London - Broszura Arek I Wojtek

London, or There and Back Again

Arek Mycek, Wojtek Pokryszka kl. Ib LO

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List of contents 1. Accommodation.…………………………………………………………...3 2. BBC Broadcasting House(A)…………………………………………….4 3. Statue of Eros(B)…………………………………………………………..6 4. Admiralty Arch(C)………………………………………………………….8 5. Whitehall(D)...............……………………………………………………..10 6. Big Ben and Houses of Parliament(E).………………………………..12 7. Queen Boudicca's Monument (Westminster Bridge)(F).…………..14 8. Royal Courts Of Justice(G)……………………………………………..15 9. Tower Bridge(H)…………………………………………………………..17 10. The Women’s Library(I).....……………………………………………...19 11. The Monument……………………………………………………………20

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Our proposition for accommodation is Lincoln House Hotel. It is situated near BBC Broadcasting House which is one of our destinations. Hotel is newly renovated and wellequipped. Rooms are ne-suite with bathroom. We can there as well color television, modem access, in room direct dial, satellite and cable. Check-in time is on 12.00 and check-out time is on 11.00. For double room you must pay just 74£ and contain dinner. But if someone want to eat outside a good choose will be Hibiscus at Maddox Street. It’s quite good restaurant, near Oxford Circus, opened Mon to Fri 12:00-14:30 & 18:30-22:00. For evenings we suggest Drill Hall , which is the capital's largest and liveliest gay and lesbian theatre stage. The Drill Hall, just off Tottenham Court Road, stages its own work, as well as shows from all over the world. During sightseeing, you can get tired of this, so we recommend you a short trip to one of the most known places in London - Chelsea London Stadium. The guided tour of Stamford Bridge will lead you into areas usually reserved for the players on a matchday, and is a truly memorable experience with many photo opportunities. Each tour will last approximately 60 minutes, and includes: + The Press Room + Television Interview Room + The Visitors Dressing Room + The Chelsea FC Dressing Room + Walk through the Player's Tunnel + Pitch side & dugouts The Stadium is opened for visitors :10.30am - 4.30pm seven days a week. last entry at 4.00.

Of course there are a lot more interesting places and events in London but it’s up to you what you choose.

BBC Broadcasting House

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BBC Broadcasting House was built in 1932, as the BBC’s first broadcast centre. An architect of this bulding was Lieutenant Colonel G. Val Myer. It is situated in central London, between Oxford Street and Regents Park. ‘House’ is built of Portland stone; nine floors above ground, three below, with a central heavy masonry tower originally containing all the studios, with lighter steel-framed shell around it providing acoustic buffering.

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It was badly damaged during Second World War and was rebuilt after that. Since war the building was expanded by two modern extensions, in 1961 and 1995. But these have been demolished for new part of centre. The building has often been compared to a ship, with its accentuated front section bearing a clock tower and aerial mast. The Architectural Review of 1932 described Broadcasting House as the "new Tower of London". It is strangely asymmetrical, which was not originally designed, but Val Myer had to adapt his first plan because local residents complained about lack of light. This meant the building was symmetrical up to the sixth floor, and after that the building was sloped back. Historical broadcast 'firsts' at Broadcasting House The first broadcast was by Henry Hall and his BBC Dance Orchestra on 15 March 1932. John Logie Baird tried out his experimental television apparatus in a studio in Broadcasting House in August 1932. Radio 1 first broadcast on 30 September 1967 was from Studio D on the first floor. Vivien Leigh played Lady Teazle in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's 'A School for Scandal' in 1942. On Christmas Day 1932, King George V gave the first royal broadcast to the Empire Rudyard Kipling scripted the broadcast. On June 18 1940, General de Gaulle made a speech at Broadcasting House following his escape from Nazi-overrun France, in which he rallied his compatriots to what would become the Free French Forces. Fascinating historical facts • • • • • •

It was the first building in London to have artificially ventilated toilets. The cost of building – as reported in the press of 1930 – was £500,000 (around £25 million by today's standards). On completion, Broadcasting House featured 22 studios, one mile of corridors, 800 doors, 1250 stairs and 50 miles of electrical wiring. As the BBC was regarded as a target for "fifth columnists and subversives", Broadcasting House had a 24-hour police guard during the Second World War. Broadcasting House was painted grey during the Second World War to disguise it from bomber attack but nevertheless it was bombed three times. The building has a bunker under it, built in 1942 following the Blitz with walls that are 22 inches thick, to allow broadcasting to continue should the building sustain a direct

