Mouth

ORAL CAVITY

LIPS 

COLOUR – pale (anemia); cianotic (hypoxia: mitral stenosis); red (poliglobulia)

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dark spots (Peutz-Jeghers srd- colonic polyps) volume (increased in acromegaly) Lesions – – – – –

Herpes sifilis telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler) cancer iritant or contact cheilitis with redness, scaling and fissuring from topical medications, cosmetics (lipstick) mouthwashes and dentifrices, dental material – angular cheilitis - inflamation of skin with contiguos labial mucous membrane at the angles of mouth – actinic cheilitis - leukoplatic plaques -premalignant lesion in individual chronic exposed to UV light

Sifilis Ephelides, Herpes

Rendu Osler Disease

BUZE 

COLOUR

TONGUE  

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- PAIN - VOLUME (INCREASED IN AMILOIDOSIS, MIXEDEMA, TUMOUR, ACROMEGALY AND DECREASE IN XI PASY MOBILITY: XI PASY GENERAL ASPECT clinical varieties of glossitis – geographic tongue -loss of filiform papilae on dorsum of tongue; typically, a white margin surrounds a central, red, atrophic area- cause unknown, no treatment – black hairy tongue - elongated black or brown filiform papilae that grow on the posteror of the tongueand exted toward the tip - antibiotics, smoking poor hygiene – strawberry tongue white exudative glositis with prominent red papillae poking through the exudate; after some days become beefy red -scarlet fever, toxic shoch

ULCER - TRAUMATIC -CHEMICAL -INFECTIOS (VIRAL) -CANCER

Sequence of a normal swallow

Progression of a normal swallow imaged by cineradiography (a)

Progression of a normal swallow imaged by cineradiography (b)

Progression of a normal swallow imaged by cineradiography (c)

Progression of a normal swallow imaged by cineradiography (d)

Progression of a normal swallow imaged by cineradiography (e)

Normal manometric recording and primary peristalsis

Relationship of peristaltic function and esophageal volume clearance

Cutaway view of anatomy of tubular esophagus

Normal histology of the esophagus