Memory
How We Remember
Sensory Screening
ShortTerm Memory
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Sensory Data
D ec ay
Sensory Input
Long-Term Memory
Sequence of Information Processing
2 Types of Sensory Registers • iconic: sensory memory of visual stimuli, lasting less than a second • echoic: sensory memory of acoustical stimuli, lasting 3 to 4 seconds
Short-Term Memory (STM) • capacity: STM can hold as much information as can be repeated or rehearsed in 1.5 to 2 seconds. • Chunking (the grouping of information into meaningful units) can increase the amount of information contained in STM.
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Forgetting in STM • decay theory: A theory that argues that the passage of time causes forgetting. • interference theory: A theory that argues interference from other information causes forgetting.
2 Types of Rehearsal • rote rehearsal: Retaining information in STM simply by repeating it over and over. • elaborative rehearsal: The linking of new information in STM to familiar material stored in long-term memory.
Long-Term Memory (LTM) • Relatively permanent long term storage: • Active Memory memory from which information is easily retrieved – generally lasts about 48 hours •Schemas: organized mental frameworks that we rely on to interpret and filter incoming information.
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