Modes Of Transportation Used In Cargo Handling

TRANSPORTATION MODES USED IN CARGO HANDLING Port and shipping industry are interrelated with each other,one can’t think about ships n shipping industry without ports and without shipping ports doesn’t have any commercial significance.ships may be large and small sea going vessel,it can carry passengers and cargo.but they need certain platforms for loading,unloding and maintanance of ship.so,they need ports. Ports are the place where ships can take on or discharge cargo.countries economy mainly depends upon shipping,in india,a large percent of foreign trade depends upon shipping.it goes upto 90% by volume n 70% by value. Trades between the country basically held up by shipping industry .shipping country is a commercial enterprise of moving cargos and passengers. The major trading done by the ships and the ports are cargo handling. Ships carry the cargo n delivers it through various mode of transportation. It includes road network,rail network and inland water network also.although,there are many modes of transport but for a good trade network shipping is atmost more up than other transport activities. EXPECTED GROWTH IN CARGO TRAFFICING

• 2009-10 5.2% pa • 2010-11 • 2011-12 7.7% pa •

In 2009-10, it is estimated cargo traffic will be 5.2% pa.it will improve further in 2010-11.

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In 2011-12 it is estimated traffic will be by 7.7% pa . The most widely used modes for freight transport are Sea (40,000 bn ton km), followed by Road (7,000), Railways (6,500), Oil pipelines (2,000) and Inland Navigation (1,500)

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WAYS OF TRANSPORT: CONVENTIONAL WAYS AIRWAYS ROADWAYS RAILWAYS WATERWAYS PIPELINE

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WAYS OF TRANSPORT: CONVENTIONAL MODE

It is the earliest mode of transport,it is mainly of two types:-

1. Animal powered 2. Man powered

ANIMAL POWERED

This means of transport is used in every era with some modifications,firstly through animals like horses,donkeys and camels etc,then after some times carts has been introduced.such as bullock cart,camell cart,chariot and sledge.

MAN POWERED:

This is done through the muscle power.they usually carry cargo through rickshaw,sledge,boards and hands. CAPACITY – 20kg to 100 kg

AIRWAYS It is the fastest mode of transport. It is the costly means of transport . Valuable and urgent cargos sent through it. It includes aircraft and helicopters,rockets and jets.

AIRCRAFTS

It gives fastest medium to discharging and loading of cargo. It is commonly used in carrying passengers and cargos. In war it plays a vital role. It carries huge amount of cargo(perishable goods,electronic items,valuble items,antiquetees etc.

HELICOPTER

They play very vital role in transporting cargo. They used as a public transport too. It is used in rescue operations on a wider scale.

ROADWAY

The most used n have network all over the

countries. it is used in many purposes. Mainly cargo handeling in roadways done through vehicles or commonly said as trucks. They carry cargo from ports and railways,discharged it on desired location.

TYPES OF TRUCKS: TRUCKS PLAYS VITAL ROLE IN LIFTING CARGO.THEY USUALLY CARRY UNDER ROAD TRANSPORT.

1.HEAVY TRUCK 2.MEDIUM TRUCK 3.LIGHT TRUCK 4.MINI TRUCK HEAVY TRUCKS Heavy hauler: A heavy hauler is a very large transporter for moving oversize loads which are too large to go on a highway without an escort and special permit.this ship usually involve in carrying goods from General-cargo ships and from refer usually carrying steel,pipes,ores,small cars and perishable goods too. CAPACITY: 2000 tonns.

Ballast tractor:

A ballast tractor is a heavy haulage road vehicle designed to pull or push heavy or exceptionally large loads the ballast tractor is designed or adapted to pull or push loads from a drawba .it carry cargo from refer,barge carrying ships etc. CAPACITY: 200 tonns.

Dump truck:

A dump truck or production truck is a truck used for transporting loose material (such as sand , gravel, or dirt ) for construction ,it carry cargos from port n take it to the desired station. CAPACITY: 26 and 27 tons. And capable of carrying 3-5 loads per day. Semi-trailer truck:

A semi-trailer truck, also known as tractor-trailer articulated truck Nor articulated lorry, often abbreviated to artic, is an articulated vehicle consisting of a towing engine and a semi-trailer (plus possible additional trailers) that carries the freight. CAPACITY:

many countries permitted to carry around 60 tonns.

Tank truck:

A tank truck or tanker lorry is a motor vehicle designed to carry liquefied loads, dry bulk cargo or gases on roads. The largest such vehicles are similar to railroad tank cars which are also designed to carry. CAPACITY: ranging from 5,500 gallons (20,820 litres) to 9,000 gallons (34,069 litres).

