Linking And Logical Devices In Writing

LINKING AND LOGICAL DEVICES IN WRITING ORDERING POINTS, ADDING INFORMATION • • • • • • • • • • •

First(ly), Second(ly), Third(ly), etc. First of all, What is more, Also, * Besides,* And Moreover, Futhermore, Finally, Lastly, Last but not least,

COMPARING, CONTRASTING -

But Yet, However, Nevertheless, Despite + N In spite of + N Although Even though On the one hand,.... on the other hand

CAUSE AND EFFECT         

That’s why* So,* Because + clause Then, In that case, As a result, Because of this, Therefore Otherwise,

o o o o

All in all, Generally, In general, To sum up,

SUMMERIZING, CONCLUDING

Examples of sentences: She didn’t have time to do her homework or prepare to the lesson. However, she did have time to go to the cinema. First of all, he stinks. What is more, he eats too much. Last but not least, he’s a bore. She’s charming, intelligent, very polite and hard - working. All in all, she’s perfect. Although I gave you the money and asked you to buy ticket, you did no do it. In spite of being a bore, he menages to have many friends. Please do the homework next time. Otherwise, I’ll have to give you a failing grade. On one hand, he has no money. On the other hand, he really loves my doughter. How would you make these sentences more fromal? Sometimes you have to change the sentences a bit or make two sentences out of one. 1. I forgot the keys so I couldn’t get to my flat. 2. I didn’t phone you because I had lost your number. 3. He’s boring, he doesn’t wash, he’s terribly stupid and he’s a gossip. 4. I don’t like Tony but I’m really fond of Jane.

Remember that after conjuctions of time and condition you can’t have ‘will’: Time:

Condition:

Conjunctions of time: