Microsoft Word - Media& Law

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jypfrq + ikd &f musix fh ;Hk Oya' yk'rf = 480 (1) ( rxDrjJh rifjyKvkyo f nft h r+ tcsKd@wiG f vku d ef m&efusix fh ;Hk ) wGif “ jypfrq + ikd &f m Oya'yk'rf = 175 / yk'rf =178/ yk'rf 179/ yk'rf 180 okd@r[kwf yk'rf = 228 wGiaf zmfjy xm;aom jypfrr+ sK;d udk w&m;r/ &mZ0wf odk@r[kwf tcGe&f ;kH w&k;H &k;H . a&S@arSmufwiG jf zpfap/ jrifomonfah e&m wGijf zpfap/ usL;vGecf v Jh #if tqkyd gw&m;&k;H onf jypfru + sL;vGeo f u l dk tcsKyfEiS fh xde;f xm;ekid o f nf? xkd@jyif rdro d ifo h nf xifjrifv#if xkad e@&;kH rqif;rD rnfonft h csed rf qdk jypfru + dk ta&;,l_yD; jypfru + sL;vGeo f u l kd usyEf pS &f mxufrydak om aiG'%fwyf&u dk ef idk o f nf? xkd@jyifaiG'%faqmif&efysuu f u G o f dk@r[kwf ,if;aiG'%f raqmifv#iw f vtxd tvkyfraJh xmif'%fcsrw S ef ikd o f nf[k zGiq fh x kd m;ojzifh wpfvxufydkonfh axmif'%frsm; csrw S af ejcif;rSm jypfru + six fh ;Hk Oya'udv k ;Hk 0 csKd ;azmuf&musygonf? w&m;&k;H tm; rxDrjJh rifjyKr+ tufOya' yk'rf 3 t&csrw S cf o Jh nfh oufqikd &f m pD&ifx;Hk udk wifjy&v#if = “ a':at;-unfEiS fh OD;0if;armif= yg 4” 1986 ckEpS f jypfrq + dki&f m taxGaxGav#mufvm$ trSwf 122 qH;k jzwfcsuf ? ? tr+EiS fh qufpyfaeonft h a-umif;tcsurf sm; pH;k prf;ppfaq;yHrk sm;udk trsm;jynfow l kd@awG@ jrifzwf&eSl idk af om r*~Zif;xJwiG f jzpf&yfreS rf sm;jzpfa-umif; a&;om;cJjh cif;onf w&m;&k;H u tr+udk wpHw k &m tqH;k tjzwfay;onfh oabmoufa&mufaeonft h wGuf w&m;pD&ifq;kH jzwfrv + yk if ef;udk wenf;r[kwf wenf; taESmift h ,Sujf yK&ma&mufonf[k qdek ikd af yonf? txufyg oH;k oyfawG@&cSd surf sm;t& TtaxGaxGavsmufvm$ udk cGijfh yK_yD; av#mufxm;cH&ol OD;0if;aomf/ OD;-unf0if;/ OD;ol&atmifEiS fh OD;armifarmifvrS sKd; wdk@tm; 1926 ckEpS f w&m;&k;H rsm; rxDrjhJ rifjyKr+ tufOya' yk'rf 3 t&/ '%faiGusyf 500 (usyif g;&mwdw)d pD toD;oD;ay;aqmif-uap&ef/ '%faiGaqmif&efysuu f u G yf gu tvkyrf aJh xmif'%f wpfv pDusc-H uap&ef trdef@csrw S v f u kd yf gonf =[kq;Hk jzwfx;Hk zJG@_yD;om;&So d nf? w&m;&k;H . pD&ifx;Hk A[kow k rsm;udv k nf; owif;rD', D morm;rsm; od&x Sd m;&efvt dk yfygonf/? jrefrmEkid if t H pk;d &. owif;rD'D,mOya'rsm;udv k nf; wpkw H &mod&&Sd efvt dk yfayonf?1962ykEH ySdf o f l rsm;eSix fh w k af 0olrsm;rSwyf w kH ifOya'yk'rf / 16/18 /17 / 19ESiyfh k'rf 20wkd@uEdk idk fiaH wmfjidr0f yfyjd ym;rSKwnfaqmuf a&;tzGJ@Oya'trSwf 16§8 9 jzifah tmufygtwkid ;f jyifqif cJyh gonf/? 