Narrative Structure Map
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The hero’s journey Vogler’s narrative theory outlines the twelve steps of a hero’s journey and can be a useful way of looking at film narratives. The outline of Star Wars has been broken down into the twelve steps as an example. Use the third column either to a) arrange the plot of Four Weddings (page 3) or b) a film of your own choice. Star Wars 1. Ordinary World The hero is in their normal world but feels incomplete or unsatisfied.
Restless teenager Luke Skywalker is bored with life on the remote farm where he lives with his uncle and aunt. His parents are presumed dead and he feels unfulfilled.
2. Call to adventure The catalyst that pushes the hero out of his ordinary world.
Luke accidentally finds the beautiful Princess Leia’s desperate plea for help, addressed to Obi-Wan-Kenobi and stored in the droid R2D2.
3. Refusal of the call The hero resists the call, adding tension and conflict.
Luke seeks out Obi-Wan but doesn’t dare take up the challenge saying that his uncle and aunt need him.
4. Meeting the mentor The mentor encourages the hero and provides guidance and support.
Luke finally puts himself in the hands of Obi-Wan and begins to learn the ways of the force.
5. Crossing the first threshold The first moment of departure from the ordinary world, a step filled with emotion.
Luke takes up the challenge when Imperial troops kill his uncle and aunt.
6. Tests, allies and enemies A series of trials, giving an insight into what lies ahead. The strengths of his companions are shown.
Luke and Obi-Wan head for a spaceport bar, meet up with Han Solo and the Wookie and make a bitter enemy of Jabba the Hut.
© 2008 www.teachit.co.uk
11221
Page 1 of 3
The hero’s journey
7. Approach to the inmost cave The hero is ready for the supreme ordeal. This is the start of the action.
Luke and his allies have a series of adventures as they move towards the place where Leia is held prisoner.
8. Supreme ordeal The hero faces his final fear in a showdown with his nemesis.
The ordeal is made up a series of adventures that culminates in the attempt to break the princess out of the Death Star.
9. Reward – seizing the sword The hero has defeated his nemesis and claims his rightful prize.
Luke and his companions escape with the princess and the information needed to destroy the Death Star but not without the sacrifice of Obi-Wan.
10. Road back The consequences of the hero’s actions become clear and any unresolved issues reappear.
The worst is not yet over. The Death Star, moving within range of the rebel base, still has to be destroyed.
11. Resurrection An event which changes the hero in some way and allows a return to his ordinary world.
Luke trusts the Force and destroys the Death Star by sacrificing an old part of his personality, his dependence on machines.
12. Return with elixir Loose ends are tied up and the hero’s journey is complete. If the hero does not have the elixir, the whole journey must be repeated.
Luke and his allies are decorated as heroes in front of a large crowd. Luke’s elixir is his new self-knowledge and control of the force.
© 2008 www.teachit.co.uk
11221
Page 2 of 3
The hero’s journey Match theses parts of the plot of Four Weddings and a Funeral to the correct step of Vogler’s theory.
Charles crosses, or half crosses, many thresholds, most notably when her tries to tell Carrie how he feels after helping her with her wedding dress.
A sadder, but not much wiser man, he gets over Carrie and somehow rebounds into the arms of ‘Duckface’.
At the first wedding he is strongly attracted to Carrie, a mysterious woman from outside the circle of his friends.
The reward, if any, is self knowledge. He learns from Gareth’s death that love does not have to mean marriage. He has also learnt to lower his expectations.
Charles is a serial monogamist who goes to other people’s weddings but can’t imagine getting hitched himself. His heroic flaw is his inability to say, or know, what he feels.
As he enters the special world of love, Charles is hounded by ex-girlfriends, shadowed by a friend who would like to be his lover, and finds he has a rival for Carrie’s love.
Charles has several mentors; Carrie who warns of missed opportunities, Gareth who says how wonderful Carrie is and his deaf-mute brother who forces him to speak the truth.
Charles’s real ordeal comes on his own wedding day when he finds out that he could have Carrie and recognises his own feelings. His heroic flaw almost brings him to ruin but his brother forces him to speak the truth.
The series of weddings becomes trying for Charles as the object of his love seems to grow more desirable and remote and finally marries Hamish.
At the third wedding, Charles loses hope of ever winning Carrie as she speaks of her love for Hamish. He loses a dear friend when Gareth collapses of a heart attack.
In a touching, rainy reconciliation scene, Charles demonstrates that he has learnt his lesson, speaking honestly about his feelings for Carrie and his newly acquired aversion to weddings.
From the first wedding, when he does not approach Carrie, Charles refuses the call of his heart several times.
© 2008 www.teachit.co.uk
11221
Page 3 of 3
Restless teenager Luke Skywalker is bored with life on the remote farm where he lives with his uncle and aunt. His parents are presumed dead and he feels unfulfilled.
2. Call to adventure The catalyst that pushes the hero out of his ordinary world.
Luke accidentally finds the beautiful Princess Leia’s desperate plea for help, addressed to Obi-Wan-Kenobi and stored in the droid R2D2.
3. Refusal of the call The hero resists the call, adding tension and conflict.
Luke seeks out Obi-Wan but doesn’t dare take up the challenge saying that his uncle and aunt need him.
4. Meeting the mentor The mentor encourages the hero and provides guidance and support.
Luke finally puts himself in the hands of Obi-Wan and begins to learn the ways of the force.
5. Crossing the first threshold The first moment of departure from the ordinary world, a step filled with emotion.
Luke takes up the challenge when Imperial troops kill his uncle and aunt.
6. Tests, allies and enemies A series of trials, giving an insight into what lies ahead. The strengths of his companions are shown.
Luke and Obi-Wan head for a spaceport bar, meet up with Han Solo and the Wookie and make a bitter enemy of Jabba the Hut.
© 2008 www.teachit.co.uk
11221
Page 1 of 3
The hero’s journey
7. Approach to the inmost cave The hero is ready for the supreme ordeal. This is the start of the action.
Luke and his allies have a series of adventures as they move towards the place where Leia is held prisoner.
8. Supreme ordeal The hero faces his final fear in a showdown with his nemesis.
The ordeal is made up a series of adventures that culminates in the attempt to break the princess out of the Death Star.
9. Reward – seizing the sword The hero has defeated his nemesis and claims his rightful prize.
Luke and his companions escape with the princess and the information needed to destroy the Death Star but not without the sacrifice of Obi-Wan.
10. Road back The consequences of the hero’s actions become clear and any unresolved issues reappear.
The worst is not yet over. The Death Star, moving within range of the rebel base, still has to be destroyed.
11. Resurrection An event which changes the hero in some way and allows a return to his ordinary world.
Luke trusts the Force and destroys the Death Star by sacrificing an old part of his personality, his dependence on machines.
12. Return with elixir Loose ends are tied up and the hero’s journey is complete. If the hero does not have the elixir, the whole journey must be repeated.
Luke and his allies are decorated as heroes in front of a large crowd. Luke’s elixir is his new self-knowledge and control of the force.
© 2008 www.teachit.co.uk
11221
Page 2 of 3
The hero’s journey Match theses parts of the plot of Four Weddings and a Funeral to the correct step of Vogler’s theory.
Charles crosses, or half crosses, many thresholds, most notably when her tries to tell Carrie how he feels after helping her with her wedding dress.
A sadder, but not much wiser man, he gets over Carrie and somehow rebounds into the arms of ‘Duckface’.
At the first wedding he is strongly attracted to Carrie, a mysterious woman from outside the circle of his friends.
The reward, if any, is self knowledge. He learns from Gareth’s death that love does not have to mean marriage. He has also learnt to lower his expectations.
Charles is a serial monogamist who goes to other people’s weddings but can’t imagine getting hitched himself. His heroic flaw is his inability to say, or know, what he feels.
As he enters the special world of love, Charles is hounded by ex-girlfriends, shadowed by a friend who would like to be his lover, and finds he has a rival for Carrie’s love.
Charles has several mentors; Carrie who warns of missed opportunities, Gareth who says how wonderful Carrie is and his deaf-mute brother who forces him to speak the truth.
Charles’s real ordeal comes on his own wedding day when he finds out that he could have Carrie and recognises his own feelings. His heroic flaw almost brings him to ruin but his brother forces him to speak the truth.
The series of weddings becomes trying for Charles as the object of his love seems to grow more desirable and remote and finally marries Hamish.
At the third wedding, Charles loses hope of ever winning Carrie as she speaks of her love for Hamish. He loses a dear friend when Gareth collapses of a heart attack.
In a touching, rainy reconciliation scene, Charles demonstrates that he has learnt his lesson, speaking honestly about his feelings for Carrie and his newly acquired aversion to weddings.
From the first wedding, when he does not approach Carrie, Charles refuses the call of his heart several times.
© 2008 www.teachit.co.uk
11221
Page 3 of 3
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