Materials Question Pack.docx

Harris Academy Battersea

Materials questions

Name:

________________________

Class:

________________________

Date:

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Time: Marks: Comments:

Page 1

Harris Academy Battersea

Q1.

Susie cooked sausages on a barbecue.

(a)

Fat and water in the sausages changed state. Draw one line from each statement to the correct change of state. Draw only two lines. statement

change of state

2 marks

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Harris Academy Battersea

(b)

Susie uses charcoal as the fuel for the barbecue. (i)

Which statement is true about all fuels? Tick the correct box.

All fuels are sources of energy.

All fuels are black.

All fuels are made from wood.

All fuels are solid.

1 mark

(ii)

Which gas in the air is needed for fuels to burn? Tick the correct box.

water vapour

oxygen

nitrogen

carbon dioxide

1 mark

(c)

The metal grill of the barbecue is made of steel.

Six properties of steel are given below. Which properties are needed for the metal grill? Tick two correct boxes.

It conducts electricity.

It is rigid.

It has a very high melting point.

It is magnetic.

It is shiny.

It rusts.

2 marks maximum 6 marks

Page 3

Harris Academy Battersea

Q2.

The following key can be used by scientists to identify plastics.

(a)

Use the key to identify plastics A and B. (i)

Plastic A does not melt when it is touched with a hot nail. It gives off a fishy smell when it is heated but does not crack. Plastic A is .......................................................................................... 1 mark

(ii)

Plastic B melts when it is touched with a hot nail. It burns without dripping. It keeps burning even when the flame is taken away. Plastic B is .......................................................................................... 1 mark

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Harris Academy Battersea

(b)

The tests in the key should always be done in a fume cupboard. Give two reasons why burning a plastic is dangerous. 1. .................................................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................... 2. .................................................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................... 2 marks Maximum 4 marks

Q3.

Copper can be obtained form its ore, copper sulphide, in two stages. First stage

heating the ore in air Copper sulphide reacts with oxygen from the air to form copper oxide and sulphur dioxide gas.

Second stage

heating the copper oxide with carbon Copper oxide reacts with carbon to form copper and carbon dioxide gas.

(a)

Give the names of three elements mentioned above. 1. ................................................................................................................. 2. ................................................................................................................. 3. ................................................................................................................. 1 mark

(b)

Give the name of one compound mentioned above. ...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(c)

Give the name of the compound, mentioned above which causes ‘acid rain’. ...................................................................................................................... 1 mark Maximum 3 marks

Page 5

Harris Academy Battersea

Q4.Crude oil is used to make useful substances such as alkenes and plastics. (a)

The alkene shown is ethene.

(i)

Tick (

) the correct formula for ethene. Formula

Tick ( )

CH4 C2H4 C2H6 (1)

(ii)

Tick ( ) the name of the plastic formed when many ethene molecules join together. Name of plastic

Tick (

)

Poly(ethene) Poly(ethenol) Poly(propene) (1)

(b)

Read the article about plastics and then answer the questions. THE PROBLEM WITH PLASTIC WASTE Millions of tonnes of plastics are made from crude oil every year. Most of the litter found on beaches is plastic waste. 80 % of plastics produced end up in landfill sites.

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Harris Academy Battersea

(i)

Draw a ring around the correct answer in the box to complete the sentence. decomposes. Plastic waste needs to be removed from beaches because it is reactive. is not biodegradable. (1)

(ii)

Suggest a problem caused by 80 % of plastics going to landfill sites. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (1)

(iii)

Suggest one way of reducing the amount of plastics going to landfill sites. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (1) (Total 5 marks)

Q5.

The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increased by reactions that occur in internal combustion engines (X) and is decreased by reactions in sea water (Y).

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Harris Academy Battersea

Describe, in as much detail as you can, the reactions which take place at X and Y. (a)

X ................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... (2)

(b)

Y ................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... (3) (Total 5 marks)

Q6.

Most electricity in the UK is generated in power stations that burn fossil fuels. The diagram lists some of the substances released into the air when fossil fuels are burned.

