Moment Of Zionism (ii) - Hebrew Fight For The Return In Eretz Israel

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 „& '()* è  = National Movement of the Jews for Return in Country of Zion ƛ ƝThe Holly Landƞ (or ƝThe Promise Landƞ) and the formation of Eretz Israel State (not necessarily a definition). è Development Zionist movements in European countries and the U.S. (mid. XIX ƛ XX centuries) becomes the engine and sponsor (through organizations "" type) of various stages of Jewish Return, in a land barren and then hostile; social phenomenon is called generic: ALYA. National consciousness develops in jewish communities in Europe based on two social vectors: è Simultaneous event in communities in Europe, two contradictory states of mind: X Integration into the daily lives of the majority population of Jews (and in some cases, the assimilation through mixed marriages). X Resistance and organizing against the anti-Semitism and intolerance of other ethnic populations in the majority. How this sequence have different times in different European countries, including the Russian Empire, hebrew communities were in a continuous search for solutions. è „ormation of national consciousness. The join around Jewish Rabbi, as exponents of the Mosaic „aith Leaders and willingness to organize Return of Jews in 'The Promised Landƞ; to rebuild his country: Eretz Israel. That although many times there were open conflicts between the rabbi. Although many families of Hebrew in the middle class realized why not go in the wilderness when going very well where they lived, with the majority population.

c Therefore the first who left were poor people - schnorers´'+. A large number of immigrants took to the road to America, beginning XIX century (where, no more than 70 years and will come before the main financial support of the Jewish "Joint"). Another initiative was jew tycoon Moritz de Hirsh (finance, among others the construction of railways in the Balkans and East) send to 7000 in Russia Hebrew poverty in Argentina. Jew tycoon Edmond de Rotchschild funds directly (1870-1910) the creation of compact settlements in Palestine ... Individual events and punctual. è It was to be like, before Messaiah (God sent) waiting at a handful of Hebrew, the rabbi to lawyers, bankers, men of culture, etc. from all jewish communities in Europe and Russia, and social conditions very different; but united by the belief that Return is the only way to true peace and dignity Hebrew people. It confirmed by the harbinger of countless pogroms neighborhoods of big cities but in small urban settlements at the end of XIX and early XX centuries, the tragical Schoah of the Jews in European fascism and communism, in the XX century. Is unpleasant, but correctly noted that this process was not ongoing idyllic. è ,-.- : X The #. // (the classic and Hassid are in a continuous war of deaf and leading jewish communities). X #0 0. (great bankers of Europe, accustomed to generous gestures singular, too full of them to mix with the herd - is famous that say Rotchschild bankers to Zionist leader Theodor Herzl: 'What do you think that, with 100,000 schnorers (poor) to rebuild the Country of Israel ?!'), [1] Term designating those poor, are at the threshold of subsistence. At that time there were millions of Hebrew in Europe and Russia in that social state.

' Middle class (swing between satisfaction and empowerment recent idea c of financial support and participation - especially the Hebrew of these young families - to build economic infrastructure to the future new Hebrew State). X Poor People (ordinary people today to live together, side by side with the majority poor population, but having a higher education community and practice of faith for thousands of years) - They will mobilize by Theodor Herzl, (after being rejected by bankers Hirsch and Rotchschild) They constitute a majority in the firsts ALYA. X Zionits (heterogeneous group as social class of origin and countries of origin, gathered around the idea of achieving the Jew - Eretz Israel during 1840 - 1897 which will be the rule of law and fact in the Basel Congress in 1897 had many moments in which opinions and attitudes were different. Unity of purpose and location of the miracle right leaders in the latter exodus Hebrew of the people resulted in the establishment of the State of Hebrew (1948). è The Beginers are : ' Rabbi Yehuda Solomon Alkalai - Sephardic [1]. ' Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kalischer Ashkenazi [2] [1] 1, 02 are Jews rite Spanish. They were installed in Spain after having been driven out of Judea: first deportation took place in 70 and and after Israel's destruction by Roman army (134-135). Dispersal area was along the territories bordering the Mediterranean Sea. They were installed in Spain along with installation Arab caliphate (eighth century). Were expelled from Spain in 1492 (Decree of the Alhambra, given by Queen Isabella and King „erdinand, at the urging of Jesuit Bishop of „rancesco de Loyola ) and later from Portugal. They emigrated to North Africa, Italy, the Middle East, the Balkan Peninsula and in southern Romania, then in England, Holland and America (the first community established around ƝKahal Zur Israel Synagogueƞ the state of Pernambuco - Brazil). They talked Ladino or Judeo-Spanish language (dialect based castilian). [2] ,342 having been driven out of Judea: first deportation took place in 70 and after Israel's destruction by Roman army (134-135), have emigrated to western and central Europe, especially in Germanic countries. Since the first centuries of first millennium AD. In the Middle Ages, they migrated to Eastern Europe. Ashkenazi Jews using Yiddish (Germanic idiomatic) and the Hebrew / Aramaic: the practice of religion, speech and rabbinical Everieşti more distant relationship with communities.

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è ,0  4.&! 5- 4. (1860 - 1904) was born in Budapest into a family of bankers Hebrew Sephardim from Zemun (where his grandfather was a disciple of Rabbi Yehuda Solomon Alkalay, Apostles of the Zionist Movement´'+. When he was 18 years the family has moved to Vienna. He follow the „aculty of Law in Vienna. After completing faculty a short time working at the Ministry of Justice of the Habsburg Empire after which, as a press correspondent of the newspaper "Neue „reie Presseơ (Vienna) to visit London, Paris Istanbul. Are of a literary columnist and religious point of view was not concerned about the destiny of Hebrew communities - until the outbreak of " Dreyfuss Affair" in „rance (Paris 1894). „or 10 years, this confrontation between pro-and anti-Semitism of the „rench. That fact will mobilize young journalist energy will trigger an action, in the beginning itself, and then collectively Return for Jews in Eretz Israel. è A few words about "Dreyfuss Affair ơ. Artillery Captain Alfred Dreyfuss, officer in the service of „rench intelligence (Bureau Two) is investigated, beginning with October 13 1894 on charge of being supplied intelligence service intelligence German. Although graphologic expertise a document with the data was not relevant intelligence and investigation was underway are leaking information to newspapers. In the October 29 start in the newspaper ƠLa Libre Parole " a press campaign to logs taken with anti-Semitic orientation as a means of pressure on the Army Staff of the „rench. On December 4 the War Council meets to judge this case. [1] ZIONISM APOSTLES - MOMENT O„ ZIONISM (I) Link Adress: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCjWIEsYQ1I

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Sentenced (22 November) and then degraded in public (5 January 1895) is being deported to Devil Island in „rench Guiana. His brother and a friend (writer Bernard Lazare) moves to start the review process. Member addresses to Jew deputy in „rench Parliament Joseph Reinah and the Great Rabbi of „rance Zadoc Kahn. Both adopt non involvement position. The initiators of the review process works without any support from the Jewish authority and opacity of the Ministry of War. The new investigator (mars 1896) Picquart, discovers the identity of a writing master Walsin „erdinand Esterhazy (known by his life Adventurous). War Ministry decided not to reopen the case. „inding of this fact, Bernard Lazare awareness goes to press in November 1986 by publishing the booklet "A miscarriage of justice - the truth Dreyfuss Affairơ. Issue review process reaches the „rench Senate, this time assisted by deputy Jew Joseph Reinah. The intellectuals of the caliber of Charles Péguy, André Gide, Marcel Proust, Daniel Halévy, Lucien Herr, Emile Zola, the „rench takes position to defend Dreyfuss. The population is divided into pros and cons Dreyfuss. In 1899, after various diversion to keep the allegations and the Esterhazy exempt by false statements and documents, before the trials, the Major State of „rench Army is forced to bring in detention in order to Reine trial on review. Alfred Dreyfuss is relieved of charges, but some time passes until you will be reintegrated in the army (21 July 1906). We fight in the „irst World War and will retire with the lieutenant colonel rank. With all that has been criticized by some leaders Hebrew obedience to his attitude, over those 12 years, man Dreyfuss has demonstrated a stoicism and respect for the law to honor them (especially since before this disaster in his personal life was rated as a brilliant military future of the Head Staff, gen. Boisfedre).

c èIn the beginning of the "Dreyfuss Affair" as a journalist in Paris, the position of èyoung Theodor Herzl is changed in the wave of anti-Semitism generated. Influenced by ideas of Rabbi Alkalay and he becomes a fervent fighter for thef Return of Jews in Eretz Israel. He understand that the ideas assmilation of Jews by the performance in a majority of each country (ideas promoted in the emancipation movement "Haskala" Jew in the community equal citizen in the society of the country) and hope that antiSemitism field is history and will not be repeated is illusory and counterproductive for the Hebrew people. The same ideas are shared and 6  0, which will meet in Paris at the beginning of the process Dreyfuss. Both share the belief that anti-Semitism is a universal fact. Assimilation that practiced the Hebrew is bankrupt; Return that in Eretz Israel and the formation of a Jew is the only way for the Jews. Become a friend and comrade of ideas and promotion of the Zionist movement, Theodor Herzl. è 6  0´'+ will an organizer of the first Zionist congress. At first Congress (1897) will be the secretary of Congress. In the speech was addressed to those present in the courtroom, he underline as a characteristic of Hebrew communities mess everywhere, not so much material - present more or less supportive of the misery existing in the majority population living in each community. Even in Western countries - Europe, declared the equality of Jews with the majority of the state, is accompanied by inducement of majority of the population that a Jew can have a sense of honor, sense of duty, patriotism and morality as they are. Arguments related to pre-existing feelings of hate a Jew. [1] 6  0was born in Budapest in 1849, the son of Gabriel Südfeld an Orthodox rabbi of Sephardi origin. „ollowing courses at primary school Hebrew, Catholic college and obtain licensee in Medicine. Is married to a Protestant Christian, and is set in Paris where he opened a medicine cabinet. At the same time is a writer and correspondent for the press.

c Emancipation of Jews in Western Europe has created a feeling among them that "Hebrew in the Ghetto" became a frustration their daily life where they suffered shame and humiliation. They forget that for hundreds of years he was a place of refuge and preserve spiritual and moral values of people ... Those who choose the path of assimilation, social and cultural, and want to be „rench, German ... before being considered Jew, believing in such a life of dignity and decent society in which the majority live. „rom this posture minimizes the manifestations of anti-Semitism that observed around him. But these phenomena, apparently more or less minor, while it induces a feeling misery moral, social support in the absence of the Hebrew native traditions which went on the road to assimilation. He asks Congress to find ways to build financial and educational structures able to achieve unity of Jewish spiritual recovery through education and training to regenerate links with local communities. Staff will remain in the future Congress, as president or vice president, promoting a democratic debate and decision making. In 1892 published his best known: "degeneration" which criticizes the so-called degenerate art based on the negative social effects that have rapid urbanization on the human body and psyche. Dies in 1923. èGiven to its pragmatic spirit, Theodor Herzl move to immediate action to raise Jews tycoons in Europe without too much success. Meeting with Belgian banker  40  , takes place in May 1895. è &  40 ,´'+ ,´'+ at 17 years employed in as a new employee to a strong bank "Bischoffsheim & Goldschmidt" in Brussels. Is performing in the company, but [1]  4 , was born in Munich, on 9.12.1831. Belonged to a family of bankers who claimed the Hebrew king Bavaria. The family received a rank of noble baron "von" Hirsch. They kept mosaic faith, they build a small synagogue in his own house. Here Moritz taught Jewish religious instruction and Ivrid language. School followed her to Munich, not to excel in the study.

c upswing is guaranteed marriage to Clara, daughter of the owner of the bank (1855). Soon set up its own bank and invest in building the railway sugar plantations, and mines copper. Use of a bankruptcy banker to take up the construction of railways in Turkish Empire and the Balkans, first connection with Middle Europe in 1883 by opening the railway Vienna - Constantinople. He Becomes very rich and popular in the High Life (such as friend of the Prince of Wales, future King Edward of England). „rom this position it will occupy the lives of indigent Jews bordering countries of Western Europe, subject to the restrictions of social origin (employment) and ethnic (anti-Semitism). He donated 1,000,000 francs (1873) to ƝAlliance Israelite Universelleƞ (Paris) to establish trade schools for Hebrew in the Balkans and in Turkey, the process continued through annual donations of 400,000 francs. In 1889 established a charitable fund in support of Hebrew refugees persecuted in the Russian Empire, which has benefited to a lesser or greater extent Hebrew 5,000,000 in Russia, Lithuania and Poland, located in the so-called "region Pale" (from that Jews were not allowed to leave at that time). This double tax and was not allowed to live in big cities. Bear successive pogroms they destroy homes, businesses and synagogues. „rom 1887 Jews are prohibited access to secondary education in the Pale. Hirsch proposes the amount of 50,000,000 francs to establish separate schools for Hebrew in the region but refused to stipulate that the conditions as these amounts are not defalcate from officials of Czarist empire. The „amilies of thousands of Hebrew flee to the Austro-Hungarian border, around the city Brod. Under these conditions Hirsch argues in 1891, ƝJewish Colonization Associationƞ (Jewish Colonization Association (JCA) in England) to support the Jewish colonization in Russia and elsewhere in Argentina will not be subjected to discrimination - in Europe, Asia, North America or South, for to

determine to make agricultural activities, commercial work of any kind. Send emissary c to buy land in Argentina, Canada. Intend to ensure the issue of Russian passports to the departure of 20,000 in first year Hebrew. JCA cover cost of travel to South America. Even though only about 7,000 Hebrew followed this road, was the first experiment of Hebrew pastoral life he has done it before being cast out of Israel (in section I and II of the first millennium). In the Europe accounts for the years 1880 1900, the population displacement from Pale to less restrictive areas (Poland, Ukraine, Austria-Hungary, Bucovina, Romania). In the North America, forming communities of Hebrew farmers in New Jersey, including the College of Agricultural and Hirsch. Will bequeath to his death (1899) $ 45,000,000 for Jewish colonization Association). è Meeting between Theodor Hertzl and Moritz de Hirsch is tough and without effect. Maybe the pride of Baron, von Hirsch, style may directly, and our ardent and directly style of young Herzl's protocol ... Anywhere it was a hope missed chance to joint two personalities, deep involved in ALYA´'+ of Jewish People. èTenacious, Theodor Herzl prepare, by November 1895, a meeting with English banker 000 ,,.0´ +7 He donated huge sums of money from its assets to buy land in Palestine. He established the first two Hebrew estates who cultivated large areas of vines: Rezhon Lezion, Zichron Yaakov (after the name of his grandfather). He financed the development of wine industry and economic development of settlements in the Middle East. ´'+ Term designating the return movement of Jewish People in the Reretz Israel land ´ + & 00&80 ,,.0 (19.08.1845-02.11.1934) was born in Paris in the family castle of „rench bankers Rothschild. Concerned with art, with a vast collection of paintings, many donated to Louvre Museum in Paris will be geared to support Jewish settlements in Erez Israel (1882), at great hardship..

„or this purpose he create "Association of Hebrew colonization of Palestine" (Palestine c Jewish colonization Association - PICA). After the first Zionist Congress in Basel, he will support the Zionist movement's own name, without being integrated directly in its organizational structure and politics. è „or this purpose write a draft for discussion, 64 pages, later called "Der Judenstaat" ("Hebrew State"). Meeting, in which Herzl proposes bankers to take over leadership of a large organization, all Jews, for the accumulation of financial assets and organization actions for Return in Eretz Israel. Rothschild say : 'What do you think that, with 100,000 ´'+ to rebuild a 'Country of Israel ?!'. Herzl's reply was: "Then I'll refer to schnorers´'+ schnorers people". And in this case was the result of failure of subjective attitudes of the two. Each will contribute decisively to the creation of theoretical bases, organizational (Herzl) or funding the training Eretz Israel (Rothschild). Another perspective, in both cases, it would be like to be! EffortEffort-will be played the whole Hebrew nation, from visionary Herzl, who followed him after the Basle Congress, and why not, the majority of financial and industrial Jews elite, who during the rally organized by the structure of Congress, contributing financially and logistically, on the road or one hundred years before the establishment of the State of Eretz Israel. That is an example of a concerted effort to be worthy of other people, to be applied, adapted to their own prosperity. „ailure of Rothschild meeting is compensated by the draft Ơder Judenstaatơ, which first published in Vienna on 14 „ebruary 1895, is spread with the speed of fire in all Jewish communities. „rom the young students of Hebrew in European capitals to the Russian Jewish communities (where it was copied by hand in thousands of copies). An example is -0., -0.,.. [1] Term designating those poor, are at the threshold of subsistence. At that time there were millions of Hebrew in Europe and Russia in that social state.

