Marlborough Historic Property Survey - Book 1

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, PROPERTY INDEX

ARCHITECTURAL,

AND CULTURAL

RESOURCES: 8/31/95 rev. 8/97

MHC/Map Number

AQ T

K AH AD J AK

F

AC AP D V

AN AA Z G P AJ AB AF L A

W AE

S X H

E N AI

Y Q AM AG I

o AR U

AS R AO B AL C M

Beaman Lane Chestnut Hill Church Street Area Clover Hill Cook Lane East Main Street Area Elm Street Area Fainnount Hill Farm Rd.lWilson St. Area Fort Meadmv Area French Hill Frye Area Hillside School Hosmer/East Main St. Area Howe Farm Division Ho\ve Street Area Irving & Cottage Streets Lake Williams Area Lower Concord and Stowe Roads Lower Main/Maple Street Area Lower Pleasant St. Main Street Area Maplewood Area Marlborough Junction 6. 12. 16 McIntyre Court MechaniclHudson/ Ash St. Areas Middle Village Mt. Pleasant Hill 48. 52. 58 New10n Street Outer West Main Street Prospect Hill 72. 76 Rice Street Robin Hill SouthlWestlBeach Streets Spring Hill Spruce & John Streets Sudbury Reservoir Area (NR) Upper Pleasant St. Area Wachusett Aqueduct Area (NR) 43. 45 Washington Street West Hill Road Area West Main Street West Marlborough West Village Witherbee Street

Book 2. Sec. 1. Tab 4 Book 5. Sec. L Tab 15 Book 5. Sec. 1. Tab 6 Book 2. Sec. 2. Tab 2 Book 2. Sec. 2. Tab 4 Book 5. Sec. 1. Tab 5 Book 2. Sec. 2. Tab 10 Book 5. Sec. L Tab 1 Book 2. Sec. 2. Tab 14 Book 3. Sec. L Tab 1 Book 4. Sec. 2. Tab 14 Book 3. Sec. L Tab 6 Book 3. Sec. L Tab 12 Book 3. Sec. L Tab 14 Book 3. Sec. 1. Tab 15 Book 5. Sec. L Tab 2 Book 5. Sec. 1. Tab 11 Book 3. Sec. 2. Tab 5 Book 2. Sec. 2. Tab 7 Book 3. Sec. 2. Tab 9 Book 5. Sec. L Tab 7 Book 4. Sec. 2. Tab 11 Book 3. Sec. 2. Tab 13 Book 3. Sec. 2. Tab 14 Book 5. Sec. L Tab 14 Book 4. Sec. L Tab 2 Book 5. Sec. L Tab 3 Book 4. Sec. 2. Tab 15 Book 5. Sec. 2. Tab 9 Book 3. Sec. 2. Tab 10 Book 4. Sec. 1. Tab 9 Book 5. Sec. L Tab 12 Book 4. Sec. 1. Tab 11 Book 4. Sec. L Tab 13 Book 5. Sec. L Tab 4 Book 5. Sec. 1. Tab 10 On file with Mass. Hist. Comm. Book 4. Sec. I. Tab 8 On file with Mass. Hist. Comm. Book 5. Sec. L Tab 13 Book 4. Sec. 2. Tab 9 Book 4. Sec. 2. Tab 12 Book 5. Sec. 2. Tab 1 Book 4. Sec. 2. Tab 13 Book 5. Sec. 1. Tab 8

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: PROPERTY INDEX. cont, 8/31/95

NOTE: Although the inventory includes each entire area listed on Page 1, and outlined on each Area Sketch Map, only resources which have individual forms, or are mentioned in text of the Area Forms, have been given inventory numbers and are listed on the Index of Inventoried Properties. As a rule, these represent the most historically or architecturally significant resources surveyed. There are more historic properties located within most areas, however. (See the Area Sketch Maps for their locations.) Starred properties (*) are discussed on an individual or small area or streetscape form

MHC/Map Number

Street Address

Adams Street

391 390 389 388

14 16 18 32

Allen Court

702 703 704

1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161

1 3 5

Ames Place 11

19 26 30 31 36 40 43

Amold Street

299

36

Ash Street

19

Auburn

549 550

10 18

Street

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: PROPERTY INDEX, Cont. 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

Street Address

*81 *902

350 351

*808 *807 1186 1185 1184 1183 1182

First Baptist Church The Volunteer

Beach Street 16 75 St. Mary's Cemetery Immaculate Conception Cemetery 127 132 137

157 187

Beaman Lane 34

Belmont Street 19

Belmont Street Extension *909

661

Sligo Hill Water Tank

Berkeley Street 64

Berlin Road 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1252 *4

*652

43

54 61 100 116 170 250 396

399 561 615 616

SylvanusJEber Howe House S. Howe House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: PROPERTY INDEX, Cont. 8/31/95 MHC/Map Number

Street Address

1041 1040 1039 1038 1054

Bicknell Street 12 17 19 40 98

1231 1232 1233 1234 *38 1250 *39 1251

Bigelow Street 2 152 214 236 340 428 551 780

504 *193 505 473 *192 507 1054 1074 1055 1073 1056 1057 1058 1072 1059 1071 *104( demo!.) *73

Bolton Street 28 (30) 36 47 70 73 91 98 103 104 117 132 136 146 159 202 225 359 370

1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222

Bond Street 25 28 35 36 51 61 65

Randall/Phelps House J. Burke House Cutler House Shields House Howe/W oods House

City Home JosephfThaddeus

Howe Homestead

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: PROPERTY INDEX, Cont. 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

*77 *93 1101

*14

*15 *124

*125 *126

Boston Post Road (East) 1 91 547

929 982 1015 1015 1015

*907 *908

Simon Maynard House StowlWilliamsrremple House Seymour House William Hager House Amos/Jonas Darling House Parmenter/Garfield (Wayside Country) Store Cobbler's shop Workmen's Quarters Hager Pond Hager Pond Dam

Boston Post Road (West) 275

Boudreau Avenue 714 715

14

15

716

18

717 718

20 25 26 30

719

720 721

31

722

34

723

35

724

38

725

42

1139 1140

432 433 434

435 436 437

Bridge Street 8 12

29 33

40 44 48

52 Brigham Avenue

36

O'Connell O'Connell O'Connell O'Connell

rental rental rental rental

house house house house

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, PROPERTY INDEX, Cont.

ARCHITECTURAL,

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

1134 1135 1136 *34 *913 1189

1053 1052 1051

Brigham 34

Street

56

93 303

Brimsmead 73

Street

86 90

*95

Broad Street 9 10

*159

26

*141

Samuel Brigham II House Jericho Hill Ski Area William Felton House

West House J.W. Barnes House

Rev. Horatio Alger House St. Anne's Academy St. Mary's Rectory St. Mary's Church La Fleur House Flory House Vigeant House FeltonNigeant House Boudreau House Christmas House Christmas House

*96

349

348

46 52

342 341

68

307

135 144 148 168 181 191

306 305 304 303 302

301 300

79

195 236

Broadmeadow

1110

8/10

*23 *22

280 506

Brook Street 458 459

27

460

31 35

530 531

Brown Street 6 19

Street Barnes House Daniel Hayden House N ewtonlDadmun House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, PROPERTY INDEX, cont.

ARCHITECTURAL,

AND CULTURAL

MHC/Map Number

*XOO 532 Cashman Street Mentioned in Area H - Middle Village - No specific properties cited Cedar Hill Road

*920 (NR) Central Street

*805 *IX5 467 466 465 464 463 462 461

23 33

Old Common Cemetery Sts. Anargyroi Church Knowlton House Martin House

37 39 44 49 53 Chandler Street

1080 1079 1078 1077 1076

52 57 86 103 108 Charles Street

362

25 Chestnut Street

252 253 25.:1* 116 293 294 295 2% 297

19 33 53/55 X4 123 140 144 148 182

561 5G2 5G]

6

Barnes House James Belser House

Church Street 91 II

14

Bucklin rental house Sylvester Bucklin. 2nd House Bucklin rental house

RESOURCES: 8/31/95

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, PROPERTY INDEX, coot.

ARCIDTECTURAL,

AND CULTURAL

MHC/Map Number

Church

564 565 566

Street, cont.

15 18

Nourse House L.L. Tarbell House Methodist Parsonage First Methodist Church A.P. Sanborn House

34

567

50

*97

52

582 583 5846

90

609 653 654 655 656

146 177

95 95 Miller House J. O'Connell House

185 201

205

657

210

658 659 660

218 228 Church/78

Greenwood

252

552

Clinton Street 24

551

50

1187 1188

46

St.

Greenwood house Warner House

Clover Hill Street 187 Commonwealth

672

17 18

673

19

1098 1099 1100

44 56 58

*8

200 239 540

671

Concord

*634 *56 *635

*55

Road

787 1126

Cook Lane 1114 1115

1116

162 164 167

Aven ue

Joab Stow House Heman Stow House WeeksIHowe House Witt House Keyes(?)/Weeks House

RESOURCES: 8/31/95

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, PROPERTY INDEX, cont.

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

1117 *47

Cook Lane. cont. 172 407

*204

Corev Road 4

447 446

Cottage Street 1 2

1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 *121

Cotting Avenue 14 15 22 29 36/38 40 58 62

1. O'Connell rental house 1. O'COlmell rental house

Crane Meadow Road Hultman Shaft # 1, Wachusett Aqueduct Crane Meadow Arch Bridge

*921(NR) *922(NR)

352 353

Crescent Street 20 34

Cross Street Mentioned in Area D - French Hill - No specific properties listed Cullinane Drive 137

547 548

Dmis Street 12 22

493

Devens Street 12

494

ISO.

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISATORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, PROPERTY INDEX, cont.

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

Street Address

495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503

Devens Street, cant. 19 20 34/36 41 42 46 52 54/56 60

410 409 408 407

DO\v Place 1 3 4 6

1235

Dudley Street 39

S. Ames House

*21

Eager Court 45

Eager House

Historic Name

W.S. Frost House Boyd & O'Neil rental house Kellehan House

East Main Street *905 * 114 (demo!.) 535 536 533 90 539 *195 515 540 541 542 *200 544 545 560 546 559 557 *201

15 47 51 50 60 79 83 96 97 133 135 138 140 148 151 156 157 160 165

John P.Colleary Marker Dacey's Garage

ca. 1915 shingled bungalow William Stetson House Samuel Chipmen House J. Stowe House E. Stowe House Rice & Hutchins Middlesex Factory Nourse House Lewis Fleton house WhitneyIDadmunIHoIyoke House R.D. Mortimer House Bowen House Davis House Davis House c.L. Bliss House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, PROPERTY INDEX, cont.

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:

MHC/Map Number

Street Address

495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503

Devens Street cant. 19 20 34/36 41 42 46 52 54/56 60

410 409 408 407

Dovv Place 1 3 4 6

1235

Dudley Street 39

S. Ames House

*21

Eager Court 45

Eager House

8/31/95

Historic Name

W.S. Frost House Boyd & O'Neil rental house Kellehan House

East Main Street *905 * 114 (demo!.) 535 536 533 90 539 *195 515 540 ~J.I, .. 542 *200 544 545 560 546 559 557 *201

15 47 51 50 60 79 83 96 97 133 135 138 140 148 151 156 157 160 165

John PColleary Marker Dacey's Garage

ca. 1915 shingled bungalow' William Stetson House Samuel Chipmen House J. Stowe House E. Stm.ve House Rice & Hutchins Middlesex Factory Nourse House Le",..is Fleton house WhitneylDadmun/Holyoke House R.D. Mortimer House Bm.ven House Davis House Davis House c.L. Bliss House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, PROPERTY INDEX, cont.

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

556 558 555 *41 554 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087

East Main Street con1. 166 167 178

200

Davis House JohnJJasonIRufus Howe House

202 205 207 211 215 225

297

*94 *26(demol.)

255 334 350

666 667 668 669

Edinborough Street 101 149 153 161

Dennison Brigham House Coca Cola Bottling Plant John Stow House site of Warren School

Ellis Avenue Briefly mentioned in Area C. West Village, but no specific properties listed.

538 537

Elm Place 2 7 Elm Street

*142

68

285

113 118 127 159 190 213 245 265

28.:1-

283 *69 *68 282 1225 122() 1227 1228 1229 *42 (20) (NR) *57

Allen House Proctor House Samuel Howe House Caleb Brigham House

288 31 ] 314 377

475

1230

481

1240 *67

626 796

Madden House Peter Rice House Jacob and Thomas Rice House Solomon Rice House W. Arnold House Noah Brigham House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, PROPERTY INDEX, Couto

MHC/Map Number

ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 8/31/95

Street Address

Emmett Street 365

616 617 618

619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 *206

627

628 629 630

1118

4

Essex Street 40

42 62 77 78

81 87

89 99 119 124 133 160 166 180 191 268 Estabrook Avenue

1027

9/11 Exeter Street

662 663

*162 *163 *164 *165 *166 *167 *168 385 384 383

28 54 Fairmount Street 25

34 37 38 49 50

Fairmount Street, cont. 64 101

115 123

Joseph Cosgrove House Brigham/Davenport House Caleb Witherbee House Frederick Smith House Aldrich House T.P. Hurley House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: PROPERTY INDEX, Con!. DRAFT: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number Farm Road

1122 1121 1120 1119 *58 *13 *46

*639 *640 *59 *641 1113 1112 1111 1109 1108 1107 924 1106 1105 1104 1103 1102

343 344

29 66 92 104 180 218 327 386 at 386 418 458 523

540 580 667

Horn( e) House Arnold House Temple House Temple(?) House Harrington House Francis Barnard House John/Gershom Bigelow House Morse/Arnold House barn Joseph Morse House William Morse House Williams House Adonijah Newton House Joseph Arnold House Farm Road School (?)

685 694

714 721 747 793 815

Fay Court 13

345

14 17

346 347

22

19

Fowler Street *44

29

1063

34

Florence Street

411 412 *178 *179

64 77 82

Marlboro Electric Light Co. "" " transformer station

Forest Street

1199 1200 *810

27 43

Williams School Dadmun House Indian Burial Ground

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, PROPERTY INDEX, Con!.

ARCHITECTURAL,

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: DRAFf: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number Framingham

1126

38

*647

56 93

*648 1125 1124 1123

Road Michael Burke House Frank Billings House

139 171 172

Morse House Walker House Marlborough Filter Beds

*919 (NR)

516 517 518 519

520 521 522

292 291

Francis Street 21

37 49

68 78 90

Franklin 18

Street

22

290

26

289

30

288

38 43

287

Conley House Murphy House Hurley House Burke House

73

F. Simmons Howe rental Howe rental Howe rental

House house house house

Front Street *203 572 573 571

726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735

736

15 16 21

28

Frye Street 13 18

22 32 43 49 50

53 59

65 69

Coolidge House HunterlRice House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, PROPERTY INDEX, cont.

MHC/Map Number

Street Address

578 581 579 580

Gates Avenue 5 6 7 10

325 32-1323 322 321 320 319

Gav Street 9 10 17 20 35 55

Historic Name

E. Hudson House

59

119-11193 1192

Gleason Street 30 35 -1-8

1191 1190

Gleason Street Extension 18 26

1236 1237 *650 *651

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 8/31/95

Glen Street 1-162 228 at 228

B Brigham House barn

Goodale Road: (Chestnut Street in Hudson) 100 Goodale Homestead

Grace Circle 50

*9()..J. *903

Ward Park Artemus Ward Gates

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, PROPERTY INDEX, cont.

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

326

327 328 329 330 334 335

336

Grant Street 11 17 21 22 28

48

55 59

Grant Court Mentioned in Historical Narrative of Area H - Middle Village, but no individual properties mentioned. Greendale Avenue

678

3

674 675 676 677

62 73 77 145

599

Grove Street 10

Wilder House

Greenwood Street

Harrison Place. Hastings Street. Howe Court Mentioned in Historical Narrative of Area C - West Village, but no individual properties mentioned.

Han'ard Street

694

6 Havden Street

370 371 372 373

14 19 20 35

Hemenway Street

*638 *51 *49

271 768 786 High Street

527 52() *194

16 24 37

Hemenway House Supply Weeks House barn

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: PROPERTY INDEX, Cont. DRAFT: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number Highland Street 793 794 795 796 797 798

799 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018

13

27

30 31

38 47 55

60 68 76/78 77/79 84

103 107

108 122 128 134 135 136

141 144 149 156 157

*83

22 27

585

40

587

91

588 589

595 596

101 102 109 117 123 128 134 140 146

*205

153

597 598

154 180

590 591 592

593 594

Hutchins House E.L. Manning House

43

Hildreth Street

586

Clisbee House Hutchins House

Manning House H.W. Clark House Tayntor rental house Tayntor rental house Simmons rental house Frazel House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: PROPERTY INDEX, Cont. DRAFT: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

Street Address

1020 1019

Hollis Street 37 41

*27

1088 1089 1090 *52

*631 *632 *633

Hosmer Street 1 96 202

Fitzgerald (?) House Eager House

305

616 719 at 719 at 719

Uriah Maynard House Lewis Hapgood House cottage garagelbarn foundation

Howe Street *182 427

37

51

428 429

55

430

65 85

431 438 439 440

61

90 94

441

97 98

450 451

135

117

*180

137

452 453 454

158

*78

173

455

177

255

Howland Street 51

*118

55

256

257

71 (69) 73

258

81

766 767 768

Rice & Hutchins Curtis Shoe Factory O'Connell rental house O'Connell rental house

O'Connell rental house O'Connell rental house O'Connell rental house O'Connell rental house O'Connell rental house William Stetson House

141

168

Hudson Street 8

12 16

T.A. Coolidge Houe Coolidge Shoe Company

Barry House O'Donnell House Kirby House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, PROPERTY INDEX, cont.

