Motivation

MOTIVATION

Course: Organizational Behavior Presented By: Syeda Tabinda

MOTIVATION • Motivation may be defined as: “The willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual needs”

Introduction to motivation • Employees were considered just another input into the production of goods and services. • Study by Mayo from 1924 to 1932 concluded:

– employees are not motivated solely by money – employee behavior is linked to their attitudes

• needs and motivation of employees

become the primary focus of managers

MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES • Five major approaches that have led to our understanding of motivation are: – – – – –

Maslow's need-hierarchy theory, Herzberg's two- factor theory, Vroom's expectancy theory, Adams' equity theory, Skinner's reinforcement theory.

MASLOW’S NEED THEORY • According to

Maslow: Employees have five levels of need -Physiological -Safety -Social -Self esteem -Self Actualization

HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY • Categorized motivation into two factors:

– Motivators – Hygiene factors

VROOM’S THEORY OF MOTIVATION • Vroom's theory is based on the belief that employee effort will lead to performance and performance will lead to rewards (Vroom, 1964) Employ Efforts

Good Performance

Positive rewards

ADAM’S THEORY OF MOTIVATION • Adams' theory states that employees strive for equity between themselves and other workers.

SKINNER’S THEORY OF MOTIVATION • Skinner's theory simply states those employees' behaviors that lead to positive outcomes will be repeated and behaviors that lead to negative outcomes will not be repeated (Skinner, 1953).

DEFINITION OF MOTIVATION • the psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction (Kreitner, 1995); • an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994); • the will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993).

ROLE OF MOTIVATION • Motivated employees are needed in our rapidly changing workplaces. • Motivated employees help organizations survive. • Motivated employees are more productive.

MOTIVATING FACTORS The ranked order of motivating factors were: (a) interesting work (b) good wages (c) full appreciation of work done (d) job security (e) good working conditions (f) promotions and growth in the organization (g) feeling of being in on things (h) personal loyalty to employees (i) tactful discipline (j) sympathetic help with personal problems.