Lesson 4
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Proxemics and haptics (Distance and touching)
Proxemics and Territory
"Dogs pee to mark their territory; how do you mark yours?"
Judy Varga Toth- 1999: 73
Proxemics is the use of space that individuals exhibit when they are interacting with each other
Communication is influenced by and influences the distances between people; different cultures have differing norms and attitudes towards personal space.
Proxemics-The nonverbal study of space and distance Territory-the space we consider as belonging to us.
Space/Distance as an indicator of intimacy Space/Distance as an indicator of status
Edward T. Hall Proxemics
Space Management
of Permanent
Structures Management of objects within space Management of informal space
Distance
Intimate distance Personal distance Social distance Public distance
Edward Hall: conversational distance
Intimate distance
up to 18 inches close friends, mates, lovers between parents and children or even in some cultures between acquaintances for private purposes such as love, sharing, protecting and comforting. whispered voice, physical contact, vision is out of focus, olfactory sense and touch sense are important.
Intimate distance
Personal distance
from 18 inches to 4 feet casual conversations occurs, or informal contact between friends, close fellow workers. at cocktail parties, office parties, social functions and friendly gatherings. normal voice, some physical contact, vision in focus, olfactory and touch sense is not important
Personal Distance
Social distance from 4 feet to 12 feet (≈ 122- 366cm) impersonal business such as job interview, business meetings, classroom… is conducted no physical contact, raise voice at times, vision in focus
Social distance
Public distance
anything more than 12 feet to the hearable distance reserved for formal speech, lectures, public meeting … with no physical contact, one way communication, speech must be projected and amplified to be heard, vision in focus but far
Public distance
Public distance
Factors affecting personal spaces
Relationship:
Culture (high/low contact culture) Slide 31
Gender:
Communicating areas/ Settings
Age
during childhood
teenagers and over
Old age
Population density
men from the countryside
men from the city
Culture shock
Culture shock
TOUCH (Tactile communication/ haptics)
We employ touching behaviours for a variety of reasons. E.g. We kiss babies, hold hands with loved ones, hug family members to show love. We shake hands to be sociable and polite. We pat a person on the back for encouragement.
Richard Heslin: 5 different categories of touch behaviour.
Functionalprofessional touch
Social-polite touch
Friendship-warmth touch
Love-intimacy touch
Sexual- arouse touch
Touch
Handshaking
The all-American
Palm: open, upright A fully engages B’s hand 2-3 pumps
The all-American
The lingering handshake
For a long time Many pumps The end of the handshake pauses/lingers
The push-off A pushes B’s hand away.
The pull-in A holds on to B’s hand to pull B closer to A
The pull-in
The palm-down thrust A’s palm faces down in relation to B’s.
The palm-down thrust
The palm-up thrust A’s palm faces up in relation to B’s.
The finger squeeze A extends his hand quickly catches B’s fingers and squeezes them.
The twister A grabs B’s hand normally twists it clockwise/ counterclockwise.
The dead fish •Hand: slack •Fingers: free + lightly curved.
The dead fish
The shake and cover A’s right hand: holds B’s palm A’s left hand: covers the handshake
The glove handshake A’s right hand: holds B’s palm A’s left hand: holds the back of B’s hand.
The glove handshake
The palm pinch A offers only 2/3/4 fingers holds B’s hand lightly without/with only 1-2pumps.
The palm pinch
The bone crusher
A holds B’s hand + tightens it strongly 1-2 tim
The finger tip grab A grabs B’s fingers instead of the whole palm.
The shake and support A’s right hand: hold B’s palm A’s left hand: holds his forearm/elbow
The shake and support
The shake and grip A’s right hand: holds B’s palm A’s left hand: grip B’s wrist/forearm/ elbow/ shoulder/ neck
The shake and pat A’s right hand: holds B’s palm several times. A’s left hand: pats on B’s shoulder
Proxemics and Territory
"Dogs pee to mark their territory; how do you mark yours?"
Judy Varga Toth- 1999: 73
Proxemics is the use of space that individuals exhibit when they are interacting with each other
Communication is influenced by and influences the distances between people; different cultures have differing norms and attitudes towards personal space.
Proxemics-The nonverbal study of space and distance Territory-the space we consider as belonging to us.
Space/Distance as an indicator of intimacy Space/Distance as an indicator of status
Edward T. Hall Proxemics
Space Management
of Permanent
Structures Management of objects within space Management of informal space
Distance
Intimate distance Personal distance Social distance Public distance
Edward Hall: conversational distance
Intimate distance
up to 18 inches close friends, mates, lovers between parents and children or even in some cultures between acquaintances for private purposes such as love, sharing, protecting and comforting. whispered voice, physical contact, vision is out of focus, olfactory sense and touch sense are important.
Intimate distance
Personal distance
from 18 inches to 4 feet casual conversations occurs, or informal contact between friends, close fellow workers. at cocktail parties, office parties, social functions and friendly gatherings. normal voice, some physical contact, vision in focus, olfactory and touch sense is not important
Personal Distance
Social distance from 4 feet to 12 feet (≈ 122- 366cm) impersonal business such as job interview, business meetings, classroom… is conducted no physical contact, raise voice at times, vision in focus
Social distance
Public distance
anything more than 12 feet to the hearable distance reserved for formal speech, lectures, public meeting … with no physical contact, one way communication, speech must be projected and amplified to be heard, vision in focus but far
Public distance
Public distance
Factors affecting personal spaces
Relationship:
Culture (high/low contact culture) Slide 31
Gender:
Communicating areas/ Settings
Age
during childhood
teenagers and over
Old age
Population density
men from the countryside
men from the city
Culture shock
Culture shock
TOUCH (Tactile communication/ haptics)
We employ touching behaviours for a variety of reasons. E.g. We kiss babies, hold hands with loved ones, hug family members to show love. We shake hands to be sociable and polite. We pat a person on the back for encouragement.
Richard Heslin: 5 different categories of touch behaviour.
Functionalprofessional touch
Social-polite touch
Friendship-warmth touch
Love-intimacy touch
Sexual- arouse touch
Touch
Handshaking
The all-American
Palm: open, upright A fully engages B’s hand 2-3 pumps
The all-American
The lingering handshake
For a long time Many pumps The end of the handshake pauses/lingers
The push-off A pushes B’s hand away.
The pull-in A holds on to B’s hand to pull B closer to A
The pull-in
The palm-down thrust A’s palm faces down in relation to B’s.
The palm-down thrust
The palm-up thrust A’s palm faces up in relation to B’s.
The finger squeeze A extends his hand quickly catches B’s fingers and squeezes them.
The twister A grabs B’s hand normally twists it clockwise/ counterclockwise.
The dead fish •Hand: slack •Fingers: free + lightly curved.
The dead fish
The shake and cover A’s right hand: holds B’s palm A’s left hand: covers the handshake
The glove handshake A’s right hand: holds B’s palm A’s left hand: holds the back of B’s hand.
The glove handshake
The palm pinch A offers only 2/3/4 fingers holds B’s hand lightly without/with only 1-2pumps.
The palm pinch
The bone crusher
A holds B’s hand + tightens it strongly 1-2 tim
The finger tip grab A grabs B’s fingers instead of the whole palm.
The shake and support A’s right hand: hold B’s palm A’s left hand: holds his forearm/elbow
The shake and support
The shake and grip A’s right hand: holds B’s palm A’s left hand: grip B’s wrist/forearm/ elbow/ shoulder/ neck
The shake and pat A’s right hand: holds B’s palm several times. A’s left hand: pats on B’s shoulder