1962 ckEpS yf EkH ySd o f rl sm;ESix fh w k af 0olrsm; rSwyf w kH ifOya'wGif 2 =(u)yk'rf 16 ESiyfh k'rf 18 wkd@wiG yf g&aSd om ok;H ESpx f ufrydak om axmif'%fjzpfap usyEf pS af xmifwufrydak omaiG'%fjzpfap '%fEpS cf u k jdk zpfap qdo k nfph um;&yfrsm;tpm; axmif'%f 5ESpjf zpfap/ ten;fq;kH aiG'%ff usy2f 000rStrsm;qku H syf 20000 txdjzpfap '%fEpS &f yfv;kH jzpfapcsrw S &f rnf qko d nfph um;&yfrsm;jzift h pm;xd;k &rnf? (c) yk'rf 17/19ESiyfh 'k rf 20wdk@wGiyf g&aSd om ok;H ESpx f ufrydak omaxmif'%fjzpfap / usyEf pS af xmifxufrydak om aiG'%fjzpfap '%fEpS &f yfv;kH jzpfap qko d nfph um;&yfrsm;tpm;tenf;qk;H axmif'%f wpfEpS rf S trsm;qk;H axmif'%fig;ESpjf zpfap/tenf;qk;H aiG'%f usy3f 000 rStrsm;qk;H aiG'%fusy3f 0000txdjzpfap '%fEpS &f yfv;kH jzpfap qko d nfph um;&yfrsm;jzifh tpm;xd;k &rnf? [kazmfjyxm;ojzifh txufygaz:jycsuf yk'rf 2(u) t& 3ESpu f dk ig;ESpftxdjypf'%fw;dk jrSix fh m;onfu-dk unfjh cif;tm;jzifh zdEySd &f ufpufrKS ydrk v dk ma-umif; rd', D mrsm;udx k ed ;f csKyfrKS ydrk v dk ma-umif;awG@&&Sd ayonf? 1996ckEpS f e/0/w Oya'trSwf 8 = &kyjf rifo-H um;ESifh AD', D kd Oya' tcef;=9 jypfrKS ESijfh ypf'%frsm; 3

yk'rf =31t&axmif'%f 3ESpftxd[jk yXmef;xm;onf?xdk@jyif 1996ckEpS f e/0/wOya'trSwf =9 (9§96) &ky&f iS f Oya'yg jypfrKS ESijfh ypf'%frsm;tcef; =6 yk'rf =33 t& axmif'%f1ESpyf 'k rf =34 t&axmif'%f 1vxdcsrw S Ef ikd af -umif;vnf;jyXmef;xm;ygonf?4if;jyif= e0w Oya'trSwf (10§96)uGeyf sLwmenf;ynmzGH@jzdK;a&; Oya' ygtcef;(10)jypfrKS ESijfh ypf'%frsm; yk'rf =31 t& tenf;qk;H 7ESprf S trsm;qk;H 15ESpt f xdcsrw S &f rnft h jyif aiG'%fvnf;csrw S Ef dkio f nf[jk yXmef; xm;onfrsm;udv k nf;awG@&&Sd ayonf? rsuaf rSmufumvwGif wdik ;f oljynfom;rsm;ESifh rD', D morm;rsm;/bavmfumrsm;/ tEkynm&Sirf sm;udk zdp;D ESyd pf uf ESp&f n S jf ypf'%frsm;csrw S v f su&f adS om e/t/z Oya'trSw=f 5§2004 tDvufxa&mepfqufo, G f aqmif&u G af &;Oya' =tcef;12 jypfrKS ESijfh ypf'%frsm;yk'rf =33wGif rnforl qdk tDvufxa&mepfqufo, G f aqmif&u G af &;enf;ynmrsm;udt k ok;H jyKI atmufygjyKvkyrf KS w&yf&yfuu kd sL;vGeaf -umif;jypfrKS xif&mS ;pD&ifjf cif; cH&vSsif xdo k u l adk xmif'%ftenf;qk;H =&ESprf t S rsm;qk;H axmif'%f= 15 ESpt f xdcsrw S &f rnft h jyif aiG'%fvnf;csrw S Ef dkio f nf? (u) Edik if aH wmf. vkjH cKHa&;/w&m;Oya'pk;d rd;k a&;ESiefh ,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&; wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nDnw G af &; Edik if aH wmf. pD;yGm;a&; okd@r[kwf trsK;dom;,Ofaus;rSKudx k cd u kd af ponfh jyKvkyrf KS wpf&yf&yfudk udjk yKvkyjf cif;/ (c) Edik if aH wmf. vkjH cHKa&; w&m;Oya'pk;d rd;k a&;ESiefh ,fajrat;csr;f om,ma&; / wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nDnw G af &;/ Edik if aH wmf. trsK;d om;,Ofaus;rSKESifh pyfvsO;f onfh Edik if aH wmf. vsKd@0u S cf suEf iS o fh ufqidk af om owif;tcsut f vufw&yf&yfudk &,ljcif; odkd@r[kwf ay;ykd@jzef@csjd cif;?