Lesson11&12 Second Case

saMskRt baalapuYpma\ 2 paz: 11 kma-karkma\ ivaBai>:

iWtIyaa

Lesson 11 Objective Case.

Introduction Dear friends and students, You will find lots of surprise after learning Karakas. You can get the meaning of Slokas after this section. You may be able to understand the books like Ramayana, Mahabharatha, Gita etc. Sure you can understand 40 to 50% meaning of Sanskrit words that are used in prayers etc. Continuous learning will make you perfect. Few days before I went to my friend’s house and he introduced me to his Russian friend. She spoke to me for a while and told Sanskrit is a difficult language to learn. But there are some techniques to learn this beautiful language she added. Yes, it is true. A student who he understands the prepositions i.e. Karaka @ Vibhaktis, do well in Sanskrit. Let us go to the lesson………. Important note: This is very important portion to understand the language completely. In this you are going to learn mainly the prepositions. This section is totally different from other languages. Here learners feel this language is difficult. If you understand this properly you are able to understand the meaning of slokas and conversation. The prepositions are used separately either before or after the noun in many of the languages (!!!) including Hindi. But in Sanskrit it is used with the noun itself like Tamil, Malayalam and other Indian languages. Now we will see the names of cases. We are going to have two parts (postings) in every case.

1.Nominative case Rkarkma\ 2.Accusative case object, to (go), towards and about karkma\ 3.Instrumental case by, with and through krNakarkma\ 4.Dative case for, to (give) saMp`danakarkma\

ktkma-

5.Ablative case from, than Apadanakarkma\ 6.Possessive case of, ‘s, s’ and among sambanQakarkma\ 7.Locative case. in, on, at and among AiQakrNakarkma\ Here in Sanskrit too we have all these case without any change. Let us see all these cases one by one in the next lessons.

kma-karkma\ iWtIyaa ivaBai>: I) Write the following words in II case. First let us identify the ending of the every noun. For example: Words

Ending

dova baala lata maalaa Aa kiva mauina [ nadI gaaOrI with [Baanau saUnau ending with ] iptR maatR with } Bavat\ gacCt\

Akar Ant: means ending with A Aakar Ant: means ending with [kar Ant: [-kar Ant:

means ending with

means ending

]kar Ant: ?kar Ant: tkar Ant:

means

means ending

means ending with

t

1. All these words ending in a same letter are a separate group. 2. Each group ends in a separate format. 3. The prepositions of all the words (ending in different letters also) are same. 4. It is must to learn the table called Sabdarup. (It will be given in the forth coming supplementary). Because the practice of every case may take more time. Read the table below. Note the changes of the ending in kma-karkma\ The second case is used as object. For example: The hunter kills the deer. Here the hunter is the subject and the deer is the object. We use this case for the following prepositions. “to (go), towards, about, without”

Xabd ekvacan iWvacan bahuvac a: ama\ ama\ anama\ baala baalama baalaaO baalaa: \ nar narma\ naraO narana\ pu$Ya pu$Yama\ pu$YaaO pu$Yaana \ pa~m pa~o pa~o pa~aiNa a\ flama\ flama\ flao flaaina lata latama\ lato lata: maala maalaam maalao maalaa: a a\ roKa roKa roKo roKa: Practice the words ending with do others with little effort. Understand

baalaM

A and Aa thoroughly and you can able to

(Singular) means a boy is object, to a boy, towards a boy and

about a boy.

baalaaO

(Dual) means two boys are object, to two boys, towards two boys and about two boys.

baalaana\

(Plural) means many boys are object, to (many) boys, towards (many) boys and about (many) boys. Note the last letter indicates the preposition. Write the menaing of the following:

latama\ ( lato ( lata: ( baalakM ( baalakaO ( baalakana\

)

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)

___________________________________________

)

___________________________________________ )

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) ___________________________________________

( ___________________________________________

)

maalaama\

( ___________________________________________

maalao maalaa:

)

(

) ___________________________________________

(

) ___________________________________________

Read the following sentences and write the meaning of the next sentenses.

1 Ba>: dovaM namait . 1. A devotee salutes God. 2 Ca~a: pazXaalaaM gacCint . 2. Students go to School.

3 %vaM pazM pzisa . 3. You read the lesson. 4 yaUyaM payasaM ipbaqa . 4. You all drink Payasam (a sweet made with milk).

5 AhM lataM pXyaaima . 5. I look at a creeper. 6 vayaM kivataM ilaKama: . 6. We all write a poem. 7 vaanara: flaaina Kadint . 7. _______________________________________

8 AXvaa: GaasaM Kadint .

8.

_______________________________________

9 rama: EaIkRYNaM pXyait .

9.

_______________________________________

10 yauvaaM payasaM ipbaqa: .

10.

_______________________________________

11 Ca~a: pustkalayaM gacCint . _______________________________________

11.

12 dova: Ba>ana\ rxait .

12.

_______________________________________

13 isaMh: maRgaM maaryait .

13.

_______________________________________

14 gau$: ]pdoXaM kraoit .

14.

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15 maata AnnaM pcait .

15.

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II) Fill in the blanks with Second case.

1 baalak: 2 gaja: 3 AhM 4 %vaM 5 ivaValaya

pzit . pustk Kadit . Gaasa Kadaima . Baaojana Kadisa . XaaKa ]Bayat: vaRxaa: saint .

III Frame sentences with the words given in the box.

vaya ma\ taO sa: % vama \ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

pi~kam a\ kivata ma\ laoKM inaban Qama\

Pazit ilaKis a ilaKt: ilaKa ma:

vayama\ pi~kaM ilaKama: . _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________

9 _______________________________________ 10_______________________________________ 11_______________________________________ 12_______________________________________ Sloka teaches Case 2:

maixaka: va`Nama\ [cCint Qanama\ [cCint paiqa-vaa: . maUZa: klahma\ [cCint Xaaintma\ [cCint saaQava: .. Meaning: Flies like wounds/hurts. Kings like money. Fools like quarrel and good people like peace.

ga=\gaa papM XaXaI tapM dOnyaM klpt$: tqaa . papM tapM ca dOnyaM ca hrit EaIhro: kRpa .. Meaning: The ganges destroys the sin, the moon feelings and the Kalpaka Tree poverty. But the blessings of God destroys all these three.

vasaudovasautM dovaM kMsacaaNaUrmad-nama\ . dovakIprmaanandma\ kRYNaM vando jagad\gau$ma\ .. Meaning: I salute Lord Krishna, who is the Lord of the universe, son of Vasudeva, destroyer of Kamsa and Chanura and giving great happiness to Devaki.

maUkM kraoit vaacaalaM p=\gauM la=\Gayato igairma\ . ya%kRpa tma\ Ahma\ vando prmaanandmaaQavama\ .. Meaning: I salute the mercy of Madhava who gives pleasure to others, makes a dumb talkative and makes a lame to cross the mountain.

Lessons are prepared and published on behalf of Kalidasa-SamskritaKendram Trust, Madurantakam by V.C. Govindarajan. Your feedback to [email protected] or [email protected] by kalidasa-samskrita-kendram, Madurantakam

Previous lessons are available in the following links. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kalidasa/files/ and http://www/geocities.com/vcgrajan/kendram.html

Next: Second part of this lesson.