MHC/Map Number

769 770 771 *61 923 772 773 774 775 776 777

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 8/31/95

Street Address

Hudson Street cont. 19 20 24 77 104 130 134 146 156 170

Tayntor Homestead Allen Howe Monument E. Howe House

1034 1035 1036 1037 480

Huntington Avenue 53/55 61 69 84 25

Robbins House M. Hutchins House C.W. Nourse House C.F. Davis house ca. 1910 four square

448 449

Irving Street 1 2

1. O'Connell rental house 1. O' Connell rental house

792 791 790 789 *645 *915

Jefferson Street 6 14 20 23 72

445

John Street 41

748

Kirby Street 32

1214 *62 *54(demoL) *649 1215

Lakeside Avenue 25 77 221 231

Manning House L.L. Walker House L.L. Wa1ker House Manning House Howe/Corbin factory Kelleher Field

William Gates House Ephraim Barber House BrownlMaynard House Pumping Station, Marlborough Waterworks

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, PROPERTY INDEX, cont.

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 8/31/95

M.P. Rogers House Wood-Willard Building Hall, Sandiford & Watson Machine Shop E. C. Whitney House Fitchburg R.R. Freight House Fitchburg R.R. Depot Frye Building Commonwealth Armory Marlborough Wire Goods Morse & Bigelow Store Morse & Bigelow storehouse William Howe House Saint Ann's Rectory Saint Ann's Church

C.O.F. Building MarshalllBeaudreau

BlockJPine Acres

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, PROPERTY INDEX, cont.

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

*72 *63

Lincoln Street, cant. 610/612 (109 Lakeside Ave.) 643

Edward Holyoke House Capt. William Holyoke House

Longlev Street Street #' s 7 - 17 mentioned in Area C - West Village: though no individual forms for these properties were written.

612 613 61.:1615

1149 1150 1151 529 1152

528 1153 *112(demol.) *113 *50 (NR) *911 *912 *80 ¥j27

*128 *64 *49 (NR) *129 (NR) *108

*1Oc; *105 * 130 *<31 *132 *133 *120 *901 *906 *13.:1*99 208 *65 (demol.) *900

Maddox Road 14 19 22 27 Main Street 10 12/14 28A 27 30 33 36/38 51 57

74

121 126/136 140 149 155 173 (169) 178-194 179-181 185-187 195-205 200/202 223/225 255

262-268 276 277 275-279

Engine House (?) Wood/Woodward House

Thayer Tavern Hollis Loring House John Cotting. Jr. House Union Common John Brown Bell Central Fire and Police Station FeeleylPastille Building Sher Building Marlborough City Hall Temple Building Warren Block Brigham & Eager Building Corey Building People's National Bank II People's National Bank I First National Bank Rice Building Marlborough High School ;'The Doughboy" Town Common/Site of First Meeting House Addison Block Middleton Building Pastimes TheatrelMarlborough Boys' Club Grand Anny Building Monument Square - Soldiers Monument

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, PROPERTY INDEX, Cont.

MHC/Map Number

Street Address

338 339 340 *72 *63

Lincoln Street, cont. 576 582 590 610/612 (109 Lakeside Ave.) 643

ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: DRAFT: 8/31/95

Edward Holyoke House Capt. William Holyoke House

Maddox Road 612 613 614 615

1149 1150 1151 529 1152 528

1153 *112 *113 *50 (NR) *911 *912

14 19 22 27

Main Street 10 12/14 28A 27 30 33

36/38

51 57

74

*80 *127 *128 *64 *49 (NR) *129 (NR) *108 *106 *105 *130 *131 *132 *133 *120 *901 *906 *134 *99

Engine House(?) Wood/Woodward House

121 126/136 140 149 155 173 (169) 178-194 179-181 185-187 195-205 200/202 223/225 255

262-268 276

208

277

*65(demol.)

275-279

Thayer Tavern Hollis Loring House John Catting, Jr. House Union Common John Brown Bell Central Fire and Police Station FeeleylPastille Building Sher Building Marlborough City Hall Temple Building Warren Block Brigham & Eager Building Corey Building People's National Bank II People's National Bank I First National Bank Rice Building Marlborough High School "The Doughboy" Town Common/site of First Meeting House Addison Block Middleton Building Pastimes Theater/Marlborough Boys' Club Grand Army Building

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, PROPERTY INDEX, Cont.

ARCHITECTURAL,

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: DRAFT: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

1148 1147 1146 1145 1144 1143 1142 1141 *92 1138 1137

Maple Street 13

22 31 37 38 45 63 76/78

85 104

690 691 692 *181 693

130

1127 1128 1129 925

1162

749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756

308 *910

"109 485

Draper/Boyd/Morse House George Morse House

42

689

*2

Moore House E.P. Dart House

30

Boyd/Bennett House Whitcomb/Greenwood House Murphy House H & C Greenwood House Wright/Page House Dennison Manufacturing Co.

142 164 175 176 200 350 406 410

Maple Terrace 1

Maplewood 15 19 22 24 40

William O'Connell

House

Avenue Wright House

44 67 122

Martin 14/16

Street Stevens/Howe

McEnelly 20 29

Playground

Street George

Brigham House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, PROPERTY INDEX, Coot.

MHC/Map Number

Street Address

575

McIntyre Court 6

576 577

12 16

*135 *155 *105

245 *70 *156

*71 246 *157 778

32 40

47 53 140/142 150 153

176 183

782

184 200 201

783

209

784 785 786

230

787

294

788

303

523

Middle Street 13

670

Midland Street 9

1130 1131 1132

Mill Street 9 15 168

*1241

*917 *918

Marlborough Savings Bank Old Post Office Coolidge House O.W. Albee House

57

780

*916

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: DRAFT: 8/31/95

Mechanic Street 7/9

779 781

ARCffiTECTURAL,

244 269

Loren Arnold House Doyle House

Stanley House Hartnett House Toohy House Barlow House Frye leather factory

MiIIham Reservoir Marlborough Water Works Station #2 Millham Brook dam Millham Brook channel

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: PROPERTY INDEX, Coot. DRAFT: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

Street Address

1025 1024

Monroe Avenue 1 3

Monument Avenue 9

354 355

Mount Pleasant Street 32 38

356 357

40

358 359

51

43 (45)

82

Mountain Avenue 6

424 423

422 421 420

419 418

Neil Street 14

22 27 28

32 42 59

417 416

67

415 414

81

413

101

75 95

Newton Street *177 406

*405 *404

39 47 48 52

*403

58

402

57 62 65

401

400

Henry Eager House Nahum Witherbee House Joel Gleason House Clark House Hiram Fay House William A. Alley House E.F. Johnson House Smith/Brigham House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, PROPERTY INDEX, Cout.

ARCHITECTURAL,

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: DRAFT: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

399 *176 398 397 *175 396 *174 *173 *172 *171 395 *170 *169 394 393 392

Newton 68

A.e. Weeks House W.H. Onthank House H.D. Barker House J. Frank Childs House G.H. Whitney House

82/84

85 88/90

97 98

HowelBond House Caniel F. O'Connell House Derby/W.W. Witherbee House DavenportlBoynton House Herbert Wright House M.J. McCarthy House Charles Farrell House H.e. Curtis House Charles Robinson House F.e. Curtis House

101 105 106 111 114 120 125 126

Robin Hill Road (Lynch Boulevard) Robin Hill Cemetery

*91 1238 *24

Northborough 31 61 139

251 250 249 248 247

Norwood 16 19 40 45 49

366 367 *88

387 386

cont.

74 80

North *803

Street,

Orchard 18 22

Road FeltolllBrown/Dunton House Fairbanks House Gershom Rice II House

Street

Street

Park Street 34 51

F. Kelleher House J. Giblin House Brigham (Bigelow)

School

George Taylor House Emerson Gibson House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, PROPERTY INDEX, cont.

MHC/Map Number

-.-.-.

-)-)-)

Street Address

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 8/31/95

Historic Name

Paris Street

11

332 331

18 23

707 708 709 710 711 712 713

Pearl Street 15 23 29 35 38 42 53

Pleasant Court Mentioned in Historical Narrative section of Area C - West Village - no specific properties cited.

222 *154 *153 *152 *151 *150 *149 *148 *147 *146 *262 *261 *53 *74 *79 *117 *75 260 *143 259 *87 705 *642 706 695 *643 *644 696 697 698 699

Pleasant Street 5 20 22 28 32 40 41 46 47 52 53-57 60 64 86

117 121 126 154 182 187 190 200 at 207 at 207 207 208 208A 222

Cutting House w.P. Brigham House O.H. Stevens House William Morse House Unitarian Parsonage E.!. Morse House William Dadmun House E.I. Sawyer House

John Clisbee House West Meeting House/West Church Fire Station #2 Howe/Corbin Shoe Factory Dr. John Baker House F.A. Howe House John Holyoke House Lewis T. Frye House Mitchell School

Davenport House Frye outbuilding Frye outbuilding HowelFrye House/Convent of St. Catherine George Russell House HowelWheeler House Russell Frye House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: PROPERTY INDEX, Couto 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number Pleasant Street, cant.

700 701

223 234

*122 *123

235 241

1253 1254

250

1255 764 765 1256 1257 1258 1259

Hazelton House Robert Frye House L.A!L.P. Howe House FryelLawrence house S.c. Fay House

268 274 275 281

282 287 294 298

*801 1260

300

*43

343 374 378

1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282

380

462 515 525 556 716

760

664 665

Plymouth Street 71 79

758

Preston Street 13

759

19

760 761

21 24

762 763

88 102

*98

*183 *184468 1021

Ozias Huntington House E.E. Hutchins House David Brown House

Immaculate Conception Church James McDonald House Dr. James Campbell House J. Gleason House Clisbee/Gordon House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: PROPERTY INDEX, Cont. 8/31/95 MHC/Map Number

Street Address

Prospect Street, cont.

1022 1023 1026 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033

82 85 93 103 114 120 132 136 146

Pope House Hollis Tayntor House George Cate House Michael Dee House

Rawlins Avenue

209 Red Spring Road

1284 1285 1286 1287 1288

13 25 33 35 Reservoir Street

*914

474 475 476 *477 478 *479

Rice Street 17 23

66 72

73 76 Ringold Street

381

53

382

57

1133

54

River Street

Hurley House Hurley House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, PROPERTY INDEX, Cont.

ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

Robin Hill Road

1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249

192 at 192

217 356 402 407 419 438 at 438

Cook( e) House barn Dalyrymple/Waugh House Bigelow farmhouse Drinkwater Hall, Hillside School barn/gymnasium, Hillside School Bigelow farmhouse barn

Roosevelt Street

737

60 Rvan Court

513

1

574

Sawin Street 26

*89

Shawmut Avenue

679 680 681 682 683 684 685

686 687 688

20 22 24 57 62

122 126 138

158 172 Short Street

1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047

31

32 34

35 43

49

Flanagan House Drummy House Callahan House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC. PROPERTY INDEX, cont.

MHClMap Number

Street Address

ARCHITECTURAL,

AND CULTURAL

Historic Name

South Street

3M 343 361 360 *160 1178 1177 1179 1176 1175 1174 1173 1172 1171 1170 926

26 ..,..,

1. Collins House

-)-)

45 46/48 62 122 131 160 250 251 259 262 279 280 320

1. White House 1. Donahan House Thomas Gately House . South Street School (7) "The Arcade" McCarthy House O. McGee House T. McGee House A. Brigham House Uriah/John G. Brigham House Piave Monument

Spoon Hill Avenue

"'12

33

Stowe House

Spring Street

739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 *25

83 85 89 93 101 105 109

525 524

7

III

113 Asa Brigham Tavern Spring Hill Avenue 9

Spruce Street

442 443 444

1 3 4

Stacv Road

~092

77

1. 0' Connell rental house 1. 0' Connell rental house J. O'Connell rental house

RESOURCES: 8/31/95

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: PROPERTY INDEX, Cont. 8/31/95 MHC/Map Number

Street Address

1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070

State Street 18 42 54 67 72 73 75

*199 543 *196 *197 *85 *198 *809 *5 (demol.) 1062

1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 *7 1291 1292 *636 *637 *9 *6 (60)

Stevens Street 3/5 4/6 10 16 17 24

o.P. Walker House Brigham duplex Brigham House Thankful Stowe House John Chipman House L. P. Whitney House Chipman/Rocklawn Cemetery Aaron Stevens House

108

Stow Road 14 2 54 58 79 197 337 547 at 547 689 726

310 309

Sumner Street 17 42

1050 1049 1048

Tremont Street 13 14 80

Moriarty House Uriah Eager House garage Samuel Hunting House barn Perry House Josiah Howe House

J. O'Brien House St. Louis House e.G. Watson House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, PROPERTY INDEX, coot.

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

1061 1060 *18 (40) *646

456 457

Union Street 42

69 115

157

Howe House Joseph Howe II1William Howe House Nurses' Home, Marlborough Hospital

Vallev Street 48 52

Versailles Street Mentioned in Historical Narrative section of Area D - French Hill - no specific properties cited, Vine Street

567 568 569

11 22 26

*202

7

Walnut Avenue

Warren Avenue

611 610 *207 608 607 606 605 604 603 602 601 600

14/16 24 56 75 79 83 87 93 97 103 117 134 Washington Court

*l91 *190 *189

11 17 25

Immaculate Conception Convent IC Parish HouselRectory Immaculate Conception School

Washington Street

*86 492 *491 *490

15 33 43 45

Washington Street (Freeman) School D, Brady House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL. AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: Cont. 8/31/95

PROPERTY INDEX,

MHC/Map Number

Street Address

Union Street 1061 1060

42

*18 (40) *646

115 157

69

Howe House Joseph Howe II/William Howe House Nurses' Home, Marlborough Hospital

Valley Street 456 457

48

52

Vine Street 567

11

568 569

22 26

Walnut Street 7

Warren Avenue 611

14/16

610 *207

24 56

608

75

607

79

606

83

605

87 93 97 103 117

604 603 602

601 600

134 Washington Court

*191 *190

11

*189

25

Immaculate Conception Convent IC Parish House!Rectory Immaculate Conception School

*86

Washington Street 15 33

Washington Street (Freeman) School D. Brady House

492 *491 *490

17

43

45

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, PROPERTY INDEX, Cont.

ARCHITECTURAL,

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

Washington 489

51

488 487 486

58

484

483 482 481

c.A. Warren House J. Allen House S. Smith House G. Flynn House G. Flynn House Mulligan House

65

69 70 84 92 110

Water 375 *161

Street, cont.

Street

26

369

35 55

368

61

274

Water Terrace 9

West Street

1180 1181

15 28

West Hill Road

1273 1272 1271 1270

10 22 32 41 West Main Street

210

32

211

38 35

*84 212 *136

42

49

*137

50 57

214

63

215 *138

64

216 217 218

72

213

65-69 74/76 75

E.A. Bradley House A. Walker House Marlborough Public Library W. Walker House John Stone House W. Walker House Phelps (?)/Swift House Walker double-house Alden (?)/Phelps Houe Walker double-house Whitney double-house

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, PROPERTY INDEX, Cont.

ARCHITECTURAL,

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

West Main Street, cant. 219

78

220 *139 221

80

223

97 (95)

224

99 100

225

226 227 228 229 230

231 232 233

85

86

103

110 111 112 113 115 120 123

234 235 236

146 148/150 154

237 238

155 159

*140

167 174 184 (186)

239

240 241 242

Rivers House

190 201

244 *806 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212

208 218 224 225 230 231 234

235 238 259

261 Westernview Road

1290

J.e. Rock House

187

243

1213

Carley House Christian Science Church E.S. Hallet House

48

H. Howe House Vigeant House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: PROPERTY INDEX, Cont. 8/31/95

MHC/Map Number

Street Address

927 1195

34

1196 1197

86 154 250

1198

1201 1202 1203

291 293

bronze and stone marker c.c. Hyde House

Taylor/Stevens House Whitcomb/Stevens Farm I. Dickerman Farm

615

Winter Street

1223 1224

62

70

Winthrop Street 263

264 266 267

14 43

51 65

Witherbee Street

*281 *280 *279 *278 *277 *276 *275 *274 *273 *272 *271 *270 *269

19

25

28 29 35 39

40 43

44 50

51 59 60

G. Fl.etcher House L.E. Fletcher House L.c. Holden House Mrs. C. Phelps Houe John Fay House Thomas Boggs House Sidney Brigham House Harriet Brown House Elbridge Howe House Reuben Dole House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: RESOURCES POTENTIALLY ELIGffiLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES

8/25/95 NOTE: Only thirteen historic resources in Marlborough are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, in eight nomination forms--for the Wachusett Aqueduct District, the Water Supply System of Metropolitan Boston (including a separate nomination for the Marlborough Brook Filter Beds), the John Cotting House, the Goodale Homestead (in both Hudson and Marlborough), the Peter Rice House, the Temple Building, and the Warren Block. Many more properties are eligible for listing, either individually or as part of a district.