[kaz:jyxm;onf? yk'rf =34wGiv f nf; jypfrx Sk if&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&vSsif xdo k t l m;axmif'%f5ESpf txdjypf'%f jzpfap/ aiG'%fjzpfap/'%fEpS &f yfv;kH jzpfap csrw S &f rnf[ak z:jyxm;ygonf? rsuaf rSmufumv zrf;qD;ta&;,laxmifcsxm;olrsm;udk txufygy'k rf rsm;jzifh axmif'%f 15ESpt f xdcsrw S x f m;onfrsm;ukv d nf;awG@&ygonf// Oya' aemufxyf rwd;k vdu k yf geJh ol@tar a-umufwwf wJh trsKd ;[mrdk@ vdk@ atmf&rvdjk zpfvmonf? ,ae@acwfwiG f vl@tcGit fh a&;qdo k nfrmS vlom;wdk@twGuv f eG pf mG ta&;-uD;ayonf?vl@tcGit fh a&; qd&k rkH SsEiS fh vl@tzGJ@tpnf;udu k m; xdcu kd I f r&ay?wpfO;D wpfa,mufutjcm;olwpfO;D wpfa,muf. yk*v ~ u d tcGit fh a&;udk xdcu dk af tmifjyKrlaqmif&u G v f monft h ajctaersK;d wGif pHxm;csuw f ckuo dk wfrw S &f efvt dk yf vmygonf?yk*v ~ u d vGwv f yfcGiEhf iS t fh wl pme,fZif;vGwv f yfciG u fh v kd nf; txl;tav;xm;&efvt dk yfygonf? yk*v ~ u d vGwv f yfciG u fh dk a&S@wef;wifveG ;f onfh vl@tzGt J pnf;wGif vlom;[email protected] wfov D rsm;avsmyh g;us qif;vm&onfrmS "rRwmjzpfonf?pme,fZif;orm;rsm;rSmvnf;pme,fZif;usi0fh wf azmufzsuo f rl sm;rsm;vm aoma-umifh pme,fZif;rsm;tay: jynfov l x l . k ,k-H unfu;kd pm;rSK wae@wjcm; usqif;oxufusqif;vm cJ@onft h jzpfrsL;d tar&duefEidk firH mS &Scd yJh gonf? jynfov l x l k odcsio f nfrsm;ukd a&;om;jyonft h cgwiG f tajccHusi0fh wf ajcmufyg;&So d nf[k owif; pmq&mrsm;u owfrw S cf -Jh uygonf? 1/ wm0eford KS 2/ owif;pmvGwv f yfciG fh 3/ vGwv f yfrKS 4/ rSeu f efrKS ESiw fh u d srKS 5/ rsuEf mS omay;rSKuif;&Si;f jcif; 6/ rSswrSK&Sjd cif; wdk@onf tedrq fh ;kH vkt d yfcsurf sm;jzpfa-umif;od&&Sd ygonf? 4

1958 ckEpS rf sm;twGi;f wGif jrefrmEkdiif o H wif;axmufrsm; toif;(BRA)ESifh jrefrmEdik if o H wif;pmq&mrsm;toif;(BJA) wdk@u ud, k f@toif;ESiu fh , kd f owfrw S x f m;onfh usi0fh wfpnf;urf;rsm; &Scd yJh gonf? pme,fZif;tm;vk;H tusK;H 0ifonfh pnf;urf;usi0fh wfqo kd nfudk 1962 ckEpS w f iG zf GJ@pnf;onfh BPC (Burma Press Council) “jrefrmedik if pH me,fZif;aumifpD ” vufxufusrS ay:ayguv f mjcif;jzpfygonf? 4if;pme,fZif;usi0fh wf 11 yg;onf pme,fZif;orm;rsm;tm;vk;H twGurf jzpfraeapmifx h ed ;f vku d ef m&rnfph nf;urf;csurf sm;jzpfygonf? owif;pmorm;rsm;onf trSew f &m;udk apmifah &Smuforl sm;jzpfaoma-umifh trSew f &m;udak pmifah &Smuf zdk@twGuf wjcm;trSew f &m;udak pmifah &Smufonfh tzGJ@tpnf;w&yfjzpfonfh w&m;&k;H rsm;ESix fh yd w f u dk af wG@vmonfh tjzpfrsK;d -uHKawG@&avh&ySd gonf? Oyrmtaejzifh jy&ygv#i=f &efuek w f uUov kd f ausmif;om;armifatmifqef; t,f'w D marmifatmifqef;onf “i&JacG;-uD;vGwaf eonf” qdo k nfah qmif;yg;a&;oludk raz:xkwo f nft h wGuf ausmif;xkwcf o H mG ;&jcif; jzpfonf?owif;pmvGwv f yfcGiq fh o kd nfrmS owif;pmrsm;. tusK;d pD;yGm;twGurf so S mr[kwf u|eyfk w f dk@tm;vk;H .tusK;d pD;yGm;twGuv f nf;jzpfayonf[w k &m;vGwaf wmfcsKyfu pD&ifx;kH jyKcJo h nfrsm;&Syd gonf? udv k edk iD &JacG;ukd wdu k cf o Jh nfh armifatmifqef;rSm uGES ykf w f dk@. trsK;dom;vGwaf jrmufa&; acgi;f aqmif-uD;OD;atmifqef;yifr[kwyf gavm?owif;pme,fZif;rsm;onf jynf-uD;vuf&;kH qko d nfo h abmu Ekid if &hH efp, G f &efajimifrh eS o f rsu S dk jynfov l x l ak &S@u rm;rm;rwfrwf &yfwnfjyD; &ifqidk -f uzdk@jzpfygonf? trSew f &m;udk az:xkww f ifjyjcif;onf owif;pmorm;wdk@. t"du wm0efjzpfonft h wGuf wykid ;f wptrSeu f o dk m wifjyEdik jf cif;onfwm0efraus&m jzpfvmygonf// owif;trSeq f w dk m jzpfonft h wdik ;f jrifonft h wkid ;f -um;onft h wkid ;f wifjy&rnfqadk omfvnf; wcgwavwGif jzpfwmjrifwm -um;wm rsm;. aemufu, G f wGif wu,fo h wif;jrSKyfaewmrsK;d &Sw d wf-uygonf? awmfvnf;awmf aumif;vnf;aumif;wJ o h wif;axmuf awG[m jrSKyfaewJt h csut f vufawGudk tjrJowd&zSd kd@vt dk yfygonf? Oya'&Jt h xufrmS b,forl rS &dSb;l qdw k Jh usi0fh wfpnf;urf;csufawGut dk jrJEv S ;kH oGi;f zkd@vt kd yfygonf? pme,fZif;rD', D mrsm;. wm0efrmS tjzpftysuu f jdk zpf&ifjzpfwt Jh wdik ;f jrif&ifjrifwt Jh wdik ;f rSew f m udjk yefa&;jyzdk@wm0ef&ySd gonf? t"duta&;t-uD;qk;H rSm&k;d om;rSK&Szd kd@jzpfonf?TonfrmS tjzpftysut f csuf tvuf TonfrmS xifjrif,q l csuf [k&;dk om;rSeu f efpmG a&;om; xkwaf z:jyozdk@jzpfygonf? qifajc aygiu f sKd ;rsm;ay;jyD; rSm;onfrsm;ukd umuG,&f ef rnfonft h cgrsm;rS r-udK;pm;oifyh g? r-udK;pm;tyfyg? owif;"mwfyakH z:jyrSKESiyfh wfowfIvnf; cGijfh yKcsuaf wmif;&efvt kd yfonfrsm;&So d vkd atmufygupd P rsm;wGicf iG jfh yKcsuaf wmif;&efrvdt k yfbJ vGwv f yfpmG "mwfy&kH u kd , f cl iG fh &Syd gonf =[k,rkd , D &lS ;D &Si;f bGe;f owif;pm wdu k f wGif 1982 ckEpS u f csrw S x f m;wJh vrf;nGecf suw f iG f az:jyxm;ygonf? (u) trsm;jynfov l x l Ek iS fhqufpyfywfowfrKS wenf;r[kww f enf; &So d rl sm;(Ekid if aH &;acgi;f aqmif rsm; /pD;yGma&;vkyif ef;&Sirf sm; / tzGJ@tpnf;acgi;f aqmifrsm;) (c) jynfov l x l t k rsm; pdw0f ifwpm;&S-d uonft h jypftysurf sm;ESifh ouf qdik f ywfoufr+ &Sdorl sm; (ab;qd;k uyfq;dk rsm;&mZ0wf r+cif;rsm;) (*) rdru d , kd w f idk f urdr. d yk*v ~ u d vGwv f yfciG u fh pdk eG f@vw G x f m;okrsm;? (Oyrm=vltrsm;a&S@wiG af [majymwwforl sm;/Zmwfobifrsm;) (pme,fZifi;f usi0fh wf=vlxOk ;D pde0f if;/ pm=121) b,fvkd tajctaersK;d yifjzpfygap ck;d a-umifc;dk 0Sujf zifh "mwfy&kH u kd , f jl cif; /Oya'udk csK;dazmufI"mwfy&kH u dk f ,ljcif;ponfrh sm;ukrd jyKvky&f ef vdt k yfonf[ak z:jyxm;onfuadk wG@&&Sd ygonf?

