Monografia-1.docx

“Año de la consolidación del Mar de Grau” CENTRO DE IDIOMAS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD CESAR VALLEJO – CHIMBOTE

MONOGRAPH Famous International Artists

AUTHORS Cuestas De La Cruz Isac Jhefferson Gutierrez Yrayta Harold Rai

PROFESOR Jairo Jaime Turriate Chávez

COURSE English 03

NUEVO CHIMBOTE – PERU 2016

DEDICATION

We dedicate this work to God for providing health and intelligence, being source of life and you need us to move forward day by day and achieve our goals, in addition to its infinite goodness and love. Our parents by the examples of perseverance and constancy that characterize them and that we have always unfounded, and for showing your support throughout the course. In our master Jairo Turriate Chávez for his great support and encouragement for the completion of our monograph, for their support offered in this work, for having passed on the knowledge gained and have led us step by step in learning.

GRATITUDE

We thank God and our parents for their support every day and the efforts made to pay for our studies. We would also like to thank the advice received over recent days by other teachers of the Language Center at the University Cesar Vallejo, who in one way or another have contributed their bit to our training. We thank our teacher of course, Jairo Turriate Chávez, for his efforts and dedication, their knowledge, their guidance, their way to work, persistence, patience and motivation have been instrumental in our formation over 03 English course.

FAMOUS INTERNATIONAL ARTISTS INDEX

CHAPTEAR I: GENERALITIES 1. WHAT IS THE ART? 2. ETYMOLOGY 3. WHAT IS AN ARTIST?

CHAPTEAR II: TIPES OF ARTS 1. DEFINITION 2. LIST OF ARTS 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 2.6. 2.7. 2.8.

THE ARCHITECTURE DANCE THE SCULPTURE MUSIC THE PAINTING POETRY AND LITERATURE FILMMAKING THE PHOTOGRAPH

CHEAPTER III: EXAMPLES OF ARTISTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

ZAHA HADID MAYA PLISETSKAYA PABLO RUIZ Y PICASSO LUDWIG BEETHOVEN MICHEL ÁNGELO GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ WILL SMITH STEVE WINTER

INTRODUCTION

An artist is a person exercising Arts and Artistic Works products. The definition of the term, so the therefore be associated one what is meant by art. Latin ars, art is the expression of feelings, emotions and ideas of a through plastic, linguistic or sound resources. The concept allows encompass creations performing the Human Being to express their sensible view about the real world or imaginary. The notion of art has changed throughout history and, with wave, the meaning of the artist. Prehistoric men who painted the caves of Altamira, for example, child today considered artists. Medieval craftsmen, engravers of the Renaissance and the Greek architects also son of artists, like painters, sculptors, musicians, writers and artists Current. Among the many types of artists that exist we would have to emphasize the poets, novelists, playwrights, painters, sculptors, musicians, singers. Very large is the list of classes of Artists exist and is also very extensive the characters whose qualities in any of ESOs arts have managed to become true landmarks of World History. Among the most significant find itself follows.

FAMOUS INTERNATIONAL ARTISTS CHAPTER I GENERALITIES

1. WHAT IS THE ART? In general terms it is called art or product activity in which human beings express ideas, emotions or, in general , a worldview , through various resources; such as plastics, linguistic , sound or mixed. It is considered that with the emergence of Homo sapiens art was originally a ritual, magical - religious function, but this function changed over time. 2. ETYMOLOGY The term art comes from the Latin ars, and is equivalent to (" technical ") or Greek term techne techne.1 Originally it applied to all production by man and to the disciplines of expertise. Thus, an artist, was both: the cook, the gardener or builder, as the painter or the poet.2

3. WHAT IS AN ARTIST? The artist is the person who performs the works of art. The term artist is based on the occasional meaning of art.3 With corresponding variants of art, an artist is one who plays the artistic work that depend on the aesthetic ideas of each era. An artist is anyone who performs the creation of art in all its classifications. This subject an especially sensitive to the world around him is supposed available. He has developed his own view perspective as well as their creativity, good technique and communication towards the viewer through their works.

Sir Peter Blake's new artwork where he selects the British cultural icons of his life to mark his 80th birthday celebrations at Vintage Festival

1. 2. 3.

Royal Spanish Academy (2014). "Art". Dictionary of the Spanish Language (23th edition). Madrid: Espasa. Psychology of artistic creation (p. 23). Buenos Aires Omar Argerami: Columbia, 1968 RAE. "RAE-definition." Accessed July 6, 2014.

CHEAPTER II TYPES OF ART

1. DEFINITION Charles Batteux , in his 1746 Les Beaux -Arts Reduits, coined the term "fine arts " which originally applied to dance , floriculture , sculpture , music , painting and poetry , adding later architecture and eloquence. Subsequently, the list would suffer changes according to different authors that would add or would remove arts to this list. Ricciotto Canudo, the first film theorist, was the first to qualify the film as the seventh art in 191.

2. LIST OF ARTS Currently it is generally considered the following list: A. The first is the architecture B. The second is the dance C. The third is the sculpture D. The fourth is the music E. The fifth is painting F. The sixth is poetry and literature G. The seventh is the cinematography. H. The eighth is photography

2.1. The architecture Architecture is the art and technique of projecting, design, build and modify the human habitat, including buildings of all kinds, architectural and urban structures and architectural spaces. The term "architecture" comes from the Greek ἀρχ- (arch- root word 'boss' or 'authority'), and τέκτων (tekton 'carpenter'). Thus, for the ancient Greeks, the architect was the head or director of construction and architecture technique or art who performed the project and directed the construction of buildings and structures, since the word τεχνή (techne) means' creation, invention or art. "From it came the words "technical" and also "Tectonic" ('constructive').4

The Villa Savoye is a building located in Poissy, outside Paris, which was built in 1929 and designed by Le Corbusier, one of the most influential architects of the twentieth century.

2.2. Dance Dance or dance is an art where the body movement is usually used music as a form of expression, social interaction, for entertainment, artistic or religious. It is the movement in space is done with a part or the whole body of the performer, with a beat or rhythm as an expression of individual feelings, or symbols of culture and society. In this sense, dance is also a form of communication, as the non-verbal language is used between humans, where the dancer or dancer expresses feelings and emotions through their movements and gestures. It is done mostly with music, whether a song, piece of music or sounds.5 Inside there dance choreography, which is the art of creating dances. The person who creates choreography, is known as a choreographer. The dance can dance to a varied number of dancers, ranging from solo, in pairs or groups, but the number usually depends on the dance to be run and its target, and in some cases more structured, the idea of the choreographer.

Maya Plisetskaya in Swan Lake

4. 5.

Association of Spanish Language Academies (2001). "Architecture" in Spanish Royal Academy: Dictionary of the Spanish language, twenty-second edition, Madrid: Espasa Calpe. Pg. 12 Cohen, S. J. - Dance As a Theatre Art: Source Readings in Dance History from 1581 to the Present. Princeton Book Co. 1992. Pg. 10

2.3. The sculpture Sculpture is called Latin "SCULPTURA" the art of modeling clay, stone carving, wood or other materials. Sculpture is also called the work made by a sculptor.6 It is one of the Fine Arts in which Sculptor is expressed creating volumes and conforming spaces. In all arts sculpture carving and chisel, along with casting and molding are included. Inside the sculpture, using different combinations of materials and media has created a new artistic repertoire, which includes processes such as constructivism and assemblage. In a generic sense, the term plastic sculpture artwork by sculptor. Since ancient times man has had the need to sculpt. At first it was with the simplest materials and had at hand: stone, clay and wood. Then he used iron, bronze, gold, lead, wax, plaster, clay, and plastic polyester resin reinforced with fiberglass, concrete, kinetic and reflection of light, among others. The sculpture was in principle a single function, immediate use; subsequently ritual, magic, funeral and religious function was added. This functionality was changing with the historical evolution, acquiring a primarily aesthetic or simply ornamental and became a lasting or ephemeral element.

Mercy Vatican By Miguel Angel

2.4. Music Music (Greek: μουσική [τέχνη] - mousike [Techne], "the art of the Muses") is, according to the traditional definition of the term, the art of organizing sensible and logically a coherent combination of sounds and silences using the principles fundamentals of melody, harmony and rhythm, through the intervention of complex psycho-psychic processes. The concept of music has evolved from its origins in ancient Greece, which met without distinction to poetry, music and dance as art unit. For decades it has become more complex definition of what is and what is not music, as featured composers, within the framework of various artistic experiences frontier have made works that although could be considered music, expanding the limits the definition of this art.7

6. 7.

Alcolea i Gil, Santiago (1988). Universal History of Art. Spain and Portugal Volum VI. Barcelona, Editorial Planeta. Pg. 8 Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Dictionary of Music (Madrid: Akal, 2007), 281-288. Pg. 11

Music, like all artistic expression, is a cultural product. The purpose of this art is to provoke an aesthetic experience in the listener, and express feelings, emotions, circumstances, thoughts or ideas. Music is a stimulus that affects the perceptual field of the individual; so the flow of sound can fulfill varied functions (entertainment, communication, environment, fun, etc.)

Beethoven playing for Prince Luis Fernando.

2.5. The painting Painting is the art of graphic representation using mixed with other organic binders or synthetic pigments. In this art painting techniques, knowledge of color theory and pictorial composition, and drawing are used. Practice the art of painting is to apply, on a given surface a sheet of paper, a canvas, a wall, a wood, a piece of tissue, etc. a particular technique, to obtain a composition of shapes, colors, textures, patterns, etc. resulting in a work of art by some aesthetic principles.8 The painting is one of the oldest artistic expressions and one of the seven Fine Arts. In aesthetics or art theory, painting is considered a universal category that includes all artistic creations made on surfaces. A category applicable to any technique or type of hardware or materials, including brackets or mayflies and media techniques or digital techniques.

The work of the sixteenth century Leonardo da Vinci known as "La Mona Lisa" is probably the most popular piece of art in the world.

8.

Aymar, Gordon C (1967). The Art of Portrait Painting (in English). Philadelphia: Chilton Book Co. pg. 15

2.6. Poetry and Literature Poetry (Greek ποίησις 'action, creation, adoption, manufacture, composition, poetry, poem' <ποιέω 'make, manufacture, bring forth, give birth, get, cause, create') is a literary genre regarded as a manifestation of beauty or aesthetic feeling through the word, in verse or prose. The Greeks understood that there could be three types of poetry, lyric or song sung to the accompaniment of lyre or harp hand, which is the meaning which was later expanded to the word, even without music; dramatic or theatrical and epic or narrative. So often today is usually understood as poetry lyric poetry.9 Literature, in its broadest sense, is any written work; although some definitions include spoken or sung texts. In a narrower, traditional sense, it is the writing that has literary merit and that privileges literariness, as opposed to ordinary language. The term also refers to the whole literature of literary productions of a nation, of an age or even a genre (Greek literature, the eighteenth-century literature, fantasy literature, etc.) and the group of works that deal with art or science (medical literature, legal, etc.). In artistic terms, the literature is the art of the word, either spoken or written word. It is studied by literary theory.

2.7. Filmmaking Abbreviation of cinematograph film or cinematography, is the technique of projecting frames in rapid succession to create the impression of movement, showing a video or film, or film, or film. The word cinema also designates rooms or theaters in which films are projected. Etymologically, the word cinematography was a neologism created in the late nineteenth century composed from two Greek words. On the one hand (physio), which means "movement" among others, "kinetic", "kinesiology", "film library" CINERGIA); (Graph). This is trying to define the concept of "moving picture ".

9.

Royal Spanish Academy (2014). "Poetry". Dictionary of the Spanish Language (23rd edition). Madrid: Espasa.

2.8. The photograph Photography is the process of capturing images and store them in a medium of light sensitive material on the principle of the pinhole camera, with which it is achieved to project an image captured by a small hole on a surface, such image the image size is reduced and increased sharpness. To store this image, cameras used until some years ago exclusively sensible film, whereas at present almost always employ CCD and CMOS sensors and digital memories; It is the new digital photography.10 The term photography, from the Greek phos " light " and grafis "design" , "write" which together means " design / writing with light " . Is difficult to establish the paternity of the word, and even determine exactly who has been the inventor of the technique itself, since it had a long preparatory phase. But we can say that much of its development must Joseph- Nicephore Niepce to, and that the discovery was made public by Louis- Jacques- Mande Daguerre, also known as Louis Daguerre, after perfecting the technique.

