkr Hkj ifr dh jkg ns[krh jgh] ysfdu os ugha ykSVsA lcsjk gksrs&gksrs ,d vkneh us vkdj dgk] ¶cgw ek¡---cgw ek¡] vuFkZ gks x;kA cSoqaQBukFk dks fdlh us ekj MkykA mudk 'ko Luku?kkV ij iM+k gSA¸

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cgw ek¡ dh tSls ph[k fudy xbZA grizHk&foew<+ mUgksaus ckyd dks dldj Nkrh ls yxk fy;kA og u cksy ldrh Fkha vkSj u csgks'k gks ldrh FkhaA ”kehankj dk bruk vkrad Fkk fd og fpYYkkdj jks Hkh ugha ldrh FkhaA mldk vFkZ gksrk] iq=k ls Hkh gkFk èkks cSBukA xk¡o osQ cM+s&cw<+ksa dh lykg osQ vuqlkj mlus tYnh&tYnh ifr dh vafre fØ;k lekIr dh vkSj jkrksajkr nsokuaniqj vius HkkbZ osQ ikl pyh xb±A oqQN cM+s gksus ij eksrhyky dk fookg Hkkxyiqj osQ osQnkjukFk xaxksikè;k; dh nwljh csVh Hkqoueksfguh ls gqvkA ml le; osQ cgqr ls caxkfy;ksa dh rjg osQnkjukFk osQ firk jkeèku xaxksikè;k; ?kksj nkfjnzÔ ls rax vkdj thfodk dh ryk'k esa] gkyh 'kgj ls ;gk¡ vkdj cl x, FksA os brus izfrHkk'kkyh vkSj ifjJe'khy Fks fd ljdkj esa m¡Qps in ij igq¡pus esa mUgsa nsj ugha yxhA fiQj rks laiUurk vkSj izfr"Bk nksuksa us gh mudk eqDr gksdj oj.k fd;kA ysfdu ml le; fookg osQ fy, laiUurk dh vko';drk ugha gksrh FkhA gksrh Fkh oqQyhurk vkSj oa'ke;kZnk dhA eksrhyky dks ln~oa'k dh oqQyhu larku tkudj gh osQnkjukFk us viuh dU;k mUgsa nhA mUgha osQ ikl jgdj eksrhyky us eSfVªd dh ijh{kk ikl dhA mlosQ ckn i<+us osQ fy, os iVuk dkyst pys x,A pfp;k llqj v?kksjukFk muosQ lgikBh FksA ysfdu nksuksa osQ LoHkko esa ”kjk Hkh lekurk ugha FkhA eksrhyky ?kksj vHkko esa iys Fks] ijarq ek¡ mUgsa cgqr I;kj djrh Fkh] blfy, cpiu esa dksbZ Bhd fn'kk mUgsa ugha fey ldhA mUgsa i<+us&fy[kus dk cgqr 'kkSd Fkk] ijarq mlls vfèkd 'kkSd Fkk dYiukvksa esa Mwcs jgus dk] ¶eq>s dYiuk dh xksn esa flj j[kdj lks tkus nksA eSa ml lalkj dks ns[kuk pkgrk gw¡ ftldk ;g lalkj izfr¯cc gSA¸ eksrhyky ;gh oqQN FksA mlosQ foijhr v?kksjukFk Fks deZB] [kjs vkSj Li"VoknhA ,slh fLFkfr esa dYiukfiz; eksrhyky ls mudh ?kfu"Brk oSQls gks ldrh Fkh\ dkyst esa Hkh os cgqr vfèkd nsj ugha fVd losQA nsokuaniqj ykSVdj dksbZ ukSdjh djus yxsA mu fnuksa baVªsal ikl osQ fy, ukSdjh ik ysuk cgqr dfBu ugha FkkA ekek us vius

?kj osQ ikl mUgsa FkksM+h&lh ”kehu ns nh FkhA oqQN #i;k tksM+dj mUgksaus cjkens lfgr nks dksBfj;ksa dk ,d eaf”kyk] nf{k.k}kjh] iDdk ?kj cuok fy;kA blh esa jgdj os viuh x`gLFkh pykus yxsA eksrhyky dh ek¡ lkglh lqx`fg.kh Fkha] rks mudh iRuh 'kkar izÑfr] fueZy pfj=k vkSj mnkjo`fÙk dh efgyk FkhaA og lqanj ugha Fkha ijarq oSnw;Z ef.k dh rjg varj osQ :i ls :ilh fu'p; gh FkhaA muosQ lgt ikfrozR; vkSj izse dh Nk;k esa LoIun'khZ] ;k;koj ifr dh x`gLFkh pyus yxhA ;gha ij 15 flracj] 1876 bZñ rnuqlkj 31 Hkknz] 1283 caxkCn] vkf'ou Ñ".kk }kn'kh] laor~ 1933] 'kdkCn 1798] 'kqØokj dh laè;k dks ,d iq=k dk tUe gqvkA og vius ekrk&firk dh nwljh larku FkkA pkj&,d o"kZ igys mldh ,d cgu vfuyk tUe ys pqdh FkhA ekrk&firk us cM+s pko ls iq=k dk uke j[kk ^'kjr~panz*A nsokuaniqj caxky dk ,d lkèkkj.k&lk xk¡o gSA gjk&Hkjk] rky&ryS;ksa] ukfj;y vkSj osQys osQ o`{kksa ls iw.kZA eysfj;k dh izpqjrk Hkh de ugha gSA uokch 'kklu esa ;g I+kQkjlh Hkk"kk dh f'k{kk dk osaQnz FkkA Ms<+ lkS o"kZ igys jk;xq.kkdj dfo Hkkjrpanz jk; us] I+kQkjlh Hkk"kk dk vè;;u djus osQ fy,] viuk oSQ'kks;Z dky ;gk¡ fcrk;k FkkA bldh x.kuk izkphu lIr xzkeksa esa gksrh gSA rc le`¼ Hkh jgk gksxkA Hkkjrpanz osQ le; bl xk¡o esa gfjjke jk; vkSj jkepanz nÙk eaq'kh i<+kus&fy[kkus dk dke djrs FksA bUgha ls mUgksaus I+kQkjlh i<+h vkSj Lo;a nks i| fy[kdj bUgsa vej dj x, % , fru tukj dFkk] iapkyh izca/s xkFkkA cqf¼ :i oSQy ukuk tukAA nsokuaniqj xzke nsosj vkuan /keA gfjjke jk;sj oklukAA nsosj vkuan /ke] nsokuaniqj ukeA rkgs vf/dkjh jke jkepanz eqa'khAA Hkkjrs ujsanz jk;] ns'ks tkj ;'k xk;A gks;s eksjs Ñiknk; iM+kby ikjlhAA

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blh xk¡o esa 'kjr~ dk ckY;dky vR;ar vHkko esa vkjaHk gqvkA ek¡ u tkus oSQls x`gLFkh pykrh FkhaA tkurh Fkha ifr oSQls gSaA muls f'kdok&f'kdk;r O;FkZ gSA lkFkZd ;gh gS fd ?kj dh 'kksHkk cuh jgsA mUgksaus u dHkh xguksa dh ek¡x dh] u dherh iks'kkd dh ghA vkReksRlxZ gh ekuks mudk nk; FkkA tc Hkkxyiqj esa os jgrh Fkha rc pkpkvksa osQ brus cM+s ifjokj esa ;g mUgha dk vfèkdkj Fkk fd lc ek¡vksa osQ cPpksa dks viuh Nkrh esa fNikdj mudh ns[k&js[k djsaA dkSu dc vk,xk\ dkSu dc tk,xk\ fdldks D;k vkSj dc [kkuk gS\ ,sls vla[; iz'uksa dks lqy>kus esa mUgsa lk¡l ysus dh I+kqQjlr gh ugha feyrh FkhA fujarj vkok”k xw¡trh jgrh Fkh] ¶dgk¡ gS Hkqou\ vks Hkqou! vjs Hkqou csVh!¸ eksrhyky ekuks vkdk'k esa mM+usokyh jaxhu irax FksA vkSj Hkqoueksfguh Fkh fujarj ?kwers gq, pØ osQ leku lhèkh&lknh izÑfr dh efgykA mldk dksey eu lcosQ nq[k ls nzfor gks mBrk FkkA blhfy, lHkh mldks I;kj djrs Fks] cM+s mldh lsok&ijk;.krk ij eqXèk Fks] NksVs mlosQ Lusg osQ fy, ykykf;r jgrs FksA 'kjr~&lkfgR; esa [kkstus ij ,sls vusd pfj=k fey ldrs gSaA ek¡ dk ½.k pqdkus osQ fy, dFkkdkj 'kjr~ ”kjk Hkh rks Ñi.k ugha gqvkA ysfdu oSQlh Hkh ljy vkSj mnkj ukjh gks ifr dh vdeZ.;rk mldks Bsl igq¡pkrh gh gSA Hkqoueksfguh cgqr ckj {kqCèk gks mBrh] rc eksrhyky pqipki ?kj ls fudy tkrs vkSj nsj rd ckgj gh jgrs] ^'kqHknk* osQ gkjku ckcw dh rjgA (5) 'kjr~ tc ik¡p o"kZ dk gqvk rks mls ckdk;nk I;kjh (canksikè;k;) iafMr dh ikB'kkyk esa HkrhZ dj fn;k x;k] ysfdu og 'kCn'k% 'kjkjrh FkkA izfrfnu dksbZ u dksbZ dkaM djosQ gh ykSVrkA tSls&tSls og cM+k gksrk x;k mldh 'kjkjrsa Hkh c<+rh xb±A ml fnu pVkbZ ij cSBs&cSBs mlus ns[kk fd iafMr th fpye esa rackowQ ltkdj dgha pys x, gSaA cl og mBk vkSj fpye esa ls rackowQ gVkdj mlosQ LFkku ij b±V osQ NksVs&NksVs VqdM+s j[k fn,A iafMr th us ykSVdj

