Mod D Crash Dynamics Winter04wppq

Standardized Child Passenger Safety Training Program Winter 2004

Crash Dynamics

Objectives • Explain and relate Newton’s Law of Motion • Explain the concept of crash forces • Describe the three collisions that occur in a crash • List the four types of crashes

Crash Dynamics - 2

Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

Objectives • Describe what happens to unrestrained occupants during the four types of crashes • Describe five ways restraints prevent or minimize injury • Discuss why some crashes are unsurvivable • Refute common myths Crash Dynamics - 3

Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

Newton’s Law Of Motion • An object in motion remains in motion at the original speed until acted on by an outside force. • The outside force… - Can be harmful (e.g., the steering wheel, windshield, pavement, etc.) - Can be designed to protect (e.g., safety belt or CRS)

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Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

Crash Forces Approximation For Parents: Weig ht X Sp eed = Restra inin g Forc e

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Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

A rule of thumb formula to estimate crash forces in a crash is…? B) Stopping distance X weight of object struck C) Individual’s weight X stopping distance D) Pre-crash speed X Stopping distance E) An individual’s weight X pre-crash speed

Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

A rule of thumb formula to estimate crash forces in a crash is…? • • • •

Stopping distance X weight of object struck Individual’s weight X stopping distance Pre-crash speed X Stopping distance An individual’s weight X pre-crash speed

Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

Three Collisions in a Crash 1st: Vehicle Collision 2nd: Human Collision 3rd: Internal Collision 1st

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2nd

3rd

Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

Types of Crashes • Frontal • Lateral (Side Impact) • Rear-end • Rollover

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Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

Frontal Crashes • Most frequent type, but not necessarily most severe • Common injuries to unrestrained occupants: - Fractures of the skull,

spine, & ribs - Cuts and bruises to the head & face - Injuries to larynx, liver, & spleen Crash Dynamics - 8

Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

Lateral (Side Impact) Crashes • Typically the most deadly type of crash due to less crush space • Minor differences in # of fatalities between left & right side • Common injuries include: - Chest & pelvic injuries - Facial and skull fractures Crash Dynamics - 9

Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

Rear-end Crashes • Usually less severe • Common injuries include - Cervical fractures - Stretching/tearing of neck ligaments and tendons (whiplash) - Properly set head restraint can decrease risk of injury

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Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

Rollovers • Rollovers = Side to side & vaults • Severity of injury depends upon number of rotations etc. • Often cause ejection • Ejected occupants are 4 times more likely to be killed

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Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

All Crashes and Non-Collisions • Non-collisions = spins, skids, swerves and emergency braking • Common causes of injuries: - Ejection through windows or doors - Collision with other occupants - Impact with the vehicle interior

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Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

5 Ways Restraints Prevent Injury: 1. Prevent ejection 2. Contact the strongest parts of the body 3. Spread forces over a wide area of the body 4. Help the body to “ride down” the crash 5. Protect the head and spinal cord

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Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

An example of an internal collision is…? B) The passenger striking the windshield C) The liver striking the ribs D) The driver striking an internal part of the vehicle E) A tree limb protruding through the windshield

Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

An example of an internal collision is…? • • • •

The passenger striking the windshield The liver striking the ribs The driver striking an internal part of the vehicle A tree limb protruding through the windshield

Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

The primary purpose of a seat belt is to….? A) Seat belts prevent injury to internal organs B) Seat belts slow down body movement during a crash C) Seat belts prevent ejection D) Seat belts reduce whiplash

Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

The primary purpose of a seat belt is to….? • • • •

Seat belts prevent injury to internal organs Seat belts slow down body movement during a crash Seat belts prevent ejection Seat belts reduce whiplash

Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

Unsurvivable Crashes • Restraint systems are designed to protect from crash forces most likely to occur • Many factors determine injury outcome (size, weight and speed) • Seat belts and airbags or CRS = Best chance of survi val

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Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004

More info on using the interactive clickers can be found at:

www.clickersystems.com

Standardized CPS Training Program - Winter 2004