Na Safety Standards

north american safety north american machine safety standards application vs. construction standards light curtain standards fall into two categories: application standards and construction standards. application standards reference how to use a light curtain for machine safety and guarding, for example, how to calculate the safe mounting distance. although some may give condensed construction information, often the main thrust of machine safety application standard is how to apply a light curtain for the type of machine covered by the standard. for example, ansi/ria r15.06 discusses the use of presence-sensing devices (light curtains) for robot guarding. ansi b11.1 provides information on how to use presence-sensing devices on mechanical power presses. construction standards provide design, construction and testing information on presence sensing devices. there are currently no construction standards developed in north america and iec61496, an iec standard entitled �safety of machinery - electrosensitive protective equipment� is generally accepted as the default. iec61496 covers specific items such as the number of outputs required, the need for a keyoperated switch, transformer construction, and failure conditions. test specifications require that the equipment be subject to a battery of tests including moisture and dust intrusion, power supply transients, electrical interferences, electrostatic discharges, component failure mode analysis and object sensing capabilities. machine safety and guarding in the united states, installation and use of machine safety and guarding is regulated by the occupational safety and health administration (osha). some states have their own safety organizations with regulations that must be at least as strict as the federal osha standards. in addition to osha, other organizations provide information on proper machine guarding. the american national standards institute (ansi) publishes the b11 standards to provide information on the construction, care and use of machine tools. certain standards are developed for specific types of machine tools. standards in the b11 series include: b11.1: mechanical power presses the requirements of this standard apply only to those mechanically-powered machine tools commonly referred to as mechanical power presses, which transmit force mechanically to cut, form, or assemble metal or other materials by means of tools or dies attached to or operated by slides. excluded from the requirements of this standard are: bulldozers; cold-headers and cold formers; eyelet machines; forging presses and hammers; high-energy-rate presses; hot-bending and hot-metal presses; hydraulic power presses; iron workers and detail punches; metal shears; pneumatic power presses; powdered-metal presses; press welders; power pressure brakes; riveting machines; turret and plate-punch machines; wire terminating machines; and welding presses. b11.2: hydraulic power presses the requirements of this standard apply only to those machine tools, commonly referred to as hydraulic power presses, which transmit force hydraulically to cut,

form, or assemble metal or other materials by means of tools or dies attached to or operated by slides. excluded from the requirements of this standard are: manually powered presses; mechanical power presses; air powered presses; powdered metal presses; horizontal hydraulic extrusion presses; high energy rate presses; manually positioned "c" frame punching and riveting presses; meat-processing presses; forging presses and hammers; powered press brakes; metal shears; iron workers; cold headers; die-casting machines; plastic injection molding machines; stretch forming machines; roll-bending machines; welding machines; welding presses; radial expanding and compression equipment; packaging machines; balers; laboratory machines or equipment used to determine properties of materials; and guillotine paper cutters. b11.3: power press brakes the requirements of this standard apply to those machine tools classified as power press brakes (hereinafter referred to simply as "press brakes"), which are designed and constructed for the specific purpose of bending material. the requirements of this standard also apply to powered folding machines. excluded from the requirements of this standard are mechanical power presses; hydraulic power presses, hand brakes; tangent benders; apron brakes; and other similar types of metal bending machines. b11.4: shears this standard applies to those mechanically, hydraulically, hydra-mechanically, or pneumatically powered shears used to cut material by shearing and which utilize a fixed blade(s) and non-rotary moving blade(s). the shears that are excluded from the requirements of this standard are slitting-rotary, nibblers; coil slitters; portable hand tools; rotary-blade slitters and shears; iron workers; alligator; angle, bar, bean, channel, and notching machines. b11.5: iron workers apply to those combination, multipurpose powered machines that punch, shear, notch, cope and form metals or other materials, commonly referred to as "ironworkers." b11.6: lathes this standard specifies safety requirements for the design, construction, operation and maintenance (including installation, dismantling, and transport) of the general class of manually controlled horizontal and vertical spindle turning machines. machines covered by this standard are intended to work metals and other man-made materials. this standard also applies to devices that are integral to the machine. these machines may have automatic capability but may not be equipped with automatic part handling or bar-feed mechanisms nor automatic tool changing systems. excluded from the requirements of this standard are nc turning machines where manual control is used only to set the machine for automatic production. b11.7: cold headers and cold formers the requirements of this standard apply only to those mechanically-powered machines commonly referred to as cold headers and cold formers, which perform many operations such as shearing, heading, upsetting, extruding, trimming, forming, cold working, or warm forming material by means of tools and dies. this type of equipment generally has the ram in a horizontal position. included are pointers and roll formers when they are mechanically an integral part of the basic machine. excluded from the requirements of the standard are: mechanical, hydraulic, and