MEDIUM TRUCKS Box truck:

A box truck, also known as a cube truck, cube van, bob truck, box van, or straight truck, is a truck with a cube -shaped cargo area. Box trucks are usually used by companies that need to haul appliances or furniture. They are also used as moving trucks. Cutaway van chassis:

Cutaway van chassis are used by second stage manufacturers for a wide range of completed motor vehicles, these are incomplete vehicles, a second stage manufacturer adds specific equipment and completes the vehicles. Seating capacity of between 8 - 30 seats. MINI TRUCKS: these trucks are very small in size comparitive to other trucks. KEY TRUCK:

A Kei truck, or Japanese mini truck is a tiny but practical pickup truck available in RWD or 4WD version, built to satisfy the Japanese keijidōsha statutory class of light vehicles. LIGHT TRUCKS :

Minivan:

A minivan, multi-purpose vehicle (abbreviated MPV), people-carrier, people-mover or multi-utility vehicle (shortened MUV) is a type of automobile similar in shape to a van that is designed for personal use. Minivans are usually between 1,600–1,800 millimetres (63–71 in) tall, which is around 200 mm (7.9 in).

Pickup truck:

A pickup truck is a light motor vehicle with an open-top rear cargo area (bed) which is almost always separated from the cab to allow for chassis flex when carrying or pulling heavy loads. liquefied loads. CAPACITY: 250 kg (551 lb). Tow truck:

A tow truck (also called a wrecker, a breakdown truck, recovery truck or a breakdown lorry), is a vehicle used to transport motor vehicles to another location (generally a repair garage),or to recover vehicles which are no longer on a drivable surface.

RAILWAYS

Railways are one of the most appreciated and reliable mode of transport. It is broadly agreed that is the safest mode of transport. Railways have a wide network so it carries wide variety of cargos,contarized cargos etc. It is also used as a passenger carrier.

WATERWAYS A countries trade basically depends upon shipping. 95% by volume and 70% by value countries trade depends upon it. There are many types of ships has been introduced to carry different types of cargo. Inland water transport also plays role in inter state trade module.

TYPES OF SHIPS There are different types of ships used for handling wide variety of cargo.

1.General-cargo ships 2.Reefer 3.Timber carriers 4.Containerships 5.Barge-carrying ships (lighter ships) 6.Ro-ro ships 7.Bulk-carriers (bulkers) 8.Heavy-cargo ships 9.Cattleships GENERAL CARGO SHIPS

1.Now a days these ships are not Built on large scale but in small quantities. 2.No. of decks may be one,two or may be multi deck. 3.General cargo includes items which are packed (boxes, barrels,bags, packages) or not packed (pipes, bricks, machinery, rolls of wire). 4.Their carrying capacity is 4,000-6,000 t on average and may reach 16,000 - 20,000 t.

REEFER:

They usually used to transport perishable foods such as vegetable,dairy,meatsand fruits etc. Their carrying capacity is 8,000 – 12,000 tonns. They sail at 18-22 knots more than general cargo ships because for faster delivery of goods. They holds good heat and freezing insulation at a temperature varying from -25 C to +13 C depending on the type of cargo.

TIMBER CARRIER: single-decked ships designed to carry logs and beams. carrying capacity is in between 5,000 - 20,000 t. speed - 13-15 knots

CONTAINERSHIPS:

These ships basically carries containers so they are called containership. In the container,cargo like chemicals and acids, textile, instruments and metals, TV sets, radios and computers, even cars are transported.

carrying capacity - 8,000-15,000 t on average and 25,000-30,000 t for big containerships. The higher speed is of 20-26 knots..

BARGE CARRYING SHIPS:

Cargo is carried in floating containers, also referred to as barges or lighters. Their carrying capacity is 375 t - 1050 t.

RO-RO SHIPS:

used for transporting motor vehicles and other wheeled equipment. cargo is carried on wheeled containers or trailers. average speed is 22 knots. They usually have 2-6 decks. Their common representative is cars,trucksetc.

BULK CARRIERS(BULKERS):

It is designed to carry loose goods. About 70% of all the shipments carried by sea.

speed - 14 - 16 knots capacity between 30,000 t -150,000 t Heavy bulk-carriers usually transport ore , coal and coke, building materials, such as cement and gravel.

HEAVY CARRIER SHIPS:

designed to carry cranes, oil drills, machinery for factories and power stations, equipment for heavy industry and other cargo weighing 700-1000 t.

CATTLESHIP: - as the name implies, these ships transport cattle.

PIPELINE :

pipeline basically used in carrying crude oil and gases.it is cheapest and safer way of handling crude oil,LPG etc. comparative to other mediums. THERE ARE MANY TYPE OF MEDIUM WHICH CAN TRAVEL ON LAND AND WATER,

HOVERCRAFT:

It is a craft capable of traveling over relatively smooth surfaces supported by a cushion of slow moving, high-pressure air, ejected against the surface below, and contained within a "skirt."