5

"mwfyrkH sm;udk oufaocHOya'wGiyf 'k rf = 62t& rlvoufaocHcsurf sm;tjzpfw&m;&k;H rsm;uvufcH xm;-uygonf? oufaocHOya' yk'rf = 63 wGiv f nf; 'kw, d wqifo h ufaocHcsut f jzpf“rl&if;wckr&S u kd u f ;l xm;aom "mwfykH onf 4if;&dku, f x l m;aom t&mrSmrl&if;jzpfa-umif; xif&mS ;vSsif rl&if;wGiyf g&aSd omtcsuf rsm;. 'kw, d wqifah xmufcHcsujf zpfonf? rSeu f efa-umif;oufaocHvufrw S af &;xk;d xm;aom rdwLW rsm; onfvnf;'kw, d wqifo h ufaocHcsurf sm;jzpfonf[Ok ya't&vufc&H ygonf? “armifoed ;f ZHEiS jfh ynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if ”H pD&ifx;kH = 1956 rwp w&m;v$waf wmf pm=303wGif “rl&if;pmuko d ufaoxif&mS ;rjyEkid v f Ssif rl&if;rS"mwfy&kH u dk x f m;aom rdwLW onf oufaocHr0if[”k qk;H jzwf xm;ygonf? owif;rD', D mvkyif ef;vkyu f idk af eolrsm;taejzifh xdu k o Jh kd@aomOya'rsm;udt k av;xm;&efvt kd yf ygonf? “vdrv f nf&eftvdk@imS vdrv f nftwkjyKrSK ”udk usL;vGev f Ssif jypfrKS Oya' &mZowf-uD; yk'fr 468t& (7)ESpx f ad xmif'%fcsrw S jf cif;udk cH&ygrnf? olwyg;. *k%u f dk xdcu dk ef pfemap&ef tvdk@imS vdrv f nftwkjyKrSKukd usL;vGev f Ssif axmif'%f 3 ESpf ESifhaiG'%fvnf;csrw S Ef idk o f nf[jk yXmef;xm;ygonf? olwyg;.*k%o f a&udx k cd u kd ef pfemapvsiv f nf;jypfrKS Oya'yk'rf = 499t"dy`g,o f wfrw S cf suw f iG af z:jyxm;;&m “toa&zsurf KS t*Fg&yfEiS n fh n D w G v f siS f toa&zsurf KS twGujf ypf'%f yk'rf = 501 t& (2)ESpx f t d vkyrf Jh axmif'%fjzpfap aiG'%fjzpfap '%fEpS &f yfv;kH jzpfap csrw S cf H&rnfjzpfygonf? jypfrKS Oya'yk'rf =499 wGirf nforl qdk ESKwfjzifjh zpfap / pmjzifjh zpfapzwf&aSk p&ef-uH&, G o f nfph um; jzifjh zpfap/ trSwt f om;jzifjh zpfap xif&mS ;aomyko H ¾mefjzifjh zpfap vlwOD;wa,muf.toa&udk epfemap &eft-uHjzifah omfvnf;aumif; xdo k El iS pfh yfvsO;f aom pGypf jGJ cif; xko d . l toa&udx k cd u dk ef pfemaprnf[o k d vsuEf iS fh xdo k dk@vnf;,k-H unf&ef ta-umif;&Sv d suEf iS hf xdo k El iS pfh yfvsO;f aom pGypf cGJ suu f jdk yKvsiS f odk@wnf;r[kwf a-unmvSsif xdo k o l nf (atmufyguif;vGwcf surf sm;rSwyg; )tqdyk gv. l toa&udzk suo f nfrnf.? [kaz:jy xm;onfuo dk &d &Sd ygonf? uif;vGwcf surf sm;rSm=yxruif;vGwcf surf S '\ruif;vGwcf suf txd yg&ySd gonf? xdk@jyif toa&zsurf KS udx k ak csEidk af omtcsu(f 3)csu&f o Sd nf? 1/ rSeu f efa-umif; 2/ oabm&d;k jzifw h &m;rsw S pGma0zefa-umif; 3/ a&;om;ykid cf iG &fh Sad -umif; wdk@ut dk xift&Sm;oufaojyEkid yf gu toa&zsu&f mra&mufay? a&;om;ykid cf Giw fh iG =f 1?w&m;&k;H ESiw fh &m;&k;H a&mufonft h rSw k [email protected]&ifq;kH jzwfrKS wdk@udk rSeu f efwu d spmG owif;a&;om;ykid cf Gifh 2?Ekid if 0H efxrf;jzpforl KS xrf;&mxrf;wdk@utrsm;jynfol@0wW&m;aqmif&u