Meeting The Millenium Development Goals
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World in the New Millennium: Guided by the Millennium Development Goals
Prepared by Rufael Fassil University of Bremen/DENGO January,2004
Outline
Introduction Defining the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Strategy for achieving MDGs Progressing towards MDGs MDGRs and PRSP MDGs Challenges Conclusions Issues for Discussion
INTRODUCTION: BASIC FACTS AND FIGURES IN NEW MILLENNIUM ,
Half the world‘s population=< $2 a day 1 billion=< $1 a day In a developed world, 100 million= < $1 a day 5 million =homeless 37 million=jobless 40 million =living with HIV/AIDS 840 million adults= illiterate 1.2 billion =without access to safe drinking water Every year, 500,000 women =die from complications of pregnancy and childbirth
OUR WORLD HAS THE RESOURCES TO ERADICATE POVERTY?
Wealth 10 richest =$ 133 billion= 1.5 *total national income of the LDC´s Cost of eradicating poverty =1% of global income. 6 DC´s spend= $ 700 million in nine days on dog and cat food. Today‘s world spend= $ 66 billion on cosmetics $ 800 billion =Military expenditure
BASIC FACTS ..Contd.. Extreme poverty can be banished from the globe?
Over the past three decades in developing countries:
Access to safe water=doubled Life expectancy= increased by a third Child death rates=halved Malnutrition rates=declined by a third Children out of primary school= fallen from more than half to less than a quarter
What are MDGs?
1. Eradicate poverty and hunger 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Achieve universal primary education Promote gender equality and empower women Reduce child mortality Improve maternal health Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Ensure environmental sustainability Develop a global partnership for development
In General, MDGs are about Human Development
What is human development? Key capabilities Living a long and healthy life Being educated Having a decent standard of living Enjoying political and civil freedoms to participate freely in the life of one‘s community
MDGs, cont…
Essential conditions for human development Environmental sustainability
Equity – especially gender equity Enabling Fair global Partnership
1.2 ORIGIN OF MDGS
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are:
The International Development Goals (IDGs) + Goals of the Millennium Declaration
1.3 Why MDGs?
2) WHAT IS NEEDED TO ACHIEVE THE MDGS ?
US$ 50 billion in annual basis
Consistency b/n economic and social development policies
Social policy to be multi-sectoral , participatory and flexible
Good system for monitoring & evaluation
Coordination among all stakeholders and beneficiaries
Developed countries open their markets to the products of developing countries and let developing countries compete in the global market on fair terms
Commitment of resources(MDGs)
WB/IMF: At annual meeting of the WB/IMF(Sept.2002), discussed the MDGs =decided to support MDGs
EU contribution - EU leaders promised =an additional $7bln a year to support the implementation of MDG
USA -US promised to increase aid spending= by 50% or 5bln a year.
Financing for Development at Monterrey, Mexico in 2002, Leaders reach in consensus =started to match these commitments with resources and action.
3) STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING THE MDGS
Four complementary initiatives: (Mark Malloch Brown is overall coordinator of the MDGs in the UN system )
the Millennium Project (Professor Jeffrey Sachs, Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on the MDGs )…
the Millennium Reports,…
the Global Millennium Campaign…,
Operational country-level activities
(Eveline Herfkens, former Development Minister from the Netherlands, Executive Coordinator for the MDG Campaign) and
…i.e. the three
functions to fulfil at the country level are to tailor the targets, to report on progress and to develop capacity
Who keeps track of the MDGs?
World Bank and UN =keep statistics and progress reports. Country-level monitoring= UN agencies, Organization for Economic Co-operation & Development's (OECD), Development Assistance Committee (DAC), the Bank and IMF as well as each countries.
The country-level reports=Complemented by the UN Secretary-General's global reports on implementing the MDGs .
4) PROGRESSING TOWARDS MDGS Achievements(MDGR) (UN SG MDG Report July 2003 i.e. complied from 80 countries) are mixed:
On all broad objectives- human rights, Democracy, good governance, the resolution of conflicts – we are moving too slowly Human needs neglected and promises unmet. If we carry on the way we are most of the pledges made in MDG are not going to be fulfilled There are marked differences between regions (uneven) There is an urgent need for renewed commitment by political leaders to open trade and increase aid and debt relief, to give developing countries a fair chance to reduce extreme poverty within their borders.
In response to the question as to whether it was likely or not that the Millennium Goals will be fully realised by 2015??? %
Very Likely
Likely
Neutral
Unlikely
Very unlikely
OECD +25
1.5
24.2
22.7
37.9
13.6
DC +53
13.3
40.3
19.4
19.4
7.5
55.5
11.1
33.3
LDC +55 Africa+60
16.7
45.8
12.5
16.7
8.3
Asia+70
17.6
58.8
11.8
5.9
5.9
Latin America+30
8.2
26.1
17.4
30.4
17.4
Total +40
5.6
34.3
21.3
27.8
11.1
5) MDGRs AND PRSP
They are not competing but complementing each other The MDGs are not a programmatic tool. The PRSP is the medium term ―national roadmap‖ of policies and actions required to reach these longer-term, country-tailored targets i.e. MDGs time frame is longer than PRSPs (3 year) MDGs process is a UN lead and PRSP is a BW(WB/IMF) lead process but both have full recognition with all key development stakeholders
MDG-reports and PRSP-progress reports are complementary tools, with different audiences and objectives….
