Measle Health Talk.docx

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING HEALTH TALK ON PREVENTION OF MEASLES AND RUBELLA

SUBMITTED TO: MRS. SUPARNA PATIL

SUBMITTED BY:

LECTURER

SUPRIYA BATWALKAR M.Sc. NURSING FINAL YEAR

DATE:

NAME OF THE STUDENT:

SUPRIYA BATWALKAR

NAME OF THE SUPERVISOR:

MRS. SUPARNA PATIL

SUBJECT:

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

TOPIC:

PREVENTION OF MEASLES AND RUBELLA

GROUP:

MOTHERS OF CHILDREN (UNDER 5 YEARS)

VENUE:

URBAN PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER, NERUL

DATE:

METHOD OF TEACHING:

LECTURE CUM DISCUSSION

A.V. AIDS:

POSTER, LEAFLET, CHART, FLASHCARD, FLIPCARD

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the health talk the group will be able to gain knowledge about measles and rubella and will apply this knowledge to prevent the disease spread.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the health talk the group will be able to  Introduce measles and rubella.  Identify the risk factors of measles and rubella.  Explain the mode of transmission.  List down the signs and symptoms of measles and rubella.  Enumerate the complication of measles and rubella.  Discuss the treatment for measles and rubella.  Follow the preventive measures to prevent measles and rubella.

Introduction:

Good morning respected madam and everyone. Myself Supriya, Final year Msc student of Terna Nursing College. Here I am presenting my health topic. As you all know most of the children are getting skin rashes in their childhood and they are very common. Even we sees that if one child is affected with that, it may spreads to others or whole residence area. Yes you right. The answer is measles. Every year almost 11000 deaths occur due to measles and rubella. And this is the specifically under five years of age group. Measles and rubella can prevent by vaccination. Today I am going to explain about measles and rubella and how to prevent it.

SR NO 1

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE At the end of the health talk the group will be able to introduce measles

CONTENT

AUDIO VISUAL AIDS

EVALUATION

Introduction: Measles is a viral infection of the respiratory system. Measles is a very contagious disease that can spread through contact with infected mucus and saliva. An infected person can release the infection into the air when they cough or sneeze.

2

At the end of the health talk the group will be able to Identify the risk factors of measles

Risk factors: Risk factors for measles include: 

Being unvaccinated. If you haven't received the vaccine for measles, you're much more likely to develop the disease.



Traveling internationally. If you travel to developing countries, where measles is more common, you're at higher risk of catching the disease.



Having a vitamin A deficiency. If you don't have enough vitamin A in your diet, you're more likely to have more-severe symptoms and complications.

Who can easily infect by measles?

SR NO 3

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE At the end of the health talk the group will be able to explain the mode of transmission

CONTENT The infection occurs in sequential stages over a period of two to three weeks. 

Infection and incubation. For the first 10 to 14 days after you're infected, the measles virus incubates. You have no signs or symptoms of measles during this time.



Nonspecific signs and symptoms. Measles typically begins with a mild to moderate fever, often accompanied by a persistent cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes (conjunctivitis) and sore throat. This relatively mild illness may last two or three days.



Acute illness and rash. The rash consists of small red spots, some of which are slightly raised. Spots and bumps in tight clusters give the skin a splotchy red appearance. The face breaks out first.

AUDIO VISUAL AIDS Chart

EVALUATION

SR NO

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

CONTENT Over the next few days, the rash spreads down the arms and trunk, then over the thighs, lower legs and feet. At the same time, the fever rises sharply, often as high as 104 to 105.8 F (40 to 41 C). The measles rash gradually recedes, fading first from the face and last from the thighs and feet. 

Communicable period. A person with measles can spread the virus to others for about eight days, starting four days before the rash appears and ending when the rash has been present for four days.

AUDIO VISUAL AIDS

EVALUATION

SR NO 4

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE At the end of the health talk the group will be able to list down the signs and symptoms of measles

CONTENT Symptoms Measles signs and symptoms appear around 10 to 14 days after exposure to the virus. Signs and symptoms of measles typically include: 

Fever



Dry cough



Runny nose



Sore throat



Inflamed eyes (conjunctivitis)



Muscle ache



Tiny white spots with bluish-white centres on a red background found inside the mouth on the inner lining of the cheek — also called Koplik's spots



A skin rash made up of large, flat blotches that often flow into one another

AUDIO VISUAL AIDS Flash card

EVALUATION How you will recognize measles?