1968. The South Vietnamese police Chief Nguyen Ngoc Loan shoots a young man suspected of being a Viet Kong soldier. Author of Photography: Eddie Adams, USA, the Associated Press.

10. Royal Spanish Academy (2014). "Photograph". Dictionary of the Spanish Language (23rd edition). Madrid: Espasa.

CHEAPTER III

EXAMPLES OF ARTISTS

1. The first is the architecture Zaha Hadid Was born on 31 October 1950 in Baghdad, Iraq, to an upper-class Iraqi family. Her father, Muhammad al-Hajj Husayn Hadid, was a wealthy industrialist from Mosul, Iraq. He co-founded the left-liberal al-Ahali group in Iraq in 1932, which was a significant political organization in the 1930s and 1940s.He was the cofounder of the National Democratic Party in Iraq.Her mother, Wajiha al-Sabunji, was an artist from Mosul.In the 1960s Hadid attended boarding schools in England and Switzerland. Hadid studied mathematics at the American University of Beirut before moving, in 1972, to London to study at the Architectural Association School of Architecture. There she met Rem Koolhaas, Elia Zenghelis and Bernard Tschumi. She worked for her former professors, Koolhaas and Zenghelis, at the Office for Metropolitan Architecture, in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, becoming a partner in 1977.Through her association with Koolhaas, she met Peter Rice, the engineer who gave her support and encouragement early on at a time when her work seemed difficult.

2. The second is the dance Maya Plisetskaya Plisetskaya was born on 20 November 1925, in Moscow, into a prominent family of Lithuanian Jewish descent, most of whom were involved in the theater or film. Her mother, Rachel Messerer-Plisetskaya, was a silent-film actress. Dancer Asaf Messerer was a maternal uncle and Bolshoi ballerina Sulamith Messerer was a maternal aunt. Her father, Mikhail Plisetski (Misha), was a diplomat, engineer and mine director, and not involved in the arts, although he was a fan of ballet. Her brother Alexander Plisetski became a famous choreographer, and her niece Anna Plisetskaya would also become a ballerina. In 1938, her father was arrested and later executed during the Stalinist purges, during which tens of thousands of people were murdered. According to ballet scholar Jennifer Homans, her father was a committed Communist, and had earlier been "proclaimed a national hero for his work on behalf of the Soviet coal industry." Soviet leader Vyacheslav Molotov presented him with one of the Soviet Union's first manufactured cars. Her mother was arrested soon after and sent to a labor camp (Gulag) in Kazakhstan for the next three years. Maya and her seven-month-old baby brother were taken in by their maternal aunt, ballerina Sulamith Messerer, until their mother was released in 1941. During the years without her parents, and barely a teenager, Plisetskaya "faced terror, war, and dislocation," writes Homans. As a result, “Maya took refuge in ballet and the Bolshoi Theater.” As her father was stationed at Spitzbergen to supervise the coalmines in Barentsburg she stayed there for four years with her family, from 1932 to 1936.She next studied under the great ballerina of imperial school, Elizaveta Gerdt. She first performed at the Bolshoi Theatre when she was eleven. In 1943, at the age of eighteen, Plisetskaya graduated from the choreographic school. She joined the Bolshoi Ballet, where she performed until 1990.

3. The third is the sculpture Pablo Ruiz y Picasso Also known as Pablo Picasso, was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France. Regarded as one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and Guernica (1937), a portrayal of the Bombing of Guernica by the German and Italian air forces at the behest of the Spanish nationalist government during the Spanish Civil War. Picasso, Henri Matisse and Marcel Duchamp are regarded as the three artists who most defined the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the 20th century, responsible for significant developments in painting, sculpture, printmaking and ceramics. Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a naturalistic manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas.

4. The fourth is the music Ludwig Beethoven Beethoven was the grandson of Ludwig van Beethoven (1712–73), a musician from the town of Mechelen in the Duchy of Brabant in the Flemish region of what is now Belgium, who at the age of twenty moved to Bonn. Ludwig (he adopted the German cognate of the Dutch Lodewijk) was employed as a bass singer at the court of the Elector of Cologne, eventually rising to become, in 1761, Kapellmeister (music director) and thereafter the pre-eminent musician in Bonn. The portrait he commissioned of himself towards the end of his life remained proudly displayed in his grandson's rooms as a talisman of his musical heritage. Ludwig had one son, Johann (1740–1792), who worked as a tenor in the same musical establishment and gave keyboard and violin lessons to supplement his income. Johann married Maria Magdalena Keverich (de) in 1767; she was the daughter of Johann Heinrich Keverich (1701–1751), who had been the head chef at the court of the Archbishopric of Trier. Beethoven was born of this marriage in Bonn. There is no authentic record of the date of his birth; however, the registry of his baptism, in a Catholic service at the Parish of St. Regius on 17 December 1770, survives. As children of that era were traditionally baptized the day after birth in the Catholic Rhine country, and it is known that Beethoven's family and his teacher Johann Albrechtsberger celebrated his birthday on 16 December, most scholars accept 16 December 1770 as Beethoven's date of birth. Of the seven children born to Johann van Beethoven, only Ludwig, the second-born, and two younger brothers survived infancy. Caspar Anton Carl was born on 8 April 1774, and Nikolaus Johann, the youngest, was born on 2 October 1776. Beethoven's first music teacher was his father. He later had other local teachers: the court organist Gilles van den Eeden (d. 1782), Tobias Friedrich Pfeiffer (a family friend, who provided keyboard tuition), and Franz Rovantini (a relative, who instructed him in playing the violin and viola). From the outset his tuition regime, which began in his fifth year, was harsh and intensive, often reducing him to tears; with the involvement of the insomniac Pfeiffer there were irregular late-night sessions with the young Beethoven being dragged from his bed to the keyboard. Beethoven's musical talent was obvious at a young age. Johann, aware of Leopold Mozart's successes in this area (with son Wolfgang and daughter Nannerl), attempted to exploit his son as a child prodigy, claiming that Beethoven was six (he was seven) on the posters for Beethoven's first public performance in March 1778. Sometime after 1779, Beethoven began his studies with his most important teacher in Bonn, Christian Gottlob Neefe, who was appointed the Court's Organist in that year. Neefe taught Beethoven composition, and by March 1783 had helped him write his first published composition: a set of keyboard variations. Beethoven soon began working with Neefe as assistant organist, at first unpaid (1781), and then as a paid employee (1784) of the court chapel conducted by the Kapellmeister Andrea Luchesi. His first three piano sonatas, named "Kurfürst" ("Elector") for their dedication to the Elector Maximilian Friedrich (1708–1784), were published in 1783. Maximilian Frederick noticed Beethoven's talent early, and subsidized and encouraged the young man's musical studies.

A portrait of the 13-year-old Beethoven by an unknown Bonn master (c. 1783) Maximilian Frederick's successor as the Elector of Bonn was Maximilian Franz, the youngest son of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria, and he brought notable changes to Bonn. Echoing changes made in Vienna by his brother Joseph, he introduced reforms based on Enlightenment philosophy, with increased support for education and the arts. The teenage Beethoven was almost certainly influenced by these changes. He may also have been influenced at this time by ideas prominent in freemasonry, as Neefe and others around Beethoven were members of the local chapter of the Order of the Illuminati. In March 1787 Beethoven traveled to Vienna (possibly at another's expense) for the first time, apparently in the hope of studying with Mozart. The details of their relationship are uncertain, including whether they actually met. Having learned that his mother was ill, Beethoven returned about two weeks after his arrival. His mother died shortly thereafter, and his father lapsed deeper into alcoholism. As a result, Beethoven became responsible for the care of his two younger brothers, and spent the next five years in Bonn. Beethoven was introduced in these years to several people who became important in his life. Franz Wegeler, a young medical student, introduced him to the von Breuning family (one of whose daughters Wegeler eventually married). Beethoven often visited the von Breuning household, where he taught piano to some of the children. Here he encountered German and classical literature. The von Breuning family environment was less stressful than his own, which was increasingly dominated by his father's decline. Beethoven also came to the attention of Count Ferdinand von Waldstein, who became a lifelong friend and financial supporter. Music Greek: - mousike techne, "the art of the Muses " is, according to the traditional definition of the term, the art of organizing sensible and logically a coherent combination of sounds and silences using fundamental principles of melody, harmony and pace, through the intervention of complex psycho - psychic processes .The concept of music has evolved from its origins in ancient Greece, which met without distinction to poetry, music and dance as art unit. For decades it has become more complex definition of what is and what is not music, as featured composers, within the framework of various artistic experiences frontier have made works that although could be considered music, expanding the limits the definition of this art.