1. Potential National Register Districts NOTE: Documentary and contextual information on these potential districts is to be found, in some cases, on individual inventory forms, and in others, on large area forms. Some potential districts represent only a portion of the total properties included on an area form; others overlap the boundaries between two or more areas. In the latter case, information from more than one area form could be combined to form the basis for a district nomination.

BOSTON POST ROAD: Wayside area: a small district based both on architectural and developmental significance, as well as the involvement of Henry Ford in the creation of an early-twentieth-century "historic" village. EAST MAIN/MIDDLESEX SQUARE: Intersection of Lincoln/Stevens/E. Main from ca. 135 through 167 E. Main. Includes lower Stevens St. to #24 and the Chipman Cemetery, and 7 Walnut Street. FARM ROAD: FAIRMOUNT

from #29 through 458, possibly extending thematically to #580. HILL: Fairmount Street through #64, Newton Street from #39 to end.

HILLSIDE SCHOOL:

192 through 438 Robin Hill Road.

MAIN STREET, from #51 (the Thayer Tavern) through Bates Avenue, with short sections of side streets: Bolton to #36, 37 High Street, Prospect through #27, Rawlins Street (White City Diner), east side of Washington Court, Washington Street from Immaculate Conception School to Prospect, MONUMENT SQUARE/LOWER MECHANIC STREEf: the Commonwealth Armory on Lincoln Street.

Monument Square to Lincoln Street, including

PLEASANT STREET: first block, through #64; possibly including the West Church and the Morse & Bigelow Store on Lincoln Street. PLEASANT STREET:

Fire Station #2 through #126 Pleasant, including the Frye Boot Co.

PLEASANT AND ELM STREETS: Pleasant Street near the intersection of Elm, including the Mitchell School, L.A.fL.P. Howe House, and 68 Elm Street. Might be extended south to Fire Station #2 combine with the previous district. UPPER PLEASANT STREET: Pleasant Street from the Walter Frye House (187 Pleasant) through 235, (the L.P. Howe House). Might be combined with the district above. ST. MARY'S area: St. Anne's Academy, St. Mary's Rectory, St. Mary's Church; possibly including #225 West Main Street. WEST MAIN STREET: from #32 through 123, including some sections of associated side streets: Winthrop to Witherbee, most of Witherbee.

1

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORlC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: RESOURCES ELIGmLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORlC PLACES

8/25/95

2. Properties individually eligible Based on the information gathered in the two phases ofthe survey of 1993-95, in the consultant's opinion, the following properties are likely to qualify individually for National Register designation because of their importance to the community, region, or country, and for their well-preserved architecture.

MHClMap

#

Historic name

Street address ASH STREET

11

19

Solomon

Barnes House

BATES AVENUE First Baptist Church

81

BEACH

STREET Immaculate Conception S1, Mary's Cemetery

807 808

BELMONT

STREET

909

BERLIN

4

EXTENSION Sligo Hill Water Tank

ROAD

615

BIGELOW

Sylvanus/Eber

340

39

551

BOLTON 370

STREET

73

BOSTON

POST ROAD

14

929

15

982

BRIGHAM

Abraham Howe House Benjamin Howe House

Joseph Howe House

William Hager House Amos/Jonas Darling House

STREET

303

BROAD 141

9

Howe House

STREET

38

34 (45)

Cemetery

Samuel Brigham,

II House

STREET Rev. Horatio

2

Alger, Sr. House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL. AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: RESOURCES EUGmLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES 8/25/95 2. Properties individually eligible,. cont. MHC/Map #

Street address

22

BROADMEADOW 506

Historic name ROAD NewtonlDadmun Homestead

BROWN STREET Spring Hill Cemetery

800

CENTRAL STREET 805

Old Common Cemetery

116

CHESTNUT STREET 84

56

CONCORD ROAD 540

55

1126

John Howe, Jr/William Weeks House John Weeks House

21

EAGER COURT 45

Eager House

195

EAST MAIN STREET 83

Samuel Chipman House

69

ELM STREET 159

57

475

58

FARM ROAD 180

59

418

164

166 167 168

44

FAIRMOUNT 37 49 50

Frye Boot Co.

Samuel Howe House Jacob and Thomas Rice House

William and John Harrington House Joseph and William Morse House

STREET

64

Caleb Witherbee House S.N. Aldrich House Thomas Hurley House William A. Onthank House

FOWLER STREET 29

John Howe House

3

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: RESOURCES EliGIBLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES

8/25/95 2. Properties MHC/Map

650,651

#

individually

eligible,. cont.

Street address GLEN STREET

228

B. Brigham

HEMENWAY

51

768

83

HILDRETH 27

205

153

52

HOSMER 616

HOWE 182

37

78

173

House and bam

STREET Supply and John Weeks House

STREET Rev. Sylvester Bucklin Housel Marlborough Hospital Hildreth(?)/Robinson House

STREET Uriah Maynard

House

STREET Rice & Hutchins Shoe Factory Hezekiah Maynard House

LINCOLN

144

Historic name

STREET

419

Morse & Bigelow store

MAIN STREET 911 112 113

80 64 105 120

Union Common Thayer Tavern Loring/Curtis House Central Fire Station Marlborough City Hall Peoples National Bank, II Marlborough High School

51 57 140 179-181

MAPLE

STREET

92 181

63 175

105

70

MECHANIC 40 53

171 170

NEWTON 105 111

FarwelllO'Connell House Dennison Manufacturing Co.

STREET Post Office O.W. Albee House

STREET William N. Davenport House Michael J. McCarthy House

4

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCIDTECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: RESOURCES ELIGmLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES

8/25/95 2. Properties individually eligible,. cant. MHC/Map

#

Street address

Historic name

803

NORTH ROBIN HILL ROAD (LYNCH BOULEVARD) Robin Hill Cemetery

91 24

NORTHBOROUGH 31 139

150 148 147

53

ROAD

PLEASANT STREET 40 46

47 64

79

122

235

801

Felton/Brown/Dunton House Gershom Rice, II Homestead

William Morse House E.I. Morse House William Dadmun House John Clisbee House Fire Station #2 L.A!L.P. Howe House Maplewood Cemetery

PROSPECT STREET 183 184

23 27

McDonald House Campbell House

12

SPOONHILL AVENUE 33

Stow House

199 85

STEVENS STREET 3/5 17

809

O'P. Walker House John Chipman House Chipman and Rocklawn Cemeteries

STOW ROAD 60

726

Josiah Howe House

SUDBURY STREET

802

Weeks Cemetery

UNION STREET 18

115

Joseph Howe, II/William Howe House

5

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: RESOURCES EUGffiLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES

8/25/95 2. Properties

MHC/Map #

individually

eligible,. cont.

Street address WATER

161

Historic

name

STREET

35

Philip Byrne House

WEST MAIN STREET 84 137

35

Marlborough Public Library Stephen Phelps House Brigham Cemetery

65/69

806

WILSON

STREET

804

3. Properties

902

Wilson Cemetery

eligible as part of a National

STREET

192

BOSTON 1015

POST ROAD

124-126

BROAD

95

20

159

26

Congregational RandalllPhelps

(East) Store complex

STREET St. Anne's Academy St. Mary's Rectory S1. Mary's Church

CENTRAL

STREET Sts. Anargyroi

185

COOK 407

Parsonage House

Parmenter/Garfield

96

47

District.

BATES AVENUE The Volunteer

BOLTON 28 (30) 36 73

504 193

Register

Church

LANE Silas Temple

6

House

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: RESOURCES ELIGmLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES

8125/95 3. Properties

eligible as part of a National

MHClMap#

Street address

Register

district,. cont, Historic name

EAST MAIN STREET

542

135

200

138

544 545

140 148 151 156

560 546

559 557

157

201 556

165 166 167

558

Nourse House Felton House WhitneylDadmunIHolyoke Mortimer House Bowen House Davis House

160

House

Davis House c.i, Bliss House Davis House

ELM STREET

132

68

FARM

1122 1120 1119 13 46

639 641 1113 1112 1111

ROAD

29

Horn House Temple House Temple(?) House Francis Barnard homestead John and Gershom Bigelow Homestead Morse/Arnold House William Morse House Williams House Adonijah Newton House Joseph Arnold House

92

104 218 327 386

458

523 540

580

FAIRMOUNT 162 163 165

25 34 38

194

HIGH 37

119; 186-187 188

293-301 305/307

102

342 350

Joseph Cosgrove House Brigham/Davenport House Frederick Smith House

STREET

LINCOLN

82

STREET

Union Church

STREET Wood/Willard factory complex Fitchburg Railroad freighthouse Frye Building Commonwealth Armory

7

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: RESOURCES ELIGmLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES 8125/95

3. Properties eligible as part of a National Register district., cont. MHC/Map #

Historic name

Street address

MAIN STREET 912

127 128 106 130 131 132 133 134

99

John Brown Bell FeeleylPastille Building Sher Building Corey Building People's National Bank, I

121 126-131 186

187 195-205 200-202 223-225 262-268

First National Bank Rice Block Addison Block Middleton Building The Doughboy Town Common

276

901 906

135

155

MECHANIC STREET 7/9 32

Marlborough Savings Bank

41

245

47

156

54 57

MONUMENT

Coolidge House

SQUARE

900

169-177,.

Soldiers' Monument

NEWTON STREET entire street, from 39-125, (with the exception of 94 Newton)

392-405

PLEASANT STREET 146-154; 261-262

20-60

74

86 117 121 126 154

75

260 143 259

87 642 695 643,644 696

697

187 200

207 207 208

(first block-see Area Form L) West Church (West Meetinghouse) Dr. John Baker House F.A. Howe House Rice/Holyoke House Lewis Frye Houwe Mitchell School Walter Frye House W.N. Davenport House Frye outbuildings Howe/Frye House/Convent of St. Chretienne George Russell House

8

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: RESOURCES EUGmLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES

8/25/95

3. Properties MHC/Map

698

699 700 701

#

eligible as part of a National

Register

Street address PLEASANT 208A

Historic name

STREET,

cont. Howe/Wheeler House Russell Frye House Herbert Hazelton House Robert Frye House

222 223 234

PROSPECT

STREET

98

Immaculate

RAWLINS

HILL ROAD

192

402 407 419 438

barn/gymnasium Bigelow farmhouse

Brigham duplex Brigham House Thankful Stowe House WhitneyIHall House

16 24

STREET

7

WASHINGTON 11 17

Thomas Jackson

16

House

COURT

25

WASHINGTON 86

and bam

STREET

4/6 10

WALNUT

191 190 189

Cook farmhouse and outbuildings DalyrymplelWaugh House Bigelow farmhouse Drinkwater Hall, Hillside School

217 356

STEVENS

202

Church

White City Diner

ROBIN

543 196 197 198

Conception

AVENUE

209

1241, 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248, 1249

district. cant.

Immaculate Immaculate Immaculate

Conception Conception Conception

Convent Rectory School

Washington

Street School

STREET

105-116

9

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF mSTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: RESOURCES ELIGIBLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES 8/25/95

3. Properties eligible as part of a National Register district. cont. MBClMap#

Street address

Historic name

136-139; 210-233

WEST MAIN STREET 32-123

263+

WINTHROP STREET 14-24

269-281

WITHERBEE 19-60

STREET

10

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES: NARRATIVE HISTORY

September 15, 1994 Revised June 1, 1995

Yonder on that hill is Marlborough, a town which in autumn, at least when I visited it, wears a rich appearance of rustic plenty and comfort--ample farms, good houses, profuse apple heaps, pumpkin mountains in every enclosure, orchards left ungathered, and in the Grecian piazzas of the houses, squashes ripening between the columns. -- Henry David Thoreau, quoted in Ella Bigelow, Historical Reminiscences of the Early Times in Marlborough, Massachusetts. 1910.

INTRODucnON The city of Marlborough, incorporated as a town in 1660, has a long and varied history, from the period when its hospitable terrain of rolling hills and clear streams supported native activity, through over 150 years as an agricultural community, another century as one of the shoemanufacturing capitals of New England, and on into a late-twentieth-century identity as a diversified residential, high-technology, and business city. The Survey of Historic, Architectural, and Cultural Resources, through its comprehensive examination of the buildings, structures, landscapes and objects remaining from all historical periods, is a vital tool in forming an understanding of how the community has developed. (Specific rsources documented on the survey have been given an identification number by the Massachusetts Historical Commission. In this history those numbers follow the name of a property.) POLITICAL BOUNDARIES Marlborough is situated twenty-eight miles west of Boston and sixteen miles east of Worcester, at the western border of Middlesex County. It is a six mile long east-west rectangle, bounded today on the north by Berlin and Hudson, on the east by Sudbury and Framingham, south by Southborough, and on the west by Northborough. Its territory was included in the 1638 Sudbury grant, from which a section was set off for an "Indian Praying Town" in 1654. In 1656 the English government issued a grant for a new plantation of "Whipsufferadge" here at the western frontier of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and in 1660 the plantation was incorporated as the town of Marlborough. In 1700 some former Indian lands were annexed, but from that time on the size of Marlborough was repeatedly reduced by the formation of new towns-Westborough (1717), Southborough (1727), Berlin (1784), and Hudson (1866). TOPOGRAPHY Throughout its history, Marlborough has been noted for the beauty of its rolling terrain and its hospitable topography, which is characterized by an abundance of hilly, glacially-formed uplands. The landscape is dominated by twelve hills over 400-feet high, the tallest of which is Sligo Hill, at 590 feet. One, Ockoocangansett, just north of the center of town, was the seventeenth-century site of the ca. 20o-acre Indian "planting field". The soil ranges from rocky to gravelly, and the 1

vegetation is largely deciduous, interspersed with some stands of coniferous trees. Marlborough has a highland watershed, with only one natural lake, Lake Williams, and several small ponds and minor brooks and streams. Although a short section of the Assabet River bisects the northwest border on its way to Hudson, (once part of Marlborough), the community that is today the city of Marlborough developed without the advantage of water power from any major rivers. Areas of upland bog and swamp occupy the rocky eastern third of the community, and large wetlands exist in the southern part, a portion of which may be a remnant of the original cedar swamp so desirable to the early settlers. The southeastern-most wetlands, which supply the Sudbury Reservoir, are now part of the Boston water supply system. The south and east sections drain into the Sudbury River; the north and west into the Assabet.

CONTACT PERIOD (1500-1620) The fertile upland soil and the wetlands and streams of Marlborough supported native American activity long before the European settlers arrived. The area was peopled by inland Nipmuc groups, and others passed through on their seasonal migrations. Indians could canoe from as far up as the "narrows" of Fort Meadow Brook down to the Assabet, and thence to the Sudbury, the Concord, and ultimately via the Merrimack River to the Atlantic. Along the way, their principle objective would have been Wamesit (Lowell) near the confluence of the Concord and the Merrimack. Marlborough is sited at the edge of the interior highland along an axis of western Indian trails. The most important was the major native regional route, the Connecticut Path, which passed east/west through what later became the center of town roughly along the line of today's Boston Post Road/Route 20. Secondary native routes are conjectured to have gone northeast along Concord Road and possibly Hemenway Street, and in the southeast section along Farm Road to Broadmeadow, with a possible branch down Parmenter Road. It is also likely that a trail that skirted the base of Ockoocanganset Hill turned north toward the Assabet along the line of Pleasant Street, with branches up West Hill, Berlin, and Bigelow Streets. Settlement Pattern/Archaeological Resources Several native sites have been identified in Marlborough, including an early one overlooking Flagg Swamp in the northwest section of town. Summer camps were situated near Causeway Street at the Hudson border, and on Mount Ward in the east part of the city. Unspecified sites were also located on Ockoocanganset Hill, and adjacent to Fort Meadow Reservoir. Other likely locations include the terraces and knolls at the northwest corner of town overlooking the Assabet River, the shores of Lake Williams, and at what may be native rock shelters along Flagg, Millham, and other brooks. An Indian burial ground (Form 810) is located in the southwest part of town, and two others have been identified at Bolton and Union Streets and in the HighlandlUnion Street area. Subsistence Pattern The diverse upland terrain throughout Marlborough supported hunting and gathering activities, and there would have been abundant fishing in its ponds and streams, with seasonal runs in the Assabet of shad, herring, and salmon. The local Indians took advantage of the good agricultural soils, establishing cornfields and orchards here by the first half of the seventeenth century.