pneumatic power presses; hot forgers; hot upsetters (including cold work); hot farmers; hot headers; vertical cold forgers; four slide machines; swaggers; wine drawers; slotters; shavers, and high-energy machines. also excluded are pointers and roll formers, unless they are an integral part of the basic machine. b11.8: drilling, milling and boring machines this standard specifies safety requirements for the design, construction, operation and maintenance (including installation, dismantling and transport) of manually controlled milling, drilling, and boring machines. this standard also applies to devices that are integral to the machine. these machines may have automatic capability but may not be equipped with automatic tool changing or automatic part handling systems. excluded from the requirements of this standard are nc milling, drilling, and boring machines where manual control is used only to set the machine for automatic production. b11.9: grinding machines this standard applies only to grinding machines, designed primarily for metal removal, that present grinding tools against workpieces, producing change in shape, size, and surface finish by grinding. this standard also applies to these machines when they are grinding materials other than metals such as glass, ceramics, plastics, and rubber. this standard does not apply to portable hand held grinders, machines using loose abrasives, or machines used for concrete cutting on road construction jobs. excluded from the requirements of this standard are: lens polishing machines; masonry cutting and grinding machines; tumbling machines; others primarily not designed for metal removal. b11.10: metal sawing machines this standard specifies safety requirements for the design, construction, modification, operation and maintenance (including installation, dismantling and transport) of a general class of stationary machine tools that use a saw blade (tool) to cut off or change the shape of the workpiece. this standard also applies to ancillary devices integrated into the machine (e.g., part handling mechanisms, chip handling systems). excluded from the requirements of this standard are: woodworking sawing machines; stonecutting sawing machines; food-processing sawing machines; abrasive-sawing machines; and portable by-hand sawing machines. b11.11: gear cutting machines this standard specifies safety requirements for the design, construction, operation and maintenance (including installation, dismantling and transport) of gear and spline cutting machines (see 3.1). the requirements of this standard apply to machines with single or multiple spindles that are specifically constructed to produce gear teeth by the process of hobbing, milling, shaping, and broaching. it also applies to those machines that shave, hone, lap, or chamfer gear teeth and machines used to produce ratchet, spline, or sprocket teeth. the requirements of this standard do not apply to machines used for molding, rolling, flame cutting, gear grinding, stamping, impact forming, forging, and gear inspection. power tools, portable by hand are also excluded from this standard. b11.12: roll forming and roll bending machines this standard specifies the safety requirements for the design, construction, operation and maintenance (including installation, dismantling, and transport) of roll-forming and roll-bending machines.

b11.13: single- and multiple-spindle automatic bar and chucking machines this standard applies to single and multiple spindle automatic bar and chucking machines in which all tool movement is controlled by the machine. excluded from the requirements in this standard are: lathes; engine lathes; toolroom lathes; vertical-shaft lathes; copy/tracer lathes; gap and sliding-gap lathes; and combination lathes. b11.14: coil-slitting machines the requirements of this standard apply to those machines commonly known as slitting machines, which use two parallel rotating arbors, one or more of which are adjustable, on which are mounted circular knives spaced to create necessary cutting positions for the continuous slitting of flat rolled metal or other materials into single or multiple strands. [note: the scope and requirements of this standard currently being incorporated into b11.18. when finished (late 2005), b11.14 will be withdrawn] b11.15: pipe, tube and shape bending machines the requirements of this standard apply to any power-driven machine designed for bending pipe, tube, and shapes by means of bending dies, clamp dies, pressure dies, mandrels, wiper dies, vertical bending punches, radius dies, wing dies, and associated tooling. excluded from the requirements for this standard are: bench presses; hydro forming; forging presses; four-slide machines; hydraulic presses; mechanical presses; power press brakes; roll benders; roll formers; and assembly machines. b11.16: metal powder compacting machines the requirements of this standard apply to those mechanically or hydraulically powered machine tools that are designed, modified, or converted for the compressing of metallic or non metallic powders. these machines are commonly referred to as metal powder presses, powder metal presses, compacting presses, p/m briquetting presses, metal powder sizing presses, or metal powder coining presses. for the purpose of this standard, they shall be referred to as "p/m presses." excluded from this standard are: mechanical and hydraulic power press brakes; mechanical and hydraulic power presses; bulldozers; conventional hot bending and hot metal presses; conventional forging presses; hammers; riveting machines and similar types of fastener applications; isostatic and hydrostatic presses; high energy rate presses. b11.17: horizontal hydraulic extrusion presses the requirements of this standard apply to those horizontal hydraulically powered presses that extrude metals by means of applying sufficient pressure to an individual metal billet, confined within a container, to force the metal to be extruded through the configured openings of a die. included are horizontal hydraulically powered presses that produce extruded shapes by the extrusion process, either direct or indirect. excluded from the requirements for this standard are: hydrostatic extrusion presses; vertical extrusion presses; laboratory presses used to develop extrusion techniques for new materials and products; and extruding machines of unconventional design.