(a)

(i)

Which one of the substances released into the air causes acid rain? ......................................................................................................................... (1)

(ii)

In the sentence below, draw a ring around the correct answer. The type of environmental pollution caused by

global dimming smoke particle is global warming rising sea levels (1)

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Harris Academy Battersea

(iii)

Suggest how the burning of fossil fuels may cause climate change. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... (2)

(b)

The table shows the percentage of electricity generated by different energy sources.

Energy sources Percentage (%)

Renewables

Nuclear

Coal

Gas and Oil

8

20

32

40

Complete the bar chart to show the percentage of electricity generated by coal and by gas and oil.

(2) (Total 6 marks)

Page 9

Harris Academy Battersea

Q7.

Supermarkets in the UK have been advised by the Government to stop giving plastic bags to customers. The Government states that this is because plastic bags use up resources that are not renewable and that the manufacture of plastic bags produces carbon dioxide. Most of these plastic bags are made from poly(ethene). The table shows methods to deal with large numbers of used plastic bags.

Method

Description of what happens to the plastic bag

Reused

used again by the customer

Recycled

collected, transported, washed and melted to make new plastic items

Burned

collected, transported and burnt to release heat energy

Dumped

mixed with other household waste, collected, transported and disposed of at a landfill site

Use the information and your knowledge and understanding to briefly give one advantage and one disadvantage for each of these methods. Reused ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. Recycled ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. Burned .................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. Dumped .................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. (4) (Total 4 marks)

Page 10

Harris Academy Battersea

Water sold in plastic bottles has a high ‘carbon cost’.

Q8.

The ‘carbon cost’ depends on the amount of carbon dioxide emitted in making and transporting the product. The more carbon dioxide emitted, the higher the ‘carbon cost’. (a)

Plastic water bottles are made from a polymer. The polymer is made from ethene. Ethene is made by cracking hydrocarbons. (i)

Name the polymer made from ethene. ........................................................................................................................... (1)

(ii)

Ethene can be made by cracking the hydrocarbon pentane, C5H12. C5H12

→

C2H4

+

C3H8

Explain why there is a ‘carbon cost’ for the process of cracking a hydrocarbon. ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... (2)

(b)

The diagram shows information about water sold in plastic bottles in the UK. The diagram also shows the average distances that water and plastic bottles are transported.

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Harris Academy Battersea

Suggest how the high ‘carbon cost’ of water sold in plastic bottles could be reduced. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... (3) (Total 6 marks)

Q9.

Plastics are used to make many everyday items, such as the body of the kettle.

(a)

Complete the sentences by drawing a ring around the correct words.

catalysts (i)

The plastic is made from many small molecules called

monomers polymers (1)

(ii)

Propene is produced by cracking some of the fractions that are

Page 12

Harris Academy Battersea

crude oil separated from limestone metal ores (1)

(b)

After a few years the kettle no longer worked. • • •

Some parts of the kettle are made of plastic. Some parts of the kettle are made of stainless steel. The owner of the kettle disposed of it in a landfill site.

Consider these statements. Suggest three reasons why the kettle should not be disposed of in a landfill site. 1 ................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................... 2 ................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................... 3 ................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................... (3) (Total 5 marks)

Page 13

Harris Academy Battersea

M1.

(a)

•

•

if more than one line is drawn from either ‘fat melted’ or ‘water evaporated’, award no mark for that statement 2 (L3)

(b)

(i)

•

All fuels are sources of energy. if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (L3)

(ii)

•

oxygen if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (L4)

(c)

•

It is rigid.

•

It has a very high melting point. if more than two boxes are ticked, deduct one mark for each incorrect tick minimum mark zero 2 (L4)

[6]

Page 14

Harris Academy Battersea

M2.

(a)

(i)

melamine 1 (L4)

(ii)

ABS 1 (L4)

(b)

any two from •

it might give off poisonous fumes accept ‘gives off dangerous or harmful gas’ or ‘gives off fumes’ accept ‘fumes can cause cancer’

•

it could burn the skin accept ‘it could drip on you’

•

it could start a fire accept ‘hot drips could start a fire’ do not accept ‘it keeps on burning when the flame is taken away’ 2 (L4)

[4]

M3.