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FIRST SETTLEMENT PERIOD (1620-1675) Today's Marlborough was originally included in the 1638 Sudbury grant to a group of English colonists. Sudbury's territory was enlarged several times, including, in 1656, by the addition of a ca. six-mile-square plantation to its southwest first named "Whipsufferadge" ("Whipsuppenickelt), and later called Marlborough Plantation. A provision of the granting of the plantation required that it be settled by at least twenty English families within three years' time. Reserved out of the new area, however, were the 200-acre "Indian Planting Field", and a ca. 6400-acre tract that had been designated as an Indian "Praying Town" called Ockoocangansett, under the Rev. John Eliot, one of seven he established. Another 842 acres of the plantation had been granted to John Alcock(e) in 1655, and the "Alcocke Farm" remained an independent area through several decades of Marlborough's early settlement. Situated here on the western frontier of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Whippsufferadge soon became an intermediate post between Boston and the Connecticut River settlements to the west. A fort was even established here sometime before 1675. Transportation routes through the new territory at first followed the existing native trails, and the Bay Colony undertook the improvement of the section of the Connecticut Path that led to the Marlborough Plantation. Population and Settlement. Fewer than fifty families from branches of the Natick and Wamesit tribes settled at Eliot's 1654 Praying Town, which was located in the northeast quadrant of presentday Marlborough. The first Englishman to move here is believed to have been John Howe, who arrived early in 1658. The rest of the first group of settlers to come from Sudbury, numbering 15 to 20 familes, began to arrive by the next year. In 1660, the Marlborough Plantation was incorporated as the town of Marlborough, with 38 house-lots granted to its proprietors. The first eleven houses were arranged in a small nucleated settlement flanking the Connecticut Path between Ockoocangansett and Fairmount Hills. Among the first orders of business in the new town were the building of a meetinghouse, which was constructed by 1662-63 at the southwest comer of the Indian Planting Field, apparently because that location, as was required in the siting of meetinghouses, was the geographical center of the town. The Rev. William Brinsmead (Brimsmead) was chosen as the town minister, and shortly thereafter, possibly during the first year, approximately two acres of land on Spring Hill were designated as a burial ground. Over the next fifteen years the settlement became more dispersed, with settlers establishing outlying farms and mills at locations some distance from the center where the soil was good or water power from the streams could be utilized. Partly because of legal restrictions placed on any new settlers, initial population growth was slow. By 1670 there were about forty English families here, numbering about 210 people. Five years later, however, during King Philip's War, most of the settlers left Marlborough, some never to return. Small outlying communities were the most vulnerable during this two-year conflict, and Marlborough, like other towns near the frontier, experienced the violence of King Philip's War first-hand. Eight or ten houses were designated as "garrisons" to which the English residents could flee during an attack, and, as a precaution, the Indian residents of the town were rounded up and sent to Deer Island in Boston harbor. Marlborough became a depot for war provisions and munitions, and a regional base for the colonial operations against the Indians, especially for the 3

campaigns to Lancaster and Sudbury. Indian "depredations" were reported in the town, and several Marlborough men were killed in area battles and skirmishes. In August of 1675 the town of Brookfield was destroyed, leaving Marlborough as the westernmost settlement between Boston and the Connecticut River. Capt. Edward Hutchinson, who had been shot in the famous ambush near Brookfield, was brought to Marlborough, where he died of his wounds, and was interred in the first marked grave in the Spring Hill Cemetery (See Inventory Form 800). Then, on March 26, 1676, a band of Indians attacked the town, burning thirteen houses, eleven barns, and the meetinghouse.

Economic base. In the town's early years both its native and English economy were largely agriculturally-based; in fact, the English government had chosen the site for the Marlborough plantation because of the agricultural and grazing potential of its uplands and meadows. The Colonists also engaged in some trade with Indians of the region. As Marlborough was a primary transportation locus west of Sudbury, taverns were established here early. The first, John How's Tavern, opened on the Post Road some time between 1661 and 1670. Architecture Most of the first houses in Marlborough were undoubtedly small, and, if the meetinghouse is a typical example, had thatched roofs. However, the description of the house of the Rev. Brinsmead, and the residence of citizen John Ruddocke, on which it was modeled, meet the definition of a true First Period "manor house". The minister's house was 26 by 18 feet long, four by two bays, with two facade gables, each with two small windows. It is not certain whether any buildings that may have survived the 1675 burning still remain, although, according to tradition, part of the John How(e) House at 29 Fowler Street, (Form 44), may pre-date King Philip's War.

COLONIAL PERIOD (1676·1775) In the century between King Philip's War and the Revolution, Marlborough underwent a gradual evolution from a frontier town to a thriving regional center. It was heterogeneous both socially and economically, and developed into a community that, though still largely rural, encompassed both yeoman farms and the stylish homes of the affluent gentry. The early eighteenth century was a time of major losses and gains in territory for the town. In 1700 the town acquired a large tract of land north of the Indian plantation which extended to the Stow border. In 1716 another large parcel called "Agaganquamasset" was granted to Marlborough, in 1717-18, John Alcocke's farm, by then called "the farm", was annexed, and in 1718-19 the 6,000-acre Indian plantation was officially added to the town. Some of Alcocke's land and nearly 14,000 acres in the western part of Marlborough were taken to form the new town of Westborough in 1717, (to be divided later in the century into Westborough and Northborough.) In 1727 the town of Southborough was established, incorporating the territory in the southern part of Marlborough that had been called "Stony Brook." Transportation Routes. During this time, the main through-routes of the seventeenth century continued. The Boston Post Road was still the primary axis through Marlborough center, and in 1772 the first stage coach on 4

the official stage route from Boston to New York passed through twon along it. The County Road from Worcester to Concord ran along the Post Road, then turned northeast up Concord Road. Several roads were extended during the eighteenth century, including Berlin Road and Millham and Elm Streets to the west, Williams and Forest Streets in the southwest, Bolton, Stevens, and Hosmer Streets to the north, Stow and Concord Roads to the northeast, and Framingham Road and Brigham Street in the south part of town. Population. Marlborough experienced a steady growth after the mass exodus during King Philip's War. By 1680 there were again ca. 200 residents, and by 1700 the population was up to 530. A subsequent increase, when the population reached 800 by 1720, was associated with the annexation of the Indian lands. The 1765 census recorded that the town had a population of 1,287 in 213 families, living in 183 houses. Waves of disease frequently took a heavy toll, however, as in 1775, when 78 people in Marlborough died in an outbreak of dysentery. Settlement. In the year of resettlement immediately after King Philip's War, at least 27 English families returned to Marlborough. Some Indians returned from Boston, but most went to the western part of town, where they settled on the Thomas Brigham farm. The forfeiting of the praying town/plantation lands by the Indians in this period led the way to the eventual acquisition of that property by the colonists, who by 1684 had illegally obtained a deed to the plantation, and laid out and divided lots upon it. In 1695, four men from Watertown purchased 350 acres of the former Alcocke "farm" in the Farm Road area, and built several houses there. Because of the continued threat of frontier warfare, settlement of the town through the first part of the eighteenth century remained concentrated near the center. With the end of "Queen Anne's War" in 1713, however, the number of outlying farms began to increase. As early as 1720 there was actually a shortage of land, which led to the settlement of new outlying communities, as parents looked beyond the town borders to provide farms and dowries for their children. Marlborough also became a way-station for settlers bound west to newly-established communities such as Grafton, Shrewsbury, Worcester, Rutland, and the re-established town of Brookfield. Economic Base. By the later Colonial Period there were many farms operating in Marlborough. A few were very large; many were about thirty acres in size. Most raised cattle and grain, with apple orchards as an important secondary activity. Enough apples were grown to support a substantial export of cider and brandy to markets outside the town. Industry during this period encompassed the usual local mixture of several mills (both grist and lumber), and tanning, cooperage, blacksmithing, and toolmaking activities. By the latter part of the eighteenth century a small business district had developed at the center village, which included a few wholesale/retail suppliers. At least two taverns were operating on the Boston Post Road--How's east of the village, and Williams' to the west, and another, the Asa Brigham Tavern, stood north of the section of the Old Connecticut Path along Elm Street that stage coaches followed before 1790. ReligionlEduca tion. By 1740 the citizens of Marlborough were worshiping in their third meetinghouse (built 1688), under their fourth minister, the Rev. Aaron Smith. The first recorded town-built schoolhouse was 5

erected in 1698-99. By the early eighteenth century the community was following the system of "moving" schools, in which the school was kept in different parts of town for designated periods of time. By 1748, however, the town was divided into six school "squadrons", or societies, and by 1762 a schoolhouse had been built in each one. Militaty/Political. During the continuing conflicts between colonists and Indians subsequent to King Philip's War, Marlborough was still at risk of attack because of its remote location. In Queen Anne's War of 1704-1713 the inhabitants were again assigned to garrison houses (to which they could flee in the event of an attack), and several residents of Marlborough were actually captured or killed. Some of the most illustrious military leaders in this war came from Marlborough, of which the best-known was Capt. Thomas Howe, who led a force to Sterling. Large numbers of men from Marlborough participated in the French and Indian Wars from 1722 to 1763. They were involved in all the major campaigns, including the 1741 Spanish West Indies expedition to Cuba, the 1745 capture of Louisburg on Cape Breton, and the 1746 campaign to Charlestown, New Hampshire. In 1757 Marlborough had two large companies of militia and one alarm company, and two militia companies fought at the fall of Fort William Henry under local leaders Capt. Samuel Howe and Lt. Stephen Maynard. From the 1760's to the start of the Revolution in 1775 there was growing resistance in Marlborough to the policies of the English government. Among the local patriot leaders at that time were Peter Bent, Edward Barnes, and George Brigham. In 1770 the town voted sanctions against one of its wealthiest residents, Henry Barnes, a trader of English goods and a staunch loyalist, and in 1775 a group of angry townspeople marched on his house, where two British spies had stopped. Barnes left town just prior to the start of the war, and his property was confiscated. Archi tecture. A few known First Period houses built between 1676 and 1725 survive in Marlborough, most as 5bay, 2 1/2-story buildings that have been expanded over the years. One of the best-preserved is the Peter Rice House, 377 Elm Street (Form 42; NR) of about 1700, which incorporates a smaller, early house. The first part of the John/Gershom Bigelow Homestead (Form 46) at 327 Farm Road may date to the late 1690's, the Harrington House at 180 Farm Road (Form 58) is believed to date from about 1705, sections of the Stow Homestead at 33 Spoonhill Avenue (Form 12) date from at least 1713 (Form 12), and #340 Bigelow Street, the Abraham Howe House (Form 38) was probably built in 1720. The joseph Morse House at 418 Farm Road (Form 59), in which the original exposed frame is still visible, is an early "half-house"; the john Weeks House, possibly of ca. 1705 at 1126 Concord Road (Form 55) is another of the same type. Upon the residents' return to Marlborough after King Philip's War a thatch-roofed meetinghouse was built to replace the one that was burned, but it was left unfinished. It was replaced by a larger one in 1688. More houses remain from the Georgian or "second" period of Colonial architecture. Most of these, too, are 5-bay, 2 1I2-story, side-gabled houses. Some, like the William Gates House at 77 Lakeside Avenue (Form 62), are two-story half-houses. 475 Elm Street, the jacob and Thomas Rice House (Form 57) was expanded at least twice, resulting in a "saltbox" profile with a rear leanto, and a long, asymmetrical 7-bay facade. 982 Boston Post Road, the Amos/Jonas Darling House (Form 15), 6

and the Francis Barnard Homestead at 218 Farm Road (Form 13) are rare examples in Marlborough of the Cape Cod cottage in its center-chimney, five-bay form, and the little Felton/Brown/Dunton House of ca. 1738 at 31 Northborough Road (Form 91) is an even more rare gambrel-roofed cottage. As far as is known, no commercial or institutional structures survive from the Colonial Period in Marlborough. In the Spring Hill Cemetery and Marlborough's second burial ground, the Old Common Cemetery (Form 805), established 1706, are many outstanding and well-preserved eighteenth-century slate gravestones, including early ones with flat geometric designs, and post-1750 examples embellished with effigies, skulls, cherubs, etc.

FEDERAL PERIOD (1775-1830) As its citizens struggled to free themselves from British rule during the Revolution, and subsequently to help form the foundations of a nation, Marlborough, like other communities, adjusted to new policies, ideas, beliefs, and a new-found freedom and independence. New hardships were endured, as well, from the sorrows and deprivations of large-scale war to the severe economic conditions of the recession and restructuring that followed it. Finally, by 1830 Marlborough found itself poised on the brink of the industrial age that was to transform the town into a different type of community altogether. After the Revolution, Marlborough's borders again underwent some changes. In 1784 part of the northwestern section of town was included in the new district of Berlin. In 1791 a small section of Framingham was annexed to Marlborough, but in 1807 part of Marlborough was annexed to Northborough, and in 1829 another section became part of Bolton. Transportation routes. The colonial highways remained during this period, with the Boston Post Road still the primary long-distance route. The new Boston to Worcester Turnpike, however, bypassed Marlborough by following a westerly course through Southborough. Two roads, Bolton Street as "the Road to Bolton", and Elm, Union, lower Stevens Streets and Concord Road as "the Road from Marlborough to Concord" became part of the county road system after the Revolution. By about 1800, Elm and Union Streets were extended from west to east north of the center, and Mechanic and Prospect Streets were in existence as far as Elm and Union. A wide network of local roads through the farming districts remained largely unchanged from 1800 to 1830. At the center, Pleasant Street was extended south from Elm to West Main Street between ca. 1810 and 1815. Population. Growth slowed during this period, beginning with the Revolutionary years, then continuing in the 1780 s with a heavy drain to other towns, including Henniker and Marlborough, New Hampshire. In 1784 there was some loss to the new district of Berlin. In 1780 the town's population was ca. lA65, and only 1,635 in 1800, with only 40 more people by 1810. In 1820 the population was I 952. All slaves were officially freed in Massachusetts in the 1780 s and in 1810 Marlborough had only two black citizens. Throughout the period there was no significant foreign-born population. J

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Settlement Pattern. During this period two separate villages were developing at the center, one near the meetinghouse and adjacent common at the base of today's Prospect and Rawlins Streets, the other a third of a mile to the east along the intersection of the Post Road and the road to Bolton. Around and between the center villages were the agricultural districts, still composed mainly of small to medium-sized farms. Economic Base. Economic growth stopped during the severe recession that followed the Revolution, and slowed again during the embargo period associated with the War of 1812. Marlborough still had a primarily agricultural economy, with land used mainly for general farming and grazing, but fruit growing, especially apples, continued as an important secondary activity. During the early part of the period, cider and brandy production, marketed in Boston, increased, and by 1812 there were two large distilleries in town. Toward the end of the period, however, with the growing influence of the temperance movement, many orchards were converted to growing apples for "winter fruit" (eating), rather than for cider. Over all, industrial activity expanded steadily but gradually during the Federal period. While other communities were beginning to develop larger mills at the start of the nineteenth century, that potential was limited here because of the general lack of water power. The village of Feltonville that had grown up along the Assabet in the north part of town, (today part of Hudson), however, was an exception, and there mill activity increased rapidly. By 1794, five grist mills were operating in Marlborough--two in the north section of town that later became part of Hudson, Hezekiah Maynard's on the South Brook, Gill's on Millham Brook, and Cotting's on Broad Meadow Brook. There were two saw mills, Hager's on Hop Brook at the east end of town, and Cogswell's on the Assabet at the north, where a fulling mill was also located. Simon Maynard was operating another saw mill by 1803 on Fort Meadow Brook off upper Hosmer Street, just over the border of today's Hudson. Also by 1803 there were two tan yards in town, both run by members of the Brigham family--Aaron at Lake Williams, and Jedediah on East Main Street. There was a basket shop at the south on Walker Street, and three stores at the center. Home production of straw bonnets was a significant source of income, especially for women, in the early nineteenth century, declining after 1830. Around 1815 the beginnings of a cottage industry in shoe-making were evident, with many residents setting up small cobbler's shops at home. Another tavern/hotel, Thayer's Tavern, (Form 112) opened on the section of the Boston Post Road that is today's Main Street. In 1799 the post office was established, located first in private houses, and later in the Thayer Tavern and nearby stores. Military. The first years of the period were dominated by the town's involvement in the Revolution. On April 19, 1775, four Militia companies, (numbering 190 men--l/7 ofthe town population), marched from Marlborough to Cambridge under Captains Cyprian Howe, William Brigham, Daniel Barnes, and Silas Gates. Some Marlborough men also saw action at Bunker Hill under two other local commanders, Lt. Col. Jonathan Ward and Maj. Edward Barnes. Other campaigns in which soldiers from Marlborough were involved included White Plains, and the Rhode Island campaign.