fpye esa vkx j[kh vkSj gqDosQ ij j[kdj xqM+xqM+kus yxs] ysfdu èkqvk¡ rks ckgj vk gh ugha jgkA dbZ ckj dksf'k'k dh] ij O;FkZA rc fpye dks myV&iyVdj ns[kk rks ik;k fd rackowQ osQ LFkku ij b±V osQ VqdM+s j[ks gq, gSaA le> x, ;g fdlh fo|kFkhZ dk gh dke gSA ozqQ¼ gksdj mUgksaus iwNk] ¶lp crkvks] ;s b±V osQ VqdM+s fpye esa fdlus j[ks gSa\¸ oqQN {k.k rd dksbZ oqQN ugha cksyk] ysfdu tc iafMr th Øksèk ls ckj&ckj phRdkj djus yxs rks] Mj osQ ekjs ,d yM+osQ us 'kjr~ dk uke ys fn;kA lqudj iafMr th us csar gkFk esa mBkbZ vkSj ekjus osQ fy, mldh vksj yiosQA 'kjr~ us ;g ns[kk rks rqjar Nykax yxk nhA tkrs le; ml yM+osQ dks èkDdk nsuk ugha Hkwyk ftlus mldk uke fy;k FkkA og fxj iM+kA iafMr th mldks mBkus yxs vkSj mlh chp esa 'kjr~ ;g tk vkSj og tkA Øksèk ls dk¡irs gq, iafMr th 'kjr~ osQ ?kj ig¡qpsA mldh dgkuh lqudj ek¡ osQ Øksèk dk Hkh fBdkuk u jgkA ?kj ykSVus ij mlus 'kjr~ dks [kwc ihVkA chp&chp esa vius diky ij Hkh gkFk ekjdj dgrh] ¶D;k djsxk ;g yM+dk\ oSQls pysxk bldk dke\---¸ ysfdu lkl us mls le>k;k] ¶cgw] rw bls er ekj! ,d fnu bldh efr ykSV vk,xhA vkSj ;g cgqr cM+k vkneh gksxkA eSa og fnu ns[kus osQ fy, ugha jgw¡xh] ysfdu rw ns[k ysuk] esjh ckr >wB ugha gksxhA¸ iafMr th Hkh tc dHkh muosQ ikl f'kdk;r ysdj igq¡prs rc muls Hkh og cM+s 'kkar Hkko ls ;gh dgrha] ¶iafMr th] U;kM+k1 FkksM+k nq"V rks gS ij cM+k gksdj ;g Hkykekul gh cusxkA¸ iafMr th Lo;a dbZ ckj mldh 'kjkjrksa dks vuns[kk dj tkrsA ,d rks og i<+us esa rs”k Fkk] nwljs muosQ csVs dk'khukFk dk ije fe=k Hkh FkkA dk'khukFk mlh LowQy esa i<+rk Fkk vkSj mlh LowQy esa i<+rh Fkh mlosQ ,d fe=k dh cguA u tkus oSQls 'kjr~ dh mlls fe=krk gqbAZ os vdlj nksuksa ,d lkFk ?kwers gq, fn[kkbZ nsrAs ftruk ,d&nwljs dks pkgrs mruk gh >xM+k Hkh djrsA unh ;k rkykc ij 1- 'kjr~ osQ iqdkjus dk uke

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eNyh idM+uk] uko ysdj unh esa lSj djuk] ckx ls iQy pqjkuk] irax dk ljatke rS;kj djuk] ou&taxy esa ?kweuk] bu lc izdkj osQ cky lqyHk dkeksa esa og ckfydk 'kjr~ dh lafxuh FkhA vlyh uke mldk D;k Fkk fdlh dks irk ugha ijarq lqHkhrs osQ fy, yksx mls èkh: osQ uke ls tkurs gSAa èkh: dks ,d 'kkSd Fkk] djkSanksa dh ½rq vkrh rks og mudh ekyk rS;kj djrh vkSj 'kjr~ dks HksaV dj nsrhA 'kk;n ekY;kiZ.k dk vFkZ og rc rd ugha tkurh FkhA ysfdu le; osQ nsork us ,d u ,d fnu ;g jgL; mu nksuksa dks le>k gh fn;k gksxkA oSls mu nksuksa dk lacaèk de jgL;e; ugha FkkA xjeh osQ fnuksa esa ,d fnu D;k gqvkμ'kjr~ ^nsonkl* dh rjg ikB'kkyk osQ dejs esa ,d dksus esa ,d iQVh gqbZ pVkbZ osQ Åij cSBk FkkA LysV gkFk esa fy, og dHkh vk¡[ksa [kksyrk] dHkh ew¡nrk] dHkh iSj iSQykdj teqgkbZ ysrkA var esa og cgqr gh ¯prk'khy gks mBkA mlus fu'p; fd;k fd ,slk le; xqah mM+krs gq, ?kweus&fiQjus osQ fy, gksrk gSA cl {k.k&Hkj esa ,d ;qfDr mls lw> xbZA ikB'kkyk esa ml le; tyiku dh Nq^h FkhA ckyd ukuk izdkj osQ [ksy [ksyrs gq, 'kksjxqy dj jgs FksA og 'kjkjrh Fkk] blfy, mls Nq^h ugha feyh FkhA ,d ckj ikB'kkyk ls fudyrk rks ykSVdj ugha vkrkA d{kk osQ izeq[k Nk=k Hkksyw dh ns[kjs[k esa mls i<+us dh vkKk FkhA mlus ns[kk fd iafMr th lks jgs gSa vkSj Hkksyw VwVh gqbZ csap ij ,sls cSBk gS tSls iafMr th gkasA og pqipki LysV ysdj mlosQ ikl igq¡pkA cksyk] ¶;g loky le> esa ugha vk jgk gSA¸ Hkksyw us xaHkhj gksdj dgk] ¶ykvks ”kjk LysV] ns[kw¡ rksA¸ ftl le; Hkksyw ”kksj&”kksj ls cksydj loky fudkyus dh ps"Vk dj jgk Fkk] mlh le; ,d ?kVuk ?kV xbZA lglk Hkksyw csp a osQ ikl tks pwus dk <sj yxk gqvk Fkk mlesa tk fxjk vkSj 'kjr~ dk fiQj dgha irk u yxkA èkh: ;g ns[kdj ”kksj&”kksj ls rkfy;k¡ ctk&ctkdj g¡lus yxhA mlh le; iafMr th tkx mBsA Hkksyw dk :i rc ns[krs gh curk FkkA flj ls iSj rd pwus esa jaxdj Hkwr dh rjg fn[kkbZ nsrk FkkA vkSj jksuk mldk fdlh rjg Hkh can ugha gks jgk FkkA iafMr th dks fLFkfr le>rs nsj ugha yxhA cksy]s ¶rks og 'kjrk gjke”kknk rq>s èkDdk nsdj Hkkx x;k gS\¸