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Statue of Eros

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The famous statue of Eros in Piccadilly Circus is one of the symbols of London. It is also known as the Shaftesbury Monument, having been erected as a memorial to the philanthropist Lord Shaftesbury. The actual figure rises above a fountain, which is made in bronze, but Eros is made out of aluminium, at that time a rare and novel material. The sculptor was Alfred Gilbert RA. The fountain was unveiled in 1893, and was warmly described by the Magazine of Art as 'a striking contrast to the dull ugliness of the generality of our street sculpture, ... a work which, while beautifying one of our hitherto desolate open spaces, should do much towards the elevation of public taste in the direction of decorative sculpture, and serve freedom for the metropolis from any further additions of the old order of monumental monstrosities.' Unfortunately, the statue had already been vandalised by August of the same year, and the spot had been 'permitted to be used as a playground by dirty and squalid children'. Since then it has undergone various tribulations, including in 1994 damage by a drunken visitor climbing on it and bending the figure. Since then, it was renovated and put back, as one of the most familiar sculptural emblems of London.

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Admiralty Arch

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Admiralty Arch Leading from the southwest corner of Trafalgar Square into The Mall, this arched ceremonial gateway is one of London's most famous landmarks. The Admiralty Arch takes its name from the nearby Royal Navy headquarters, though the Arch itself has no naval association. Admiralty Arch was designed in 1910 by Sir Aston Webb (who also worked on Buckingham Palace and the Victoria and Albert Museum) to provide an elegant ceremonial passage from the Trafalgar Square towards Buckingham Palace. The main arch is always closed and is only opened for important occasions. The smaller outer arches are for passers-by. Remaining arches are for vechicles. The Arch was originally sponsored by King Edward VII in memory of his mother, Queen Victoria, but Edward died before the work completed. A Latin inscription on the underside of the Arch denotes this memorial connection. As part of the same development scheme that saw the Admiralty Arch built, Sir Aston Webb also widened The Mall (the old Mall, which dates from the time of Charles II, still exists beside the current thoroughfare), and provided the gilt statue of Victoria in front of Buckingham Palace, that provides such a striking counterpoint to the Admiralty Arch at the other end of The Mall.

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Whitehall

Whitehall is a road in London. It is the main artery running north from Parliament Square, towards Charing Cross, now at the southern end of Trafalgar Square and marked by the 10

statue of Charles I, which is often regarded as the heart of London. Recognised as centre of HM Government, the road is lined with government departments/ministries; "Whitehall" is therefore also frequently used as a metonym for governmental administration. The name is taken from the vast Palace of Whitehall that used to occupy the area but which was largely destroyed by fire in 1698. Whitehall was originally a wide road that ran up to the front of the palace. Trafalgar Square was built at its northern end in the early 19th century. The streets cover a total distance of about 0.6 mile (1 km).

History Parliament Street was a small side road alongside the palace leading to the Palace of Westminster. When the palace was destroyed and its ruins demolished, Parliament Street was widened to match Whitehall. The present appearance of the street is largely the result of 19th century redevelopment. The Banqueting House, built in 1622 by Inigo Jones, is the only surviving portion of the former palace. The name Whitehall is often used to refer to the government of the United Kingdom (1922–1991) or senior ministers in the same way the Kremlin refers to the Russian/Soviet governments, or White House refers to the executive branch of the government of the United States. The Cenotaph, the principal war memorial of Britain, is in the centre of the road. In 2005 a Monument to the Women of World War II was placed just a short distance northwards from the Cenotaph. The central portion of the street is dominated by military buildings, including the Ministry of Defence, with the former headquarters of the British Army and Royal Navy, the Horse Guards building and the Admiralty, on the opposite side. The road also hosts equestrian statues of George, Duke of Cambridge, a former Army Commander-in-Chief and Earl Haig, Commander in Chief of the British Armies in France 1915-1918. Downing Street leads off the south-west end of Whitehall, just above Parliament Street. It is closed to the public at both ends by security gates erected in 1989.

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Big Ben and Houses of Parliament

Big Ben is one of London’s best-known landmarks, and looks most spectacular at night when the clock faces are illuminated. The four dials of the clock are 23 feet square, the minute hand is 14 feet long and the figures are 2 feet high. Big Ben is an excellent timekeeper, which has rarely stopped. The name Big Ben is not the name of clock-tower but to thirteen ton bell. The bell was named after the first commissioner of works, Sir Benjamin Hall. This bell came originally from the old Palace of Westminster. Before returning to Westminster to hang in its present home, it was refashioned in Whitechapel in 1858. The BBC first broadcast the chimes on the 31st December 1923 - there is a microphone in the turret connected to Broadcasting House.

During the second world war in 1941, an incendiary bomb destroyed the Commons chamber of the Houses of Parliament, but the clock tower remained untouched and Big Ben continued to keep time and strike away the hours, its unique sound was broadcast to the nation and around the world.