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Religion/education. The Federal period in Marlborough was marked by considerable religious conflict, and by a growing diversity within what was still a solidly protestant community. The first Methodist services in Marlborough were held about 1798 in Feltonville, in 1800 a Methodist Society was officially formed, and a Methodist Church was built in the northeast section of town in 1827-28. Before the period was over a Universalist Society had also been founded (1818), and a Universalist Church was built on Main Street in the East Village in the late 1820's. From the standpoint of the community's development, however, by far the most important religious event of the period was the splitting of the old Congregational town church into two institutions. By the tum of the nineteenth century, when it became apparent that the 1688 meetinghouse needed to be replaced, the geographic center of town had shifted east from the old meetinghouse location, and measurements from the boundaries showed it was now centered at Spring Hill in the East Village. While town meeting voted to place the new meetinghouse there, a strong contingent of residents of the West Village fought to keep it at or near the old location. The ultimate result was the division of the town into two parishes, with a town-built church erected at Spring Hill, and another, the 'West Church", built with private funds, on Pleasant Street. Both buildings opened for worship on the same day in April, 1806, and the presence of each was a catalyst for the development of the area around it for the next several decades. Gradually, the West Church moved toward Unitarianism, while the other church, officially designated the Union Church in 1835, continued as the town's "orthodox" Congregational institution (See Forms 194 and 74). After the Revolution, Marlborough's educational system also underwent a transformation. In 1790, in accordance with an order by the General Court, the town established a district school system, beginning with seven district schools meeting fifteen weeks per year. By 1835 there were ten districts. In 1826, a private academy was established, which erected a school building at the old town common in 1827. After some generous gifts by Silas and Abraham Gates, it was renamed the Gates Academy. Architecture. Building slowed during the years of the Revolution and the hard economic times that followed. Most of the few houses of the period known to have been built or enlarged prior to the 1790's continued the old Georgian forms, especially the 2-1I2-story, five-bay, side-gabled type. By the 1790's, however, the old lobby-entrance, center-chimney house plan was being replaced by an arrangement of rooms flanking a central through-hallway. In a house that was two-rooms deep, this resulted in twin ridge chimneys, as in the massive Solomon Barnes House at 19 Ash Street (Form 11), which retains its pedimented, late Georgian doorway, Another excellent example is the Supply Weeks Homestead at 768 Hemenway Street (Form 55), which has a slightly later, true Federal-style entry, with sidelights and an elliptical fanlight. In a house that was one-room deep, such as the Stephen Eager House at 45 Eager Court (Form 21), the twin chimneys were located at the rear. Some houses of the Federal period, such as the large Uriah Maynard House at 616 Hosmer Street (Form 52), were built with shallow hipped roofs. After the tum of the nineteenth century, scattered examples of several other Federal house-types appeared. Several "brick-enders" were constructed, including a 1112-story gable-roofed cottage at 275 Boston Post Road in west Marlborough (MHC #1239), the hip-roofed, one-room-deep house 9

built by Samuel Howe in the 1820's, later moved to 159 Elm Street (Form 69), and its near-twin, the well-preserved Brigham House at 228 Glen Street (Form 650). A large gable-roofed, rearchimney house with one brick end stands at 38 Maple Street (MHC #1143), and two older houses were enlarged to two-rooms-deep, with one brick end and three chimneys, 200 East Main Street (Form 41) and 540 Concord Road (Form 56) in the the early 1800's. The largest of the two-story brick-enders is the imposing Gershom Rice, II House at 139 Northborough Road (Form 24), a true "double-pile", hip-roofed house of 1803-04. One three-story Federal brick-ended house also exists-the Joab Stow House of ca. 1795, at 200 Concord Road (Form 8). Marlborough once had several examples of the large five-bay late Federal-period house with frontfacing gabled roof and two or four interior comer chimneys. Remaining today of this type are the brick Thayer Tavern at 51 Main Street (Form 112), which may have been standing as early as 1800, and the Farwell/O'Connell House at 63 Maple Street of ca. 1825 (Form 92). (One of the bestknown buildings in Marlborough, the Williams Tavern/Gates Hotel, rebuilt about 1815) [demolished], was of this type.) Most vernacular buildings from this period have the somewhat shallow-pitched gabled roofs, highshouldered proportions, and the 6-over-9- or, in later examples, 6-over-6-sash windows that were universal throughout New England at this time. Somewhat altered examples from the 1810's still exist across the street from each other at 117 Pleasant Street (Dr. John Baker House--Form 75,) and 126 Pleasant Street (Rice/Holyoke House--Form 143). The front part of the Sylvanus/Eber Howe House at 615 Berlin Road (Form 4), built of brick in about 1824 at the transition of the Federal style to the Greek Revival, is Marlborough's only example of a two-story, one-room-deep "l-house", with a pair of chimneys integral to the end walls. Between 1790 and 1803 several one-room schoolhouses were erected, each 24-feet square, and some with a six-foot-square projecting lobby entrance, or "porch." None, however, is known to survive today.

EARLY INDUSTRIAL PERIOD (1830·1870) The forty-year period spanning the middle of the nineteenth century was one of extremely rapid growth in Marlborough, sparked by an explosion in industrial development, the shoe industry, in particular. In spite of the lack of water power, new advancements in technology in both power generation and production machinery set the stage for large factories in Marlborough, as did the arrival of two railroads in the 1850's, and the ready availability of willing workers. The annexation of part of Southborough in 1843 enlarged the town, but its size was later greatly reduced in 1866, when the entire north section of Marlborough was incorporated into the new town of Hudson. There was a hiatus in the town's development in the 1860's during the Civil War, in which 869 men from Marlborough served. The Soldiers' Monument at Monument Square (Form 900) was erected shortly after the war was over, in 1869.

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Transportation Routes. The old turnpikes and highways remained from the early nineteenth century, with their main intersections still at the center of town. Existing streets were improved and extended, and secondary local roads multiplied, especially at the center, to access the new factories and to accommodate nearby residential development. By the 1850's Chestnut Street, the first blocks of Lincoln Street, and the lower section of Broad Street had been built, and South Street, part of the old road to Southborough, had been extended north to West Main. In the third quarter of the century the east end of Lincoln Street, as Palfrey Street, was developed, Broad Street was extended to Sligo Hill, and Mechanic was continued north of Elm. In that period residential side streets proliferated at the center, as much of the farmland between and around the two villages was subdivided for houselots. Although Marlborough farmers could ship some produce via railroad as early as 1834 when the Boston & Worcester was built through Westborough, the major transportation change in this period was the coming of the railroads first to Feltonville (today the center of Hudson), then to Marlborough center in the 1850's. The Marlborough Branch of the Fitchburg Railroad, incorporated by Mark Fay and Richard Farwell, reached Feltonville in 1852, and was extended to Marlborough center at Prospect Street in 1855, the same year that the Agricultural Branch Railroad came northwest from the Boston & Worcester in Framingham through Southborough and south Marlborough to end at the center just south of Main Street. Population. Marlborough's population increased very rapidly after 1840, especially at Feltonville, which grew so large that it was set off as the separate town of Hudson in 1866. In about 1850, a large influx of foreign-born residents began, first with the Irish, followed just after the Civil War by French Canadians. In less than twenty-five years, the town's population more than doubled, from 2,500 in 1836 to 5,911 in 1860. ReligionlEduca tion/intellectual. Both the Congregational and the Methodist churches burned down in 1852. Both religious groups constructed new buildings the next year, with a minority of the Methodist Society building theirs just east of the center on what was to become Church Street. Roman Catholics were holding services in Marlborough as early as 1850. The Immaculate Conception parish was formed in 1864, but the first Immaculate Conception Church was built a decade earlier on Mount Pleasant Hill in 1854-55. It was replaced by the present Immaculate Conception Church on Prospect Street in 1871 (Form 98). A second Catholic parish, St. Mary's, was established in 1870, with its church building on Broad Street begun the same year (Form 96). After a period of inactivity, the Universalists reorganized in 1865, and built a new academic Italianate church on Main Street. A Baptist Society was formed in 1868, and in 1869 they acquired the former Town Hall, moved it to the north side of Main Street, and remodeled it for their church. In 1855 a state law was passed outlawing interments in family cemeteries, and five neighborhood/family cemeteries that had been in existence since the first quarter of the nineteenth century (and, in the case of the Wilson Cemetery [Form 804], since the eighteenth century), came under town ownership and management. Two of them, the Maplewood Cemetery on Pleasant

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Street and the Chipman (later Rocklawn) Cemetery on Stevens Street, were greatly enlarged in the 1860's, and became the major publicly-owned replacements for the overcrowded Spring Hill and Old Common Cemeteries. (See Forms 801 and 809). The Gates Academy had declined by the early 1830's, but was rejuvenated under Marlborough's foremost educator, Obadiah W. Albee, in 1833. Education for everyone was advanced by the establishment of a public high school in 1849, incorporating the former Gates Academy, and led, again, by O.W. Albee. By 1855 there were two large graded schoolhouses, one at the center, and another at Feltonville, and soon the larger district schools were graded, as well. In 1860 the town built a new mansard-roofed High School on the common. This was an era when adult education and intellectual enhancement was widely valued. In 1853 the Marlborough Mechanics Institute was organized to present lectures and establish a collection of books for a private library. In 1870, when the public library was incorporated, the Mechanics Institute donated its sizeable collection to it. Settlement Pattern. The town's topography changed somewhat in 1849, when Fort Meadow Brook was dammed by the city of Boston for a "capacious reservoir", eliminating the former "dismal swamp", (See Form 914). Density of development increased rapidly at the center, with high-style residences appearing on the lower sections of Pleasant and West Main Streets, and more modest houses, many put up in small groups by local entrepreneurs, spreading down the major cross streets of Lincoln and Chestnut, and on small streets opened between them. With the coming of the railroads and the subdivision of the large farm of Maj. Henry Rice, the East and West Villages gradually grew together to form a single town center. In the West Village, now often called the "West End", the Shenstone Society was formed to beautify the new streets with trees, shrubs, and sidewalks. In the late 1850's and 1860's, shoe-manufacturers Samuel Boyd and John O'Connell acquired large acreages south of Main Street. Boyd and his associates laid out large house lots on Fairmount Hill for a stylish neighborhood with both scenic views and ready access to the factories and businesses downtown, while both he and John O'Connell developed lines of smaller, more affordable lots in the Howe Street area as homes for their shoeworkers. (See Area Forms F and G). To a lesser degree, Samuel Boyd's longtime partner, Thomas Corey, did the same on land near his estate in the Church Street area. In 1855, Major Henry Rice had already laid out lots on his old family farm north of Main Street, between the East and West Villages. Well before his death in 1867 houses had begun to fill lower Washington Street and the new Rice and Palfrey Streets (the first name of eastern Lincoln Street). After he died, much of his real estate was bought by Samuel Boyd and others, who subsequently developed Devens Street, linked the ends of Lincoln Street, and sold off more lots to complete the joining of the two villages. (See Area Form H). By 1861 there were 500 dwellings and 3,000 inhabitants in the center villages. Between 1849 and 1853 two firehouses were built in the East and West Villages, and in 1869 the town built a large Victorian Gothic town house on Main Street, which incorporated under its roof the post office, police station, court room and jail, library, armory, three stores, and a bank.

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Economic Base. Agriculture continued as an important base for the economy throughout the period, boosted by advancements in farm implements and machinery, and, especially from the 1850's on, by the railroads, which opened up new major markets for agricultural products. For both reasons, the period saw a shift from general farming to more milk production and fruit raising. In 1845 the town produced 31,772 bushels of apples for vinegar, and in 1855 there were 25,000 apple trees growing fruit for eating, and 50 acres in cranberry production. In the 1830's a brief experiment in silk-raising was conducted by John Clisbee on his farm at the west end of Lincoln Street, which for years was called Mulberry Street after the trees he planted there for his silk worms. The commercial base of the economy expanded too. In 1837 there were three hotels and four stores at or near the center. In 1822 Lambert Bigelow founded the store that, as Morse & Bigelow, became known throughout the region, and was one of Marlborough's longest-running commercial enterprises. Two banks were founded in the 1860's--the Marlborough Savings Bank in 1860, and the First National in 1863. This was the period, however, when the main base of Marlborough's economy shifted to the industrial sector, a fact that is all the more remarkable because, with the exception of the factories at Feltonville on the Assabet, all the town's enterprises developed without the aid of major water power. Prior to the 1830's, industry in Marlborough had consisted of a largely local mix of shoemakers, blacksmiths, wheelwrights, tanners, etc. In the 1830's there were two chair/cabinet makers in town, and there was wide-spread straw-bonnet-making in the area, supported by cottageindustry straw braiding. Then, in 1835, Marlborough's shoe industry began when Joseph Boyd started manufacturing shoes at his father's house at 85 Maple Street (MHC #1137). He was joined the next year by his brother Samuel, and in 1837 they opened the first shoe factory on Main Street, subsequently expanded and relocated many times. In 1841 they took in their brother, John, who went into the business for himself in 1846. (It was John Boyd's 1842 invention of the shoe die which, along with other innovations, gave Marlborough an advantage over adjoining towns.) Others who were part of the first generation of shoe manufacturers in the late 1830's and '40's included John Chipman, who began in 1836 and was later joined by his brother, Samuel; L & L Bigelow (began 1836, and sold out to William Dadmun in 1840); John Winslow Stevens (1838); Charles Dana Bigelow (1842); Josiah Howe (1845); and Freeman Morse of F.W. and G.H. Morse Co. (1846). In the 1850's the industry was boosted further by the introduction of shoemaking by teams, the 1852 adoption of the sewing machine in shoe production (by John Chipman), and, in 1858, the introduction of steam power. The decade before the Civil War saw several more shoe companies established, some of which went on to join the Boyds and their associates as the largest concerns of the end of the nineteenth century. Those with the largest and longest production were Henry Russell, who began in 1853 and soon merged with Abel Howe as Russell & Howe, John O'Connell, who began on Howe Street in 1854, S.H. Howe (1855), and in 1858, Timothy Coolidge and John E. Curtis. In the 1860's two more major manufacturers John A. Frye (1863) and Rice & Hutchins (1867) began production that lasted through the tum of the century. In 1845, 302,725 pairs of shoes and 624 pairs of boots were produced in Marlborough. In 1860, 17 shoe factories were operating here, with over $1 million per year in production. Along with the shoe industry, by the end of the 1860's a significant number of associated concerns, including machine shops, shoe-die and other manufacturing equipment makers, and shoe-box 13

manufacturers, such as E.F. Longley's Box Factory off Elm and Mechanic Streets, were established here. Other types of manufacturing not associated with the shoe industry included the quarrying of building stone, and the continuing production of lumber at the local sawmills. By 1855 there was also a harness and saddle shop, two tinware makers, and a sash-and-blind factory was operating south of West Main. Sometime before 1840 John Clisbee began manufacturing church organs, a business that was continued by his son, George, until the end of the century. Businesses that grew up along the railroads included George Cate's lumber yard (established 1856), two planing mills, and Levi Taylor's carriage factory. Archi tecture. The Early Industrial period produced a rich collection of architecture in Marlborough, and the prosperity of the first shoe manufacturers led to the building of some of the finest residences that remain today. Several high-style, "temple-front" examples of the Greek Revival were built by Hiram Fay, Amory Maynard, and other builders from the late 1830's through the early 1850's. A cluster of three stands at the foot of Stevens Street, the most well-preserved of which is the John Chipman House, built by Amory Maynard in about 1838 (Form 85). Both the tetrastyle John Cotting House of 1851 (Form 74--NR) and its slightly earlier tristyle neighbor across Main Street, the Hollis Loring House (Form 113), were probably built by Hiram Fay. A few examples of temple-front, 1 1I2-story cottages, such as the Lewis Frye House at 154 Pleasant Street (MHC #259), were also built; most today are severely altered. O.W. Albee's House at 53 Mechanic Street (Form 70), built ca. 1835, is an unusual instance in Marlborough of a brick gable-end Greek Revival house with a clapboarded pediment and fretwork entry surround, and the Silas(?) Howe farmhouse at 616 Berlin Road (Form 652) is a rare example of a small gable-end with a two-story facade colonnade with columns of unequal height. Another Greek Revival house type, the gable-roofed house with pedimented ends, is exemplified here by the house built ca. 1846 for Horatio Alger, Sr., at 9 Broad Street (Form 141). The Gothic Revival has few surviving representatives in Marlborough. It is most apparent in the applied decoration of some vernacular houses, including the gable-end cottage at 24 High Street (MHC #526). Two Octagons, one of which was the ca. 1870 town-owned gasometer (demolished) were built during this period. The other is a true octagonal house, at 43 (45) Mt, Pleasant Street (MHC #357), built in ca. 1855, now greatly altered. Marlborough has many examples of Second Empire architecture, which was the most common style used in the residences of the town's most prominent families in the 1860's. Among the best surviving houses are the ca. 1860 residence of William Dadmun at 47 Pleasant Street (Form 147), and, in spite of its altered roof, the house of William Morse, built across the street at #40 (Form 150), in about 1861, which has a rare example of wooden, imitation-stone siding. The smaller S.N. Aldrich House at 49 Fairmount Street, built ca. 1865, is a hybrid of the Second Empire and the Stick Style (Form 166). Several smaller mansard cottages, a variant of the Second Empire, were also built during the 1860's and 1870's. Excellent examples are located at 7 Walnut Street (the Thomas Jackson House--Form 202), and several on Newton Street, among them the home of builder Hiram Fay at #58 (MHC #N-403), which was probably designed and built by him. The main municipal buildings of the era, the Second Empire high school of 1860 and the mansardroofed, Victorian Gothic Town House of 1869, are gone. 14

None of the earliest shoe factories from the 1830's through '50's is known to remain in its intact, wood-frame, gable-roofed form. Most of the factories built or enlarged in the 1860's had mansard roofs, and were a utilitarian version of the Second Empire. The only one that remains from the Civil War era, the first section of the Frye Shoe Factory (Form 112), has a shallow-pitched gabled roof. Four churches were built during this period, of which one of the latest, the simple brick Gothic Church of the Immaculate Conception of 1868-1871, remains closest to its original appearance (see Form 98). Even that building had its tower added later, however. Of the others, the 1853 Greek Revival First Methodist Church (Form 97) was updated to the Italianate later on, and radically altered in this century, the First Congregational (Union) Church of the same year later had its roof and tower replaced and lost most of its detail to a change in siding (see Form 194), and St. Mary's (Form 96) was rebuilt and enlarged in the 1930's to a more 20th-century version of the Gothic. In the middle of the nineteenth century the old 1790's district schoolhouses were replaced with larger buildings. One, the 3-bay, gable-end Williams School remains, complete with its rear gableend chimney, at 27 Forest Street (MHC #1199).

LATE INDUSTRIAL PERIOD (1870-1914) The last third of the nineteenth and the early years of the twentieth century were a time of continued growth and development in Marlborough, as expansions in the shoe industry brought new factories, and new residential neighborhoods at the center and in south Marlborough were opened up to accommodate what was still a growing population. Advances in technology had the potential to make life easier for all Marlborough citizens, but to manage both the larger population and the need for an increasingly complex infrastructure, the government was re-organized, and in 1890, 230 years after the town was incorporated, Marlborough became a city. One short war, the SpanishAmerican War of 1898-99, was endured during this period, and several Marlborough soldiers fought with Co. F. of the Mass. 6th Infantry First Brigade. An era ended in 1914, with the outbreak of World War 1. Transportation. The major road system of the mid-nineteenth century remained intact during this period, with a continuing proliferation of residential side streets at or near the center of town. Some major streets were lengthened: Church Street was extended south, and the streets of the Greenwood and Chestnut Hill developments were laid out across it; the west and east ends of Lincoln Street were linked by a new section across the base of Prospect Hill, and new streets were laid out north of it between Bolton and Prospect Streets. This era saw the first paving of roads; sections of Lincoln Street were the first, and Main Street was paved in 1895. Although the north and south branch railroads never connected with each other at the center, under new ownership the railroad companies built new spurs and facilities. In 1893 a spur was extended southwest from the former Marlborough Branch to the comer of Mechanic and Lincoln Streets, where a new depot and freighthouse were built. On the old Agricultural Branch, freight and coal houses were built in the yards behind Main Street in the 1890's, and the New York, New Haven, and Hartford built a new depot at Main and Florence Streets in 1902. (All railroad buildings but the northern freighthouse, at 305/307 Lincoln Street [Form 188] were gone by the latter part of this century). 15

A radical transportation change took place in 1889, with the opening of the electric Marlborough Street Railway line, the second of its kind in the country. It initially ran for 2.5 miles west from Middlesex Square down East Main to Main, up Mechanic, Pleasant, and Broad to Lincoln Street, and had a branch down Maple Street to a car house located just south of Valley Street. The line was extended half a mile in 1890, and in 1895 was linked to Hudson and Northborough, making it possible for passengers to ride the streetcar all the way to Boston or Worcester. In 1903 the Marlborough line was taken over by the Boston & Worcester Railway Company. Population and settlement pattern. By 1900, with the influx of additional waves of immigrants, which now included Italians, some Greeks, and a scattering of Eastern European Jews, the population of Marlborough reached 13,609. Density still increased at the center, with new neighborhoods of worker's housing opening up especially on "French Hill" to the west of the old West Village, and "infill" houses continued to be built throughout the period, especially near the factories. The largest new subdivisions were Samuel Boyd's 60-acre planned development on Chestnut Hill (Area T), and the streets that were laid out by Hollis Tayntor and others across the former farmland of Prospect Hill (Area Y). North of the old West Village, shoe-manufacturer J.A. Frye divided much of his land for house lots, as did Jonas Brigham in the Spring Street area (see Area Form V). Another major shoemanufacturer, S.H. Howe, put up smaller groups of houses near his four factories in the West Village. Religion/education/arts and culture/recreation. A new Episcopalian congregation built a Shingle-Style church, the Church of the Holy Trinity, at the east end of Main Street in 1887. In 1890 a wood-frame church was built at the comer of Lincoln and Gibbon Street in "French Hill" by the French Evangelical Mission, on land donated by Samuel Boyd, to serve the first French-speaking protestants of Marlborough. A Christian Science Society was founded here in 1895. It began holding services in the Grand Army hall on Main Street in 1896, and became a branch of the mother church in 1899. The 1890's -1910's were a time of educational expansion at the center, where st. Mary's Parish built the first section of St. Anne's Academy in 1888 (expanded 1894), and St. Anthony'S School in 1894 (demolished). The city built a new, larger High School at the old common in 1895, and the Immaculate Conception Parish built a large elementary school in 1910 (Forms 120 and 189). With the 1903 closing of the last district school, the Rice School in west Marlborough, public education was now clearly concentrated at the center of the city. In one short-lived vocational experiment, the city opened the Marlborough Agricultural School at the center in 1913. A Natural History Society was organized in 1889; it moved into the building formerly occupied by the First National and the Marlborough Savings Bank (demolished) on Mechanic Street in 1907. The efforts of both the city and private entrepreneurs ensured that the latter part of this period would be an era of recreation in Marlborough. From at least the 1870's, sailing and boating on Lake Williams and Fort Meadow Reservoir were popular, and baseball was played by both local and national teams on the Prospect Street Ball Grounds. Informal horse-racing took place at Fort Meadow, and in 1898 the Marlborough Trotting Park opened in the south part of town. In 1903 the first "moving pictures" were shown at the Marlborough Theater, and by 1905 bowling, billiards, and even a shooting gallery were all popular pastimes on Main Street. In 1907 the city opened 16

Fairmount Park, complete with dance hall, at the top of Fairmount Hill, and in 1913, the StevensHowe Playground (Form 910) on Sligo Hill was donated to the city by Mrs. O.H. Stevens. Municipal improvements. This was also an era of many community-wide improvements that made life easier and safer for everyone. A major engineering accomplishment was the 1882~84building of the town waterworks, which used Lake Williams as a source. It was later expanded with the addition to the system of Millham Reservoir in 1892-95, (Form 916) and the reservoir and cast-iron water tower (Form 909) that were built on Sligo Hill in 1895. Also during the 1890's, large sections of the south Marlborough wetlands were acquired and developed by the city of Boston as the Metropolian Water Works basin, part of the Boston water-supply system. Many associated structures, the largest of which are the Sudbury Reservoir, the Marlborough Filter Beds, and the Wachusett Aqueduct, are now on the National Register of Historic Places. (See Forms AR, 919, AS.) Electricity came to the center of town with the establishment of the Marlborough Electric Light Co. on Florence Street (Form 178), and lights were first turned on in 1885. In 1887 mail delivery began, and in 1891, as part of its first major municipal undertaking, the city began the construction of a sewer system. The Marlborough Hospital opened briefly in the old Sylvester Bucklin House on Hildreth Street in 1893 (Form 83). Although it closed in 1894, it was revived ten years later, and built its first building at 157 Union Street in 1912. The fire department was reorganized in the 1880's and 1890's, and two new facilities were built, the 1893-95 Fire Station #2 on Pleasant Street (Form 79), and the 1909 Central Fire and Police Station (Form 80) on Main Street, which also accommodated the police headquarters, jail, and court room. Economic Base. The Late Industrial Period, largely a time of continuing industrial expansion, also saw the consolidation of many of the shoe companies under larger corporations. In 1890 the annual value of shoe production in Marlborough had reached $7 million. By the end of the period, however, the number of major shoe companies operating in the city had been reduced to three. While many of the earlier factories had stood side-by-side with stores and municipal buildings on Main Street, by 1900 all shoes were being produced in plants located north or south of Main Street, several standing along the railroad tracks or sidings. Some of the managers in this era, like Louis P. Howe of S.H. Howe Co., Walter Frye of John A. Frye Shoe Co., Charles and Arthur Curtis of Rice & Hutchins and later the Curtis Shoe Co., and the four sons of John O'Connell, were now secondgeneration manufacturers who had been groomed for the business by their fathers. In the West Village in the 1880's and 1890's, the S.H. Howe Company bought out several smaller concerns and was operating four factories by 1895. Rice & Hutchins, which was rapidly becoming one of the largest shoe manufacturers in New England, branched out from the plant it acquired at Middlesex Square in the late 1860's by building factories on Cotting Avenue in the 1890's (demolished), another in 1902 at 37 Howe Street (Form 182), and leased the O'Connell factory after John O'Connell retired from the shoe business. By 1890 John Frye's business had expanded to become the third largest concern in Marlborough. A major slowdown in the shoe industry occurred at the turn of the century, however, after the devastating shoe-workers' strike of 1898-1899.

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A mix of other industries continued to contribute to Marlborough's economy during this period. The area just south of the Main Street terminus of the South Branch Railroad was filled with concerns that took advantage of the proximity of the sidings. A.B. Howe's Marlborough Lumber Co. was one of the most successful, as were two coal companies, one belonging to Ivers & Johnson, the other a side business started by John O'Connell and run by his son, John A., called the John O'Connell Coal Company. Machine shops and other businesses that supplied equipment for the shoe industry continued to thrive, several of them located near the Marlborough Branch sidings in the Lincoln Street area, where another coal company and lumber yard were also located. Beginning in 1898, there was even a brief experiment in the manufacture of automobiles, with D.P. Walker's production of the "Marlborough Steamer" in the south part of the city. The number of commercial enterprises also continued to expand. By the end of the 1890's Main Street between Bolton and Mechanic Streets had filled with store blocks, many of them replacing discontinued shoe factories. Some were built with upstairs meeting halls for the city's fraternal societies and other organizations, others had "flats" on the upper floors. Several hotels came and went; the most enduring were the Windsor, located in John O'Connell's 1882 Middleton Building at 276 Main Street (Form 99), and the Preston, in the building built by John Frye in 1892 at the comer of Mechanic and Lincoln Streets (Form 102). Two more local banks were founded, the People's National Bank in 1878, and the Marlborough Cooperative Bank in 1890. Newspapers were revived and expanded, and in 1888 the Marlborough Enterprise began publication. Architecture. Residential architecture in this period again spanned nearly the full range of styles and house-types. Vernacular houses mainly continued the 1 1/2- to 2 1/2-story gable-end configuration that had begun during the Greek Revival period. Side-hall entries with some type of glass-and-panel door were the norm, and 2-over-2-sash windows were universal until well into the 1890's. Front porches, or "piazzas" became increasingly popular, and many were added to earlier houses. Those built in the 1870's were usually supported on square, chamfered posts, often embellished with small brackets. By the 1890's the supports tended to be lathe-turned posts, the brackets became larger and more elaborate, and many porches wrapped around two or more sides of a building. Most of the porches built at the tum of the century were influenced by the increasingly popular Colonial Revival style, and had Tuscan columns and other classical detailing. Foundations were rarely built of granite after 1875; they were mainly brick in the 1880's and early 1890's, and rubble stone from 1895 through 1915. Many Italianate houses were built during the 1860's through early 1880's in Marlborough. None were true Italianate villas; most were vernacular examples of the side-hall-entry, gable-end type, with bracketed cornices and single or double-leaf glass-and-panel doors. Good illustrations of this type, many of which were built with a side wing or ell, are the O.P. Walker House at 3/5 Stevens Street, the Thomas Gately House at 62 South Street, and the William Onthank House at 74 Newton Street. (See Formsl99, 160, and 176.) Very few houses were built in the Shingle Style in Marlborough. The most intact is the F.A. Howe House at 121 Pleasant Street (MHC #260) , which has a twin-gabled facade. Another twin-gabled Shingle Style building, now with replacement siding, is the double-house at 14/16 Warren Avenue. (MHC #611). The Queen Anne style dominated residential building in Marlborough from the late 1880's through the beginning of the twentieth century. Many high-style Queen Anne houses displaying complex massing, a variety of patterned shingles and a multiplicity of window forms have recently been restored, some highlighted with 18

multi-color paint schemes. Among them are the Walter Frye House at 187 Pleasant Street (Form 642), the E. Irving Morse House at 52 Pleasant Street (Form 148) , the W.N. Davenport and MJ. McCarthy Houses at 105 and 111 Newton Street (Forms 171 and 170), the Philip Byrne House at 35 Water Street (Form 161), and the little Brigham Cottage at 10 Stevens Street (Form 196). Queen Anne details also embellished the more modest houses built for rental or resale, many of them duplexes or triple houses. Popular trim elements included verge boards with incised or raised geometrical decorations, and colored-glass stair-hall windows. During this period several of the larger shoe manufacturers built housing for their workers. Most, like the three cottages built by John O'Connell at the comer of Howe and Lambert Streets, tended to be small, with a minimum of vernacular Italianate or Queen Anne detailing. Several larger gable-roofed, multi-unit housing blocks still stand near the former shoe-factory sites, however, including two on Devens Street, overlooking Main (cf. e.g. the ca. 1890 Boyd & O'Neil boarding or rental house at 34/36 Devens, MHC #497). Possibly the largest worker's housing block to have been built is the long six-unit, 2 l!2-story block at 68 Elm Street, constructed in 1881, probably by S.H. Howe (Form 132). Well-preserved except for a change in siding, it retains its individual glassand-panel entries with elaborate Italianate hoods, six chimneys, and six dormer windows. Institutional architecture from this period also spanned a broad range of styles, from William Ralph Emerson's Shingle-Style Holy Trinity Church of 1887 (demolished) to the Renaissance Revival Post Office Block of 1912 (Form 155). H.M. Francis's flamboyant 1887-89 wood-frame Queen Anne Baptist Church (Form 81) is the best-preserved of all Marlborough's nineteenth-century churches, and Charles E. Barnes's Fire Station #2, recently restored by the city, is an excellent example of the mid-1890's Queen Anne interpreted in brick. Charles Barnes also designed the 1895 Marlborough High School in the red-brick Colonial Revival style. Peabody & Stearns interpreted the Renaissance Revival style in yellow (buff) brick and sandstone for the Marlborough Public Library in 1904 (Form 84). The next year, Allen, Collins, & Berry also employed buff Roman brick, this time with marble trim, in their magnificent Beaux-Arts Marlborough City Hall (Form 64), which was built to replace the former Victorian gothic Town Hall, destroyed by fire in 1902. Although many buildings along the Main Street commercial corridor have burned down or were demolished during the urban renewal of the 1960's and '70's, most of those that do remain are typical of the types of structures built in New England's downtowns in the 1880's and '90's. The 1880 Temple Building at 149 Main Street and Charles Barnes's 1891 Warren Block, at 155 (both NR) are four-story Queen Anne brick and stone row buildings, as are most of the others remaining from those decades. Off Main Street, the somewhat altered Morse & Bigelow Store, (Form 144), built on Lincoln Street in the 1880's, is a rare surviving illustration of a two-story, rectangular Shingle-Style commercial building, and the Frye Building (see above), in the freely-interpreted Colonial Revival mode of the early 1890's, embellished with cast-iron ornament, is Marlborough's only commercial structure with a rounded corner. Several factory buildings remain from this period in relatively intact condition, including the additions to the Frye Boot & Shoe Co. (Form 116) of ca. 1885 and the early 1890's, the early 1890's Wood-Willard Building at 293 Lincoln Street (Form 119), and the Rice & Hutchins Curtis Shoe Factory at 37 Howe Street of 1902 (Form 182). All are utilitarian wood-frame three- or four-story buildings with flat or very shallow-pitched roofs, and bands of multi-light-sash windows. Each has a square stair-tower on the facade, but none of the towers retains its original roof. The original 19

