Machine Psychology

Machine Psychology Aladdin Ayesh; MSc, PhD De Montfort University http://www.cse.dmu.ac.uk/~aayesh/

Scenario – The Lair Paradox • Time: sometime not very much in the far future. • Place: robot psychiatry Robot patient I am becoming a compulsive lair, can you help me? Psychiatrist – internal conversation If he is a lair, can I believe that he is a lair?!

What are we going to talk about? • The development of computerised machines has taken a new direction with the development of faster, more affordable and more reliable processors and memory. • E.g. G3 Mobile Phones • Machine psychology is about creating more humane machines with cognition, emotions and intelligently irrational – just like the human! • We will talk about living machines with mind- the Challenge.

Agenda • AI Beginnings – Philosophical beginnings – Turing Machine

• Where are we now? – Rational and irrational intelligence – Can a machine have a psychology and what does it all mean?

• What is the next episode? • Happy reading!

AI Beginnings • Philosophical beginnings – Before Artificial Intelligence is announced as a research field, several philosophers, psychologists, sociologists and linguistics were trying to formulate the human thinking process:  As early as: Locke (1632-1704), Hume (1711-1776), Kant (1724-1804), Hegel (1770-1831), Husserl (1858-1938), Heidegger (1889-1976),  Formalising logic: Russell (1872-1970), Wittgenstein (18891951)  Machines started: Gödel (1906-1978), Turing (1912-1952)

AI Beginnings • Turing Machine – first proposed by Alan Turing in 1936, gave a beginning for mechanised algorithms. • Turing Test – first benchmark of machine intelligence proposed by Alan Turing in 1950. AI has been born!

Where are we now? • Rational and irrational intelligence – Does intelligence have to be through rational thinking? – Child plays – Dog fetches – Does any of this demonstrate intelligence? Thinking?

• http://www.animalsentience.com/

Where are we now? • In late 1970s and during 1980 researchers started to revise intelligence. • One branch of psychology is to study human intelligence and psychology from their behaviour => behaviourist approach. • STRIPS from Stanford 1979 • Subsumption Architecture from MIT 1985/’87

Where are we now? • However, the achievement of demonstrative intelligence left us with questions: – – – –

What can we do with it? How far will it be useful in daily life for domestic use? Can the answer be a return to the rational school? Are humans rational? What about emotions? Perceptions? The complexity of human psychology = human intelligence? – BUT

Where are we now? • Can a machine have a psychology and what does it all mean? – This is a challenge for all researchers in the multi-disciplinary fields of cognitive science. – Understanding our own cognition is a first step. – Finding formula to specify this understanding – Implementing it! => Artificial Brain!

What is the next episode? • Cognitive Science and Cognitive Systems are well established research fields now and growing. • Cognitive Robots is a field emerged that looks at a complete cognitive creatures. • National and international funding bodies and companies recognise the importance of this field (imagine cognitive intelligent mobile phones!). • Grand Challenge for the Architecture of Brain and Mind.

Happy Reading • • • • • • • •

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-machine/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_state_machine http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/cogarch3/Brooks/Brooks.html A field guide to philosophy of mind – http://host.uniroma3.it/progetti/kant/field/ http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cognitive-science/ A web site for animal intelligence – http://www.animalsentience.com/ Betty Crow Hook story (Oxford Research Group) – http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2178920.stm Sheep Dog Simulator at Birmingham – http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/figs/simagent/

http://www.cse.dmu.ac.uk/~aayesh/