Morphological Diversity In Philippine Hoyas

Morphological Diversity in Philippine H yas

Joald G. Calpo BS Biology Major in Systematics 06 August 2008

This talk will… …discuss the variations in floral and vegetative traits of Philippine wax plants …show the clustering of Hoya based on morphological traits …open minds on Hoya awareness and the opportunities it caters

Prospects of Philippine Hoyas • Very little study has been made on the medicinal qualities of the genus • New species, varieties and hybrids are always of great interest to growers and collectors

Prospects of Philippine Hoyas •Collectors are always interested in obtaining new species •New species command a higher price

The Genus Hoya • Wax plant • Family Asclepiadaceae • Pollen in gelatinous masses • Most are epiphytic vines with milky sap • Can be found at all altitudes

The Hoya flower

Parts of a Hoya corona

Parts of a Hoya pollinarium

Distribution of Philippine Hoyas

Distribution of Philippine Hoyas

Meet our Philippine H yas

Hoya bicolor Kloppenburg

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya buotii Kloppenburg

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya coriacea Blume

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya crasssicaulis Elmer ex Kloppenburg

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya cumingiana Decaisne

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya densifolia Turczaninow

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya meliflua (Blanco) Merrill

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya merrillii Schlechter

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya mindorensis Schlechter

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya obscura Elmer ex Burton

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya pubicalyx Merrill

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya siariae Kloppenburg

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Floral Diversity in Philippine H yas

Corona Diversity in Hoyas

Hoya bicolor

Hoya crassicaulis

Hoya mindorensis

Hoya buotii

Hoya coriacea

Hoya cumingiana

Hoya densifolia

Hoya meliflua

Hoya merrillii

Hoya obscura

Hoya pubicalyx

Hoya siariae

Corona Diversity in Hoyas

Hoya bicolor

Hoya crassicaulis

Hoya mindorensis

Hoya buotii

Hoya coriacea

Hoya cumingiana

Hoya densifolia

Hoya meliflua

Hoya merrillii

Hoya obscura

Hoya pubicalyx

Hoya siariae

Corona Diversity in Hoyas

Hoya bicolor

Hoya crassicaulis

Hoya mindorensis

Hoya buotii

Hoya coriacea

Hoya cumingiana

Hoya densifolia

Hoya meliflua

Hoya merrillii

Hoya obscura

Hoya pubicalyx

Hoya siariae

Pollinarium Diversity in Hoyas

H. bicolor

H. buotii

H. coriacea

H. crassicaulis

H. cumingiana

H. densifolia

H. meliflua

H. merrillii

H. mindorensis

H. obscura

H. pubicalyx

H. siariae

Pollinarium Diversity in Hoyas

H. bicolor

H. buotii

H. coriacea

H. crassicaulis

H. cumingiana

H. densifolia

H. meliflua

H. merrillii

H. mindorensis

H. obscura

H. pubicalyx

H. siariae

Floral Diversity in Hoyas

•Measurements of corona, pollinarium and retinaculum showed wide variations

H. bicolor H. crassicaulis H. densifolia H. siariae H. cumingiana H. mindorensis H. merrilllii H. obscura H. buotii H. carnosa H. meliflua H. coriacea H. pubicalyx

2.16

1.64

1.12

0.60

0.08

Coefficient

Genetic relationships of 13 Philippine Hoya species using UP- GMA

Floral Diversity in Hoyas •H. pubicalyx and H. coriacea had the largest value for most traits

•H. obscura had the lowest values for most traits

Vegetative Diversity in Hoyas • Venation pattern can either be pinnately or palmately netted •Species can be delineated through the different characters of blade

Uses of morphological diversity •Morphometrics •Tree Reconstruction •Historical Biogeography

Hoya phylogeny

Status in World Horticulture • Most of the hoyas sold worldwide have Philippine origins. • Positive indication of the diversity, rarity and world class beauty of Philippine hoyas

Status in World Horticulture HOYA SPECIES H. pubicalyx H. mindorensis H. siariae H. buotii H. bicolor H. paziae H. imperialis H. meliflua

Price range ($) 7.50-15.00 7.50-15.00 12.00-25.00 12.00-25.00 12.00-25.00 15.00-20.00 25.00-75.00 9.50-12.00

Future of Philippine Hoya

Philippines possess the richest and most diverse range of hoya species in the world Philippine hoyas have created a niche in the global hoya industry

Diversity in Philippine Hoyas… ... is seen both in floral and vegetative traits … provided clustering based on degree of similarity … caters several opportunities for scientists, enthusiasts and ordinary household

Time to act now and capitalize on the popularity of Philippine H yas!

Reference s RAMNEL, D. 2005. Useful Plants of the Philippines: A Scienific Guide to Modern Botanical Medicine Volume 1. Quezon City: C and E Publishing Inc. SIAR, S.V. et al. 2007. “Corona and Pollinarium diversity in Philippine Hoyas” Asia Life Sciences 16 (2), pp 195- 208. SIAR, S.V. 2005. Philippine Hoyas. Los Baños, Laguna: PCARRD. 23 p. WANNTROP, L. et al. 2006. “Towards a Monophyleic Hoya (Marsdenieae, Apocynaceae): Inferences from the Chloroplast trnL Region and the rbcL- atpB Spacer” Systematic Botany 31(3). pp 586- 596.

Acknowledgement Dr. Simeona V. Siar, Institute of Plant Breeding Dr. Robert Dale Kloppenburg Professor Annalee C. Soligam- Hadsall, Institute of Biological Sciences Miss Mary Ann Cajano, Botanical Herbarium, Museum of Natural History Miss Ercie Vicencio, Institute of Plant Breeding

Thank y u!