established in 1915 and became one of the largest apple-growing establishments in the region. Like the factories, however, some commercial establishments closed during this period, among them the Morse & Bigelow Store, which ceased business in 1932 after over a century of operation. Architecture. Most houses of the Early Modem Period in Marlborough, as elsewhere in the region, were variations of Colonial Revival house-types. Five- or three-bay side-gabled, two-story examples, with such typical attachments as dens and sunporches, and details such as pedimented entry hoods and paneled shutters, were built in the new neighborhoods on Prospect and Chestnut Hills, and as infill in the older sections of the center. Many Dutch Colonial Revivals were built during the late 1920's-early 1930's, especially in the Church Street and Chestnut Hill neighborhoods. Bungalows came into their own by the late 1910's, and individual examples, with details ranging from the Colonial Revival to the Craftsman, can be seen in those areas as well. High-style houses of the period were built in the Georgian or Federal Revival styles. A ca. 1940 "brick-ender" stands at 305 Hosmer Street (MHC #1090), and two well-preserved brick Federal Revival houses were built on upper Pleasant Street, the William Davenport House at #200, and the Russell Frye House at #222. Their neighbor, the Robert Frye House at 234 Pleasant Street, is a unique example in Marlborough of a large stucco, Spanish Revival house. (See MHC #5 695, 699, 701). In multi-unit housing, fewer side-by-side double-houses were built, but scattered duplexes and a few three-deckers, such as the well-preserved house at 137 Howe Street (Form 180) were constructed through the 1920's. By 1930 the modem version of the Cape Cod Cottage had appeared in the subdivided neighborhoods and at scattered locations along the Post Road. A group of four on Church and Hildreth Streets (see Area K: Church Street Area), is typical. Other early-modem styles and types had only a small representation in Marlborough. A few large Tudor Revival houses were constructed, of which builder Thomas Hurley's own house, constructed ca. 1916 at 50 Fairmount Street is probably the most stylish and well-preserved (Form 167). Another good example stands at 218 Church Street (MHC #658). A smaller illustration of the English architectural influence, the little English Cottage, such as the wood-shingled 32 Mount Pleasant Street (MHC #354), is seen as infill in some neighborhoods at or near the center. Early Modem institutional architecture in Marlborough was almost universally Colonial Revival in style, most of it constructed in brick, with wood or concrete detail. Beginning with the Washington Street School in 1916 (Form 86), the city built four two-story, flat-roofed brick elementary schools with wood trim details executed in a variety of pilastered, pedimented classical forms, some quite elaborate. Its 1923 City Home on Bolton Street, (demolished), which replaced the former Town Farm, was also a large brick Colonial Revival building. The three churches built during this period all represent simple versions of different styles. The Christian Science Church on West Main Street, designed by Howard Cheney in 1920, is a onestory, stucco Federal Revival building (Form 139), the little 1925 Sts, Anargyroi (Form 185) is a nearly astylistic wood-shingle building with a hint of eastern-European influence in its gilded dome, and the 1933 St. Ann's is a simple, handsome version of the modem Romanesque Revival in brick and concrete. (See Form 158). Again in this period, the industrial buildings were constructed in the utilitarian mode, with flat roofs, flat wall surfaces broken by long bands of windows, and simple rectilinear massing. The 1924 Marlborough Wire Goods building (Form 115) is a massive three-story brick structure, its main 22

design element the regular rhythm of large, square window openings. The walls of the five-story 1923 Dennison Mfg. Co. factory are articulated by vertical concrete piers and horizontal brick and concrete banding. New types of commercial buildings associated with the automobile were constructed during this period. Several small, rectangular concrete auto repair shops were built, the earliest ones in rockfaced concrete block. All are altered; one in relatively intact condition still operates at 53 Central Street (MHC #461). A few new flat-roofed one- and two-story multi-store blocks were constructed on Main Street. Most of the six-store Sher Building at 126-136 Main (Form 128) was converted in the 1930's-'40's to the Modeme Style, and utilizes several experimental materials, including ceramic panels, sheet-metal gratings, and Carrara glass. At 195-205 Main Street, (Form 131), another 1930's multi-store building brings back the Federal Revival in its gabled, cupolaed slate roofs and parapet brick end walls. What was apparently builder Thomas Hurley's last building, the 1925 First National Bank, (Form 132), repeats the stone Renaissance Revival mode of its predecessor across the street.

MODERN PERIOD (1945-present) After a brief decline in the population rate after World War II, Marlborough experienced the greatest growth in its history when, between 1950 and 1990, the population nearly doubled, from 16,000 to 31,800. Beginning in the 1950's, single-family housing developments spread throughout the city, followed in the 1960's by apartment complexes. Convenient location, accessible highways, ample public services, open space, and a hospitable political climate have all contributed to what is still a growing community. By 1970, due to the construction of Interstate 495 and the neighboring 1-290, coupled with large acreages of available land and favorable industrial and business zoning, large industries again found a home in Marlborough. The 1960 Kanavos Park, the first major industrial park in the city, was developed in the western section of town near both 1-495 and Route 20 on 1,400 acres of former woods and apple orchards. To date, 30 industries have located there. Marlborough has truly made the transition from a "shoe city" to a diversified and high-tech center for the region. Also from the 1960's through 1980's, small shopping centers and strip malls were built along the outer sections of the old Boston Post Road (Route 20). The north/south corridor of Maple and Bolton Streets was also developed with large commercial, institutional and recreational facilities during that time. Modem development has come at the cost, however, of many of Marlborough's historic resources, from the old farms of southwest Marlborough and houses of all periods along both sections of the Post Road, to several late-nineteenth-century commercial blocks and utilitarian structures at the downtown center. In addition, shopping-center development and re-location of the high school, district court, police station, etc., outside the center of town, coupled with urban renewal efforts during the 1970's, resulted in a stagnation of Marlborough's downtown that is only now being seriously addressed. Since the 1980's the city has actively sought and obtained federal CommunityDevelopment Block Grants for the revitalization of its downtown neighborhoods, and has sponsored the restoration and rehabilitation of several individual buildings and structures. Among them are the 1895 Marlborough High School, which, as the re-named "Walker Building" won a preservation 23

award from Historic Massachusetts, Inc. in 1994. Other city-initiated historic preservation efforts since 1980 include the restoration of the City Hall, Fire Station #2, Central Fire and Pollice Station, and the upcoming rehabilitation of the 1912 Post Office on Mechanic Street. In 1965 the Marlborough Historical Society was founded as a private, non-profit organization. In the early 1990's, the Marlborough Historical Commission was re-organized, and has actively undertaken identification, preservation, and educational activities. In 1993 it received a Survey and Planning Grant through the Massachusetts Historical Commission for the completion of this citywide Historic, Architectural, and Cultural Resources Survey. A Historic District Study Committee has also been formed to plan for the preservation of parts of the city center under the provisions of Chapter 40-C of the Massachusetts General Laws, and preparations have been made for a citywide Demolition Delay Bylaw. Another step planned for the future is to seek Certified Local Government status for the city as a partner with the state and federal governments in the identification, evaluation, and preservation of Marlborough's historic resources. Thanks to an enlightened municipal policy and the untiring efforts of many of its citizens, in recent years Marlborough has made a transition from a period of unchecked expansion and replacement to one in which the richness of its historic and cultural resources will not only be recognized and appreciated, but protected and preserved for the future.

Anne McCarthy Forbes, Consultant to the Marlborough Historical Commission September, 1994 Revised June, 1995

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MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES, PART II: PRELIMINARY METHODOLOGY January 16, 1995 I. PROJECT PRIORITIES, INITIAL COMMUNICATIONS After the completion in 1994 of a community-wide Historic-Resources Survey project which had concentrated on several downtown areas at the center of Marlborough, the consultant was asked by the Marlborough Historical Commission to undertake a second, smaller survey of the remainder of the center-city neighborhoods, as well as the more sparsely-developed outlying areas of the community. The project began in December, 1994 with communications between the consultant, Anne Forbes, and the Project Coordinator, Lynn Faust of the Historical Commission, in which general ideas for the scope of the survey were outlined. In contrast to the 1994 survey, no immediately-endangered individual resources were identified. It was agreed that this year's project would attempt to survey all significant areas and individually-important resources not covered in 1994. It was understood that, unlike the 1994 survey project (tip art I"), which had received a matching Survey and Planning Grant from the Massachusetts Historical Commission (MHC), this 1995 project ("Part II would be fully funded by the City of Marlborough. Michael Steinitz, Survey Director for MHC, however, expressed his willingness to advise and consult on any questions that might arise during course of the project. tI

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II. CRITERIA FOR PROPERTY SELECTION It is the consultant's recommendation that Part II of the survey seek to document all historic resources in Marlborough, not covered under Part I, that retain their architectural or historic significance to the city. Under the guidelines issued by the MHC, the eligibility of properties for a community's historic inventory is primarily based on their physical or architectural integrity as accurate representatives of their time, combined with their role in the development of the city. The survey will examine resources from all periods until approximately 1945; in general, to be included on the inventory of significant resources, more architectural alteration is acceptable for earlier properties than for those constructed after 1900. Although, as with Part I, many buildings of minor historical and architectural significance will be included on area forms because of their contribution to the character of a group or neighborhood as a whole, the existence of many highly-altered early-twentiethcentury buildings scattered throughout the outlying sections of Marlborough is more problematic. In some cases, if grouped with other more significant resources, such buildings may be listed on an area data sheet, and thus included on the inventory. Because of budget constraints that limit the number of inventory forms that can be written this year, however, it is the consultant's recommendation that several highly-altered early-twentieth-century buildings which do not stand in a neighborhood that can be covered on a potential area form be eliminated from this year's project.

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MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES, PART II: PRELIMINARY METHODOLOGY. cont. January 16,1995 A few landscape resources will again be examined. They will include at least one ball field, Jericho Hill ski area, Marlborough Airport, man-made bodies of water such as Fort Meadow and Millham Reservoirs, and possibly a few agricultural vistas. As a rule, natural landscapes will not be included, nor will cellar holes or sites of buildings no longer extant. III. STATUS OF EXISTING DOCUMENTATION. National Register properties. No new properties have been added to the thirteen Marlborough resources that were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. Listed on eight nomination forms, they include several Boston water-supply system resources in south Marlborough, and five individual buildings. Although more information may be found about them this year, because of their status, it is not recommended that new forms be written for any of them during Part II. Assessment of existing survey forms. Approximately 47 inventory forms were written in earlier survey projects (between 1967 and 1984) for non-NR properties located in the areas of focus for Part II. Because none of them have architectural statements, and their historical statements are well below the present standards of documentation put forth by the MHC guidelines, it is recommended that most of them be replaced or updated this year. Because of budget constraints, however, several old forms for buildings and monuments located within the areas covered by group forms last year should probably be retained, even though more information on those properties may now be available. Documentary sources. As in Part I, small commercial maps of Marlborough will be used in the field, and the set of 1969 assessor's maps provided last year by the Department of Public Works will again be heavily used to obtain parcel numbers and gain an understanding of lot size and configuration. It is anticipated that most of the other documentary sources used in Part I (see 1994 Master SUIVeyBibliography) will also provide the documentary basis for the historical information in Part II. Sanborn Fire Insurance maps, which are largely confined to coverage of the downtown area, will probably be somewhat less helpful this year. IV. SURVEY PRODUCTS AND PROCEDURES. Property index. Phase II of this year's survey will include a draft index of properties and areas to be covered on inventory forms. An initial "windshield" sUIVeyconducted during Phase I indicates that the list will include nearly the full range of resource types--buildings, areas and neighborhoods, burial grounds, structures, and landscapes. There will be several area forms for residential neighborhoods, such as the Berlin Road area, Chestnut Hill, Prospect Hill, and John Frye's developments north of the West Village; one or two streetscapes may be written this year, as well. It is not anticipated that any objects or archaelogical sites will be included. At the end of the project, the SUIVeyProperty Index 2

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES, PART II: PRELIMINARY METHODOLOGY. cont. January 16, 1995 from Part I of the survey will be expanded to include the address, historic name, date, and inventory number of those resources covered this year. Inventory forms: Format of inventory forms. In addition to several sample forms written during Phase II, in Phase III, the consultant will prepare approximately 105 inventory forms (or the equivalent in a combination of individual and group forms). The procedure used will be that outlined in the contract between the consultant and the city, and will follow the guidelines of the Massachusetts Historical Commission's Historic Properties Survey Manual. Each inventory form will include at least one photograph, a sketch map, and statements on the property's architectural and historical significance, with a brief list of relevant sources, including all historic maps on which a property appears. Fieldwork and property descriptions. Each resource or resource group will be assessed for its physical integrity and significance, and for its role in Marlborough's development. If detailed field work reveals that some properties do not meet the selection criteria, they wiJI be deleted from the preliminary property index. Properties remaining on the list will be photographed, and their descriptions recorded on field sheets. The descriptions for resources to be covered on individual forms will be more detailed than for those to be covered on group forms; the minimum documentation for the latter will be a listing on an area data sheet, which will include the street address, historic name (if known), and approximate date of construction. Assessor's maps will be used to verify addresses (which may be different than the street numbers displayed on a building), provide map-and-parcel numbers, and to determine property size and configuration. Historical research. During Phases II and III, documentary research will be performed to gather information about the historical significance of the surveyed properties. Based on the precedent set by Part I of the survey, historic maps, (especially those from 1803, 1835, 1853, 1857, 1871, 1875, and 1889), coupled with late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century street directories and real estate valuations, should prove valuable for identifying property owners and residents. Although deed research is usually outside the scope of a community-wide survey project, it is anticipated that approximately one day of research at the Middlesex County Registry of Deeds will serve to clarify some questions as to the ownership of several properties. The historical statements written for the inventory forms will relate the resources to the major themes of Marlborough's development, such as historic patterns of land use, neighborhood expansion and real estate speculation, establishment of transportation systems, economic and industrial development, and social and demographic history.

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MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES, PART II: PRELIMINARY METHODOLOGY. cont. January 16, 1995 Revision of narrative history. A full narrative history of the development of Marlborough was written during Part I of the survey. However, its architectural emphasis was on those properties surveyed last year. Part II of the survey will add to the narrative history more detailed information about the resources surveyed this year. Revision of survey base map. During Phase IV, all properties added to the inventory this year will be given an inventory number and added to the large-scale Survey Base Map that was prepared last year. Assessment of eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places. National Register criteria will be applied to each resource, and criteria statements written for those properties which, in the consultant's judgment, are likely to meet National Register eligibility standards. The existing list of National-Register-recommended properties will then be updated to include those deemed eligible during Part II. Final report. At the end of the project, a final completion report for Part II will be written. It will contain a methodology statement, recommendations for future work, and will include, as attachments, the revised Survey Property Index, National Register eligibility list, Narrative History of Marlborough, and the Master Survey Bibliography. Project Follow-up. lists and negatives, Project Coordinator a brief public slide

When the survey is completed, all relevant items, including photograph and any materials borrowed by the consultant, will be delivered to Lynn Faust. As a final public event, the consultant is prepared to offer talk on the sUlVeyfindings.

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MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES, 1994-1995: PART II, FINAL REPORT

I. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT This project represents the second phase of a community-wide historic properties survey of Marlborough conducted under the Marlborough Historical Commission. The first phase, (Part I), which was completed in the fall of 1994, concentrated on documenting the center of the city. This year's phase, (Part II), which again utilized funding from the Marlborough Office for Community Development, continued the documentation ofthe center and downtown areas, and covered the rest of the city, as well. Again this year, preservation consultant Anne McCarthy Forbes was hired to do the project work, which was completed on August 31, 1995.

II METHODOLOGY The scope and procedures followed for the survey were tailored to the Marlborough Historical Commission's goals of extending the survey to include all historic resources in Marlborough that retain their architectural or historic significance, updating, correcting, and adding to the information from former surveys, and expanding the information base for future preservation and educational efforts. To attain these goals within the prescribed budget, a combination approach was again utilized. As in Part I of the survey, Area Forms were used for the documentation of the more denselydeveloped neighborhoods, especially those with a high concentration of later or less significant resources. Properties that had a high degree of historical or architectural significance were documented in much more detail on individual inventory forms. Among those were some of the oldest farmhouses in Marlborough, many of which had been partially discussed on forms from former surveys. Those forms were either updated with the addition of architectural descriptions and expanded historical narratives, or, in the case of several former forms that contained errors, completely replaced with new forms. Criteria for property selection. All buildings constructed before 1945 were deemed eligible for Marlborough's inventory of historically or architecturally significant properties, provided that they retained their architectural integrity. Most of those judged ineligible were buildings that had been so completely rebuilt as to present the appearance of a post-1945 structure. (For more information on the selection criteria, see the Preliminary Methodology for Part II, 1116/95). Status of existing documentation. The Preliminary Methodology outlines the status of the documentation that existed prior to this survey effort. No new resources have been added to the National Register of Historic Places since the first part of the survey was written. The local context of some NR-listed properties, however, has been expanded in the narrative sections of Area Forms such as the Marlborough Junction form (Form AE) that encompasses the Marlborough Filter Beds (Form 919) and part of the Sudbury Reservoir (Form AR).

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Survey procedures. The Preliminary Methodology of 1/16/95 describes both the documentary and field research methods employed in the survey. The main difference in the sources used in the historical research this year came from the fact that two maps, the 1853 and 1871 Walling maps, were less helpful for Part II, as they do not cover the outlying sections of the city. This time, however, a later plan, James Bigelow's map of 1900, was used considerably more than in Part I, as it concentrates on areas outside the center. A 1940 WPA map from the Massachusetts Archives that shows the distribution of types of resources, although not owners' names, was also helpful in some cases. (See revised Master Bibliography).