(a) copper oxygen carbon answers may be in any order all three elements are required for the mark accept correct symbols for the elements accept ‘sulphur’ as one of the three elements 1 (L5)

(b)

any one from •

copper sulphide

•

copper oxide

•

sulphur dioxide

•

carbon dioxide 1 (L5)

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Harris Academy Battersea

(c)

sulphur dioxide do not accept ‘carbon dioxide’ 1 (L5)

[3]

M4.(a)

(i)

C2H4 1

(ii)

poly(ethene) 1

(b)

(i)

is not biodegradable 1

(ii)

not enough landfill sites / space accept landfill sites are filling up or plastics remain for years or plastics not broken down ignore cost / waste of resources / not biodegradable / wildlife 1

(iii)

recycle / burn accept reduce the amount of packaging used ignore reused 1

[5]

M5.

(a)

any two 1 mark each

burning / combustion fossil fuels or (locked up) carbon accept fuel / named fuel

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Harris Academy Battersea

oxygen used 2

(b)

any three from produces (calcium) carbonate which is insoluble produces (calcium) hydrogencarbonate which is soluble photosynthesis releases oxygen 3

[5]

M6.

(a)

(i)

sulfur dioxide / SO2 1

(ii)

global dimming 1

(iii)

carbon dioxide / CO2 ignore ozone 1

increases the levels (of carbon dioxide) accept it is a greenhouse gas or causes global warming / greenhouse effect 1

(b)

gas / oil bar correct length 1

coal bar correct length 1

[6]

Page 17

Harris Academy Battersea

M7.

Reused •

saves raw materials / crude oil • unable to reuse many times • bags easily split

•

saves energy / fuel / transport

•

fewer bags needed / made

•

reduces carbon / CO2 emissions

•

reduces use of landfill

•

saves cost of a new bag

•

no waste 1

Recycled •

saves raw materials / crude oil • has to be collected / transported / washed / separated / melted

•

saves energy / use of fuel

•

reduces carbon / CO2 emissions

•

reduces use of landfill

•

can be used for new products ignore uses energy 1

Burned •

heat / energy released can be used (for heating / generating electricity) • has to be collected / transported

•

reduces use of landfill • wastes the resource / plastic • releases harmful gases / toxic gases / CO2 1

Dumped •

collected / transported with household waste • wastes the resource

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Harris Academy Battersea

•

plastic uses landfill

•

(slowly) biodegrades or produces methane which can be used as a fuel • produces methane which is a greenhouse gas / could cause explosions

•

(not biodegradable so) does not release CO2 / green house gas into the air • not biodegradable / take years to decompose

ignore cost / litter / waste / global warming / habitats unless mentioned above 1

[4]

M8.

(a)

(i)

polyethene / poly(ethene) accept polythene / polyethylene 1

(ii)

needs heat / energy / high temperature / fuel (for cracking) ignore other processes 1

produces carbon dioxide / CO2 ignore use of CO2 or ‘produces carbon’ 1

(b)

any three from: •

use water from local sources or water from close to home

•

recycle bottles in the UK / close to home accept do not recycle in other countries / Asia

•

(reduction in distance travelled) would reduce CO2 emitted by transport accept use of transport with low / no carbon dioxide emissions

•

use tap water

•

use glass bottles / waxed cartons / metal bottles do not accept ‘do not use plastic bottles’ without an alternative material

•

do not put in landfill or recycle more

•

reuse / refill plastic bottles

•

tax imported water / plastic bottles (to offset carbon cost)

Page 19

Harris Academy Battersea

•

make more / all plastic bottles in UK answers must be about the reduction of carbon cost 3

[6]

M9.

(a)

(i)

monomers 1

(ii)

crude oil 1

(b)

any three from: •

metal may not corrode away / remains

•

plastic remains / does not break down (decay) / not affected by microorganisms accept non-biodegradable

•

should recycle / conserve resources / mend the kettle / burn (plastic) as a fuel accept it is a waste of materials / resources

•

landfill sites are limited / filling up

•

water pollution ignore harms wildlife / habitats or problems caused by burning the kettle 3

[5]

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