è -0.,´'+ with Max Bodenheimer will establish in the German c Colony locality, "Association for development of agriculture in the country of Israel" (under the local organization "Chovevei Zion"). Immediately after reading Herzl's book, will leave in Vienna to meet with the author. I joined them, traveling with him in 1888 in Constantinople and in Eretz Israel, meeting with Emperor Wilhelm II - century. Wolffsohn will become the first president of the Jewish Colonial Trust, which aimed at the accumulation of financial resources and their use in Eretz Israel for the purchase of land and Hebrew settlements implantation. After Herzl's death (1904), is elected president of the World Zionist Organization "until 1911. èö2, ö' 0ƞ Is so naturally, given the simple ideas, clear and revolutionary in the text. Anti-Semitism occurs wherever there is a significant number of Hebrew, is manifest not long after their presence at any place within the majority population. It is observed in various forms, from school, sports, business, religious intolerance, and even as a reason for self-defense of majority. It is a phenomenon that can not be offset in the local, regional, should be addressed by the countries in a Interstate Agreement.The The oppression and persecution could not exterminate the Hebrew. Integration of Jews in the place is not resolved by either waiving the Judaic tradition, imitation, assimilation, through mixed marriages. Jewish poverty problem, which is currently moving from one place to another in search of jobs is not resolved through individual philanthropy: they can be generated or generating antianti-Semitism. Anywere they emigrate, shortly Jews middle class accumulate economic power. [1] He was born in Lithuania, in the town Darbenai.

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Sooner or later most people will respond by induction of some forms of anti-Semitic behavior. Example is „rance (in just the first run, hysterical anti-Semitic, the ƝDreyfuss Affairƞ). è Jews must to Return in large numbers, their colonization in Eretz Israel to be assisted financially and logistically for the standard of living does not decreased for those who get there than in the place where they went. This can be achieved, financial and logistical, one philanthropist, for some. Organization is needed and sees as a corporation, accompanied by a "/ 2#1! " as a productive economic resources and management of their use. è Herzl describes the detailed operation and interpenetration between: the local community as the basic structure; Jewish society, as a body superior to all the communities through elected representatives; Hebrew Company : financial support to projects Return in a Jewish Eretz Israel. è In the chapter ".#!" Theodor Herzl describes the difficulty of massive migration, as to departure forbiddance psychologically (attachment to the place, neighbors, tombs, traditions). He propose to make immigration groups. Preparation groups will be in time "guide", each having a "district" and a committee of representatives designated for this purpose within each local community. Each family can choose, depending on the opportunities to emigrate. At the same time Hebrew Company will provide transport (train, boat) and accommodation space for the first period of settlement, in a group or individually, in Eretz Israel. Herzl put an emphasis on cooperation with local community Rabbis. Each group will have its Rabbi, its spiritual leader, who will receive regular information from the Hebrew Company, and will

c distribute and explain the Group members. Committee representatives will be led by Rabbis. Local groups will receive compensation for buildings and facilities free of reconstruction in the new country. The Philanthropic institutions should be included in a system which allows the complementarity of actions and funding. Education community, the meaning of training for productive activities in the new location will be coordinated by the "Hebrew Society" and supported the local community. Elderly population will be involved in activities, light feeling to have utility, along with the members. He write, finally: "We will do what's best to use moral force to the work of salvation of any man any age and class (social), and so our people will find new strength from working on his own ground seven hours a day. è "The Jews Society" is intended as a promoter of " 1 . ": a state that combines the concept of Rousseau on state as a social contract with the " 1 . / 2 " of Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai, "in the Conciliation Jasmina" (70-90). Type of organization should promote and convey the concepts of spiritual development, educational and organizational, uniform in all local communities. The Ơ/ 2 #1!" is a form of organization that aims to purchase land in Palestine. Also, as administrator of the Hebrew goods, regulates the conversion value of transferable assets (land, buildings, etc.) in the country of departure, the new location of Eretz Israel. Undertake and coordinate enterprises construction Hebrew workers, providing conditions for work (7 hours) and payment in kind and in cash. The „unds for those who can not work (pregnant women, children, elderly), funds for education, funds for selfdefense of the Jewish settlements. „acilitate trade in consumer goods inside and outside Jewish settlements in Palestine (Yishuv). It will facilitate investment in small industry, the rental of industrial and agricultural machinery.

c During the movements of groups of migrants Ɲ/ 2#1!ƞ will ensure all direct and indirect costs. è Rabinate reaction was, with some exceptions (eg the Grand Rabbi of Vienna) retained and sometimes laughably. Herzl was baptized as an "attic" of Retour in Holly Land. Since April 1896, when the English edition of the "/ 2 " are publish, Theodor Herzl is recognized as a leader of the Movement of Return in Eretz Israel ƛ Zionism Mouvement. " 0" (Ɲ/ 2 ö), assemble energy in Hebrew communities up-and across Europe, and Russia, the United States. èIn April 1896, Theodor Hertzl make first trip to Constantinople, by mediating the Grand Duke of Baden (who will assist in further efforts to further Jewish settlement of legal and purchase land in Palestine - under Ottoman Empire). This bears the first official talks with the Turks. On his return visit Hebrew community in Sofia, Vienna, Berlin, London ... Everywhere people it claims it receives and enthusiastically, with some reservations elite (it is the case, for example, Maccabees Group in London). „eeling that something terrible is about to happen Hebrew population abroad (which will become visible soon after 1904 - the Chisinau pogrom ´'+- Bessarabia and death of the Hebrew 6,000,000 in 35-45 years of XX century´ +) gives the energy to persevere. [1] The April 6 1904, a Russian child is found murdered in the town Dubossary. Local Anti Semitic Newspapers incite to revenge against the Jews on the grounds that it would be a ritual murder - the blood to produce matzot of Easter - that was after he was killed by a relative ... Between 7-9 April Hebrew community of Chishinau is devastated: 49 dead, 59 seriously wounded, 500 wounded, 700 houses destroyed. Is no Czarist authorities, intervention during the pogrom. Manifest disdain towards the Jews is doubled along the order they are used as valve for discontents of majority population against the inefficient administration of the empire, hunger and generalized social misery of the Russian Empire [2] The Schoah

è In July 1986 has a new meeting with Baron Edmond de Rothschild. The two ways: c infiltration at any price unlawfully (Edmond de Rothschild has applied this method since 1882 - first .!, leading to the establishment of the first rural settlement of Moshav), and immigration legal assistance by the Ottoman supported Herzl, not find a compromise formula. èIn the same period, start to organize Zionist movement with the support of Max Nordau Aryeh Leib Motzkin and Avraham Usishkin. „irst Organization: Ɲ2, ƞ in 1987. In March 1897 preparation Conference takes place. Congress to be held in Münhen. The opposition of German Rabbis Council determine the location change. è 9'()* 24 .0 &.:hotel gable which float on the white flag with blue stripes and Magen David (Star of the six corners of David), representatives of Jews from 16 countries discussed first plan to Return in Eretz Israel. The formation of &. .0   94, with the following coordinates: X The Systematic and programmatic support to the development of Jewish agricultural settlements, industrial and craftsmen. X The Unification of Hebrew organizations in the state of each country in accordance with the laws of that State. X Strengthening the spirit of individual conscience and national Jewry. X Preparation work for obtaining the various governments to accept and support the Zionist aim of Return in Eretz Israel. X „ormation of a Committee of Action, based in Vienna, which includes representatives of major Hebrew community.

X Max Bodeheimer proposes to establish a Bank and a .„0 .„0,, to centralize c and manage financial resources accruing from collective or individual donations. Professor Shapira proposes to establish a Hebrew University in Eretz Israel. He took being first Zionist Organization. It was sing the first hymn future status Hebrew (Hatikvah - Hope) lyrics by poet Naftali Herz Imber (1856 ƛ 1909´'+ 1909´'+)) and music of Bedrich Smetana. è Herzl consider getting a ƠInternational Agreementơ for Jewish settlement in Eretz Israel to be safe. He criticized illegal infiltrations (Aliya). This view has created confusion in dealing the Return. It will take place in fact, over the 41 years before the establishment of Israel, both ways: legal and illegal, according to the international political situation. è In June 1898, at his own expense set up weekly 5. 5.'' (The World), which discuss tactics in the political, social, educational and spiritual unification of the various linguistic communities in Europe, Russia and America, to support what Hebrew grant settlements in Eretz Israel. è In August 1898, is 0 #9 &.. &.. Within this formation was Ɲ2,#.. ƞ ƞ - coordination role with the amounts donated to the purchase of land, agricultural and industrial development, education, social assistance to those who are Return in Eretz Israel. è Theodor Herzl launched the concept of ",; ",;""- in response to hostile attitudes of some rabbis and Hebrew opinion leaders from Europe to New Zionist organizations. Provide the focus of attention and funding necessary to support the harmonization of the structures of educational communities. [1] Romanian Jew

è 0.11  in case of oppression by the "majority" population of state c oppression in any country (it had the immediate realities of the Russian Empire). This mode of organization and management of funds at the global level is the present "" of the Jews and at the same time, the !/ between 1.. and .

. Within Congress, the socialist leaders have requested representation in the organization's management. è In October 1898, Herzl arrives in Jerusalem lead a Zionist delegation, where they were members of the World Zionist Congress (including the David Wolffshon). Visit first ancestral lands. He is impressed by the vitality of the Hebrew people agricultural settlements. He is accompanied by a group of riders who protects him. They are hardy, healthy, work their land. Compare mental vitality and freedom with that of the Hebrew state in subsistence poverty, fear of pogroms, of thousands of Hebrew in Europe and Russia. Has a concrete vision that will mean for the hundreds of thousands of Hebrew Return in Eretz Israel and the way: that in the concerted efforts of Diaspora Jews to the accumulation of funds, purchase of land in Palestine and the spiritual reinforcement becoming free people in their own country. Emperor Wilhelm II - visiting the same area lead an official delegation of the German Empire in Turkey. Herzl's opportunity is to present its agricultural Hebrew estates. And are visited Jaffa Rishon Lezion, Ness Zion, Rehovot and Mikve Israel Agricultural School. è In March 1999 Ɲ2,#.. ƞ is registered in London as the bank shares. è In May 1899, Herzl made a new trip to Istanbul, where (through mediation of sister Sultan teacher) has a meeting with Sultan on buying land in Palestine (then integrated in the Ottoman Empire). Sultan asked him instead to cover the huge deficit of Turks treasury. Preparations made later Hebrew European bankers to create a joint fund for

this purpose fail (although subsequent Jews financial will implement separate funding c but without effect in terms of Herzl's idea). ,, #9 ,&. takes place in August 1899. Herzl makes a report on the steps and meetings with German officials (including King Wilhelm II to Jerusalem and from Constantinople). Even if it recognizes the efforts that had no practical effect, he insists the issue has increased in prestige 5  947#9 ö limited the use of funds to Palestine and Syria. Personnel and undemocratic way in which Herzl organization makes its decisions creates animosities among members of Congress, such as Asher Ginzberg (Ahad Ha Am). è 1900 and 1901 is an effort that sterile Zionist leader makes them the governments European and Ottoman and Russian empires. #9 0 (the „our - 1900) Herzl take action against the expatriation of thousands of Hebrew in Romania but did not mention the persecutions major Czarist Empire. He hopes that negotiations to allow Russian officials will give positive results. Rabbi are limiting Organization which require only the political issues (in order not to interfere with the field of spiritual and cultural with Rabbis). ,,&.#9  (December 1901) confirms the ineffectiveness of political contacts with the Ottoman Empire. „rames are formed in Congressional opposition to the way in which Theodor Herzl drive - called 'Democratic faction'. The group led by Leo Motzkin, Martin Buber and Chaim Weizmann require a focus on the achievement of a uniform culture and education among Hebrew communities. Also ask for democratization of the movement as a warning to single-member leadership of Herzl. The only concrete achievement, impact in the coming years will be statutory Jewish National „und (Ɲ2, .„0%  „ƞ), which had the objective of accumulating funds to purchase land in Palestina.