SR NO 5

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE At the end of the health talk the group will be able to enumerate the complication of measles

CONTENT Complications of measles may include: 

Ear infection. Most common complications of measles is a bacterial ear infection.



Bronchitis, laryngitis or croup. Measles may lead to inflammation of your voice box (larynx) or inflammation of the inner walls that line the main air passageways of your lungs.



Pneumonia. Pneumonia is a common complication of measles. People with compromised immune systems can develop an especially dangerous variety of pneumonia that is sometimes fatal.



Encephalitis. About 1 in 1,000 people with measles develops a complication called encephalitis. Encephalitis may occur right after measles, or it might not occur until months later.



Pregnancy problems. If you're pregnant, you need to take special care to avoid measles because the disease can cause preterm labour, low birth weight and maternal death.

AUDIO VISUAL AIDS Flip card

EVALUATION What are the complications of measles?

SR NO 6

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE At the end of the health talk the group will be able to discuss the treatment for measles

CONTENT Treatment for measles: There is no specific treatment. If there are no complications, the doctor will recommend rest and plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Symptoms usually go away within 7 to 10 days. The following measures may help:  If the child's temperature is high, they should be kept cool, but not too cold.  People should avoid smoking near the child.  Sunglasses, keeping the lights dim or the room darkened may enhance comfort levels, as measles increases sensitivity to light.  If there is crustiness around the eyes, gently clean with a warm, damp cloth.  Cough medicines will not relieve a measles cough. Humidifiers or placing a bowl of water in the room may help.  If the child is over 12 months, a glass of warm water with a teaspoon of lemon juice and two teaspoons of honey may help. Do not give honey to infants.

AUDIO VISUAL AIDS

EVALUATION Restate the measures which are useful to lessen the effect of measles.

SR NO

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

CONTENT  A fever can lead to dehydration, so the child should drink plenty of fluids.  A child who is in the contagious stage should stay away from school and avoid close contact with others, especially those who are not immunized or have never had measles.  Those with a vitamin A deficiency and children under 2 years who have measles may benefit from vitamin A supplements.

AUDIO VISUAL AIDS

EVALUATION

SR NO 7

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE At the end of the health talk the group will be able to follow the preventive measures to prevent measles

CONTENT Prevention If someone in your household has measles, take these precautions to protect vulnerable family and friends: 

Isolation. Because measles is highly contagious from about four days before to four days after the rash breaks out, people with measles shouldn't return to activities in which they interact with other people during this period.

It may also be necessary to keep non-immunized people — siblings, for example — away from the infected person. 

Vaccinate. Be sure that anyone who's at risk of getting the measles who hasn't been fully vaccinated receives the measles vaccine as soon as possible. This includes anyone born after 1957 who hasn't been vaccinated, as well as infants older than 6 months.

AUDIO VISUAL AIDS Leaflet

EVALUATION Which vaccine helps to prevent measles?

SR NO

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

CONTENT

The first dose for infants is usually given between 12 and 15 months, with the second dose typically given between ages four and six years. If you'll be traveling abroad before your child is a year old, talk with your child's doctor about getting the measles vaccine earlier.

AUDIO VISUAL AIDS

EVALUATION

SR NO 8

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE At the end of the health talk the group will be able to introduce rubella

CONTENT

AUDIO VISUAL AIDS

EVALUATION

Chart

Which group is more prone to affect by rubella?

Rubella  Rubella, also called German measles or three-day measles, is a contagious viral infection best known by its distinctive red rash.  Rubella is not the same as measles (rubeola), though the two illnesses do share some characteristics, including the red rash.  However, rubella is caused by a different virus than measles, and is neither as infectious nor usually as severe as measles.

9

At the end of the health talk the group will be able to Identify the risk factors of rubella

Risk factors: 

Rubella can affect anyone of any age.



Adult women are particularly prone to arthritis and joint pains.



Pregnant woman



Unvaccinated children

SR NO 10

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE At the end of the health talk the group will be able to explain the mode of transmission

CONTENT Mode of transmission:  The cause of rubella is a virus that's passed from person to person. It can spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes or it can spread by direct contact with an infected person's respiratory secretions, such as mucus.  It can also be transmitted from pregnant women to their unborn children via the bloodstream.  A person with rubella is contagious for one to two weeks before the onset of the rash until about one or two weeks after the rash disappears.  An infected person can spread the illness before the person realizes he or she has it.