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There are even cells within the clock tower where Members of Parliament can be imprisoned for a breach of parliamentary privilege, though this is rare; the last recorded case was in 1880. The tower is not open to the general public, but those with a "special interest" may arrange a visit to the top of the Clock Tower through their local (UK) MP.

Houses of Parliament The Houses of Parliament, also known as the Palace of Westminster is the seat of Britain's two parliamentary houses, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. In the middle of the 11th century, King Edward the Confessor had moved his court to the Palace of Westminster, situated on a central site near the river Thames. In 1265 a parliament was created with two houses: the Lords and the Commons. The House of Lords met at the Palace of Westminster while the House of Commons did not have a permanent location. After King Henry VIII moved his court to Whitehall Palace in 1530, the House of Lords continued to meet in Westminster. In 1547 the House of Commons also moved here, confirming Westminster as the central seat of government, a position it still holds today. The new Palace of Westminster In 1834 a fire destroyed the Palace of Westminster , leaving only the Jewel Tower, the crypt and cloister of St. Stephens and Westminster Hall intact. A competition was organized to create a new building for the two houses of parliament. A design by Sir Charles Barry and his assistant Augustus Welby Pugin was chosen from 97 entries. They created a large but balanced complex in neo gothic style and incorporated the buildings that survived the fire. The whole complex was finished in 1870. During the Second World War, on 10 May 1941, a bombing raid destroyed the House of Commons chamber. Architect Sir Giles Gilbert Scott designed a new, five-floor block (with two floors occupied by the chamber). It was used for the first time on 26 October 1950. You can access Big Ben and House of Parliament every time you want.

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Queen Boudicca's Monument (Westminster Bridge)

Boudicca's Statue For all the world, this massive bronze statue of the legendary Queen Boudicca in her chariot looks as if it’s about to take the City of London. Pulled by horses, Boudicca – or Boadicea as she’s sometimes known – looks very selfconfident. And if history is to be believed, she was a terrifying enemy. After the Roman occupying force flogged her and raped her daughters, Boudicca led her East Anglian forces into battle against them, ransacking Colchester and St. Albans and burning London before being finally defeated in AD62. The statue was made by the English artist Thomas Thornycroft from 1856 until 1885, but it wasn’t erected in its current position near Westminster Bridge until 1902.

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Royal Courts Of Justice

The Royal Courts of Justice, commonly called the Law Courts, is the building in London which houses the Court of Appeal of England and Wales and the High Court of Justice of England and Wales. Courts within the building are open to the public although there may be some restrictions depending upon the nature of the cases being heard. The main entrance The building is a large grey stone edifice in the Victorian Gothic style and was designed by George Edmund Street. It was built in the 1870s. The Royal Courts of Justice were opened by Queen Victoria in December 1882. Those who do not have legal representation may receive some assistance within the court building. The Citizens Advice Bureau has a small office in the main entrance hall where lawyers provide free advice. There is usually a queue for this service. There is also a Personal Support Unit where litigants in person can get emotional support and practical information about what happens in court. History and architecture

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The Great Hall in 1882 In 1868 it was finally decided that George Edmund Street, R.A. was to be appointed the sole architect for the Royal Courts of Justice and it was he who designed the whole building from foundation to varied carvings and spires. Building was started in 1873 by Messrs. Bull & Sons of Southampton.

The Strand facade of the Royal Courts of Justice in 1890. Parliament paid £1,453,000 for the 6-acre (24,000 m2) site upon which 450 houses had to be demolished. The building was paid for by cash accumulated in court from the estates of the intestate to the sum of £700,000. Oak work and fittings in the court cost a further £70,000 and with decoration and furnishing the total cost for the building came to under a million pounds. The dimensions of the building (in round figures) are: 470 feet (140 m) from east to west; 460 feet (140 m) from north to south; 245 feet (75 m) from the Strand level to the tip of the fleche.. Over the highest point of the upper arch is a figure of Jesus; to the left and right at a lower level are figures of Solomon and Alfred the Great; that of Moses is at the northern front of the building. Also at the northern front, over the Judges entrance are a stone cat and dog representing fighting litigants in court. On either side are gateways leading to different courts and to jury and witness rooms from which separate staircases are provided for them to reach their boxes in court. During the 1960s, jury rooms in the basement area were converted to courtrooms. At either end of the hall are handsome marble galleries from which the entire Main Hall can be viewed. The walls and ceilings (of the older, original Courts) are panelled in oak which in many cases is elaborately carved. It is opened since 9.00 am to 4.30 pm.

