Chapter 22: Multi-Compartment Side Curtain Airbag Deployment
22
Multi-compartment Side Curtain Airbag Deployment
Summary
Introduction
Requested Solutions
Airbag Analysis Scheme
FEM Solution
Results
Input File(s)
420 421
421
423 424
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420 MD Demonstration Problems CHAPTER 22
Summary Title
Chapter 22: Multi-compartment Side Curtain Airbag Deployment
Features
Deploy Multi-compartment Side Curtain Airbag
Geometry
Fix
Gas supply bag
Compartment
Inflator
= gth Len
2m 0.75
Material properties
See Summary of Materials.
Analysis type
Transient explicit dynamic analysis
Boundary conditions
Fixed at brackets
Applied loads
Prescribed pressure and temperature of inflator gas
Element type
Airbag: 2-D triangular shell element Airbag gas: 3-D solid element (automatically generated)
FE results
60 m t = 0.3 Heigh
CHAPTER 22 421 Multi-compartment Side Curtain Airbag Deployment
Introduction .The purpose of this example is to demonstrate the simulation of a multi-compartment airbag; a capability is introduced in MD Nastran SOL 700 (SOL 700). AIRBAG, GRIA, and EOSGAM are added in Bulk Data entries to support the capability.
Requested Solutions The airbag has five compartments. These compartments are folded, and each compartment is connected to the gas supply bag through a large hole. An inflator is modeled next to the gas supply bag. The gas jet is initiated from the inflator and running into the gas supply bag. Fixed boundary conditions are applied to the brackets attached to the gas supply bag. The simulation time is 0.04 seconds.
Airbag Analysis Scheme MD Nastran SOL 700 Airbag Model (bdf)
SOL 700
Obtain Binary Results -
Deformation (AIRBAG)
-
CFD result (GAS)
FEM Solution The units of this model are kg for weight, meter for length, second for time, and Kelvin for temperature. TSTEPNL describes the number of Time Steps (100) and Time Increment (0.0004 seconds) of the simulation. End time
is the product of the two entries. Notice here, the Time Increment is only for the first step. The actual number of Time Increments and the exact value of the Time Steps are determined by SOL 700 during the analysis. The step size of the output files is determined by the Time Increment as well. TSTEPNL
1
100
.0004
1
ADAPT
2
10
422 MD Demonstration Problems CHAPTER 22
One inflator and five compartment AIRBAG entries are defined. An AIRBAG entry instructs SOL 700 to create an airbag using either the CFD method (full gas dynamics) or using a uniform gasbag method. Here, the full gas dynamic method is used for all airbag definitions. Inflow of gas into the airbag is defined by the entries following the INFLATOR key word. Outflow is defined by adding LARGHOLE to the inflator which is connected to the five different compartment airbag. Details of an AIRBAG entry are described below: Airbag 1 is the definition of the inflator airbag. The CFD option defines CFD related data. Gamma law equation of state is defined referring the EOSGAM 3 field. AIRBAG +
1 CFD
25 3
1.527
0.009
0.009
0.009
+ +
Using the INITIAL option, initial conditions of gas property inside an airbag are defined. Initial pressure is 101,325 N/m2, initial temperature is 293 K, initial gamma gas constant is 1.4 and initial R gas constant is 294 N·m2/s2/K. +
INITIAL 101325. 293.
1.4
294.
+
The INFLATOR option is used to define gas property from an inflator. Mass flow rate is defined referring a table data (TABLED1). Temperature of inflowing gas is 350 K, a scale factor of available inflow area is 0.7, the gamma gas constant of the inflator gas is 1.557, and the R gas constant of the inflator gas is 243 N·m2/s2/K. + +
INFLATOR1001 1.557
1 243.
350.
0.7
+ +
The LARGEHOLE option defines the compartment location where gas flows into. In the example below, the first field, LARGHOLE 301 indicates that gas flows through surface 301 into the compartment with ID 2. A scale factor of inflow area is 1.0, meaning that 100% of the gas flows in. Five LARGEHOLE‘s definitions are used to model the gas flow inside the five airbag compartments. + + + + +
LARGHOLE301 LARGHOLE302 LARGHOLE303 LARGHOLE304 LARGHOLE305
2 3 4 5 6
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
+ + + +
AIRBAG entries from 2 to 6 define the compartments in the airbag.
AIRBAG + +
2 35 CFD 3 INITIAL 101325. 293.
1.527 1.4
0.011 294.
0.011
0.011
+ +
EOSGAM defines the ideal gas inside the airbag. This entry is used for each airbag definition. The gamma law gas equation of state is defined by EOSGAM. The pressure p is defined as: = – 1 e
where is a constant, e is specific internal energy per unit mass, is overall material density. A constant of 1.517 and R gas constant of 226.4 m2/s2/K are used in this model.
CHAPTER 22 423 Multi-compartment Side Curtain Airbag Deployment
EOSGAM
3
1.517
226.4
The GRIA entry defines the final unstretched configuration of a deployed bag. All ID’s of GRIA entries must be the same as the ID’s of GRID entries. GRIA ...
1
.0009375-.626128 .230000
Summary of Materials Inflator airbag: fabric material (MATD034): density=
783 kg/m3
Ea
(Young’s Modulus - longitudinal direction) = 2.6e+08
Eb
(Young’s Modulus - transverse direction) = 2.6e+08
a
(Poisson’s ratio - longitudinal direction) = .3
b
(Poisson’s ratio – transverse direction) = .3
Compartment airbag: null material (MATD009): density=
783 kg/m3
E
(Young’s Modulus) = 2.6e+08
(Poisson’s ratio) = .3
Initial condition of airbag gas: density)
= 1.527 kg/m3
Initial temperature = 293 K Initial pressure = 101,325 N/m2 Initial gamma gas constant = 1.4 Initial R gas constant = 294 N·m2/s2/K
Results There are two types of results files: ARC and d3plot. The ARC file is the original MSC.Dytran binary result file and includes the results for the Euler elements (fluid). d3plot is the native LS-DYNA result file format.
424 MD Demonstration Problems CHAPTER 22
t=0
t=2
t=4
t=6
t=8
t = 10
t = 20
t = 30 Airbag Deformed Shape
Time (ms)
t = 40
Figure 22-1
Euler Adaptive Mesh
Deformed Shape Airbag and Adaptive Euler Mesh
Input File(s) File nug_22.dat
Description MD Nastran input file for multi-compartment airbag FSI example