Leroy Jenkins

Vocab List #1 English II Honors

1. Themes: Linking devices that hold a text together structurally, e.g. the battle between good and evil: the general idea or insight about life a writer wishes to express. All of the elements of literary terms contribute to theme. A simple theme can often be stated in a single sentence. 2. Repetition of certain words: Why, with all the words at his or her disposal, does a writer choose to repeat particular words? 3. Imagery: language that evokes one or all of the five senses: seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, touching. 4. Metaphor and symbolism: non-literal, imaginative substitutions in which, for instance, a tree becomes a metaphor for family, or springtime symbolizes rebirth. 5. Plot development: Linear or fragmented, chronological or driven by a theme or some other unifying device. 6. Introduction and conclusion: Framing strategies. 7. Narrator: Usually first or third person. Is the narrator the same as the author? 8. Style, tone, and voice: Gut reactions are useful here. Examine your own responses. What is it that makes you respond as you do? Are you the author’s intended audience? If not, who is? The attitude a writer takes towards a subject or character: serious, humorous, sarcastic, ironic, satirical, tongue-in-cheek, solemn, objective. 9. Analogy: The comparison of two pairs that have the same relationship. The key is to ascertain the relationship between the first so you can choose the correct second pair. Part to whole, opposites, results of are types of relationships you should find. Example: Hot is to cold as fire is to ice OR hot:cold::fire:ice 10. Flashback: Action that interrupts to show an event that happened at an earlier time, which is necessary to better understanding. 11. Foreshadowing: The use of hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in literature. 12. Hyperbole: Exaggeration or overstatement. Example: I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.

He’s as big as a house. 13. Personification: giving human qualities to animals or objects. Example: A smiling moon, a jovial sun 14. Allusion: A reference to something real or fictional, to someone, some event, or something in the Bible, history, literature, or any phase of culture. Example: the author alludes to Helen of Troy when discussing woman who brings about ruin. 15. Irony: An expression, often humorous or sarcastic, that exposes perversity or absurdity. For example, the fact that only teams from the U.S. and Canada play in the World Series is ironic. 16. Oxymoron: A contradiction in terms, such as faithless devotion, or searing cold. 17. Paradox: Reveals a kind of truth which at first seems contradictory. Example: Red win is paradoxically good and bad for us. 18. Symbolism: is using an object or action that means something more than it literal meaning. *The practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significances to objects, events, or relationships. *A system of symbols or representations. *A symbolic meaning or representation. Example: The bird of night (owl is a symbol of death) 19. Parody: A humorous exaggerated imitation, or travesty. The character of Indiana Jones parodies the type of macho adventurer of the 1930s epitomized by Ernest Hemingway. He is a parody of that stereotype. 20. Sarcasm: a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound. A form of wit that is remarked by the use of sarcastic language and is intended to make its victim the butt of contempt or ridicule.

21. Satire: literary tone used to ridicule or make fun of human vice or weakness, often with the intent of correcting, or changing, the subject of the satiric attack. 22. Allegory: an allegory is an extended metaphor in the form of a narrative. The persons, objects, and setting represents abstractions, and the actions define the relationship between the actions. The most famous extended allegory in English prose is probably John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress; the most famous poetic allegory is Edmund Spenser’s Fairie Queen. Flannery O’Connor’s “Good Man Is Hard to Find” is a thinly disguised allegory. 23. Authorial Intrusion: Discussions directed to the reader and constituting a substantial break in the narrative illusion of reality are termed authorial intrusions. While ordinary descriptions are not authorial intrusions, substantial essays addressed to the reader are. 24. Central Consciousness: (also centre of consciousness, central intelligence, holder of point of view) The central consciousness belongs to the character who most obviously shapes and limits the narrative voice of a text. Situations and events are largely perceived as though through this character’s eyes, although the narrator may at times represent an independent point of view. Cory Johnson is clearly the central consciousness of R.V. Cassill’s “The Father,” although the narrator rises above Cory at times. 25. Effaced Narrator: Third-person narrators can be almost invisible. When the narrator uses only language and sentiments appropriate to the character acting as the current centre of consciousness, the narrator is said to be effaced. 26. Epiphany: An epiphany is literally a “showing-forth”; the Christian festival commemorates the visit of the Magi who found the infant Jesus in a manger. Joyce uses the term to describe the sudden, intuitive flash of recognition by which a commonplace object’s “soul, its whatness, leaps to us from the vestment of its appearance.” 27. Foreshadowing: The technique of hinting at the nature of coming action is foreshadowing. Poe’s “Fall of the House of Usher” is filler with foreshadowing; a major elemnt in the design of the novel is the diminishing gap between foreshadowing and event. Near the end of the story, the evnts of the Mad Trist the narrator is reading so closely foreshadow “real” events that they happen almost as they are narrated. 28. Hypotaxis: Hypotaxis is the opposite of parataxis. Thus, a hypotactic style is one marked by sophisticated subordination of ideas within sentences. 29. In Medias Res: In medias res means literally “in the middle of things.” Homeric epics begin in medias res; a shift to an earlier period of time normally follows such an introduction. 30. Limited Point of View: The perceptual range of a narrative is often limited in some way, most often by adopting the limitations of the character providing the central consciousness. Mansfield suggests a more sophisticated point of view than Bertha

Young’s in “Bliss,” but she deliberately limits the narrative to Bertha’s range of insight; thus, the reader sees how little Bertha understands, but is offered no greater understanding. 31. Motif: In literature, any element which recurs—incidents, phrases, descriptions, image cluster. It is a structural principle which cuts across the admittedly division of content and style. 32. Narrative Approach: the way a writer chooses to tell the story (the narrative approach) establishes the tone and character of a narrative. The basic choice is whether to tell the story from without (the third person omniscient point of view exemplified by Mansfield’s “Bliss,” O’Connor’s “A Good Man,” and Cassill’s “The Father”) or within (the first person point of view exemplified by O’Connor’s “My Oedipus Complex,” Tan’s “Rules of the Game,” and Joyce’s “Araby0. Authors may make deliberate and substantial distinctions between the moral outlook of a narrator or central consciousness and the moral standards of a story. Subtle matters distinguish the narrative approach even of writers sharing the same point of view. Frank O’Connor, for example, allows his childnarrator to work with a rather formal adult vocabulary. Faulkner’s “Barn Burning” displays a narrative approach too complex to be described by any standard point of view. Point of attack is also considered in discussions of narrative approach. The best explanation of the term is that it concerns the relationship the author creates between the voice that tells the story and the characters in the story. 33. Point of Attack: Point of attack is originally a dramatic concept; it designates the stage of the plot at which a work begins. In composing “Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,” for example, Bierce chose a late point of attack: Farquhar is actually being hanged as the story opens. Subsequently, a flashback explains how Farquhar was duped into making his van assault on the bridge (this story, of course, is a trick: in relation to the real action of the story, the point of attack coincides with the beginning). 34. Point of View: The term describes the way the reader is presented with the story— whether through the voice of an observer or participant who refers to him- or herself (first person) or through a more impersonal voice which describes the action from without (third person). Third person omniscient describes a narrative point of view that is allknowing and provides the reader with “privileged” information about the story. More commonly, the third person narrator is deliberately limited in some way. 35. Realism: Realism signifies a specific historical movement in literature and a mode of literary representation without regard to period. In the former sense, the term refers to the nineteenth-century movement represented by Balzac in the France, George Eliot in England, and William Dean Howells in America. These writers (and their many followers, rivals, and imitators) opposed themselves to romanticism, insisting that a writer must present an accurate imitation of life. The techniques of realism are not, however, natural, but are themselves conventional approaches to representing the world. In general, the realist deliberately pursues commonplace object in preference to the bizarre, even though the real world includes the bizarre. Also, details are often accumulated “unrealistically.” Realist narrative often includes excessively descriptive descriptions. On entering a room, a real person rarely notices anything special about the surroundings, unless he or she is very bored indeed. A realist narrative will use the

accumulation of detail to induce the reality effect, the appearance that the fictional object has the same objective depth as a real object. Hemingway commented on another basis of selection when he mentioned seizing on “the unnoticed things that made emotions” (Norton 1672). 36. Tone: The concept of “tone” is based upon the assumption that a literary work can be regarded as representing some of the special qualities of a mode of speech. It is considered to be the author’s way of revealing an attitude toward some subject—but not necessarily the attitude of the author. An author may adopt a persona which is at variance with his own character—the tone of such a persona will be chosen by the author, but will not be that of the author.

Aristotelian Appeals 37. Logos Appeals to the head using logic, numbers, explanations, and facts. Through Logos, a writer aims at a person’s intellect. The idea is that if you are logical, you will understand. 38. Ethos Appeals to the conscience, ethics, morals, standards, values, principles. 39. Pathos Appeals to the heart, emotions, sympathy, passions, sentimentality.

Effective Rhetorical Strategies • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • •

Tone (the voice of the author) Repetition Analogy (complex) Comparison Association Narration, narrative (experiences, stories) Facts Appeal to authority Analysis of language Parallelism Allusion Examples Rhetorical Current situation Appeal of popular opinion Unifying the audience Showing a gap (useful way to start a essay) Challenging the reader to challenge an assumption Counter argument (a way is not insulting to the reader Qualifying the argument

Vocabulary List # 2 Eng. II, H Twenty-three Four letter Words You Can Use in Class 1. Arid- adj. Very dry, lacking moisture 2. Balk- v. to stop short and refuse to proceed 3. Bard- n. a composer or singer in epic verse 4. Bask- v. to lie in or expose oneself to pleasant warmth 5. Bilk- v. to cheat out of something valuable 6. Boor- n. A person known for rude or insincere behavior, someone who lacks refinement 7. Dolt- n. a person known for stupidity 8. Dupe- v. to trick or deceive by underhanded means 9. Flag- v. to loose energy or enthusiasm 10. Foil- n. someone or something that serves as a contrast to another 11. Gait- n. a manner of walking 12. Hail- v. to praise, acclaim; to call out to 13. Lull- n. temporary period of calm 14. Mute- v. to muffle the sound, to tone down 15. Plod- v. to walk slowly or tediously 16. Quip- n. a clever, witty remark 17. Rend- v to tear apart or split, as to red a fabric 18. Ruse- n. a wily or clever trick, stratagem 19. Smug- adj. very self-satisfied 20. Stem- v. to restrain, check 21. Tiff- n. a petty quarrel 22. Vain- adj. marked by futility, as a vain effort 23. Wary- adj. cautious, careful

Twenty-two Words Off the Beaten Path 1. Apathy- n. having no feelings, indifferent 2. Banter- v. to speak in a witty or teasing manner 3. Chaff- n. the seed coverings and other debris separated from the seed in threshing grain 4. Conspicuous- adj. easy to see 5. Cur- n. a mongrel or inferior dog 6. Dingy- adj. very shabby; dirtcolored 7. Dirge- n. a song or hymn of grief, lamentation 8. Drivel- v. to talk stupidly in an infantile way, to lack sense 9. Drone- v. to talk in a persistently dull or monotone way 10. Extravagantadj. excessive, unrestrained 11. Inane- adj. lacking sense or meaning, vacuous 12. Prattle- n. chatter, babble 13. Quibble- n. a minor objection or criticism 14. Salvo- n. a spirited attack, often verbal 15. Scamp- n. an impish or playful young person 16. Scamper- v. to move in a nimble, playful manner 17. Self-deprecating- v. thinking or speaking poorly of oneself 18. Snivel- v. to speak in a whining, tearful, emotional manner 19. Superficial- adj. just above the surface, shallow, lacking in depth 20. Vapid- adj. flat, dull, lacking taste 21. Wheedle- v. to influence or persuade by flattery 22. Whelp- n. a young dog

Vocabulary List #3 Eng. II, H 1. Abash (v.)- to make ashamed; to embarrass 2. Banal (adj.)- unoriginal; ordinary 3. Cacophony (n.)- harsh sound mixture or words, voices, or distractions or sounds 4. Daunt (v.)- to make fearful; to intimidate 5. Eccentric (adj.)- not conventional; a little kooky; irregular 6. Fabrication (n.)- a lie; something made up 7. Garrulous (adj.)- talkative; chatty 8. Hedonism (n.)- the pursuit of pleasure as a way of life 9. Abate (v.)- to subside; to reduce 10. Beget (v.)- to give birth to; to create; to lead to; to cause 11. Cadence (n.)- rhythm; the rise and the fall of sounds 12. Dearth (n.)- lack; scarcity 13. Eclectic (adj.)- choosing the best from many sources; drawn from many sources 14. Facetious (adj.)- humorous; not serious; clumsily humorous 15. Genre (n.)- a type or category, especially of art or writing 16. Hapless (adj.)- unlucky 17. Abdicate (v.)- to step down from a position of power or responsibility 18. Belabor (v.)- to go over repeatedly or to an absurd extent 19. Cajole (v.)- to persuade someone to do something he or she does not want to do 20. Debacle (n.)- violent breakdown; sudden overthrow; overwhelming defeat 21. Edify (v.)- to enlighten; to instruct, especially in moral or religious manner 22. Facile (adj.)- skillful in a superficial way; easy 23. Genteel (adj.)- refined; polite; aristocratic; affecting refinement 24. Harbinger (n.)- a forerunner; a signal of 25. Abhor (v.)- to hate very, very much; to detest 26. Belittle (v.)- to make to seem little; to put someone down 27. Candor (n.)- truthfulness; sincere honesty 28. Debauchery (n.)- wild living; excessive intemperance 29. Elicit (v.)- to bring out; to call forth 30. Faction (n.)- a group, usually a small part of a larger group, united around some cause 31. Gesticulate (v.)- to make gestures, especially when speaking or in place of speaking 32. Heresy (n.)- any belief that is strongly opposed to established belief 33. Abject (adj.)- hopeless; extremely sad; defeated 34. Belligerent (adj.)- combative; quarrelsome; waging war 35. Capricious (adj.)- unpredictable; likely to change at any moment 36. Debilitate (v.)- to weaken; to cripple 37. Effusion (n.)- a pouring forth 38. Fastidious (adj.)- meticulous; demanding; finicky 39. Grandiose (adj.)- absurdly exaggerated 40. Hiatus (n.)- a break or interruption, often from work 41. Absolve (v.)- to forgive or free from blame; to be free from sin; to be free from an obligation 42. Bemused (adj.)- confused; bewildered 43. Callow (adj.)- immature 44. Decimate (v.)- to kill or destroy a large part of 45. Egocentric (adj.)- selfish; believing that one is the center of everything 46. Fatuous (adj.)- foolish; silly; idiotic 47. Gratuitous (adj.)- given freely; unjustified; unprovoked; uncalled for 48. Hierarchy (n.)- an organization based on rank or degree; ordered by class or rank, etc.

Vocabulary list #4 Eng. II, H 1. Abstinent (adj.)- voluntarily not doing something, especially something pleasant 2. Broach (v.)- to open up a subject for discussion, often a delicate subject 3. Catalyst (n.)- anyone or anything that makes something happen without being directly involved in it 4. Emulate (v.)- to strive to be equal or excel, usually through imitation 5. Felicity (n.)- happiness; skillfulness, especially at expressing things; adeptness 6. Fervor (n.)- great warmth or earnestness; ardor 7. Immutable (adj.)- unchangeable 8. Judicious (adj.)- exercising sound judgment 9. Laconic (adj.)- using few words, especially to the point of seeming rude 10. Malleable (adj.)- easy to shape or bend 11. Nebulous (adj.)- vague; hazy; indistinct 12. Notorious (adj.)- famous for something bad 13. Abstract (adj.)- theoretical; impersonal 14. Brevity (n.)- briefness 15. Categorical (adj.)- unconditional; absolute 16. Deference (n.)- submission to another’s will; respect; courtesy 17. Empirical (adj.)- relying on experience or observation; not merely theoretical 18. Fetter (v.)- to restrain; to hamper 19. Hypothetical (adj.)- uncertain; unproven 20. Ideology (n.)- a system of social or political ideas 21. Juxtapose (v.)- place side by side 22. Kinetic (adj.)- having to do with motion; lively; active 23. Labyrinth (n.)- a maze; something like a maze 24. Lament (v.)- to mourn 25. Paltry (adj.)- insignificant; worthless 26. Abstruse (adj.)- hard to understand 27. Blatant (adj.)- unpleasantly or offensively noisy; glaring 28. Catharsis (n.)- purification that brings emotional relief or renewal 29. Definitive (adj.)- conclusive; providing the last word 30. Eminent (adj.)- well-known and respected; standing out from all the others in quality or accomplishment 31. Fidelity (n.)- faithfulness; loyalty 32. Figurative (adj.)- expressing something in terms usually used for something else; metaphorical 33. Homogeneous (adj.)- uniform; made entirely of one thing 34. Idiosyncrasy (n.)- peculiarity; an eccentricity 35. Languish (v.)- to become weak; listless, or depressed 36. Malinger (v.)- to pretend to be sick to avoid doing work 37. Nepotism (n.)- showing favoritism to friends or family in business or politics 38. Nihilism (n.)- the belief that there are no values or morals in the universe

Vocabulary List #5 Eng. II, H 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53.

Accolade (n.)- an award; an honor Blasphemy (n.)- irreverence; an insult to something held sacred; profanity Catholic (adj.)- universal; embracing everything (small “c”) Degenerate (v.)- to break down; to deteriorate Emigrate (v.)- to move to a new country; to move to a new place to live; to expatriate Finesse (n.)- skillful maneuvering; subtlety; craftiness Guile (n.)- cunning; duplicity Idyllic (adj.)- charming in a rustic way; naturally peaceful Latent (adj.)- present but not visible or apparent; potential Malaise (n.)- a feeling of depression, uneasiness or queasiness Bereaved (adj.)- deprived or left desolate, especially through death Nominal (adj.)- in name only; insignificant Accost (v.)- to approach and speak to someone (usually a negative connotation is subscribed) Benign (adj.)- gentle; not harmful; mild Censure (v.)- to condemn severely for doing something bad Defame (v.)- to libel or slander Delineate (v.)- to describe accurately; to draw in outline Elusive (adj.)- hard to pin down; evasive Flagrant (adj.)- glaringly bad; notorious; scandalous Gregarious (adj.)- sociable; enjoying the company of others Ignominy (n.)- deep disgrace Lethargy (n.)- sluggishness; laziness; drowsiness; indifference Magnanimous (adj.)- forgiving; not resentful; noble in spirit; generous Nostalgia (n.)- sentimental longing for the past Paradox (n.)- a true statement or phenomenon that nonetheless seems to contradict itself; an untrue statement or phenomenon that nonetheless seems logical Acquiesce (v.)- to comply passively; so accept; to assent; to agree Benevolent (adj.)- generous; kind; doing good deeds Chagrin (n.)- humiliation; embarrassed disappointment Deduce (v.)- to conclude from evidence; to infer Flaunt (v.)- to show off; to display ostentatiously Fatalist (n.)- someone who believes that future events are already determined and that humans are powerless to change them Gravity (n.)- seriousness Illicit (adj.)- illegal; not permitted Imminent (adj.)- just about to happen Levity (n.)- lightness; frivolity; lacking seriousness Machination (n.)- scheming activity for an evil purpose novel (adj.)- new; original Noxious (adj.)- harmful; offensive Obtuse (adj.)- insensitive; blockheaded Abysmal (adj.)- extremely hopeless or wretched; bottomless Obsequious (adj.)- fawning; subservient; sucking up to Officious (adj.)- annoyingly eager to help or advise Blight (n.)- anything that injures or destroys Charisma (n.)- a magical- seeming ability to attract followers or inspire loyalty Charlatan (n.)- fraud; quack; con man Deleterious (adj.)- harmful Encroach (v.)- to make gradual or stealthy inroads into; to trespass Engender (v.)- to bring into existence; to create; to cause Flout (v.)- to disregard something out of disrespect Impeccable (adj.)- flawless; entirely without sin Lugubrious (adj.)- exaggeratedly mournful Luminous (adj.)- giving off light; glowing; bright Mandate (n.)- a command or authorization to do something; the will of voters as expressed by the results of an

Vocabulary List #6 Eng. II, H 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48.

Acrid (adj.)- harsh; like acid Capitulate (v.)- to surrender; to give up or give in Delude (v.)- to deceive Deluge (v.)- a flood; an inundation Enfranchise (v.)- to grant the privileges of citizenship, especially the right to vote Disenfranchise (v.)- to take away the rights of citizenship, especially the right to vote Foible (n.)- a minor character flaw Foment (v.)- to stir up; to instigate Heyday (n.)- golden age; prime Iconoclast (n.)- one who attacks the popular beliefs or institutions Impartial (adj.)- fair; not favoring one side or the other; unbiased Manifest (adj.)- visible; evident Manifesto (n.)- a public declaration of beliefs and principles, usually political ones Acrimonious (adj.)- full of spite; bitter; nasty Burgeon (v.)- to expand; to flourish Burlesque (n.)- ludicrous; mocking, or exaggerated imitation Demagogue (n.)- a leader of the people, but more a rabble rouser Enervate (v.)- to reduce the strength or energy of, especially to do so gradually Enigma (n.)- a mystery Forbear (v.)- to refrain from; to abstain Gregarious (adj.)- sociable; enjoying the company of others Hermetic (adj.)- impervious to external influence; airtight Impervious (adj.)- not allowing anything to pass through; impenetrable Marshal (v.)- to arrange in order; to gather together for the purpose of doing something Martial (adj.)- having to do with combat Obscure (adj.)- unknown; hard to understand; dark Panacea (n.)- something that cures everything Quixotic (adj.)- romantic or idealistic to a foolish or impractical degree Admonish (v.) – to caution or advise against something; to scold mildly; to remind of a duty Breach (n.) an opening, gap; a violation or infraction; (v.) to create an opening, break through Brigand (n) – a bandit Circumspect (adj.) – careful, cautious Commandeer (v.) – seize for military of official use Cumbersome (adj.) clumsy, hard to handle Deadlock (n.) a complete standstill; (v.) to bring to a standstill Debris (n.) – scattered fragments, wreckage Diffuse (v.) – to spread or scatter freely or widely; (adj.) wordy, long-winded, or unfocused Boorish (adj.) – rude, unrefined; clumsy Efface (v.) - to wipe out; to keep oneself from being noticed Harangue (v.) – to deliver a loud, ranting speech; (n.) a loud speech Dubious (adj.) – causing uncertainty or suspicion; in a doubtful or uncertain state of mind, hesitant Perennial (adj.) – lasting for a long time, persistent; (n.) a plant that lives for many years Predisposed (v.) – to incline to beforehand Relinquish (v.) – to let go, give up Knave (n.) – a tricky, deceitful, or unprincipled fellow Subterfuge (n.) an excuse or trick for escaping or hiding something Spurious (adj.) not genuine, not true, not valid Unbridled (adj.) uncontrolled, lacking in restraint

Vocabulary List #7 Eng. II, H 1. Altercation (n.) an angry argument 2. Condone (v.) to pardon or overlook 3. Dissent (v.) to disagree; (n.) disagreement 4. Eminent (adj.) famous, outstanding, distinguished 5. Fabricate (v.) to make, manufacture; to make up, invent 6. Irate (adj.) extremely angry 7. Marauder (n.) a raider, plunderer 8. Pilfer (v.) to steal in small quantities 9. Rift (n.) a split, break, breach 10. Semblance (n.) a likeness; an outward appearance 11. Surmount (v.) to overcome, rise above 12. Trite (adj.) commonplace; overused, stale 13. Usurp (v.) to seize and hold a position by force or without right 14. Precipitous (adj.) very steep 15. Profuse (adj.) very abundant; given or flowing freely 16. Shackle (v.) to put into chains; (n.) a chain, fetter 17. Threadbare (adj.) shabby, old and worn 18. Embroil (v.) to involve in a conflict or difficulty; to throw into confusion 19. Debacle (n.) an overwhelming defeat, rout; a complete collapse or failure 20. Abscond (v.) to run off and hide 21. Arduous (adj.) hard to do, requiring much effort 22. Auspicious (adj.) favorable; fortunate 23. Daunt (v.) to overcome with fear, intimidate; to dishearten or discourage 24. Hoodwink (v.) to mislead by a trick, deceive 25. Intrepid (adj.) very brave, fearless, unshakable 26. Larceny (n.) theft 27. Pliant (adj.) bending readily, easily influenced 28. Rectify (v.) to make right, correct 29. Reprieve (n.) a temporary relief or delay; (v.) to grant a postponement 30. Revile (v.) to attack with words, call bad names 31. Ad infinitum (adv.) endlessly 32. Congenial (adj.) getting on well with others; agreeable, pleasant 33. Sordid (adj.) wretchedly poor; run-down; mean or selfish 34. Untenable (adj.) not capable of being held or defended; impossible to maintain 35. Wane (v.) to lose size, strength or power 36. Blanch (v.) to remove the color from; to make or turn pale 37. Illustrious (adj.) very famous, distinguished 38. Laborious (adj.) not easy, requiring hard work 39. Lithe (adj.) bending easily, limber 40. Wily (adj.) sly, shrewd

Vocabulary List #8 Eng. II, H 1. annihilate (v.) to destroy completely 2. arbitrary (adj.) unreasonable; based on one’s own wishes w/o regards to fairness 3. brazen (adj.) made of brass; shameless, impudent 4. catalyst (n.) any agent that causes change 5. incorrigible (adj.) not able to be corrected, beyond control 6. latent (adj.) hidden, present but not realized 7. militant (adj.) given to fighting; active and aggressive in support of a cause 8. morose (adj.) having a gloomy or sullen manner; not sociable or friendly 9. opaque (adj.) not letting light through; not clear or lucid; dense or stupid 10. prattle (adj.) to talk in an aimless, foolish, or simple way 11. slapdash (adj. ) careless and hasty 12. succumb (v.) to give way to superior force, yield 13. temperate (adj.) mild, moderate 14. brevity (n.) shortness 15. comport (v.) to conduct or bear oneself, behave; to be in agreement 16. rivulet (n.) a small stream 17. demure (adj.) sober or serious in manner, modest 18. divulge (v.) to tell, reveal; to make public 19. forestall (v.) to prevent by acting first 20. squander (v.) to spend foolishly, waste 21. atone (v.) atone to make up for 22. defray (v.) to pay for 23. doleful (adj.) sad, dreary 24. ghastly (adj.) frightful, horrible; deathly pale 25. hamper (v.) to hold back 26. hew (v.) to shape or cut down with an axe 27. incessant (adj.) never stopping, going on all the time 28. lucid (adj.) easy to understand, clear; rational, sane 29. posthumous (adj.) occurring or published after death 30. prim (adj.) overly neat, precise, proper or formal; prudish 31. sardonic (adj.) grimly or scornfully mocking, bitterly sarcastic 32. superfluous (adj.) exceeding what is sufficient or required, excess 33. supplant (v.) to take the place of, supersede 34. tenacious (adj.) holding fast; holding together firmly; persistent 35. mire (n.) mud; wet, swampy ground 36. adept (adj.) thoroughly skilled; (n.) an expert 37. chide (v.) to blame, scold 38. diminutive (adj.) small, smaller than most others of the same type 39. erroneous (adj.) incorrect, containing mistakes 40. languid (adj.) drooping; without energy, sluggish

Vocabulary List #9 Eng. II, H 1. advent (n.) an arrival; a coming into place or view 2. apex ( (n.) the highest point, tip 3. assimilate (v.) to absorb fully or make one’s own; to adapt fully 4. exorbitant (adj.) unreasonably high; excessive 5. interim (n.) the time in between (adj.) temporary 6. inundate (v.) to flood, overflow 7. malign (v.) to speak evil of, slander 8. meander (v.) to wander about 9. metropolis (n.) a large city; the chief city of an area 10. laconic (adj.) Using or marked by the use of few words; terse or concise 11. obstreperous (adj.) noisy; unruly, disorderly 12. pensive (adj.) thoughtful; (as in a person who is full of thought) 13. nape (n.) the base of the neck 14. shoddy (adj.) of poor quality; characterized by inferior 15. sprightly (adj.) lively, full of life 16. surly (adj.) angry and bad-tempered; rude 17. tirade (n.) a long, angry speech, usually very critical 18. vagrant (n.) an idle wanderer, tramp 19. salacious (adj.) obscene, lascivious 20. sagacious (adj.) Having keen discernment, sound judgment, and farsightedness 21. dross (n.) waste products 22. dwindle (v.) to lessen, diminish 23. flippant (adj.) lacking in seriousness; disrespectful, saucy 24. impunity (n.) without punishment or penalty 25. preposterous (adj.) ridiculous, senseless 26. pugnacious (adj.) quarrelsome, fond of fighting 27. rabid (adj.) furious, violently intense, infected with rabies 28. remunerate (v.) to reward, pay, reimburse 29. auxiliary (adj.) giving assistance of support; (n.) a helper, aid 30. drudgery (n.) work that is hard and tiresome 31. envoy (n.) a representative or messenger 32. feign (v.) to pretend 33. heterogeneous (adj.) composed of different kinds, diverse 34. incredulous (adj.) disbelieving, skeptical 35. monologue (n.) a speech by one actor; a long talk by one person 36. prognosis (n.)forecast of the probable course and outcome of a disease or situation 37. repugnant (adj.) offensive, disagreeable, distasteful 38. truculent (adj.) disposed to fight 39. misanthropic (adj.) characterized by a hatred or mistrustful scorn for humankind 40. languid (adj.) lacking energy or vitality; weak