How Well Do PRSPs Track MDGs?
Looking across 25 completed PRSP till Feb 03, • Broad convergence in coverage of key areas – in particular, human development, poverty, economic growth – though often not around specific MDG indicators. • Countries also set goals in categories not included among MDGs. For example, economic growth, rural development, and macroeconomic objectives.
6) CHALLENGES Five key Challenges for achieving the MDGs: Do Countries have:
The Data and Capacity to Measure and Monitor
The Policies to Achieve the MDGs?
Progress?
The Resources to Achieve the MDGs?
Ownership
Country political Commitment
7) CONCLUSIONS
Most of the Goals are set in the social (not economic) sphere, relating to improvements in health and education…
MDG targets must be tailored and customized to country realities and priorities….
Preliminary assessments by the UN and the Bank seem to indicate that:
For MDG achievement ,need credible implementation plan, owned by the implementers—that is, by the countries.
But, this means both developing and developed countries, given the essential roles of both in achieving the MDGs, as set out in Monterrey Mexico)….
Critical role for multilateral agencies to support country efforts (i.e. ….)
Conclusions …. Genuine Commitments of IMF/WB: Three main areas where the IMF/WB should change their approach and there role needs to be radically reviewed if it is to assist Poor countries to achieve the MDGs:
The Fund needs to show greater flexibility in its economic targets, demonstrating a longer-term focus, The Fund needs to end its pessimism towards increasing aid flows to poor countries and stop designing economic policy around this view. The influence of the Fund as ‗gatekeeper‘ for poverty focused aid needs to be decreased.
ISSUES FOR FURTHER DISCUSSION
How comprehensive are MDGs? i.e. Are the strategic interests and programmatic priorities of different Countries, regions and Institutions adequately reflected in the MDGs ?
Are MDGS Feasible?
How (to what extent) the current the status of UN will impact on the realization of MDGs?
Major References 1. MDG, Millennium declarations, MDG Report and Human development Report 2003: UNDP web site (www.undp.org) 2. The Millennium Declaration: Mobilising Civil Society Organisations. By John W Foster: Article published in the UNDP Development Policy Journal, Volume 3, April 2003 3. Choices, UNDP human development magazine: Number 2, volume 12, June 2003 4. The IMF and the Millennium Goals: Failing to deliver for low income countries. Number 54, Oxfam Briefing Paper, September 2003
Thank You!!
Prepared by Rufael Fassil University of Bremen/DENGO January,2004
Outline
Introduction Defining the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Strategy for achieving MDGs Progressing towards MDGs MDGRs and PRSP MDGs Challenges Conclusions Issues for Discussion
INTRODUCTION: BASIC FACTS AND FIGURES IN NEW MILLENNIUM ,
Half the world‘s population=< $2 a day 1 billion=< $1 a day In a developed world, 100 million= < $1 a day 5 million =homeless 37 million=jobless 40 million =living with HIV/AIDS 840 million adults= illiterate 1.2 billion =without access to safe drinking water Every year, 500,000 women =die from complications of pregnancy and childbirth
OUR WORLD HAS THE RESOURCES TO ERADICATE POVERTY?
Wealth 10 richest =$ 133 billion= 1.5 *total national income of the LDC´s Cost of eradicating poverty =1% of global income. 6 DC´s spend= $ 700 million in nine days on dog and cat food. Today‘s world spend= $ 66 billion on cosmetics $ 800 billion =Military expenditure
BASIC FACTS ..Contd.. Extreme poverty can be banished from the globe?
Over the past three decades in developing countries:
Access to safe water=doubled Life expectancy= increased by a third Child death rates=halved Malnutrition rates=declined by a third Children out of primary school= fallen from more than half to less than a quarter
What are MDGs?
1. Eradicate poverty and hunger 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Achieve universal primary education Promote gender equality and empower women Reduce child mortality Improve maternal health Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Ensure environmental sustainability Develop a global partnership for development
In General, MDGs are about Human Development
What is human development? Key capabilities Living a long and healthy life Being educated Having a decent standard of living Enjoying political and civil freedoms to participate freely in the life of one‘s community
MDGs, cont…
Essential conditions for human development Environmental sustainability
Equity – especially gender equity Enabling Fair global Partnership
1.2 ORIGIN OF MDGS
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are:
The International Development Goals (IDGs) + Goals of the Millennium Declaration
1.3 Why MDGs?
2) WHAT IS NEEDED TO ACHIEVE THE MDGS ?
US$ 50 billion in annual basis
Consistency b/n economic and social development policies
Social policy to be multi-sectoral , participatory and flexible
Good system for monitoring & evaluation
Coordination among all stakeholders and beneficiaries
Developed countries open their markets to the products of developing countries and let developing countries compete in the global market on fair terms
Commitment of resources(MDGs)
WB/IMF: At annual meeting of the WB/IMF(Sept.2002), discussed the MDGs =decided to support MDGs
EU contribution - EU leaders promised =an additional $7bln a year to support the implementation of MDG
USA -US promised to increase aid spending= by 50% or 5bln a year.
