Learning –types, Processes & Styles: Class 6

Learning –Types, Processes & Styles Class 6

Learning Objectives: • Understand the various types and levels of learning. • Relationship between language and learning. • Have compared a range of classic and contemporary learning theories • Be able to distinguish the differences between rote learning and understanding.

Definition of Learning • Learning is generally defined as any relatively permanent change in the behavior, thoughts, and feelings of an individual - as a consequence of prior experience. • In what way does learning produce changes? Well, through our experiences, we learn new knowledge, attitudes, and skills. We also learn to understand new concepts, to solve problems in new ways, and even acquire new values. • All this will lead to some changes in our behavior, our thoughts, our feelings and our outlook as individuals.

Definition of Memory • Broadly speaking, for memory to work, we have to take information in, store it or represent it in some manner, and then retrieve it for some purpose later. • This involves the processes of perception encoding, storage and retrieval (sensing and interpreting). • Encoding refers to how information gets into memory. Storage refers to the retention of information over time and retrieval takes place when information is taken out of storage.

Memory… • Why do people sometimes give different versions of events and forget about things? Well, an important point about memory is that we don't just coldly store and retrieve pieces of information in a computer-like fashion. • Many scientists who study memory and how people reconstruct their own versions of the past recognize the subjective nature of memory. In other words, the mind can distort, invent, and forget, and emotions color memories. • Clearly, we don't store judgment-free memories of reality. Thus, critical to the memory process is our perception and how we interpret our experience.

Judgments

Emotions

Distortion

Invent

Forgetfulness

Types and Models of Learning • How does the learner feel and think about the subject, situation or outcome. The perception of a subject such as simple, complex, useless, boring will impact on the learning process.

Bloom’s Taxonomy

Category

Example and Key Words

Knowledge: Recall data or information.

Examples: Recite a policy. Quote prices from memory to a customer. Knows the safety rules. Key Words: defines, describes, identifies, knows, labels, lists, matches, names, outlines, recalls, recognizes, reproduces, selects, states.

Examples: Rewrites the principles of test writing. Explain in oneís own Comprehension: Understand the meaning, translation, interpolation, and words the steps for performing a complex task. Translates an interpretation of instructions and problems. State a problem in equation into a computer spreadsheet. one's own words. Key Words: comprehends, converts, defends, distinguishes, estimates, explains, extends, generalizes, gives Examples, infers, interprets, paraphrases, predicts, rewrites, summarizes, translates. Application: Use a concept in a new situation or unprompted use of an Examples: Use a manual to calculate an employeeís vacation time. abstraction. Applies what was learned in the classroom into novel Apply laws of statistics to evaluate the reliability of a written test. situations in the work place. Key Words: applies, changes, computes, constructs, demonstrates, discovers, manipulates, modifies, operates, predicts, prepares, produces, relates, shows, solves, uses. Analysis: Separates material or concepts into component parts so that its organizational structure may be understood. Distinguishes between facts and inferences.

Examples: Troubleshoot a piece of equipment by using logical deduction. Recognize logical fallacies in reasoning. Gathers information from a department and selects the required tasks for training. Key Words: analyzes, breaks down, compares, contrasts, diagrams, deconstructs, differentiates, discriminates, distinguishes, identifies, illustrates, infers, outlines, relates, selects, separates.

Synthesis: Builds a structure or pattern from diverse elements. Put parts Examples: Write a company operations or process manual. Design a together to form a whole, with emphasis on creating a new machine to perform a specific task. Integrates training from several meaning or structure. sources to solve a problem. Revises and process to improve the outcome. Key Words: categorizes, combines, compiles, composes, creates, devises, designs, explains, generates, modifies, organizes, plans, rearranges, reconstructs, relates, reorganizes, revises, rewrites, summarizes, tells, writes. Evaluation: Make judgments about the value of ideas or materials.

Examples: Select the most effective solution. Hire the most qualified candidate. Explain and justify a new budget. Key Words: appraises, compares, concludes, contrasts, criticizes, critiques, defends, describes, discriminates, evaluates, explains, interprets, justifies, relates, summarizes, supports.

Language • Without language mastery, we may be handicapped in our learning. • Autism and dyslexia – when certain parts of the brain does not function. • Gender differences – girls vocabulary and speech ability emerge earlier. • Language that is based more on precision - left brain. More graphic or symbolic – right brain

Unconscious Incompetence to Competence