G af epOf ,if;0wW&m;aqmif &Guf &efjyKrlyEkH iS fh tusipfh m&dwW wdk@udk oabm&k;d jzifjh ynfol@tusK;d iSm w&m;rSswpGma&;om;cGifh 3?w&m;&k;H wGi*f [email protected];H jzpfcsuaf y;ykH w&m;vkd w&m;cHoufaoESit fh rSKud, k pf m;vS,w f dk@udk a0zefa&;om; ykid cf iG fh ponfwdk@jzpfygonf? owif;axmufwdk@taejzifh &Jpcef;/ w&m;&k;H wdk@u&kd &J w J if;wif; 0ifxu G o f mG ;vmcGi&fh ySd gonf?&Jpcef;&Sd yxrowif;ay;wkid cf suyf gtcsuftvuftm;vk;H ud&k ,lyikd cf Giafh y;cJo h nfv h yk x f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;&Syd gonf? &mZ0wfrKS cif;rSK&mudprP sm;wGif owif;orm;rsm;yg0if ywfoufco Jh nft h wGuf owif;axmuf em*gtd udk ppfwyfu ajymifajymifwif;wif; ypfowfco Jh nfhtjzpfuvnf; owif;orm;wpfO;D .&ifeifzh , G &f m tjzpfuadk wG@&ESd idk yf gonf?,ae@tcsed t f cgwiG v f nf; yxrowif;ay;wkid cf suu f o dk wif;axmufrsm; -unfch iG &fh xdu k o f jzifx h t dk cGit fh a&;udak wmif;qdo kd ifyh gonf?owif;orm;rsm;yxrowif;ay;wkid cf sufu&dk jyDqv dk Ssif xdk trSKESiyfh wfowfI &Jpcef;u azsmufzsuI f r&Edik af wmhouJhodk@ jyKjyifajymif;vJIvnf;r&Edkiaf wmhyg?xdu k J@okd@ -unf&h cSk iG rfh ay;ygu vmbfpm;rSKrsm;/tusiyfh surf KS rsm;udv k rf;zGiafh y;ovkjd zpfaeygonf?

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owif;pmrsm;udk ppftpk;d & u vuf0g;}uD;tkycf sKyfuidkf x f m;_yD; yk*v ~ u d ydik f owif;pmrsm; ukd xkwaf 0cGirfh jyKay? jrefrmwkid ;f / tDvAJ if; rD', D m/ ay:jyLvmESifh &efuek rf 'D , D m *&k wdk@udk r-umrDvydik ;f twGi;f u ae@pOfowif;pm xkwaf 0cGiafh y;&ef tmrcHco Jh nf[k w&m;0ifr[kwaf o;onfh owif;rsm; -um; ae&onf? jrefrmwkid ;f onf -opaw;vs edik if o H m; a&mhp'f efuav u ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&; ESifh wJzG ufxal xmifc_Jh yD; ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&; ajcrSek ;f cH&_yD;aemuf jyef-um;a&;0ef}uD; OD;ausmq f ef;ESifh eD;pyfol okwpG,pf Hk pmtkyw f u kd yf idk fqidk o f l a'guw f mwifxeG ;f OD;udk &S,, f m,lap_yD; tpk;d & u yHpk w H rsK;d jzifh csKyfuidk x f m;onfh *sme,fwu dk f jzpfonf? tDvyJ if; rD', D monf etz ppftpd;k & tzJG@xrJ S tm%m&So d nfh Adv k rf LS ;}uD;wOD;u &S,, f m0if xm;_yD; tqdyk g t&Sed t f 0gjzifh pmaypdppfa&;wGif txl;tcGifhta&;&v#u&f o Sd nfh *sme,fwpfapmifjzpfonf? ay:jyLvmESihf &efuek f rD', D m*&krS q&m [de;f vwfEiS f u h dkudk (pufr)+ wkd@uvnf; jyef-um;a&;0ef }uD;Xmeu zJG@pnf;ay;xm;onfh jrefrmekid if H pme,fZif;tzJG@wGif tvkyt f r+aqmif&mxl; toD;oD;,lxm; -uojzifh etz . ,H-k unfpw d cf s&olrsm;jzpfonf? udu k dk (pufr)+ rSm *smrefowif;Xme 'DyaD t . jynfwiG ;f owif;axmufwOD;vnf;jzpfonf? r-umao;cifu ‚if;. etz