Tower Bridge

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Bridge History Tower Bridge was completed in 1894, after eight years of construction. However, many people don't realise why it was even built in the first place, or why it is so different from London's other bridges. The need for a new bridge Originally, London Bridge was the only crossing over the Thames. As London grew, so more bridges were added, but these were all to the west of London Bridge, since the area east of London Bridge had become a busy port. In the 19th century, the east end of London became so densely populated that public pressure mounted for a bridge to the east of London Bridge, as journeys for pedestrians and vehicles were being delayed literally by hours. Finally in 1876, the City of London Corporation, who were responsible for that part of the Thames, decided that the problem could be put off no longer. How a design was chosen The big problem for the City of London Corporation was how to build a bridge downstream from London Bridge without disrupting river traffic activities. To get as many ideas as possible, the "Special Bridge or Subway Committee" was formed in 1876, and opened the design of the new crossing to public competition. Over 50 designs were put forward for consideration, some of which you can see when you visit the Tower Bridge Exhibition. However, it wasn't until October 1884 that Horace Jones, the City Architect, in collaboration with John Wolfe Barry, offered the chosen design for Tower Bridge as a solution. The building of the bridge It took eight years, five major contractors and the relentless labour of 432 construction workers to build Tower Bridge. Two massive piers had to be sunk into the river bed to support the construction, over 17

11,000 tons of steel provided the framework for the Towers and WalkwaysYou can find out more about the building of Tower Bridge and the people involved in its construction when you visit The Tower Bridge Exhibition. How it works - then and now When it was built, Tower Bridge was the largest and most sophisticated bascule bridge ever built ("bascule" comes from the French for "see-saw"). It was a hydraulically operated bridge, using steam to power the enormous pumping engines. The energy created was then stored in six massive accumulators so that, as soon as power was required to lift the Bridge, it was readily available. The accumulators fed the driving engines, which drove the bascules up and down. Despite the complexity of the system, the bascules only took about a minute to raise to their maximum 86 degrees. Nowadays, the bascules are still operated by hydraulic power, but since 1976 they have been driven by oil and electricity rather than steam. The original pumping engines, accumulators and boilers are on show as part of the Tower Bridge Exhibition, and you can also see the current machinery and control cabins when you come on a "Behind The Scenes Tour". (Behind The Scenes Tours must be pre-booked) Interesting facts Tower Bridge has a fascinating history, which is explored in full in the Tower Bridge Exhibition. You can enter it from 9.30 to 18.00 (last admission 17:00)

The Women's Library

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History of The Women's Library The Women's Library exists to collect documents and explore women's lives in Britain in the past, present and future. This is the biggest and the most extensive resource for women's history in the UK. It was created in 1926, as the Library of the London Society for Women's Service, the successor of the London women's suffrage organisation led by Millicent Fawcett. Its first home was a converted pub in Marsham Street, Westminster. n 1953 both the Society and the Library were renamed in honour of Millicent Fawcett. The Fawcett Society ran the Library until 1977, when it moved to City Polytechnic, later known as London Guildhall University, and now part of London Metropolitan University. In the old storage, the collection was exposed to flooding, in order to rescue it, the University fund a new home Society. In 2002 the Women’s Library was renamed and moved into newly built house. The Women's Library today joins together a Reading Room for the consultation of printed materials, archives, and museum collections, an exhibition hall, and education and events facilities. It aims to inspire learning and debate on issues that concern nowadays women . The Reading Room is open Tuesday to Friday, 9.30am to 5.00pm, with a late evening opening on Thursday until 8.00pm.

The Monument

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The Monument to the Great Fire of London, more commonly known as The Monument, is a 202 ft (61.57 metre) tall stone Roman doric column in the City of London, near to the northern end of London Bridge. It is located at the junction of Monument Street and Fish Street Hill, from where the Great Fire of London started in 1666. The total cost for the Monument was £13,450 of which £11,300 was paid to the masoncontractor Joshua Marshall. The area around the base of the Monument, Monument Street, has been pedestrianised in a £790,000 street improvement scheme. The Monument closed on July 30, 2007 for an 18 month, £4.5 million refurbishment project and re-opened at 12:00 on Monday 16th February 2009 The first Rebuilding Act, passed in 1669, stipulated that "the better to preserve the memory of this dreadful visitation", a column of either brass or stone should be set up on Fish Street Hill, on or near the site of Farryner's bakery, where the fire began. Wren, as Surveyor-General of the King's Works was asked to submit a design. It was not until 1671 that the City Council approved the design, and it was another six years before the 202-foot Monument was complete. It was two more years before the inscription, was set in place. "Commemorating—with a brazen disregard for the truth—the fact that 'London rises again…three short years complete that which was considered the work of ages.'"[

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