Financing for Development at Monterrey, Mexico in 2002, Leaders reach in consensus =started to match these commitments with resources and action.
3) STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING THE MDGS
Four complementary initiatives: (Mark Malloch Brown is overall coordinator of the MDGs in the UN system )
the Millennium Project (Professor Jeffrey Sachs, Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on the MDGs )…
the Millennium Reports,…
the Global Millennium Campaign…,
Operational country-level activities
(Eveline Herfkens, former Development Minister from the Netherlands, Executive Coordinator for the MDG Campaign) and
…i.e. the three
functions to fulfil at the country level are to tailor the targets, to report on progress and to develop capacity
Who keeps track of the MDGs?
World Bank and UN =keep statistics and progress reports. Country-level monitoring= UN agencies, Organization for Economic Co-operation & Development's (OECD), Development Assistance Committee (DAC), the Bank and IMF as well as each countries.
The country-level reports=Complemented by the UN Secretary-General's global reports on implementing the MDGs .
4) PROGRESSING TOWARDS MDGS Achievements(MDGR) (UN SG MDG Report July 2003 i.e. complied from 80 countries) are mixed:
On all broad objectives- human rights, Democracy, good governance, the resolution of conflicts – we are moving too slowly Human needs neglected and promises unmet. If we carry on the way we are most of the pledges made in MDG are not going to be fulfilled There are marked differences between regions (uneven) There is an urgent need for renewed commitment by political leaders to open trade and increase aid and debt relief, to give developing countries a fair chance to reduce extreme poverty within their borders.
In response to the question as to whether it was likely or not that the Millennium Goals will be fully realised by 2015??? %
Very Likely
Likely
Neutral
Unlikely
Very unlikely
OECD +25
1.5
24.2
22.7
37.9
13.6
DC +53
13.3
40.3
19.4
19.4
7.5
55.5
11.1
33.3
LDC +55 Africa+60
16.7
45.8
12.5
16.7
8.3
Asia+70
17.6
58.8
11.8
5.9
5.9
Latin America+30
8.2
26.1
17.4
30.4
17.4
Total +40
5.6
34.3
21.3
27.8
11.1
5) MDGRs AND PRSP
They are not competing but complementing each other The MDGs are not a programmatic tool. The PRSP is the medium term ―national roadmap‖ of policies and actions required to reach these longer-term, country-tailored targets i.e. MDGs time frame is longer than PRSPs (3 year) MDGs process is a UN lead and PRSP is a BW(WB/IMF) lead process but both have full recognition with all key development stakeholders
MDG-reports and PRSP-progress reports are complementary tools, with different audiences and objectives….
How Well Do PRSPs Track MDGs?
Looking across 25 completed PRSP till Feb 03, • Broad convergence in coverage of key areas – in particular, human development, poverty, economic growth – though often not around specific MDG indicators. • Countries also set goals in categories not included among MDGs. For example, economic growth, rural development, and macroeconomic objectives.
6) CHALLENGES Five key Challenges for achieving the MDGs: Do Countries have:
The Data and Capacity to Measure and Monitor
The Policies to Achieve the MDGs?
Progress?
The Resources to Achieve the MDGs?
Ownership
Country political Commitment
7) CONCLUSIONS
Most of the Goals are set in the social (not economic) sphere, relating to improvements in health and education…
MDG targets must be tailored and customized to country realities and priorities….
Preliminary assessments by the UN and the Bank seem to indicate that:
For MDG achievement ,need credible implementation plan, owned by the implementers—that is, by the countries.
But, this means both developing and developed countries, given the essential roles of both in achieving the MDGs, as set out in Monterrey Mexico)….
Critical role for multilateral agencies to support country efforts (i.e. ….)
Conclusions …. Genuine Commitments of IMF/WB: Three main areas where the IMF/WB should change their approach and there role needs to be radically reviewed if it is to assist Poor countries to achieve the MDGs:
The Fund needs to show greater flexibility in its economic targets, demonstrating a longer-term focus, The Fund needs to end its pessimism towards increasing aid flows to poor countries and stop designing economic policy around this view. The influence of the Fund as ‗gatekeeper‘ for poverty focused aid needs to be decreased.
ISSUES FOR FURTHER DISCUSSION
How comprehensive are MDGs? i.e. Are the strategic interests and programmatic priorities of different Countries, regions and Institutions adequately reflected in the MDGs ?
Are MDGS Feasible?
How (to what extent) the current the status of UN will impact on the realization of MDGs?
Major References 1. MDG, Millennium declarations, MDG Report and Human development Report 2003: UNDP web site (www.undp.org) 2. The Millennium Declaration: Mobilising Civil Society Organisations. By John W Foster: Article published in the UNDP Development Policy Journal, Volume 3, April 2003 3. Choices, UNDP human development magazine: Number 2, volume 12, June 2003 4. The IMF and the Millennium Goals: Failing to deliver for low income countries. Number 54, Oxfam Briefing Paper, September 2003
Thank You!!
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