5. The fifth is painting Michelangelo Michelangelo was born on 6 March 1475 in Caprese near Arezzo, Tuscany (known today as Caprese Michelangelo). For several generations, his family had been small-scale bankers in Florence, but the bank failed, and his father, Ludovico di Leonardo Buonarroti Simoni, briefly took a government post in Caprese, where Michelangelo was born. At the time of Michelangelo's birth, his father was the Judicial administrator of the small town of Caprese and local administrator of Chiusi. Michelangelo's mother was Francesca di Neri Del Miniato di Siena. The Buonarrotis claimed to descend from the Countess Mathilde of Canossa; this claim remains unproven, but Michelangelo himself believed it. Several months after Michelangelo's birth, the family returned to Florence, where he was raised. At later times, during his mother's prolonged illness and after her death in 1481, when he was just six years old, Michelangelo lived with a nanny and her husband, who was a stonecutter, in the town of Settignano, where his father owned a marble quarry and a small farm. There Michelangelo gained his love for marble, as Giorgio Vasari quotes him: "If there is some good in me, it is because I was born in the subtle atmosphere of your country of Arezzo. Along with the milk of my nurse I received the knack of handling chisel and hammer, with which I make my figures." Painting is the art of graphic representation using mixed with other organic pigments or synthetic substances. In this art painting techniques and knowledge of color theory are used.

6. The sixth is poetry and literature Gabriel García Márquez Gabriel García Márquez was born on 6 March 1927 in Aracataca, Colombia, to Gabriel Eligio Garraised by his maternal grandparents, Doña Tranquilina Iguarán and Colonel Nicolás Ricardo Márquez Mejía. In December 1936, his fathecía and Luisa Santiaga Márquez Iguarán. Soon after García Márquez was born, his father became a pharmacist and moved, with his wife, to Barranquilla, leaving young Gabito in Aracataca. He was r took him and his brother to Sincé, while in March 1937, his grandfather died; the family then moved first (back) to Barranquilla and then on to Sucre, where his father started up a pharmacy. When his parents fell in love, their relationship met with resistance from Luisa Santiaga Márquez's father, the Colonel. Gabriel Eligio García was not the man the Colonel had envisioned winning the heart of his daughter: he (Gabriel Eligio) was a Conservative, and had the reputation of being a womanizer. Gabriel Eligio wooed Luisa with violin serenades, love poems, countless letters, and even telephone messages after her father sent her away with the intention of separating the young couple. Her parents tried everything to get rid of the man, but he kept coming back, and it was obvious their daughter was committed to him. Her family finally capitulated and gave her permission to marry him (The tragicomic story of their courtship would later be adapted and recast as Love in the Time of Cholera. Since García Márquez's parents were more or less strangers to him for the first few years of his life, his grandparents influenced his early development very strongly. His grandfather, whom he called "Papalelo", was a Liberal veteran of the Thousand Days War.The Colonel was considered a hero by Colombian Liberals and was highly respected. He was well known for his refusal to remain silent about the banana massacres that took place the year after García Márquez was born. The Colonel, whom García Márquez described as his "umbilical cord with history and reality," was also an excellent storyteller. He taught García Márquez lessons from the dictionary, took him to the circus each year, and was the first to introduce his grandson to ice—a "miracle" found at the United Fruit Company store. He would also occasionally tell his young grandson "You can't imagine how much a dead man weighs", reminding him that there was no greater burden than to have killed a man, a lesson that García Márquez would later integrate into his novels. García Márquez's political and ideological views were shaped by his grandfather's stories. In an interview, García Márquez told his friend Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza, "my grandfather the Colonel was a Liberal. My political ideas probably came from him to begin with because, instead of telling me fairy tales when I was young, he would regale me with horrifying accounts of the last civil war that free-thinkers and anti-clerics waged against the Conservative government. "This influenced his political views and his literary technique so that "in the same way that his writing career initially took shape in conscious opposition to the Colombian literary status quo, García Márquez's socialist and anti-imperialist views are in principled opposition to the global status quo dominated by the United States."