Hkksyw us fdlh rjg dgk] ¶vka ] vka !¸ mlosQ ckn 'kjr~ dh tks [kkst eph og fdlh NksVh&eksVh lsuk osQ vkØe.k ls de ugha FkhA yM+osQ ukuk izdkj dh ckrsa djrs mls <w¡<+ jgs Fks] ysfdu dksbZ mldks idM+ ugha ldkA ftl fdlh us mlosQ ikl igq¡pus dh ps"Vk dh mlh ij mlus b±V isaQd ekjhA èkh: lc oqQN ns[k jgh FkhA og ;g Hkh tkurh Fkh fd 'kjr~ bl le; dgk¡ x;k gksxkA FkksMh+ nsj ckn mlus vius vk¡py esa ewMh+ ck¡èkh vkSj ”kehankj osQ vke osQ ckx esa izos'k fd;kA ogha ,d ck¡l dk fHk<+k FkkA ikl igqp ¡ dj mlus ns[kk] 'kjr~ ogk¡ cSBk gqvk gqDdk ih jgk gSA mls ns[krs gh cksyk] ¶ykvks] D;k ykbZ gks\¸ vkSj ;g dgrs&dgrs mlosQ vk¡py esa ls ewM+h [kksydj [kkus yxkA og [kkrk jgk vkSj èkh: iafMr th dh ckr lqukrh jghA vpkud og cksyk] ¶ikuh ykbZ gks\¸ èkh: us dgk] ¶ikuh rks ugha ykbZA¸ 'kjr~ fcxM+dj cksyk] ¶rks vc tkdj ykvksA¸ èkh: dks ;g vPNk ugha yxkA dgk] ¶vc eSa ugha tk ldrhA rqe pydj ih vkvksA¸ ¶eSa ;gk¡ ls ugha tk ldrkA rqEgha tkdj ys vkvksA¸ èkh: ugha mBhA 'kjr~ us xqLlk gksdj dgk] ¶tkvks] eSa dg jgk gw¡ uA¸ èkh: vc Hkh pqi jghA rc 'kjr~ us mldh ihB ij ,d ?kw¡lk ekjkA dgk] ¶tk,xh fd ugha\¸ èkh: jks iM+hA ,dne mBrs gq, cksyh] ¶eSa vHkh tkdj rqEgkjh ek¡ ls lc oqQN dg nw¡xhA ;g Hkh dgw¡xh fd rqe gqDdk ih jgs gksA¸ ¶dg ns] tk ej!¸ ml fnu fiQj 'kjr~ dks ek¡ osQ gkFkksa ekj [kkuh iM+hA èkh: fiQj fiVh] ysfdu nksuksa dh fe=krk esa blls dksbZ varj ugha iM+kA og fujarj izxk<+ gh gksrh xbZA cgqr fnu ckn 'kS'ko dh bl lafxuh dks vkèkkj cukdj 'kjr~ us vius dbZ miU;klksa dh ukf;dkvksa dk l`tu fd;kA ^nsonkl* dh ikjks] ^cM+h nhnh* dh

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ekèkoh vkSj ^Jhdkar* dh jkty{eh] ;s lc èkh: gh dk rks fodflr vkSj fojkV :i gSA fo'ks"kdj nsonkl esa rks tSls mlus vius cpiu dks gh ewrZ :i fn;k gSA fnu ij fnu chrrs pys tkrs Fks] bu nksuksa ckyd&ckfydk osQ vkeksn dh lhek ugha FkhA fnu&Hkj èkwi esa ?kwers&fiQjrs] laè;k dks ?kj ykSVdj ekj [kkrsA jkr dks fu¯'pr&fu#}sx lks tkrsA nwljs fnu losjk gksrs gh fiQj Hkkx tkrs vkSj fiQj laè;k dks frjLdkj&izgkj lgu djrsA rhljs fnu] pkSFks fnu] ckj&ckj ;gh dgkuh nksgjkbZ tkrhA budk vkSj dksbZ laxh&lkFkh ugha Fkk vkSj u mldh dksbZ ”k:jr gh FkhA xk¡o Hkj esa minzo djrs fiQjus osQ fy, nksuksa gh ;Fks"V FksA chp&chp esa eNyh dk f'kdkj vkSj uko [ksdj fnu dkVus osQ lkFk&lkFk 'kjr~ ;k=kkny1 esa tkdj 'kkfxnhZ Hkh djrk FkkA vius eèkqj oaQB osQ dkj.k og muosQ fy, cgqr mi;ksxh FkkA ysfdu tc mlls Hkh mldk th Åc tkrk rks vaxksNk oaQèks ij j[kdj fudy iM+rkA ;g fudy iM+uk fo'odfo osQ dkO; dh fu#ís'; ;k=kk ugha FkhA ”kjk nwljs
bUghaa fnuksa xk¡o esa fl¼s'oj Hk^kpk;Z us ,d u;k ck¡Xyk LowQy [kksykA 'kk;n ogk¡ eu yxkdj i<+ losQ] bl [k;ky ls mls ogk¡ nkf[ky fd;k x;k] ysfdu mlosQ dk;ZØe esa dksbZ varj ugha iM+kA lky Hkj ;w¡ gh fudy x;kA rHkh vpkud eksrhyky dks ^Msgjh vku lksu* esa ,d ukSdjh fey xbZA firk osQ lkFk oqQN fnu og Hkh ogk¡ jgkA ysfdu og lkjk le; [ksyowQn esa gh chrkA ogk¡ ,d ugj Fkh] mlosQ fdukjs iDdh f[kjfu;k¡ cVksjrk ;k iaQnk Mkydj fxjfxV idM+rk ;k fiQj ?kkV ij tkdj cSB tkrk vkSj dYiukvksa osQ vky&tky esa Mwc tkrkA lHkh izdkj dh 'kjkjrksa osQ chp esa vareZq[kh gksus dk mldk LoHkko fujarj izxfr djrk tk jgk FkkA vius bl vYidkfyd Msgjh izokl dks og dHkh ugha Hkwy ldkA ^x`gnkg* esa mlus bl ux.; LFkku dks Hkh vej dj fn;kA nsokuaniqj ykSVus ij mls ,d vkSj 'kkSd yx x;kA 'kkSd rks igys Hkh Fkk ij vc og lud dh lhek rd tk igq¡pk FkkA ljLorh unh NksVh&lh mFkyh unh gSA ikV Hkh cgqr pkSM+k ugha gSA ikuh dej ls Åij ugha tkrkA vdlj mlesa flokj Hkjh jgrhA chp&chp esa tgk¡ [kqyk Fkk ogha NksVh&NksVh eNfy;k¡ [ksyk djrh FkhaA calh esa vkVs dh xksyh yxkdj og mls ikuh esa Mky nsrk vkSj cSBk jgrkA ,d fnu mlus ns[kk fd eksgYys dk u;u ckxnh nknh osQ ikl vk;k gS vkSj dg jgk gS] ¶ek¡th] eq rel="nofollow">s ik¡p #i;s nksA eSa rqEgkjs iksrs dks nwèk fiykdj vnk dj nw¡xkA ,d vPNh&lh xk; ykuk pkgrk gw¡ A clariqj esa esjk ,d fj'rs dk HkkbZ gSA mlus dgyk Hkstk gSA¸ nknh us mls ik¡p #i;s ns fn, vkSj og iz.kke djosQ pyk x;kA rHkh 'kjr~ osQ eu esa lglk ,d fopkj dkSaèk vk;kA lqu j[kk Fkk fd clariqj esa Nhi cukus osQ fy, vPNk ck¡l feyrk gSA cl og pqipki u;u ckxnh osQ ihNs&ihNs py iM+kA ,d ehy pyus osQ ckn u;u us mls ns[kkA og cgqr ukjk”k gqvk] ykyp Hkh fn;kA ysfdu 'kjr~ ij dksbZ vlj ugha gqvkA rc ”kcjnLrh idM+dj og

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mls nknh osQ ikl ys vk;kA cksyk] ¶jkLrk Bhd ugha gSA [krjk gSA vxj le; ls u ykSV ldk rks vki gh crkb, xÅ dks l¡Hkky¡wxk ;k bldksA¸ nknh [krjs dh ckr tkurh FkhA mlus 'kjr~ ls dgk] ¶rw ugha tk,xk vkSj vxj pksjh ls x;k rks eSa iafMr th ls dg nw¡xhA¸ u;u pyk x;kA 'kjr~ Hkh iks[kj esa ugkus dk cgkuk djosQ 'kjhj esa rsy eyrk gqvk] vaxksNk oaQèks ij Mkydj] ?kj ls fudy iM+kA unh osQ fdukjs&fdukjs ou&taxy vkSj vke&dVgy osQ ckxksa osQ Hkhrj gksdj nks&kM+&>a[kkM+ksa okyk og taxy vkSj Hkh ?kuk gks vk;kA blh taxy esa rks yqVsjs vkneh dks ekjdj xkM+ nsrs Fks vkSj iqfyl mèkj eq¡g Hkh ugha djrh FkhA xk¡o dk vkneh Hkh fjiksVZ djus ugha tkrk Fkk D;ksafd mUgsa f'k{kk feyh Fkh fd iqfyl osQ ikl tkuk vkI+kQr cqykuk gSA ck?k osQ lkeus iM+dj Hkh nSo&la;ksx ls dHkh izk.k cp ldrs gSa ysfdu iqfyl osQ iYys iM+dj ughaA ;gha igq¡pdj lglk mUgsa oqQN nwj ij ph[k lqukbZ nhA lkFk gh ykfB;ksa osQ cjlus dk 'kCn gqvkA mlosQ ckn lUukVk Nk x;kA u;u cksyk] ¶cspkjk [kRe gks x;kA vc gesa ”kjk gksf'k;kj gksdj pyuk pkfg,A¸ ckyd 'kjr~ Hk; ls dk¡ius yxkA lk¡l ysuk Hkh eqf'dy gks x;kA èkaqèk osQ ekjs oqQN fn[kkbZ Hkh ugha nsrk Fkk fd lglk fiQj fdlh osQ Hkkxus dh vkok”k

lqukbZ nhA u;u ph[k mBk] ¶[kcjnkj] dgs nsrk gw¡] ckeu dk yM+dk esjs lkFk gSA vxj ikcM+k1 ekjk rks rqeesa ls ,d dks Hkh thrk ugha NksM+™¡xkA¸ dgha ls dksbZ tokc ugha feykA oqQN vkxs c<+dj mu yksxksa us ml vkneh dks ns[kk ftldh ph[k lqukbZ nh FkhA cspkjk dksbZ fHk[kkjh FkkA ,drkjk ctkdj Hkh[k ek¡xrk FkkA u;u ls ugha jgk x;kA ozqQ¼ gksdj cksyk] ¶vjs ujd osQ dhM+ksa] rqeus csdkj gh ,d oS".ko fHk[kkjh osQ izk.k ys fy,A th pkgrk gS rqe yksxksa dks Hkh blh izdkj ekj Mkyw¡A¸ bl ckj isM+ dh vkM+ ls fdlh us tokc fn;k] ¶èkeZ&deZ dh ckrsa jgus nsA tku cpkuk pkgrk gS rks Hkkx tk!¸ ¶gjke”kknks] dk;jks] Hkkxw¡xk eSa] rqEgkjs Mj ls!¸ ;g dgdj mlus VsaV esa ls #i;s fudkys vkSj VuVukrs gq, cksyk] ¶ns[kks] esjs ikl #i;s gSaA fgEer gks rks ikl vkvks vkSj ys tkvksA eSa u;u ckxnh gw¡A¸ dksbZ mÙkj ugha vk;kA eksVh&lh xkyh nsdj og fiQj cksyk] ¶D;ksa js] vkvksxs ;k eSa ?kj tkm¡Q \¸ fiQj Hkh dksbZ tokc ugha vk;kA jkg esa nks&rhu ikcM+s iM+s gq, FksA u;u us mUgsa mBk fy;kA oqQN nwj og pyk Hkh] ysfdu fiQj cksyk] ¶uk Hkb;k] vk¡[kksa ls oS".ko dh gR;k ns[kdj gR;kjksa dks mldh l”kk fn, fcuk eq>ls tk;k ugha tk,xk!¸ ckyd 'kjr~ us iwNk] ¶D;k djksxs\¸ og cksyk] ¶D;k eSa ,d lkys dks Hkh u idM+ ikm¡Qxk\ rc ge nksuksa feydj ykBh ls ihV&ihVdj mls ekj Mkysaxs\¸ ihVdj ekjus osQ vkuan ls ckyd 'kjr~ cgqr izlUu gqvkA cksyk] ¶u;u nknk] rqe vPNh rjg mls idM+s jgukA eSa vosQys gh mls ihVdj ekj Mkyw¡xkA ysfdu dgha esjh Nhi VwV xbZ rks\¸ u;u us g¡ldj dgk] ¶Nhi dh ekj ls ugha ekjsxk Hkb;k] ;g lksVk yksA¸ vkSj ,d vPNk&lk ikcM+k mlus ckyd 'kjr~ dks ns fn;kA rc rd yqVsjksa us le> fy;k Fkk fd os yksx pys x, gSaA blfy, os fHk[kkjh dh ryk'kh yssus osQ 1- ck¡l dk cuk gqvk nks&rhu iQhV dk MaMk tks isaQddj nq'eu osQ ik¡o ij ekjk tkrk gSA

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fy, vk igq¡psA u;u isM+ dh vkM+ esa [kM+k gks x;kA muesa ls ,d us mls ns[k fy;k vkSj fpYykdj cksyk] ¶ogk¡ dkSu [kM+k gS\¸ mldh fpYykgV lqudj lc yksx Hkkx pys] ysfdu og idM+k x;kA u;u us mls ck¡èk fy;k vkSj ckyd osQ ikl ys vk;kA og cjkcj jks jgk FkkA eq¡g ij mlus dkfy[k iksr j[kh FkhA chp&chp esa pwus dh fVidh yxh gqbZ FkhA u;u us mls lM+d ij fyVk;k vkSj dldj nks&rhu ykrsa yxkb±A fiQj 'kjr~ ls dgk] ¶vc rkddj ikcM+k ekjksA¸ ckyd osQ gkFk&iSj dk¡i jgs FksA #vk¡lk gksdj mlus dgk] ¶eq>ls ;g dke u gks losQxkA¸ u;u us dgk] ¶rqels u gks losQxk] vPNk rks eSa gh bls [kre djrk gw¡A¸ 'kjr~ us fourh osQ Loj esa dgk] ¶uk u;u nknk] ekjks ughaA¸ rc rd og vkneh ftlus 'kk;n nks&rhu fnu ls vUu dh 'kDy Hkh ugha ns[kh Fkh lM+d ij ,sls ysVk jgk tSls ej x;k gksA u;u us >qd osQ mldh ukd ij gkFk j[kk vkSj dgk] ¶ugha] ejk ugha] csgks'k gks x;k gSA pyks Hkb;k ge Hkh ?kj pysAa ¸ (6) rhu o"kZ ukuk osQ ?kj Hkkxyiqj jgus osQ ckn vc mls fiQj nsokuaniqj ykSVuk iM+kA ckj&ckj LFkku ifjorZu osQ dkj.k i<+us&fy[kus esa cM+k O;k?kkr gksrk FkkA vkokjxh Hkh c<+rh Fkh] ysfdu vuqHko Hkh de ugha gksrs FksA Hkkxyiqj esa jgrs gq, ukuk izdkj dh 'kjkjrksa osQ ckotwn 'kjr~ us lnk vPNk yM+dk cuus dk iz;Ru fd;k FkkA i<+us esa Hkh og prqj FkkA xkaxqyh ifjokj osQ dBksj vuq'kklu osQ fo#¼ ckj&ckj mlosQ Hkhrj fonzksg tkxrk FkkA ijarq ;g dkeuk Hkh cM+h izcy Fkh fd eSa fdlh ls NksVk ugha cuw¡xkA blhfy, varr% mldh izflf¼ Hkys yM+dksa osQ :i esa gksrh FkhA bu lkjh 'kjkjrksa osQ chp ,dkar esa cSBdj vkRe¯pru djuk mls cjkcj fiz; jgkA ¯pru osQ bu {k.kksa esa vusd dFkkud mlosQ eu esa mHkjsA fy[kus dk iz;Ru Hkh mlus fd;kA og lqanj ugha FkkA vk¡[kksa dks NksM+dj mlesa dksbZ fo'ks"krk ugha Fkh] ysfdu vk¡[kksa dh ;g ped gh lkeus okys dks ck¡èk ysrh FkhA o.kZ ';kerk dh vksj Fkk vkSj nsg Fkh [kwc jksxh] ysfdu iSj fgju dh rjg nkSM+us esa e”kcwr FksA

fcYyh dh rjg isM+ksa ij p<+ tkrk FkkA cqf¼ Hkh rh{.k Fkh] ysfdu fn'kkghu dBksj vuq'kklu osQ dkj.k mldk iz;ksx iFkHkz"Vrk esa gh vfèkd gksrk FkkA nsokuaniqj ykSVdj ;g iFkHkz"Vrk vkSj Hkh c<+ xbZA vuq'kklu osQ uke ij ;gk¡ oqQN Fkk gh ughaA fdlh rjg gqxyh czkap LowQy dh pkSFkh Js.kh esa HkrhZ gks x;kA1 nks iDosQ dksl pydj LowQy tkuk iM+rk FkkA fuiV dPpk jkLrk] xjeh esa èkwy ls Hkjk] o"kkZ esa dhpM+ gh dhpM+A xjhch bruh Fkh] vklkuh ls I+kQhl dk tqxkM+ djuk eqf'dy FkkA vkHkw"k.k csp nsus vkSj edku fxjoh j[k nsus ij Hkh og vHkko ugha feV ldkA isV Hkh rks Hkjuk gksrk FkkA fiQj Hkh fdlh rjg og izFke Js.kh2 rd igq¡p x;k ijarq vc rd firk ij ½.k cgqr p<+ x;k FkkA os I+kQhl dk izcaèk u dj losQ vkSj I+kQhl osQ vHkko esa LowQy tkuk oSQls gks ldrk Fkk! 'kq:&'kq: esa og fdlh lkFkh osQ ?kj eq_h Hkj Hkkr [kkdj] LowQy osQ ekxZ esa] isM+ksa osQ rys] 'kjkjrh ckydksa dh laxfr esa fnu dkV nsrk FkkA fiQj èkhjs&èkhjs mu yM+dksa osQ ny dk ljnkj cu x;kA fo|k ihNs NwV xbZ vkSj gkFk esa vk xbZ nqèkkjh Nqjh] ftls ysdj og fnu&jkr ?kwek djrk FkkA mlosQ Hk; osQ dkj.k mlosQ ny osQ lnL;ksa dh la[;k cM+ h rs”kh ls c<+ jgh FkhA og nwljksa osQ ckxksa osQ iQy&iwQy pksjh djus yxk FkkA ysfdu og nksLrksa vkSj xjhcksa esa ck¡V nsrk FkkA nwljksa osQ rky esa eNyh idM+ us dh mldh tks iqjkuh vknr Fkh og vkSj Hkh c<+ xbZ FkhA FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa mlosQ vkl&ikl osQ yksx mlls rax vk x,A ysfdu mls idM+ dj naM nsus esa os lc vleFkZ FksA ,d rks blfy, fd og iQy vkSj eNyh dks NksM+dj fdlh vkSj oLrq dks ugha Nwrk Fkk] nwljs cgqr ls fuèkZu O;fDr mldh ywV ij iyrs FksA vkSj xk¡oksa esa fuèkZuksa dh gh la[;k vfèkd gksrh gSA bUgha esa ,d O;fDr Fkk cgqr fnuksa ls chekj] xjhch osQ dkj.k bykt dh Bhd&Bhd O;oLFkk dj ikuk mlosQ fy, laHko ugha FkkA vkf[kj mls blh ny dh 'kj.k ysuh iM+hA rqjar ;s yksx cgqr&lh eNfy;k¡ idM+ yk, vkSj mUgsa cspdj mlosQ bykt dk izcaèk dj fn;kA misf{kr&vukfJr jksfx;ksa dh 1- lu~ 1889 ;k 1890] orZeku 7 oha Js.khA 2- orZeku 10 oha Js.khA

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os Lo;a Hkh ;Fkk'kfDr lsok djrs FksA vusd v¡èksjh jkrksa esa ykyVsu vkSj yach ykBh ysdj ehyksa nwj] os 'kgj ls nok ys vk, gSa] MkWDVj dks cqyk yk, gSaA blfy, tgk¡ oqQN yksx muls ijs'kku Fks] ogk¡ vfèkdka'k yksx mUgsa eu gh eu I;kj Hkh djrs FksA 'kjr~ pksj ugha FkkA ?kj esa csgn oaQxkyh Fkh] ij mlus dHkh viuh ¯prk ugha dhA og okLro esa jkWfcugqM osQ leku nqLlkglh vkSj ijksidkjh FkkA v¼Zjkf=k osQ fufoM+ vaèkdkj esa tc euq"; rks D;k] oqQÙks Hkh ckgj fudyus esa Mjrs Fks] og pqipki iwoZ fufnZ"V ckx esa ;k rky ij igqp ¡ dj viuk dke dj ykrk FkkA bl 'kqHk dk;Z esa mlosQ dbZ lgpj Fks] ijarq muesa lcls ize[q k Fkk lnkuanA budk vak rky osQ fdukjs okys ckx osQ ikl m¡Qps Vhys dh vkM+ esa ,d xgjk [ka FkkA lc yqVh gqbZ lkexzh os ;gha j[krs FksA rackowQ ihus dk ljatke Hkh ;gha FkkA bl ny osQ mRikr tc cgqr c<+ x, rc lnkuan osQ vfHkHkkodksa us mls vkKk nh fd og 'kjr~ ls dHkh u feys] ysfdu feyu D;k dHkh fu"ksèk dh ¯prk djrk gS\ mUgksaus ,d ,slk mik; [kkst fudkyk fd lk¡i ejs u ykBh VwVsA lnkuan osQ ?kj dh Nr ls yxk ,d m¡Qpk isM+ FkkA mlh ij p<+dj 'kjr~ Nr ij igq¡p tkrk vkSj nksuksa [kwc 'krjat [ksyrsA mlosQ ckn jkf=k vfHk;ku ij fudy iM+rsA lc dke lekIr djus osQ ckn nksuksa fe=k Hkys yM+dksa dh rjg vius&vius ?kj tkdj lks tkrs FksA tc dHkh Hkh mlosQ fny esa fdlh dke dks djus dh bPNk izcy gks mBrh Fkh rks ml le; mldh 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld nksuksa 'kfDr;ksa dk LiqQq j.k Hkh vk'p;Ztud gks mBrk FkkA chp&chp esa eNqvksa dh uko ysdj dHkh vosQys] dHkh fe=kksa osQ lkFk Ñ".kiqj xk¡o esa j?kqukFknkl xksLokeh osQ v[kkM+s esa ig¡qp tkuk og ugha Hkwyk FkkA ;gha dgha mldk fe=k xkSgj jgrk FkkA ^Jhdkar* prqFkZ ioZ dk og vkèkk ikxy dfo dhrZu Hkh djrk FkkA ekywe ugha ogk¡ fdlh oS".koh dk uke deyyrk Fkk ;k ugha] ij ;g lp gS fd fd'kksj thou osQ ;s fp=k mlosQ ân; ij lnk&lnk osQ fy, vafdr gks x, vkSj vkxs pydj lkfgR;&l`tu dk vkèkkj cusA u tkus fdrus ,sls fp=k mlus viuh iqLrdksa esa [khaps gSaA

^Jhdkar* prqFkZ ioZ esa dFkkf'kYih 'kjr~panz p^ksikè;k; us fy[kk gS] ¶lhèkk jkLrk NksM+dj ou&taxyksa esa ls bl&ml jkLrs dk pDdj yxkrk gqvk LVs'ku tk jgk Fkk---cgqr oqQN mlh rjg ftl rjg cpiu esa ikB'kkyk dks tk;k djrk FkkA pyrs&pyrs ,dk,d ,slk yxk fd lc jkLrs tSls igpkus gq, gSa] ekuks fdrus fnuksa rd fdruh ckj bu jkLrksa ls vk;k&x;k gw¡A igys os cM+s Fks] vc u tkus D;ksa ladh.kZ vkSj NksVs gks x, gSaA vjs ;g D;k] ;g rks [kk¡ yksxksa dk gR;kjk ckx gSA vjs] ;gh rks gS! vkSj ;g rks eSa vius gh xk¡o osQ nf{k.k osQ eqgYys osQ fdukjs ls tk jgk gw¡! mlus u tkus dc 'kwy dh O;Fkk osQ ekjs bl beyh osQ isM+ dh Åij dh Mky esa jLlh ck¡èkdj vkRegR;k dj yh FkhA dh Fkh ;k ugha] ugha tkurk] ij izk;% vkSj lc xk¡oksa dh rjg ;gk¡ Hkh ;g tuJqfr gSA isM+ jkLrs osQ fdukjs gS] cpiu esa bl ij u”kj iM+rs gh 'kjhj esa dk¡Vs mB vkrs Fks] vk¡[ksa can djosQ ,d gh nkSM+ esa bl LFkku dks ikj dj tkuk iM+rk FkkA isM+ oSlk gh gSA ml oDr ,slk yxrk Fkk fd bl gR;kjs isM+ dk èkM+ ekuks igkM+ dh rjg gS vkSj ekFkk vkdk'k ls tkdj Vdjk jgk gSA ijarq vkt ns[kk fd ml cspkjs esa xoZ djus yk;d oqQN ugha gS] vkSj tSls vU; beyh osQ isM+ gksrs gSa oSlk gh gSA tughu xzke osQ ,d vksj ,dkdh fu%'kCn [kM+k gSA 'kS'ko esa ftlus + Mjk;k gS] vkt cgqr o"kks± ckn osQ izFke lk{kkr~ esa mlh us ekuks caèkq dh dkIkQh rjg vk¡[k fepdkdj e”kkd fd;k] ^dgks esjs caèkq] oSQls gks] Mj rks ugha yxrk\* eSaus ikl tkdj ije Lusg osQ lkFk mlosQ 'kjhj ij gkFk isQjkA eu gh eu dgk] ^vPNk gh gw¡ HkkbZA Mj D;ksa yxsxk] rqe rks esjs cpiu osQ iM+kslh gks--esjs vkReh;A* laè;k dk izdk'k cq>rk tk jgk FkkA eSaus fonk ysrs gq, dgk] ^HkkX; vPNk Fkk tks vpkud eqykdkr gks xbZ] vc tkrk gw¡ caèkq!* ** ;g bUgha fnuksa dk fp=k rks gSA osQoy ^eaq'kh yksxksa dk gR;kjk ckx* ^[kk¡] yksxksa dk gR;kjk ckx* gks x;k gSA ;s iafDr;k¡ fy[krs le; mldk viuk cpiu tSls vk¡[kksa esa th mBk FkkA

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xYi x<+dj lqukus dh mldh tUetkr izfrHkk Hkh bl le; [kwc iYyfor gks jgh FkhA ianzg o"kZ dh vk;q esa gh og bl dyk esa ikjaxr gks pqdk FkkA vkSj mldh [;kfr xk¡o Hkj esa iSQy pqdh FkhA blh dkj.k 'kk;n LFkkuh; ”kehankj o xksikynÙk eqa'kh mlls cgqr Lusg djrs FksA budk iq=k vrqypanz rc dydÙkk esa ,e-,- esa i<+rk FkkA og Hkh 'kjr~ dh xYi x<+us dh dyk ls cgqr izlUu Fkk vkSj mls NksVs HkkbZ dh rjg I;kj djrk FkkA dHkh&dHkh og mls fFk,Vj fn[kkus osQ fy, dydÙkk ys tkrk vkSj dgrk] ¶rqe ,slh dgkfu;k¡ fy[kk djks] rc eSa rqEgsa fFk,Vj fn[kkus ys tkm¡QxkA¸ fn[kkus osQ ckn dgrk] ¶vPNk] rqe bldh dgkuh fy[k ldrs gks\¸ 'kjr~ ,slh cf<+;k dgkuh fy[krk fd vrqy pfdr jg tkrkA blh rjg fy[krs&fy[krs ,d fnu mlus ekSfyd dgkuh fy[kuh 'kq: dj nhA og dkSu lk fnu Fkk] fdl le; vkSj dgk¡ cSBdj mlus fy[kuk 'kq: fd;k] dksbZ ugha tkurk] ij ml dgkuh dk uke Fkk ^dk'khukFk*A dk'khukFk mldk xq#HkkbZ Fkk] mlh dks uk;d cukdj mlus ;g dgkuh 'kq: dh FkhA ysfdu og uke dk gh uk;d gSA 'kk;n dk'khukFk dk :i&jax Hkh oSlk jgk gksxk] ij ?kj t¡okbZ oSQlk gksrk gS ;g mlus firk dks lqljky esa jgrs ns[kdj tkuk FkkA 'ks"k dFkkud dk vkèkkj Hkh dksbZ ns[kh ;k i<+h gqbZ ?kVuk gks ldrh gSA ml le; og NksVh&lh dgkuh FkhA ckn esa Hkkxyiqj esa mlus mls fiQj ls fy[kkA ^dkdcklk* vkSj ^dksjsy xzke* nks vkSj dgkfu;k¡ blh le;1 mlosQ efLr"d esa mHkjh FkhaA oqQN vkSj dgkfu;k¡ Hkh mlus fy[kh gksaxh] ij ;gh oqQN uke dky dh ozwQj n`f"V ls cps jg losQA lw{e i;Zos{k.k dh izo`fÙk mlesa cpiu ls gh FkhA tks oqQN Hkh ns[krk mldh xgjkbZ esa tkus dk iz;Ru djrkA vkSj ;gh vfHkKrk mldh izsj.kk cu tkrhA xk¡o esa ,d czkã.k dh csVh Fkh] cky foèkok] uke Fkk mldk uh:A cÙkhl lky dh mej rd dksbZ dyad mlosQ pfj=k dks Nw Hkh ugha ik;k FkkA lq'khyk] ijksidkfj.kh] èkeZ'khyk vkSj deZB gksus osQ ukrs og izfl¼ FkhA jksx esa 1- lu~ 1893 bZ-

lsok] nq[k esa lkaRouk] vHkko esa lgk;rk] vko';drk iM+us ij egjh dk dke Hkh djus esa og ladksp ugha djrh FkhA xk¡o esa ,d Hkh ?kj ,slk ugha Fkk ftlus mlls fdlh u fdlh :i esa lgk;rk u ikbZ gksA 'kjr~ mls ^nhnh* dgdj iqdkjrk FkkA nhnh Hkh mls cgqr I;kj djrh FkhA nksuksa ,d gh ij nq[k&dkrj tkfr osQ O;fDr Fks uA blh nhnh dk 32 o"kZ dh mej esa vpkud ,d ckj inL[kyu gqvkA xk¡o osQ LVs'ku dk ijnslh ekLVj mlosQ thou dks dyafdr djosQ u tkus dgk¡ Hkkx [kM+k gqvkA ml le; xk¡o okys mlosQ lkjs midkj] lsok&Vgy] lc oqQN Hkwy x,A mu ân;ghu yksxksa us mldk cfg"dkj dj fn;kA mlls cksyuk&pkyuk rd can dj fn;kA cspkjh ,dne vlgk; gks mBhA LokLF; fnu ij fnu fxjus yxk] ;gk¡ rd fd og ej.kklUu gks xbZA bl gkyr esa Hkh dksbZ mlosQ eq¡g esa ,d cw¡n ikuh Mkyus osQ fy, ugha vk;kA fdlh us mlosQ njok”ks ij tkdj >k¡dk rd ugha] tSls og dHkh Fkh gh ughaA 'kjr~ dks Hkh ;g vkKk Fkh fd og ogk¡ ugha tk,] ysfdu mlus D;k dHkh dksbZ vkKk ekuh FkhA jkr osQ le; fNidj og mls ns[kus tkrkA mlosQ gkFk&iSj lgyk fn;k djrkA dgha ls ,d&nks iQy ykdj f[kyk vk;k djrkA vius xk¡o osQ yksxksa osQ gkFkksa bl izdkj iS'kkfpd naM ikdj Hkh uh: nhnh us dHkh fdlh osQ f[kykI+kQ dksbZ f'kdok&f'kdk;r ugha dhA mldh viuh yTtk dk dksbZ ikj ugha FkkA og vius dks vijkèkh ekurh Fkh vkSj ml naM dks mlus blhfy, g¡ lrs&g¡ lrs Lohdkj fd;k FkkA mldh n`f"V esa ogh U;k; FkkA 'kjr~ dk ¯prkrqj eu bl ckr dks le> x;k Fkk fd vius vijkèk dk naM mlus Lo;a gh vius dks fn;k FkkA xk¡o osQ yksx rks miy{; ek=k FksA mlus bUgsa ekI+kQ dj fn;k Fkk] ysfdu vius dks ugha fd;k FkkA tc og ejh rks fdlh Hkh O;fDr us mldh yk'k dks ugha NqvkA Mkse mls mBkdj taxy esa isaQd vk,A fl;kj&oqQÙkksa us mls uksp&ukspdj [kk fy;kA vkSj ;gha ij mlus ^foyklh* dgkuh osQ dk;LFk e`R;qat; dks l¡isjk curs ns[kk FkkA og mlosQ gh LowQy esa i<+rk Fkk] ij rhljh d{kk ls vkxs ugha

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c<+ ldkA ,d pkpk osQ vfrfjDr mldk vkSj dksbZ ugha FkkA ysfdu og pkpk gh mldk ije 'k=kq FkkA mlosQ cM+s ckx ij mldh n`f"V FkhA pkgrk Fkk ejs rks iki dVs] blhfy, jksxh gks tkus ij mlus e`R;qat; dh ”kjk Hkh [kkst&[kcj ugha yhA rM+i&rM+idj ej tkrk cspkjk] ;fn ,d cw<+k vks>k vkSj mldh yM+dh lsok djosQ mls cpk u ysrsA bl yM+dh dk uke Fkk foyklhA bl lsok&Vgy osQ chp og mlosQ cgqr ikl vk xbZA bruh fd mlus mls viuh iRuh osQ :i esa Lohdkj dj fy;kA ij lekt osQ BsosQnkj ;g lc oSQls lg ldrs FksA mUgksaus e`R;qat; dks lekt ls ckgj fudky fn;kA ysfdu e`R;qat; us bldh ¯prk ugha dhA mls viekfur fd;k x;k] ihVk x;k] ijarq u rks mlus izk;f'pr gh fd;k] u foyklh dks ?kj ls fudkykA mls ysdj og nwj taxy esa tkdj jgus yxkA ogha jgdj og lka¡i idM+rk vkSj thfodk pykrkA flj ij xs#, jax dh ixM+h] cM+s&cM+s cky] ew¡N&nk<+h] xys esa #nzk{k vkSj dk¡p dh ekyk,¡A mls ns[kdj dkSu dg ldrk Fkk fd og dk;LFk oqQy dk e`R;aqt; gSA 'kjr~ fNi&fNidj mlosQ ikl tkrkA mlus lk¡i idM+uk] ”kgj mrkjus dk ea=k] lHkh oqQN mlls lh[kkA ,d fnu ,d ”kgjhyk ukx idM+rs gq, e`R;qat; pwd x;kA ukx us mls Ml fy;kA mldks cpkus osQ lkjs iz;Ru csdkj gks x,A lkr fnu ekSu jgus osQ ckn foyklh us vkRegR;k dj yhA o"kks± ckn dFkkf'kYih 'kjr~panz us fy[kk] ¶foyklh dk ftu yksxksa us e”kkd mM+k;k Fkk] eSa tkurk gw¡] os lHkh lkèkq] x`gLFk vkSj lkèoh x`gf.k;k¡ FkhaA v{k; LoxZ vkSj lrh yksd mUgsa feysxk] ;g Hkh eSa tkurk gw¡A ij og l¡isjs dh yM+dh tc ,d ihfM+r vkSj 'kS;kxr jksxh dks fry&fry dj thr jgh Fkh] mlosQ ml le; osQ xkSjo dk ,d d.k Hkh 'kk;n vkt rd muesa ls fdlh us vk¡[kksa ls ugha ns[kkA e`R;qat; gks ldrk gS fd ,d cgqr rqPN vkneh gks ¯drq mlosQ ân; dks thr dj ml ij dC”kk djus dk vkuan rqPN ugha FkkA mldh og laink rks ekewyh ugha FkhA ---'kkL=kksa osQ vuqlkj og fu'p; gh ujd xbZ gS] ijarq og dgha Hkh tk, tc esjk viuk tkus dk le; vk,xk rc bruk rks eSa dg

ldrk gw¡ fd oSls gh fdlh ,d ujd esa tkus osQ izLrko ls eSa ihNs ugha gVw¡xkA¸ 1 bu n`';ksa dk dksbZ var ugha FkkA bUgha dks ns[kdj mlus lkspk fd euq"; esa tks nsork gS mldk bruk frjLdkj euq"; vius gh gkFkksa ls oSQls djrk gS\ bUgha iz'uksa us mldh i;Zos{k.k 'kfDr dks rhozrk nh] vkSj fn;k laosnu! blh laosnu us mls dgkuhdkj cuk fn;kA dgkuh fy[kus dh isjz .kk mls ,d vkSj ekxZ ls feyhA pksjh&pksjh mlus vius firk dh VwVh gqbZ vyekjh [kksydj ^gfjnkl dh xqIr ckrsa* vkSj ^Hkokuh ikB* tSlh iqLrosaQ dHkh dh i<+ Mkyh FkhaA ;s LowQy dh ikB~ ;iqLrosaQ ugha FkhaA cqjs yM+dksa osQ ;ksX;] vikB~ ; iqLrosaQ Fkha] ;gh mldks crk;k x;k FkkA blhfy, mls pksjh dk vkJ; ysuk iM+kA og osQoy Lo;a gh mldks ugha i<+rk Fkk] vius lkfFk;ksa dks i<+dj lqukrk Hkh FkkA fiQj eu gh eu u, dFkkud x<+rk FkkA blh VwVh gqbZ vyekjh esa ls mlus vius firk dh fy[kh gqbZ vèkwjh dgkfu;k¡ Hkh [kkst fudkyhaA og mRlqd gksdj i<+uk 'kq: djrk ijarq var rd igq¡pus dk dksbZ ekxZ gh firk us ugha NksM+k FkkA ijs'kku gksdj og mBrk] ¶ckck] bls iwjk D;ksa ugha djrs\ djrs rks oSQlk gksrk\¸ rc eu gh eu mlus var dh dYiuk dh vkSj lkspkμ^dk'k] eSa bl dgkuh dks fy[k ikrkA* firk dk ;g vèkwjkiu Hkh mldh izsjd 'kfDr cu x;kA vfHkKrk izkIr djus osQ ekxks± dh mlosQ fy, dksbZ deh ugha FkhA ?kj dk ?kksj nkfjnzÔ ckj&ckj mls Hkkx tkus osQ fy, izsfjr djrk jgrkA ;k=kk ny osQ vfrfjDr dHkh&dHkh og ;w¡ gh ?kj ls fudy iM+rkA ,d fnu lqifz l¼ lkWyhlhVj x.ks'kpanz dgha ls dydÙkk ykSV jgs FksA ns[kk] muosQ fMCcs esa ,d rsjg&pkSng o"kZZ dk yM+dk p<+ vk;k gSA igukos ls vR;ar nfjnz ?kj dk ekywe gksrk gSA cM+s Lusg ls mUgksaus mls vius ikl cqyk;kA ckrsa djus yxsA irk yxk fd og yM+dk muosQ ,d fe=k dk ukrh gSA ozQkafrdkjh fcfiufcgkjh xkaxqyh osQ 1- 'kjr~ lkfgR;] Hkkx&5] i`"B 121 (foyklh xYi)

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firk v{k;ukFk gh muosQ fe=k FksA og fj'rs esa 'kjr~ osQ ukuk yxrs FksA dydÙkk igq¡pdj x.ks'kpanz us 'kjr~ dks v{k;ukFk osQ ?kj Hkst fn;kA nsokuaniqj esa jgrs gq, ,d ckj fiQj og yach ;k=kk ij fudy iM+kA bl ckj mldk xarO; LFkku Fkk iqjhA ;g tkuk vuk;kl vkSj vdkj.k gh ugha FkkA ,d ifjokj ls mu yksxksa dk ?kfu"B ifjp; FkkA mldh Lokfeuh 'kjr~ ls vk;q esa cgqr cM+h Fkh vkSj mls cgqr Lusg djrh FkhA vpkud og chekj gqbAZ ifr dgha nwj dke djrs FksA fd'kksj 'kjr~] tSlk fd mldk LoHkko Fkk] eu&izk.k ls mudh lsok esa tqV x;kA rHkh ,d ,slh ?kVuk ?kVh fd og mls xyr le> cSBkA mls bruh Xykfu gqbZ fd ?kj ls fudy iM+kA pyrs&pyrs mldk 'kjhj Fkd x;kA u dgha [kkus dh O;oLFkk] u Bgjus dh lq[k&lqfoèkk] ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd rhoz Toj us mls tdM+ fy;k vkSj mls ,d isM+ osQ uhps vkJ; ysus dks foo'k gksuk iM+kA mlh le; ,d foèkok mèkj ls fudyhA 'kk;n mlus ikuh ek¡xk Fkk ;k og djkgk FkkA og rqjar mlosQ ikl xbZA Nwus ij mldk gkFk tSls rirs ros ij iM+k gksA d#.kk&nzfor og cksy mBh] ¶gk; jke] rq>s rks rs”k Toj gSA¸ og mls vius ?kj ys xbZA dbZ fnu dh mldh eerkiw.kZ lsok&lqJw"kk osQ ckn gh mls Toj ls eqfDr fey ldh] ijarq rHkh ,d vkSj Toj esa og i¡Ql x;kA ml foèkok dk ,d nsoj Fkk vkSj ,d Fkk cguksbZA nsoj pkgrk Fkk] og mldh gksdj jgsA cguksbZ ekurk Fkk fd ml ij mldk vfèkdkj gSA ysfdu og fdlh osQ ikl ugha jguk pkgrh FkhA ,d fnu nq[kh gksdj mlus 'kjr~ ls dgk] ¶rqe vc Bhd gks x, gks] pyks eSa Hkh rqEgkjs lkFk pyrh gw¡A¸ vkSj dgha tkus dks og pqipki mlosQ lkFk fudy iM+hA bl fudy iM+us osQ ihNs ek=k eqfDr dh pkg Fkh] ysfdu og vHkh oqQN gh nwj tk ik, Fks fd ml foèkok osQ nksuksa izseh ogk¡ vk igq¡psA mUgkasus fdlh ls oqQN ugha iwNk] th Hkjdj 'kjr~ dks ihVk vkSj ph[krh&fpYykrh foèkok dks okil ys x,A fiQj mldk D;k gqvk] 'kjr~ dHkh ugha tku ldkA ysfdu og le> x;k fd ,d&nwljs osQ fojksèkh gksrs gq, Hkh yqPps&yiaQxksa esa ,dk gksrk gS vkSj Hkys

yksx vfèkd gksrs gq, Hkh ,d&nwljs ls fNVosQ&fNVosQ jgrs gSaA dFkkf'kYih 'kjr~panz osQ izfl¼ miU;kl ^pfj=kghu* dk vkèkkj ;s gh ?kVuk,¡ cuha vkSj blh le; mldh :ijs[kk mlosQ efLr"d esa mHkjhA og iqjh osQ ekxZ ij vkxs c<+ x;kA fiQj xk¡o&xk¡o esa vkfrF; ykHk dj tc og ?kj ykSVk rks mldk psgjk bruk foÑr gks x;k Fkk fd igpkuk rd u tkrk FkkA lquk x;k fd izfl¼ xf.krK ih-clq osQ ?kj mlus vkJ; fy;k FkkA ,dkèk ckj pksj&MkoqQvksa osQ ny esa Hkh iM+ tkus dh ckr lquh tkrh gSA vly esa og bruk nqLlkglh Fkk fd mlosQ ckjs esa ukuk izdkj dh dFkk,¡ py fudyh FkhaA mldk LoHkko Fkk fd vius eu dh ckr dHkh fdlh ls ugha dgrk FkkA ijarq vfHku; djuk mls [kwc vkrk FkkA >wB dks lp cukdj pykus dh dyk esa og fu".kkr FkkA bl lc vfHkKrk osQ ihNs ifjokj dh fLFkfr Fkh tks lpeqp cgqr [kjkc gks pqdh FkhA nknh dk nsgkar gks pqdk FkkA os Fkha rks fdlh rjg ifjokj osQ eku dh j{kk djrh vk jgh FkhaA ij vc lcosQ lkeus ,d cgqr cM+k 'kwU; FkkA d”kZ feyus dh ,d lhek gksrh gSA fu'p; gh ^'kqHknk* dh Ñ".kk cqvk dh rjg fdlh us dgk gksxk] ¶vius cki ls oqQN mik; djus dks] oqQN dekus dks dgksA ugha rks eSa nq[kh xjhc] #i;k&iSlk oqQN u ns low¡QxhA¸ bl izdkj nfjnzrk vkSj vieku dks lgu djus dh mldh ek¡ dh 'kfDr lhek dk vfrozQe.k dj xbZ FkhA ij tk, rks og dgk¡ tk,\ mlosQ ekrk&firk1 dHkh osQ LoxZoklh gks pqosQ FksA ifjokj fNUu&fHkUu gks x;k FkkA Hkkb;ksa dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr ”kjk Hkh mRlkgtud ugha FkhA fiQj Hkh tc mlosQ fy, nsokuaniqj esa jguk vlaHko gks x;k rks Mjrs&Mjrs mlus vius NksVs dkdk v?kksjukFk dks fp_h fy[kokbZA v?kksjukFk us mÙkj fn;k] ¶pyh vkvks!¸ 'kjr~ fiQj nsokuaniqj ugha ykSVkA ;gk¡ mldk lkjk thou ?kksj nkfjnzÔ vkSj vHkko esa gh chrkA ek¡ vkSj nknh osQ jDr vkSj vk¡lqvksa ls bl xk¡o osQ iFk&?kkV 1- ekrk % 1891 bZ-] firk % 1 tuojh 1892 bZ-A

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Hkhxs gq, gSaA nfjnzrk osQ tks Hk;kud fp=k dFkkf'kYih 'kjr~ us ^'kqHknk* esa [khaps gSa muosQ ihNs fu'p; gh mldh ;g vfHkKrk jgh gSA blh ;kruk dh uhao esa mldh lkfgR;&lkèkuk dk chtkjksi.k gqvkA ;gha mlus la?k"kZ vkSj dYiuk ls izFke ifjp; ik;kA bl xk¡o osQ ½.k ls og dHkh eqDr ugha gks ldkA

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iz'u&vH;kl 1- ¶ml le; og lksp Hkh ugha ldrk Fkk fd euq"; dks nq[k ig¡qpkus osQ vykok Hkh lkfgR; dk dksbZ mís'; gks ldrk gSA¸ ys[kd us ,slk D;ksa dgk\ vkiosQ fopkj ls lkfgR; osQ dkSu&dkSu ls mís'; gks ldrs gSa\ 2- ikB osQ vkèkkj ij crkb, fd ml le; osQ vkSj orZeku le; osQ i<+u&s i<+kus osQ rkSj&rjhdksa esa D;k varj vkSj lekurk,¡ gS\a vki i<+u&s i<+kus osQ dkSu ls rkSj&rjhdksa osQ i{k esa gSa vkSj D;ksa\ 3- ikB esa vusd va'k cky lqyHk papyrkvksa] 'kjkjrksa dks cgqr jkspd
'kCnkFkZ vkSj fVIi.kh uoklk & fuLrCèkrk & ;k;koj izÑfr & ÑrkFkZ & vifjxzgh & LoYikgkjh & vkPNUu & fLuXèkgfjr izdk'k & vk¡[ksa tqM+kus yxha & iqyd & fonh.kZ & euLrRo & ikfjrksf"kd & 'kk}y & vifjlhe & vktkuckgq & izR;qRiUuefr & grizHk foew<+ & vkReksRlxZ & ljatke & ewM+h & fu#}sx & f[kjfu;k¡ & defp;k¡ & fufoM+ & LiqQj.k & xYi & èkeZ'khyk & inL[kyu & vikB~ ; iqLrosaQ & vfHkKrk &

csVh dk csVk] ukrh [kkeks'kh ?kqeDdM+h LoHkko ijksidkj] iq#"kkFkZ] larq"V vuqHko djuk fdlh ls oqQN xzg.k u djus okyk de ek=kk esa Hkkstu djus okyk f?kjk gqvk ,slk gjk izdk'k ftlesa ped vkSj 'khryrk gks vk¡[kksa esa r`fIr dk Hkko izlUurk Hksnuk fo|k lacèa kh iqjLdkj u;h gjh ?kkl ls ;qDr ftldh dksbZ lhek u gks ftldh ?kqVuksa rd ckgsa gksa izfrHkk'kkyh] ftls mfpr mÙkj rRdky lw rel="nofollow"> tk, gSjku] oqQN le> esa u vkuk vkRecfynku rS;kjh] izcaèk (gksuk] djuk)] dke dk urhtk eqjeqjs] pkoy dk Hkquk :i 'kkar] m}ssxjfgr ihyk iQy] ,d iQyo`{k ck¡l vkfn dh iryh Vguh ?kuk] ?kksj dk¡iuk] fgyuk] iQM+duk dFkk] dgkuh og L=kh tks èkeZ osQ vuqlkj vkpj.k djs vius ekxZ ls HkVduk] iru gksuk u i<+h tkus ;ksX; iqLrosaQ tkuuk

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eksgu jkosQ'k (lu~ 1925&1972)

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tUe taMhokyh xyh] ve`rlj (iatkc) esaA ¯gnh vkSj laLÑr esa ,e-,A ykgkSj] eqacbZ] fnYyh] f'keyk] tkyaèkj vkfn esa fofoèk ukSdfj;k¡ dha] ij fe”kkt Lora=k ys[ku dk gh jgkA vè;kiu Hkh fd;k vkSj laiknu HkhA ^lkfjdk* osQ laiknd Hkh jgsA eksgu jkosQ'k u;h dgkuh osQ egÙoiw.kZ gLrk{kj ekus tkrs gSa] ¯drq ukV~; ys[ku osQ {ks=k esa mudk fof'k"V LFkku gSA ukVd osQ {ks=k esa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku osQ fy, ^vk"kk<+ dk ,d fnu* ukVd ij laxhr ukVd vdkneh us lu~ 1959 esa mUgsa iqjLo`Qr Hkh fd;kA lu~ 1971 esa ukV~; ys[ku osQ fy, lkfgR; vdkneh ls lEekfur gq,A balku osQ [kaMgj] u, ckny] tkuoj vkSj tkuoj] ,d vkSj ¯”knxh (dgkuh&laxzg)_ v¡èksjs can dejs (miU;kl)_ vk"kk<+ dk ,d fnu] ygjksa osQ jktgal] vkèks vèkwjs] iSj rys dh ”kehu (ukVd)_ vaMs osQ fNyosQ rFkk vU; ,dkadh] jkr chrus rd (,dkadh&laxzg)_ vkf[kjh p^ku rd (;k=kko`Ùk) cdye [kqn] ifjos'k (fucaèk)_ fcuk gkM+&ekal osQ vkneh (ckyksi;ksxh dFkk&laxgz ) budh ize[q k o`Qfr;k¡ gSaA

eoQcwy fI+kQnk gqlSu (lu~ 1915) vk/qfud Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk osQ izeq[k LraHkA tUe 'kksykiqj (egkjk"Vª) esaA flusek gksfM±x osQ isaVj osQ :i esa dke 'kq: fd;k vkSj vkt [kqn dbZ fI+kQYeksa osQ fuekZ.k ls tqM+s gq, gSaA ges'kk ppkZ vkSj fooknksa esa cus jgus okys gqlSu us yfyr dyk vdkneh dh izFke jk"Vªh; izn'kZuh esa izFke iqjLdkj ik;kA mUgsa

lu~ 1966 esa in~eJh x;kA lu~ 1967 esa Fkzw c£yu esa iqjLÑr gqvkA gqlSu us ;qok dykdkjksa fd;kA

ls vkSj lu~ 1973 esa in~eHkw"k.k ls vyaÑr fd;k n vkb”k vkWI+kQ , isaVj uked o`Ùkfp=k cuk;k tksfd p£pr fp=kdkj gqlSu us dbZ Üka`[kykvksa esa fp=k cuk,A osQ fy, dyk dk ,d u;k vkSj fo'kky ck”kkj [kM+k

va rjky

fo".kq izHkkdj (tUe lu~ 1912) izseca/q vkSj fo".kq uke ls ys[ku dh 'kq#vkr dhA ckn esa izHkkdj Hkh tqM+ x;kA budk tUe mÙkj izns'k osQ eq”kÝ+I+kQjuxj f”kys osQ ,d xk¡o esa gqvk ysfdu ckY;dky gfj;k.kk esa xq”kjkA ogha i<+kbZ gqbZ mlosQ ckn ukVd oaQiuh esa vfHku; ls ysdj ea=kh rd dk dke fd;kA ekSfyd ys[ku osQ vfrfjDr fo".kq izHkkdj 60 ls vf/d iqLrdksa dk laiknu Hkh dj pqosQ gSaA dgkuh] miU;kl] thouh] fjiksrkZt] ukVd vkfn foèkkvksa esa jpuk dhA vkokjk elhgk ('kjr~panz dh thouh)_ izdk'k vkSj ijNkb;k¡] ckjg ,dkadh] v'kksd (,dkadh&laxzg)_ uo izHkkr] MkWDVj (ukVd)_
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