è Swan song of Herzl's visionary materializes in 1902 by publication in the October c 1902 essay '..0' (Ɲ ,.0ö). He describes a Jewish State with a European culture, with a developed social protection. To be a free country, with a complete freedom of religion, separate from political power, the Jews and non Jews have equal rights. Jew State is not a country of national oppression but a place where the feeling of brotherhood and equality will prevail. Immediate reaction will go from the fact that Herzl did not specify that the only language will be Ivrid. Ahad Ha Am became a fierce and constant critic of, Ɲcosmopolitan ideas' of the Herzl essay. è Year for 1902 -1903 are years of exploratory Herzl the British officials, Ottoman and Russian. Go to Russia to minimize the effects of anti Jews laws. It is received with great warmth and hope of the Jews in the area of Pale, with a grand reception in Vilnius. Caught between promises and false alternatives, on the one hand, and the increasingly poor Jews from Eastern Europe, the devastating pogroms subject and the lack of prospect of escape from the vicious circle, Herzl accepted the proposal of the Secretary British state for colonies, Joseph Chamberlain (October 1903), to establish a Hebrew State on the current territory of Uganda - as an immediate emigration of hundreds of thousands of Hebrew persecuted. The project is subject to the of Basel six Congress (December 1903). The Comments are highly contradictory. „rom the accusations of betrayal of ideals in motion to the idea that a solution would be like a 'night shelter' (Max Nordau). Resolution making the study, Ɲ90<.ƞ is passed by 295 votes to 178 against (all Russian Zionist delegates) and 98 abstentions. The prestige of Herzl's leadership will be seriously touched in the Congress. But its efforts on actions impendence large saving Jews from Eastern Europe recently are confirmed: Pogrom in Chisinau on 6 -7 April 1903. On April 6, a Russian child is found murdered in the town

Dubossary. Local Newspapers anti-Semitic incitement to revenge against the Jews on c the grounds that it would be a ritual murder - the blood to produce matzot of Easter that was after he was killed by a relative ... Between 7-9 April in Chisinau community is devastated: 49 dead, 59 seriously wounded, 500 wounded, 700 houses destroyed. Intervention is no Czarist authorities, during the pogrom.) Hertzl in its route from the Russian Empire in 1903, finds that all the promises are to form, manifest disdain towards the Jews is doubled along the order they are used as valve embezzlement discontent of the majority population towards inefficient administration empire, hunger and social misery of generalized Russian empire. Anti Czar Movements in Russia´'+ will finally grind Czarist empire to his fall in 1917. è 1904 - Sick and almost alone, Hertzl has a series of meetings: the Pope and King of Italy - in January, with the Zionist action ƛ in April (to settle conflicts in the Zionist Movement). He died in the sanatorium Badlach (Austria) of pneumonia at 44 years. The news came in all communities. Thousands Hebrews have taken the way of Vienna to be with their visionary leader in him last road. The Mortuary convey endless drain on the boulevards of Vienna, the Hebrew Cemetery Sephard Rite. The silent is crowd, when the body are fit in the grave, liven suddenly. Screaming with pain, Jews break their clothes on them; the cry of thousands of desperate people, while creating an unforgettable moment, that they will remember the friends and its enemies (as Stephen Tzveig writer and publicist Jew Austrian proponent of assimilation of Jews as and constant opponent of Herzl, assisting in the funeral recognized events in Jewish supreme evidence of the value of Herzl's symbol for millions of Hebrew Diaspora). [1] another pogrom, 19-20 October 1905, also in Chisinau, will result in the diversion of such riots, in which 19 Hebrew killed will be mistreated and 56 wounded

). Herzl was the first Jew who, after 1800 years, it take action and declare before the world that Jews are a people with rights of any nation, and continues through to convince millions Hebrew to follow him. A face in spite of evidence and contest of representatives Hebrew (spiritual or financial), following the vision of the organization until the Zionist Movement its materiality -  .0  94.

c

c       „    èTheodor Herzl was one of the few people in history to have not only predicted the future but he created it. It was the first Jew who, after 1800 years, it take action and declare before the world that Jews are a people with rights of any nation, and continues through to convince millions Hebrew to follow him. A Jew who is perfectly in the words of Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook 'Ʀand the reality of our lives, all began with Herzl. Some people called him a heretic. His writings do not reflect heresy, more than show that they had faith. He wrote in his diary: 'Our people can not be a nation without faith. Who thinks and says so is a man of faith ' è Theodor Hertzl had visions of saving his people from oppression and humiliation, after the immediate concrete situations (see the case Dreyfuss). He had the genius of the possible solutions. But many of his notable not have given us the vision rally danger that hover over their people, whether in Holocaust of the years '40 of the last century. èAfter the death of Theodor Herzl, Zionist way, for 41 years until the formation of Eretz Israel, will be coordinated through confrontation and cooperation between the three major Jewish current: the 1.., . ., the .9. è I recall the answer to the priest initiated the god Baal, the king Balak of Moabit, when invited to curses Hebrew tribes of Israel, out soon from Egyptian slavery: 5# 511./!.=2,39,,  5 (Numerii 23.9.)'.  >9,.". / April 2011-04-27

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