García Márquez's grandmother, Doña Tranquilina Iguarán Cotes, played an equally influential role in his upbringing. He was inspired by the way she "treated the extraordinary as something perfectly natural."The house was filled with stories of ghosts and premonitions, omens and portents, all of which were studiously ignored by her husband. According to García Márquez she was "the source of the magical, superstitious and supernatural view of reality". He enjoyed his grandmother's unique way of telling stories. No matter how fantastic or improbable her statements, she always delivered them as if they were the irrefutable truth. It was a deadpan style that, some thirty years later, heavily influenced her grandson's most popular novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude.

7. The seventh is the cinematography. Will Smith Willard Carroll "Will" Smith, Jr. (born September 25, 1968) is an American actor, producer, rapper, and songwriter. He has enjoyed success in television, film, and music. In April 2007, Newsweek called him "the most powerful actor in Hollywood". Smith has been nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, two Academy Awards, and has won four Grammy Awards. In the late 1980s, Smith achieved modest fame as a rapper under the name The Fresh Prince. In 1990, his popularity increased dramatically when he starred in the popular television series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. The show ran for six seasons (1990–96) on NBC and has been syndicated consistently on various networks since then. After the series ended, Smith transitioned from television to film, and ultimately starred in numerous blockbuster films. He is the only actor to have eight consecutive films gross over $100 million in the domestic box office, eleven consecutive films gross over $150 million internationally, and eight consecutive films in which he starred open at the number one spot in the domestic box office tally. Smith is ranked as the most bankable star worldwide by Forbes. As of 2014, 17 of the 21 films in which he has had leading roles have accumulated worldwide gross earnings of over $100 million each, five taking in over $500 million each in global box office receipts. As of 2014, his films have grossed $6.6 billion at the global box office. He has received Best Actor Oscar nominations for Ali and The Pursuit of Happyness.

8. The eighth is photography Steve Winter Winter began his professional career with Walsall in the Football League, where after being released he dropped shortly into the non-league game with Taunton Town. He then earned a return to the Football League with Torquay United, where he enjoyed a two-year spell. Winter then moved to Yeovil Town in August 1997, but his stay was short-lived, and he moved to Dr Martens Premier Divisionside Forest Green Rovers. He was a part of the Forest Green squad that, under the management of Frank Gregan, earned promotion into the Conference National in the 1997–98 season and appeared at Wembley Stadium for the club in the 1999 FA Trophy final. He moved to Tiverton Town in August 2001 and in July 2003 was a part of the Tiverton side that defeated his former club, Torquay United, at Plainmoor to win the Devon Bowl. In March 2006, Winter joined league rivals Chippenham Town in a surprise move. He left the club a few months later in May 2006. In the summer of 2007 he joined then Hellenic League side Almondsbury Town as player/assistant manager.He left the club in the summer of 2008 to become player-manager at Shirehampton where he guided the Somerset club to a second-place finish in his first year in charge before leaving to become boss at Gloucestershire County League side Axa. He left Axa in October 2010. In March 2012, Winter returned to playing duties with Bishop Sutton. In June 2013, Winter was confirmed as the new assistant manager at Bristol Manor Farm. He left the club just a month later, however, to undertake the role of assistant manager at Southern Premier Division side Chippenham Town After Nathan Rudge left the club, Winter was appointed full-time boss after a short caretaker spell in charge of the club. He was sacked just a few months later, however, after a 9–0 home defeat against Stour Bridge. This was despite the fact he wasn't in attendance at the game as he was on holiday in Egypt and he was sacked over the phone by chairman Neil Blackmore.

CONCLUCIONES Art is a way of expression in all its core activities, art trying to tell us something about the universe of man, the artist himself. Art is a form of knowledge so precious to man as the world of philosophy or science. Of course, only when we recognize clearly that art is a form of parallel knowledge to another, but distinct from it, through which man comes to understand his environment, only then we can begin to appreciate its importance in the history of the humanity. Art is a conscious human activity capable of reproducing things, build forms, or express an experience, as long as the product of this reproduction, construction, or expression to delight, excite or cause a crash. An artist is a person exercising the arts and produces artistic works. The definition of the term, therefore, be associated with what is meant by art.

REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS



Enciclopedia del Arte Garzanti. Ediciones B, Barcelona.



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