b11.18: machinery and machine systems for processing strip, sheet, or plate from coiled configuration this standard applies to machines, and groups of machines arranged in production systems, for processing strip, sheet, or plate metal from a coiled or non-coiled configuration through machines that size or otherwise convert the metal into desired configurations. b11.19: perfomance criteria for the design, construction, care and operation of safeguarding when referenced by other b11 machine tool safety standards. b11.19 is considered one of the best single sources of machine tool guarding information for the american market. this standard provides performance requirements for the design, construction, installation, operation and maintenance of the safeguarding (guards, safeguarding devices, awareness devices, safeguarding methods, safe work procedures). this standard does not provide the requirements for the selection of the safeguarding for a particular application, though there is guidance provided. b11.20: manufacturing systems/cells this standard specifies the safety requirements for the design, construction, setup, operation and maintenance (including installation, dismantling and transport) of integrated manufacturing systems. this standard does not cover: safety aspects of individual machines and equipment that may be covered by standards specific to those machines and equipment (b11 "base" standard), transfer machines or transfer lines, or continuous flow processes. integrated manufacturing systems/cells an integrated manufacturing system is defined as a group of two or more industrial machines working together in a coordinated manner normally interconnected with and operated by a supervisory controller or controllers capable of being reprogrammed for the manufacturing of discrete parts or assemblies. this definition is provided by iso 11161, safety of integrated manufacturing systems, an international standard covering requirements for the safe installation, programming, operation, maintenance or repair of these systems. a similar standard is ansi b11.20, entitled manufacturing systems/cells - safety requirements for construction, care and use. both of these standards cover control. when machines in an integrated system operate separately or individually, or the safeguards are muted or suspended, the safety standards for the individual machines should be used as a supplement. robots and robot systems safety guidelines for applications using industrial robots result from the joint effort of ansi and the robotics industries association (ria). in standard ansi/ria r15.06, an industrial robot is defined as a reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or other devices. this standard does not apply to numerically controlled machine tools.

ontario regulation 7 each canadian province has created, or is developing its own specific safety regulations. the province of ontario may have the most complete set. of particular interest to users of industrial machinery is regulation 7 of the regulations for industrial establishments. regulation 7 outlines the requirements for a pre-start health and safety review (phsr). the intent of a phsr is threefold: 1. provide for a timely professional review to identify specific standards. 2. ensure hazards are removed or controlled before start-up. 3. ensure that worker protection the safety of multiple machines under some type of common protection as required under the applicable provisions of the regulations for industrial establishments is provided. what is a pre-start health and safety review? a phsr is conducted upon the construction, addition or installation of a new machine, structure or protective element, or the modification of an existing installation. the end result of a phsr is a written report. this report details the actions, steps or engineering controls required to bring the subject application into compliance with the provisions of the regulations for industrial establishments. benefits of a phsr include: prevention of hazardous incidents assurance of uniform quality inspections reduced cost of protection assurance that high risk areas are addressed raises standards for oem manufacturers although specific to the canadian province of ontario, regulation 7 and the resulting phsr report incorporate the risk assessment principals found elsewhere in this engineering guide. the canadian standards association (csa) csa is a canadian laboratory that tests and certifies the electrical integrity and safety of products. csa is accredited by osha as a nationally recognized test laboratory (nrtl) which covers testing of all products under osha�s jurisdiction. the nrtl/c mark (canadian/ us certification) on omron scientific technologies, inc. products indicates certification for canada as well as the united states and is considered to comply with applicable csa and ul requirements. the nrtl/c mark is a counterpart to the underwriter�s laboratory c-ul mark. both marks indicate that a product is in compliance with both csa and ul standards. the nrtl/c mark on omron sti�s products precludes the necessity of having both csa and ul agency logos. all omron sti safety light curtains are csa listed (file number lr90200). corporate standards in order to provide employees with a safe work environment, many corporations have

authored their own standards for safety light curtains and personnel protection. these standards are frequently more stringent than those required by osha and can only be met by the most technically advanced products.