tvku d s tzJG@csKyfr0l g'ESifh ywfouf_yD; wvJw $ acsmf jzpfatmif zef;wD;;vky}f uH 0g' jzef@owif;wpfy'k ef iS fh ywfoufI owif;q&m}uD; OD;0if;wiftm; uef@uu G f &SKH@csow l pfO;D jzpf&m xko d wif;rSm;ESifh ywfoufI awmif;yefc&Jh olwpfO;D vnf;jzpfonf? ay:jyLvm*sme,frmS aoqH;k oGm;onfh etz twGi;f a&;rSL; (3) Adv k cf sKyf0if;jrif. h orD;ykid f *sme,fjzpfonf? jynfwiG ;f &Sd *sme,f 11 apmifEiS fh r*~Zif; tapmif 20 udv k nf; ESppf Of oufwrf;rwd;k awm h aoma-umifh 2008 'DZifbmv twGi;f pmaypdppfa&;u xkwaf 0cGiv fh idk pf ifrsm; jyefvnf &kwo f rd ;f cJo h nf? wcdsew f nf;wGif jynfwiG ;f &So d wif;orm;rsm;udk tm%mydik frsm;u wif;usypf mG apmif-h unfch o Jh nf? e,fpnf;rjcm; owif;Xme xkwjf yefcsut f & 2008 ckEpS t f wGi;f wGif zrf;qD;cH&onfh rD', D morm; 11 OD;&S_d yD; 9 OD;rSm axmifcsc&H onf? usew f pfO;D udk csKyf&uf 6 vausm-f umonfw h ikd f pD&ifcsurf csao;a-umif;od&onf? (e,fpnf;rjcm; owif;axmufrsm;tzJG@. 2008 tpD&ifcpH m) 2008 ESpq f ef;ydki;f u jzpfay:cJah om tif;,m;vrf; 5 avmif;_ydKifvo l wfrE+ iS fh ywfoufI psmye tcrf;tem;aqmif;yg;udk a&;om;cJah om qJAif;a'; e,l; *sme,frS t,f'w D m r_idr;f _idr;f ekdirf mS ac:,lppfaq; _cdr;f ajcmufccH &Jh onf? ydawmufyiG o fh pfr*~Zif;onfvnf; tk;d a0 OD;!KdjrESifh ywfoufI rsuEf mS zH;k owif; aqmif;yg;a&;om;cJah oma-umifh xkwaf 0cGifh ,m,D ydwyf ifcHc&Jh onf? e,fpnf;rjcm; owif;Xme xkwjf yefa-ujimcsut f & 1998 azazmf0g&v D 18 &ufae@rS 2008 ckEpS f ek0d ifbmv 5 &uftxd jrefrmedik if w H iG f zrf;qD;cH&onfh owif;pmorm; pkpak ygi;f 16 OD;ESifh Cyberdissident wdk@EpS Of ;D / pkpak ygi;f rD', D morm; 18 OD;jzpfonf? xkt d xJwiG f urBmo h wif;toif;csKyfrS cs;D jrSio fh nfh 2001 ckEpS f vGwv f yfonfh a&$uavmifqk &&So d l jrefrm owif;pmavmu wGif txif&mS ;qH;k owif;pm q&m}uD; OD;0if;wifEiS fh om,m0wD pef;pef;EJ@G wdk@vnf;yg0ifonf? 'Dru dk &ufwpfjrefrmhtoH ('DAb DG )D jynfwiG ;f tajcpku d f owif;axmuf 9 OD;udv k nf; ppftpk;d & . vsKd@0u S f csurf sm;udk ekid if w H umu od&aSd p&ef xkwaf zmfaoma-umif[ h k pGypf u JG m zrf;qD;vku d o f nf? 2007 a&$0g a&mifawmfveS af &;umv twGi;f u *syefowif;axmuf em*gtd ypfo f wfccH &Jh onf? bavmha&;om;jcif;/ jynfy toHvi$ Xfh me rsm;ESifh qufo, G rf u + v dk nf; [ef@wm;aESmif, h u S rf &+ _Sd yD; tcsKd@bavmha&;olrsm;ESifh qufo, G o f rl sm;ukd zrf;qD;ta&;,lrr+ sm;&So d nf? em*pfavab; ulnu D ,fq,f a&;aqmif&u G af eol armifo&l ac: Zm*emtm; tm%mydik rf sm;u 2008 ckepS f ZGev f wGif zrf;qD;_yD; yk'rf 7 ckjzifh pkpak ygi;f axmif'%f 59 ESpf csrw S cf o Jh nf? uAsmq&m bavmh*g aebke;f vwfrmS vnf; bavmh a&;om;r+twGuf axmif'%f tESpf 20 ESifh 6 v csrw S cf &H onf?

10

First Eleven *sme,f. t,f'w D ma[mif; aZmfoufaxG;onf ukZd m*emESit fh wlem*pf qdik u f vH;k 'kuo Q nfrsm;udk uln_D yD;aemuf axmif'%f 19 ESpf usc&H onf? "mwfyo Hk wif;axmuf udo k ef@ZifatmifrmS em*pfqikd u f vH;k eSifh ywfoufonfh "mwfyrHk sm;udk xkid ;f ekid fio H dk@ ,laqmifomG ;onf[k qku d m r*Fvm'Hk avqdyYf tzrf;cH&_yD; axmif'%f 18 ESpu f sccH &Jh onf? tvGwo f wif;axmuf udak usmaf usmo f ef@onfvnf; em*pfqidk u f vH;k 'kuo Q nfrsm;ukd oGm;a&mufvLS 'ge;f onfudk yg0ifcI Jh tzrf;cH&um axmif'%f 7 ESpu f sc&H onf? 2008 ckEpS f azazmf0g&D 15 &ufu jrefrmae&Si;f tywfpOf t,f'w D mcsKyf OD;oufZifEiS fh tkycf sKyfa&;rSL; OD;pde0f if;armifwkd@uv dk nf; pufwifbmawmfveS ;f a&;vSKyf&mS ;r+ "mwfyrHk sm;yg0ifonfh pD't D csyfrsm;awG@&aSd oma-umif[ h q k u kd m axmif'%f 7 ESppf cD srw S cf o Jh nf? txufazmfjy ygcsurf sm;udk -unfjh cif;tm;jzifh etz ppftpd;k &onf pme,fZif;rD', D morm;rsm;udk &efou l o Jh kd@ oabmxm; aea-umif; xif&mS ;ay:vGiaf eonf? owif;vGwv f yfciG fhr&Sdonfh rD', D m acwfopfarSmifwu kd w f ckudk zefw;D ae ayonf? jynfot l rsm;odoifo h x d u kd af om ppftyk pf 0k ef}uD;csKyfESifh ppfwyft}uD;tuJrsm;. tr+rsK;d udyk if owif;axmufrsm;tm; owif;,lciG rfh ay;onfrmS ppftyk cf sKyfa&;tm%mykid w f kd@. cg;ydu k x f w J iG f w&m;&k;H rsm; udk xnfx h m;onfrmS xif&mS ;ygonf? w&m;&k;H tjzpftysut f r+wJG tjzpfreS u f dk rod&Sd&v#if rnfuo Jh kd@ w&m;pD&ifxm;a-umif; jynforl sm; od&cSd iG rfh &awmhyg? xdt k r+wrJG sm;tm;awmif;ac:azmfxw k o f ifyh gonf? rnfodk@r# r& &Sed ikd fcyJh gv#if w&m;pD&ifa&;pepf}uD;wckv;Hk ukd tarSmifcsxm;onfEiS fh wlaeayawmhrnf? pD&ifx;Hk pD&ifcsuf rSww f rf;rSw&f m wckwav r#xu G rf vmjcif; rxkwaf zmfjcif; rjyojcif;onf EsL&ifbwf ppfc&kH ;kH uJo h dk@ tjzpfreS rf sm; wGiu f se&f pfrnf pd;k &draf oma-umifjh zpfygvrd rfh nf? jzpf&yfreS f orkid ;f rSeu f dk b,fae&mwGif rqdk &SmazGay;onfh tavhtusiu fh dk arG;jrLxm;-uonhf owif;rD', D morm;rsm;taejzifh ppftyk pf k r[kww f m vkyo f r# azmfxw k _f yD; vGwv f yfaom w&m;pD&ifa&;twGuf wdu k yf w GJ iG f yg0ifI r¾dKif 4 ck tzJG@0ifjzpfonfEiS t fh nD ud, k w fh m0ef uk, d af us&rnfjzpfygonf? yk*v ~ u d vGwv f yfciG u fh dk owif;rD', D morm;rsm;u av;pm;vku d ef m&ovkd jynfov l x l . k “od&ySd ikd fciG ”fh udv k nf;OD;xdyf yefqifxm;&rnf jzpfygonf? jynfov l x l . k ,H-k unfu;dk pm;r+onf rD', D morm; tm; vH;k . touf0n d mOfjzpfygonf? jynfol@,-Hk unfu;dk pm;r+udk &&Srd o S mv#if ekid if Hh pwkwˆ r¾dKif. wm0efudk ausyeG pf mG xrf;aqmifeikd rf nfjzpfygonf? owif;pme,fZif;vkyif ef;onf jynfov l x l u k dk 0efaqmifra+ y;&onfh vkyif ef;jzpfaoma-umifh jynfov l x l . k rsuEf mS udo k m -unf&h rnfjzpfygonf? r¾dKifav;&yf wzufapmif;eif; tcsKd;rusbJ ,ckavmavmq,fjrefrmekid if . H Edik if aH &;wnf_idrrf + vk;H 0uif;rJah eonfh tcgor, rsK;d wGif pwkwrˆ ¾dKif. wm0efrmS a&S@q;Hk wef;u yg0ifaeyga-umif; rD;armif;xd;k jytyfygonf?

OD;rsKd ; (Oya') 18 = 2 = 2009

11