AUDIO VISUAL AIDS

EVALUATION How rubella spreads?

SR NO 11

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE At the end of the health talk the group will be able to list down the signs and symptoms of rubella

CONTENT Sign and symptoms: The signs and symptoms of rubella are often so mild they're difficult to notice, especially in children. If signs and symptoms do occur, they generally appear between two and three weeks after exposure to the virus. They typically last about one to five days and may include: 

Mild fever of 102 F (38.9 C) or lower



Headache



Stuffy or runny nose



Inflamed, red eyes



Enlarged, tender lymph nodes at the base of the skull, the back of the neck and behind the ears



A fine, pink rash that begins on the face and quickly spreads to the trunk and then the arms and legs, before disappearing in the same sequence



Aching joints, especially in young women

AUDIO VISUAL AIDS Poster

EVALUATION What are the sign and symptoms of rubella?

SR NO 12

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE At the end of the health talk the group will be able to enumerate the complication of rubella

CONTENT Complications: Rubella is a mild infection. Once you've had the disease, you're usually permanently immune. Some women with rubella experience arthritis in the fingers, wrists and knees, which generally lasts for about one month. In rare cases, rubella can cause an ear infection (otitis media) or inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). However, if you're pregnant when you contract rubella, the consequences for your unborn child may be severe, and in some cases, fatal. Up to 80 per cent of infants born to mothers who had rubella during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy develop congenital rubella syndrome. This syndrome can cause one or more problems, including:      

Growth retardation Cataracts Deafness Congenital heart defects Defects in other organs Intellectual disabilities

The highest risk to the fetus is during the first trimester, but exposure later in pregnancy also is dangerous.

AUDIO VISUAL AIDS

EVALUATION List down the complications of rubella.

SR NO 13

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE At the end of the health talk the group will be able to discuss the treatment for rubella

CONTENT Treatment : No treatment will shorten the course of rubella infection, and symptoms are often so mild that treatment usually isn't necessary. However, doctors often recommend isolation from others — especially pregnant women — during the infectious period. In rare instances when a child or adult is infected with rubella, simple self-care measures are required:  Rest in bed as necessary.  Take antipyretic to relieve discomfort from fever and aches.  Tell friends, family and co-workers — especially pregnant women — about your diagnosis if they may have been exposed to the disease.  Avoid people who have conditions that cause deficient or suppressed immune systems.  Tell your child's school or child care provider that your child has rubella.

AUDIO VISUAL AIDS

EVALUATION

SR NO 14

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE At the end of the health talk the group will be able to follow the preventive measures to prevent rubella

CONTENT Prevention :  The rubella vaccine is usually given as a combined measles-mumps-rubella inoculation, which contains the safest and most effective form of each vaccine.  Doctors recommend that children receive the MMR vaccine between 12 and 15 months of age, and again between 4 and 6 years of age — before entering school. It's particularly important that girls receive the vaccine to prevent rubella during future pregnancies.  Usually babies are protected from rubella for six to eight months after birth because of the immunity passed on from their mothers.  If a child requires protection from rubella before 12 months of age — for example, for certain foreign travel — the vaccine can be given as early as 6 months of age.  But children who are vaccinated early still need to be vaccinated at the recommended ages later.

AUDIO VISUAL AIDS Leaflet

EVALUATION Which vaccine is beneficial to prevent rubella?

Summary and recapitulations: Both measles and rubella viruses are widely circulating in world and thousands of cases are reported annually. You can protect all children against these diseases with safe, effective vaccination. Getting MR vaccine is much safer than getting measles or rubella diseases and its related risk or complications. India will be conducting MR Immunization campaign, targeting children in two phases in 2017-2018. It’s recommended that all children* should take this additional MR vaccine through campaign irrespective of previous measles or MMR vaccination status. WHO prequalified vaccine will be used in the campaign.

Conclusion: Today we have learnt about measles and rubella, its meaning, risk factors, mode of transmission, sign and symptoms, complication, treatment and its prevention.

References: 1. K. Park, Park’s Textbook of preventive and social medicine, Bhanot publication, 23 rd edition, 2015, pp146 2. Bijayalaskhmi Dash, A Comprehensive textbook of Community Health Nursing, Jaypee publication, First edition, 2017, pp 503-510. 3. https://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/measles/en/

4. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/measles/symptoms.../syc-20374857

5. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rubella/symptoms-causes/syc-20377310 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubella