Lect 1
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7/5/2009
Challenges to Classroom Management Classrooms are multi dimensional Classes are particular kind of environment. Distinctive features no matter how students or the
Lecture 1
Challenges to Classroom Management Events occur simultaneously Everything happens at once and the pace is fast. Teachers have literally hundreds of exchanges with students during a single day.`
physical environment is organized or teacher’s belief in education. Crowded with people, tasks and time pressures. Many individual all with differing goals, preferences, and abilities must share resources, accomplish various tasks, use and reuse materials without losing them, move in and out of the room, and so on.
Challenges to Classroom Management Events are unpredictable
Even when plans are carefully made, the overhead
projector is in place, the demonstration is ready, the lesson can still be interrupted by a burned-out bulb in the projector or a loud, angry discussion right outside the classroom. Classroom are public the way the teacher handles these unexpected intrusions is seen and judged by all. Students are always noticing if the teacher is “fair”. Is there favoritism? What happens when a rule is broken?
Challenges to Classroom Management
Gaining students Cooperation
Classroom have histories The meaning of a particular teacher’s or student’s actions depend in part on what has happened before. The fifteenth time a student arrives late requires a different response from the teacher than the first late arrival.
Gaining students cooperation means much more
than dealing effectively with misbehavior.
It means planning activities, having materials
ready, making appropriate behavioral and academic demands on students, giving clear signals, accomplishing transitions smoothly, foreseeing problems and stopping them before they start, selecting and sequencing activities so that flow and interest are maintained and much more. Different activities require different managerial skills.
1
7/5/2009
What Would You Say? You are interviewing for a job in Majeedhiya School.
The assistance principal looks at you for a moment and then asks, “What is classroom management?” How would you answer?
Definitions cont… How the teacher organizes the class to maximize student’s self esteem and learning.” Rogers (1996)
Aim of Classroom Management It is to maintain a positive, productive learning
environment. Classroom Management is the techniques used to
maintain a healthy learning environment, relatively free of behavior problems.
Definitions of Classroom management Doyle (1979) describes classroom management as “any actions or approaches taken for effective learning – steps and procedures in an environment that are necessary for learning and teaching to take place.”
Definitions cont… “Everything that teachers do to establish and maintain an environment in which effective learning takes place.” McInerney & McInerney (1994)
The Goals of Classroom Management The first goal of classroom management: To expand the sheer number of minutes available for learning which is sometimes called allocated time. To spent actively involved in specific learning tasks often called engaged time or, sometimes time on task. The time when students are actually succeeding at the learning task which is called academic learning time.
2
7/5/2009
Where Does the Time Go?
The Goals of Classroom Management A second goal of class management is to increase
academic learning time by keeping students actively engaged in worthwhile, appropriate learning activities.
Academic Learning Time Engaged Time Actual Academic Time Attended Time Total Time 0
200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Hours
The Goals of Classroom Management
Goals of good classroom management?
The third goal of any management system is to
To make ample time for learning
help students become better able to manage themselves. The movement from demanding obedience to teaching self-regulation and self control is a fundamental shift in classroom management today. Self management: Management of your own behavior and acceptance of responsibility for own actions.
Improve the quality of time use by keeping students
actively engaged Make sure participation structures are clear,
straightforward, and consistently signaled Encourage student self management, self control and
responsibility.
Effective managers. Creating a Positive Learning Environment Distinguish between rules and procedures Rules are the specific dos and don’ts of classroom life.
(written or posted)
Cover administrative tasks, students movement,
housekeeping, routines for running lesson, interactions between students and teachers and interaction among students. Rules can be written in terms of rights and students may benefit from participating in establishing these rules. Consequences should be established for following and breaking the rules and procedures so that the teacher and the students know what will happen.
teaching a workable, easily understood set of rules
and procedures by using lots of explanation, examples and practice. Students are occupied with organized, enjoyable activities and learn to function cooperatively in group. Quick, firm, clear and consistent responses are planned Plan carefully to avoid any last minute tasks that might have taken them away from their students. Deal with children’s pressing concern first.
3
7/5/2009
Maintaining a Good Environment for Learning How can Teachers encourage engagement? As teachers supervision increases, student's engaged time also increases. When the task provides continuous cues for the student about what to do next, involvement will be greater. Activities with clear steps are likely to be more absorbing , because one step leads naturally to the next. Making needed materials, and monitoring activities all add to engagement.
Factors identified by Kounin that prevent management problems in the classroom To create a positive environment and prevent
problems, teachers must take individual differences into account, maintain student motivation, reinforce positive behavior.
Factors identified by Kounin that prevent management problems in the classroom
Seven levels of intervention in misbehavior
Successful problem preventers are skilled in four areas
1.
described by Kounin: “withitness”, overlapping, group focusing, movement management When penalties have to be imposed, teachers should
impose them calmly and privately.
Make eye contact with the student or move closer to, the offender. 2. Try verbal hints such as “name dropping” simply inserting the student's name into the lecture. 3. Next the teacher asks if the offender is aware of the negative effects of the actions, 4. Reminds the student of the procedure and has her or him follow it correctly
Seven levels of intervention in misbehavior 5.If this does not work, the teacher can ask the students to state the correct rule or procedure and then to follow it. 6. Tell the student in a clear, assertive, and un hostile way to stop the misbehavior. 7. If this fail too, the teacher can offer a choice- stop the behavior or meet privately to work out the consequences.
4
Challenges to Classroom Management Classrooms are multi dimensional Classes are particular kind of environment. Distinctive features no matter how students or the
Lecture 1
Challenges to Classroom Management Events occur simultaneously Everything happens at once and the pace is fast. Teachers have literally hundreds of exchanges with students during a single day.`
physical environment is organized or teacher’s belief in education. Crowded with people, tasks and time pressures. Many individual all with differing goals, preferences, and abilities must share resources, accomplish various tasks, use and reuse materials without losing them, move in and out of the room, and so on.
Challenges to Classroom Management Events are unpredictable
Even when plans are carefully made, the overhead
projector is in place, the demonstration is ready, the lesson can still be interrupted by a burned-out bulb in the projector or a loud, angry discussion right outside the classroom. Classroom are public the way the teacher handles these unexpected intrusions is seen and judged by all. Students are always noticing if the teacher is “fair”. Is there favoritism? What happens when a rule is broken?
Challenges to Classroom Management
Gaining students Cooperation
Classroom have histories The meaning of a particular teacher’s or student’s actions depend in part on what has happened before. The fifteenth time a student arrives late requires a different response from the teacher than the first late arrival.
Gaining students cooperation means much more
than dealing effectively with misbehavior.
It means planning activities, having materials
ready, making appropriate behavioral and academic demands on students, giving clear signals, accomplishing transitions smoothly, foreseeing problems and stopping them before they start, selecting and sequencing activities so that flow and interest are maintained and much more. Different activities require different managerial skills.
1
7/5/2009
What Would You Say? You are interviewing for a job in Majeedhiya School.
The assistance principal looks at you for a moment and then asks, “What is classroom management?” How would you answer?
Definitions cont… How the teacher organizes the class to maximize student’s self esteem and learning.” Rogers (1996)
Aim of Classroom Management It is to maintain a positive, productive learning
environment. Classroom Management is the techniques used to
maintain a healthy learning environment, relatively free of behavior problems.
Definitions of Classroom management Doyle (1979) describes classroom management as “any actions or approaches taken for effective learning – steps and procedures in an environment that are necessary for learning and teaching to take place.”
Definitions cont… “Everything that teachers do to establish and maintain an environment in which effective learning takes place.” McInerney & McInerney (1994)
The Goals of Classroom Management The first goal of classroom management: To expand the sheer number of minutes available for learning which is sometimes called allocated time. To spent actively involved in specific learning tasks often called engaged time or, sometimes time on task. The time when students are actually succeeding at the learning task which is called academic learning time.
2
7/5/2009
Where Does the Time Go?
The Goals of Classroom Management A second goal of class management is to increase
academic learning time by keeping students actively engaged in worthwhile, appropriate learning activities.
Academic Learning Time Engaged Time Actual Academic Time Attended Time Total Time 0
200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Hours
The Goals of Classroom Management
Goals of good classroom management?
The third goal of any management system is to
To make ample time for learning
help students become better able to manage themselves. The movement from demanding obedience to teaching self-regulation and self control is a fundamental shift in classroom management today. Self management: Management of your own behavior and acceptance of responsibility for own actions.
Improve the quality of time use by keeping students
actively engaged Make sure participation structures are clear,
straightforward, and consistently signaled Encourage student self management, self control and
responsibility.
Effective managers. Creating a Positive Learning Environment Distinguish between rules and procedures Rules are the specific dos and don’ts of classroom life.
(written or posted)
Cover administrative tasks, students movement,
housekeeping, routines for running lesson, interactions between students and teachers and interaction among students. Rules can be written in terms of rights and students may benefit from participating in establishing these rules. Consequences should be established for following and breaking the rules and procedures so that the teacher and the students know what will happen.
teaching a workable, easily understood set of rules
and procedures by using lots of explanation, examples and practice. Students are occupied with organized, enjoyable activities and learn to function cooperatively in group. Quick, firm, clear and consistent responses are planned Plan carefully to avoid any last minute tasks that might have taken them away from their students. Deal with children’s pressing concern first.
3
7/5/2009
Maintaining a Good Environment for Learning How can Teachers encourage engagement? As teachers supervision increases, student's engaged time also increases. When the task provides continuous cues for the student about what to do next, involvement will be greater. Activities with clear steps are likely to be more absorbing , because one step leads naturally to the next. Making needed materials, and monitoring activities all add to engagement.
Factors identified by Kounin that prevent management problems in the classroom To create a positive environment and prevent
problems, teachers must take individual differences into account, maintain student motivation, reinforce positive behavior.
Factors identified by Kounin that prevent management problems in the classroom
Seven levels of intervention in misbehavior
Successful problem preventers are skilled in four areas
1.
described by Kounin: “withitness”, overlapping, group focusing, movement management When penalties have to be imposed, teachers should
impose them calmly and privately.
Make eye contact with the student or move closer to, the offender. 2. Try verbal hints such as “name dropping” simply inserting the student's name into the lecture. 3. Next the teacher asks if the offender is aware of the negative effects of the actions, 4. Reminds the student of the procedure and has her or him follow it correctly
Seven levels of intervention in misbehavior 5.If this does not work, the teacher can ask the students to state the correct rule or procedure and then to follow it. 6. Tell the student in a clear, assertive, and un hostile way to stop the misbehavior. 7. If this fail too, the teacher can offer a choice- stop the behavior or meet privately to work out the consequences.
4