III. EXPLANATION OF PRODUCTS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS Inventory fonns. The 1995 project work included the survey of over seven hundred historic, architectural, and cultural resources. To meet the equivalent of the projected 105 inventory forms under the current budget limitations, as was the case with Part I, the total number of forms written was reduced to reflect the sizeable time investment required by the area forms. In all, 88 forms were written, -- 55 building, 4 landscape, 5 burial ground, and 24 area forms. This included the updating and expansion of several existing forms from previous surveys by the addition of architectural statements and new or corrected historical statements. There were no forms written for streetscapes or structures this year. Each inventory form includes at least one photograph, a sketch map, and other pertinent information such as building material, style, builder or architect (if known), date of construction, degree of alteration, setting, and detailed statements of architectural and historical significance. A brief bibliography of sources consulted is part of each form, and always includes any historical maps on which a building or structure is shown. (In many cases an abbreviated source reference appears on the inventory form. For the complete reference, the Master Bibliography should be consulted.) National Register criteria were applied to each property, and potential eligibility is noted on the forms and explained on an accompanying National Register Criteria Statement sheet. Three areas or groups of resources surveyed this year are likely to be eligible for district listing, and 34 resources (buildings and burial grounds) were deemed individually eligible for the National Register. The significance of most of the individuals had already been recognized in their inclusion in former surveys. Several highly significant buildings, however, were disqualified from individual NR eligibility because of architectural changes, the most common of which was the installation of synthetic siding. The master list of all surveyed properties likely to be eligible for the National Register, either individually or as part of a National Register district, was revised and expanded. Maps and maplMHC identification numbers; assessor's map and parcel documentation. The entire inventory from Parts I and II of the survey has been plotted by identification letter or number on a base map provided by the Marlborough Department of Public Works. The numbering system, worked out in conjunction with the Massachusetts Historical Commission, may be used to identify all Marlborough's resources easily in the state MACRIS system (computerized data base for historic properties), as well as in the local Marlborough file. (The Marlborough file, however, instead of being arranged by MHC number, is organized alphabetically by area name and street address.) Each individual resource specifically discussed 2

on an inventory form, whether a building, object, structure, burial ground, or landscape, has been given its own identification number. When possible, properties in one locale have been given contiguous numbers. Since numbers given to resources covered in earlier surveys have been retained, however, many areas include resources with widely discontinuous numbers. In addition, according to Massachusetts Historical Commission policy, all burial grounds have been numbered in the 800's, and all structures, objects, and landscapes in the 900's. The identification numbers for burial grounds now end with MHC #810, and for structures, objects, and landscapes, at #927. The numbers for individual buildings now range from #1 through 799 and from #1000 through 1293. Each group form (Area Form or Streetscape), is identified by an alphabetical designation, currently ranging from Area A through Area AS. Each discussed resource located within an area or streetscape retains its individual identification number. It is important to note that, because of time and budget constraints, only those properties specifically mentioned in the text of individual or group forms have been given identification numbers and listed on the Data Sheets that accompany each Area Form. As a rule, these represent the most historically or architecturally significant resources. There are many more historic properties located within most of the areas, however. Their locations are shown on the Area Sketch Maps. The city assessor's map and parcel number for each property has also been listed on the inventory forms and data sheets. It is anticipated that the use of this data in the survey will help coordinate preservation planning with other types of planning within the city of Marlborough. Narrative history. In Part II the comprehensive developmental history of the community was revised to include more information on the areas and resources surveyed this year. It was also greatly enhanced by a contribution from local resident Ellen Bailey of her research on the local Indian tribes. The narrative history is organized according to the seven major periods of Marlborough's historical development, with an emphasis on the extant resources which remain from each period. Other survey products and results. It is hoped that in the future the Master Bibliography for the survey will prove useful to people wishing to research the town's historic resources in further detail. The attached Property Index has been expanded to include all the historic resources discussed on the inventory forms, with their accompanying MHC/map identification numbers. Historic resources which do not have identification numbers, however, though significant, do not appear on the Property Index. The survey Base Map shows at a glance the boundaries of the surveyed areas, as well as the locations of the inventoried properties situated outside the areas. The list of Properties Potentially Eligible for the National Register is the result of the application of the National Register criteria to the surveyed resources, and should prove a useful tool in future preservation-planning efforts. It should be noted that these recommendations are the opinion of the consultant only, and do not guarantee that a property will be found eligible upon nomination to the Register.

3

IV. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURmER STUDY. The entire city of Marlborough has now been examined for the presence, distribution, and significance of its historic, architectural, and cultural resources. The information that has been gathered may be used as the basis for future preservation efforts, such as the establishment of local historic districts, nominations to the National Register, restorations of significant buildings, and community education. It is also to be hoped that the survey itself will continue. Several important resources that are included only as part of an area or on a form from a former survey have not yet been documented in detail, and individual forms should be written for them in the future. Some, such as the Marlborough High School (#120), the Brigham House at 190 Elm Street (#68) and the Maynard House at 173 Howe Street (#78) have forms from former surveys that should be revised and updated. The authenticity of the John Brown Bell (Form #912) should also be investigated. Even inventory forms written during the past two years should be updated with additional information as it is obtained. (See below). The texts of some forms presently include recommendations for deed or geneological research, etc. Interior inspections, also, should provide clues to how several of the most significant buildings expanded over time, and may even provide new information on the presence of some early structures that are not visible from the exterior. Some altered buildings such as the Brigham House at 320 South Street, the Boyd house at 85 Maple Street, and the cottage at 11 Ames Place that may date to the seventeenth century, are of such significance to the community that they, too, will merit individual forms in the future. Some twentieth-century resources, such as the Pastime Theater and the White City Diner, have also gained enough significance to deserve individual documentation. Finally, at least two buildings that have recently been moved to Marlborough from other communities, the First Period house at 740 Hemenway Street and the Post Road Diner on the East Boston Post Road, should be documented on the inventory forms before their history is lost. Storage recommendations; methodology for adding new information. The survey and inventory, as a public document, should be made readily available to the public. To prevent loss or damage, however, at least one full photocopy should be made for general use. Suggested storage locations are the Marlborough Public Library, Marlborough Historical Society, and at least one municipal office, such as planning or community development. It is recommended that the Marlborough Historical Commission develop a procedure for adding new information to existing inventory forms. The methodology might include attaching continuation sheets to the forms, and requiring that the material be submitted in writing, and always include the name and address of the contributor, date of submission and source of the information.

This project was carried out under the guidance of the Marlborough Historical Commission and Local Project Coordinator Lynn Faust, whose leadership, guidance and cooperation have again been extraordinarily helpful. Ellen Bailey and Virginia Johnson of the Marlborough Historical Society have also contributed large amounts of time, work, and expertise to the project. The staff of the Marlborough Public Library, which, like the Society, maintains a wealth of historical documents, has also given invaluable support to this project, as have the municipal offices of the Marlborough assessors and building departments. Anne McCarthy Forbes August 31, 1995 4

Attachments and related documents Smvey Property Index National Register Recommendations Narrative RistOI)' of Marlborough Master Survey Bibliography Preliminary Methodology, 1/16/95

5

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, AROi ITECIURAL , AND aJL'IURAL RESOURCES: MASTER BIBLIOGRAPHY August, 1995 BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS: Marlborough History Allen, Frederick J. Bent, Samuel A.

"The Shoe Industry."

The Wayside

Inn.

1897.

Bigelow, Ella. Historical Reminiscences Massachusetts. City of Marlborough: Bigelow, James.

of the Early Times in Marlborough, 1910.

"Photos and Descriptions of Some old Houses in Marlborough."

Bridges, Edward G. centennial 1990.

1916.

Gallery of Mayors.

'90: Marlborough

the Ci~v.

Marlborough:

City of Marlborough,

Marlborough:

Marlborough

Conklin, Edwin P. Middlesex County and its Peonle. Historical Publishing Co., 1927.

1927.

1973.

Cultural Affairs,

New York, NY:

Lewis

Cutter, William R., ed. Historic Homes and Places. and Geneoloaical Memoirs Relatina to Families of Middlesex County. Massachusetts. NY: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., 1908.

aDd Personal New York,

Dodd, Martin H. "Marlboro, Mass. and the Strike of the Shoe·..lorkers,1898-1899." Harvard, 1976. Drake, Samuel.

HistorY of ~iddlesex County. Mass.

Boston:

Estes & Lauriat, 1880.

Felton, Cyrus. A Record of More than 450 Remarkable Events in Marlborough Vicinity. Marlborough: Stillman Pratt, 1879. Green, Samuel A. & Son ..1889. Hall, J.S.

Notebook Kent by Rev. William Brimsmead.

The Book of Feet:

the History of Boots and Shoes.

Hudson, Charles. HistorY of the Town of Marlborouah. T.R. Marvin & Son, 1862. Hurd, D. Hamilton.

Cambridge:

John Wilson

1947.

Massachusetts.

Historv of Middlesex County. Mass.

and the

Phil~delphia:

Boston: JW Laws,

1890.

Marlborouah's Three-Hundredth Enterprise-Sun, 1960. Pictorial Marlborough. Pitman, J.A. Co ..

Anniversary.

Marlborough:

Marlborough

1879.

Notes on the Historv of Marlborouah.

1905.

6/20/94 1

Marlborough:

Times Ptilliishing

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, ARCHITECTURAL, MASTER BIBLIOGRAPHY, cant. Rice. Franklin P. Marlborouah. Massachusetts: Worcester: FranY-lin P. Rice, 1908.

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:

~urial. Grounq Inscriptions.

"First Records of Marlborough, Massachusetts." vital Records of Madborouah. Rice, 1908. Stacy, George A.

Massachuset.ts.

1909.

Worcester:

Franklin P.

"The Marlborough Waterworks."

Stavely, Keith. More than Righteous: Character. Comnuni ty. and the Marlborough Public Librarv, 1871-1879. Marlborough: privately printed, 1981. Tllree_.iJ.1J.TI.QLtqQ _'[EE
Leathennakin9_t.D.Massachusetts.

Architectural History Blunenson, John. Identifyina American Architecture. Association of state and Local History, 1977.

Nashville:

Boston:

American

CurrnUngs, Abbott Lowell. The Framed Houses of Massachusetts Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979.

~

Fitch, James Marston. ~erican Building: the Environmental Shaped It. New York, NY: Schock en BOOKS, 1977.

Forces That

___

._._ limericaI}Bui)dina: Schocken Books, 1977.

Gowans, Alan. 1890-1930.

Gill

1625-1725.

the Histori9aJ Forces That Shaned It.

New York, NY:

The Comfortable House: North American Suburban .l~p::hitec::J1J.re, Cambridge, V~: MIT Press, 1986.

Hamlin, Talbot. Greek Revival Architecture Publications, 1964.

in America.

New York, NY:

Hubka. Thomas. j;3i9-!jQuse ",--L1 ttl e HOl:!$_~_BackHous~-:._ Barn. University Press of New England: 1984.

Dover

Hanover." NH:

Jordy, William. American Buildinas and Th~i~ Architects: Propressive and Academic Ideals at the Turn of the Twentieth Century. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press! Doubleday, 1976. Maass, John.

The Victorian Home in America.

McAlester, Virginia and Lee. Alfred Knopf, 1984.

New York, NY:

Hawthorn, 1972.

A Field Guide to American Houses.

New York, NY:

Palliser, George & Charles. The Pallisers' Late Victorian Architecture. Life Foundation, 1977. Reprint of 1878, 1887, 1888. 2

American

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC, MASTER BIBLIc::xiRAPHY,cont.

ARCHITECTURAL,

AND aJL'I'URALRESOURCES:

Pierson. William. Bmerican J;:';ui ldings and Thei.r. .ArcJxLteets~ . th~ ColQ.Il.ial._a...'l.9 Neo-cL~ssical Styles~ Garden City, ~7: Doubleday, 1976 . .

American Buildings and Their Architects: Technolo~and the Picturesaue: the Coroorate and Early Gothic styles. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1976.

Roth, Leland. A Concise Historv Row, 1979.

of Americ.an Architectur:~,

Scully, Vincent. The Shingle style and the stick Style. Historical Publications, 1971. Whiffen, Marcus. 1969.

American Architecture

Slnce 1780.

MANUSCRIPTS, ARTICLES, AND FILES. Bigelow, James. "Photos and Descriptions Reproduction of Scrapbook, 1927. Index to Historic Reminiscences

MA:

Society.

Building Files.

Marlborough

Historical

Society.

Cemetery Records.

Marlborough

Historical

Society.

Family Files.

Marlborough

Historical

Society.

Hector Moineau Photograph

Marlborough

Historical

Society.

Joseph Lapine Photograph

MARLBOROUGH

RECORDS AND PUBLICATIONS

Yale MIT Press,

of the Town of Marlborough.

Collection. Collection.

1865-1890 (most years.)

of Streets and Sewers of Marlborouah

Annual Reoort _()l...j:.h~ Water and Sewaae Comnissionersf._t1<>;.J;".}boro~Ma?~ Intermittent years, 1884-1930.

"Assessors Book, 1794-1857,

of the Town (City} of Marlborouah.

Marlborough,

&

by Ella Bigelow.

Historical

Annual Reoort of the School Comnittee Intermittent years, 1846-1919.

Harper

of Some old Houses in Marlborough."

of Marlborouah

Annual Reoort of the Suoerintendent ¥ear 1901. 1901.

New Haven:

Cambridge,

Marlborough

Marlborough Public Records: Fnnual Reoort of the Selectmen

New York, NY:

Massachusetts".

3

No date.

for the

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC,

AROUTEcruRAL,

AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:

MASTER BIBLIc:x;RAPHY,cant. c:t.tvOrdinances R~J?:Uye to the InsDectiDa of_~_':!iLdin~ __~Dd_E:Lt~_1~_~LaIlc;L ~gn?.t.!"J.!£'Jj...QD-_9.t :§\1.:jJ_Q..illg_~in _Eft ect,

Ordina~ces ~tihe~ity

1920.

of Marlborouq~~~~~

Marlborough

Assessor's Records.

Marlborough

Building Permit Records.

1891,1898,

1902. 1905.

1938-present.

"Town Officials, 1700-1739." Town~al~ations,

Ma~lborouqh,

Mass., 1840.

Valuation of Real and Personal Estates of the Inhabitants of the Town (city) of Marlborouah. Intermittent years, 1860-1926.

Directories: The Marlborough 1869-1961.

and Hudson Directory.

Newspapers: The Marlborouah _Enterorise~

Publisher varies.

~t~rDri§_e-Sun.

Intermittent years,

1389-prese:lt.

U. S. GOVERNMENT AND ca.1MONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSE'ITS SOURCES AND ncx::uMENTS Middlesex County Probate Court Records. Cambridge, MA. Middlesex County Registry of Deeds.

Cambridge, MA.

Massachusetts Historical CorrrrQssion. Reconnai~~~~e Surv~ __B~PQ~t for Marlboro~qh. Boston: Massachusetts Historical cOrrrrQssion,1980. United State Census.. Selected years.

HAPS AND ATLASES Andrews, Samuel.

"A Draft of Malborough

Atlas of the Boundaries

(sic) Plantation".

1667 (1663).

of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Bailey, Oakley H., and J.C. Hazen. J. Knauber & Co., 1878.

Y_i~_of Marlborough,

Mass.

1908. Milwaukee:

Beers, F.W. b1-~§~ __ of MiddlesE?.~_GQ...U[lty-,New York: F.W. Beers, 1875.: and 127: "Marlborough", and plate 128: "Town of Mad borough. " Bigelow, James.

Plates 126

"Map of the City of Marlborough, Middlesex County, Mass."

4

1900.

MARLBOROUGH SURVEY OF HISTORIC,

MASTER BIBLIOGRAPHY, City of Marlborough. Holman, Silas. Hudson, William. Marlborough

ARCHI'I'ECI'URAL,

"Hap of the Town of Marlborough."

1803.

A Plan of the Town of Marlborough.

Massachusetts state Planning Board. WPA Project 20677. 1940.

1830.

City of Marlborough.

Mass.

1989.

Roads and Buildings, City of Marlborough.

"?lan of the Town of Marlborough."

Sanborn Fire Insurance Co. "Maps of Marlborough." U.s. Geologic Survey.

RESOURCES: :

Tax Assessor's Maps.

Department of Public Works.

Peters, Andrew.

AND aJLTURAL

cant.

Quadrangle Maps.

1794. Intermittent dates, 1885-1961.

Varying dates.

Wadsworth, Alexander. Plan of Lots in Marl~Q~q~gh~_p~ina Northerly Part of the Farm of Henry Rice. Boston: L.H. Bradford & Co., 1855. Walker, George H. Atlas of Mid~lesex Cotmty. 1889. Four plates.

Boston: George H. Walker & Co.,

Walling, Henry F. MaD of the Town of Marlboroua~. A. Kollner Lithography, 1853 . .

. MaE .. .QLl1iddlesex County. are dated 1856). Plan of Marlborough.

Boston:

Philadelphia:

Smith:; Bumstead,

1857 (Some versions

1871.

Wood, Willia~ H. b Plan of Marlborough. Pendleton's Lithography, 1835.

Middlesex County, Mass.

5

Boston: