Lamarckism
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>-jklgkII kl\BgklblmlZaZnbehkhnkdbbake_^\ZgbygZ;te]ZjkdZlZ ZdZ^_fbygZgZmdbl_e-mail: [email protected].
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14. G_jZ\ghf_jghkl gZ l_fih\_l_ gZ ij_h[jZam\Zg_ gZ hj]Zgbl_ b ijbagZpbl_ – hlghkbl_egZ g_aZ\bkbfhkl gZ l_fih\_l_ gZ ij_h[jZam\Zg_ gZ jZaebqgbl_kljmdlmjbgZhj]ZgbafZ < j_amelZl dZd k_ ij_h[jZam\Zl ihklmeZlbl_ gZ kbgl_lbqgZlZ _\hexpbhggZl_hjby
Ihimeyjghbaeh`_gb_– Vines, 1998. 5
\tagbd\Zl kj_^ g_^_eysb k_ de_ldb ke_^ dZlh e ijbeh`_g gZlbkd aZ hl[hj Babkd\Z k_ Z]_gl aZ k_e_dpby eZdlhaZ \ ^Z^_gby kemqZc G_ k_ ihy\y\Zl fmlZpbb kj_^ de_ldbl_ g_ih^eh`_gb gZ gZlbkd [14], True, Lindquis, 2000). F_oZgbafbl_ gZ Z^Zilb\gZ fmlZpby kZ hl h]jhfgZ ijZdlbq_kdZ \Z`ghkl ihjZ^b obihl_aZlZ q_ lZdZ \tagbd\Zl b k_ jZa\b\Zl ihg_ gydhb jZdh\b aZ[hey\Zgby Cairns, 1998).GD ^Z ijhba\_`^Zl [_eltpb ?dbitl gZ bake_^\Zg_lhihdZa\Zq_hg_ab^jh`^bdhblhkt^tj`ZlSup35 ijbhgb hdheh ijb^h[b\Zl gh\b Z^Zilb\gb q_jlb – j_abkl_glghkl dtf o_j[bpb^Z paraquat. :dhijbhgtlk_hlkljZgbhlde_ldbl_gZ^jh`^bl_j_abkl_glghkllZ baq_a\ZIhjZ^bijbktkl\b_lhgZijbhgZ]_ghftlgZ^jh`^bl__ij_\dexq_g ^Z dh^bjZ gh\b ijhl_bgb dhblh ijb^Z\Zl j_abkl_glghkl dtf o_j[bpb^Z Dh]Zlh l_ab de_ldb dhimebjZl k ^jm] sZf [_a j_abkl_glghkl dtf paraquat, qZkl hl ihlhfkl\hlh [tjah ijb^h[b\Z kihkh[ghkllZ aZ j_abkl_glghkl dtf o_j[bpb^Z ^hjb dh]Zlh g_ kt^tj`Zl ijbhgZ :\lhjbl_ kfylZl q_ ij_]jmibjZg_lh gZ ]_gbl_ dh_lh k_ kemq\Z ijb iheh\h \taijhba\h^kl\h iha\hey\Z gh\b ]_g_lbqgb dhf[bgZpbb ^Z nhjfbjZl j_abkl_glghkl ;_a ijbhgZ l_ab de_ldb gyfZ ^Z hp_e_yl aZ ^Z nhjfbjZl gh\bl_ ]_g_lbqgb dhf[bgZpbbLZdZeZfZjdbaftlb^Zj\bgbaftlk_hdZa\Zlh[_^bg_gb 9
Ihimeyjghbaeh`_gb_- Cohen, 2004. 6
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dtf g_]h\ZlZ kj_^Z l_ gZke_^y\Zg_ gZ ijb^h[blb [_e_ab lh \b^hh[jZam\Zg_lhfh`_^Zk_ba\tjrbfgh]hih-[tjah\jZfdbl_gZgydhedh b ^hjb gZ _^gh _^bgkl\_gh ihdhe_gb_ hl _\hexpbhggZ ]e_^gZ lhqdZ kdhdhh[jZagh >jm]\tijhkdhclhijhlb\hihklZ\y^Zj\bgbafZbeZfZjdbafZ_ ^Zeb gh\byl \b^ \tagbd\Z bapyeh kemqZcgh beb g_]h\ZlZ ihy\Z k_ ih^ihfZ]Z hl \tgrgbl_b\tlj_rgbl_mkeh\bylZdZq_lhc\tagbd\Zfgh]hih-[tjahbihe_kghhldhedhlhqj_akZfhkemqZcgbijh[bbhlkljZgy\Zg_gZ]j_rdbl_ijb dZd\blh\k_dbhiblh[o\ZsZ_^gZihimeZpby GZijbf_j F F_gkdbc kfylZ q_ `b\hlh ij_^ba\bd\Z hs_ gZ _^ghnmg^Zf_glZeghnbabq_kdhjZ\gbs_kl_q_gb_gZh[klhyl_ekl\ZlZ\k\hy iheaZ ³ijb\ebqZ´ ^h[jbl_ \tafh`ghklb b ³hl[etkd\Z´ g_[eZ]hijbylgbl_ GZbklbgZ b fZedb badjb\y\Zgby gZ fyjZlZ gZ \_jhylghklghlh ijhkljZgkl\h bgl_]jZegh [boZ ^h\_eb ^h agZqbl_egb hldehg_gby \ hp_ey\Zg_lh gZ h[jZam\Zgby gZ^Zj_gb k ih^h[gZ kihkh[ghkl < ih^dj_iZ gZ lZdb\Z b ih^h[gb obihl_ab ]h\hjb ktihklZ\yg_lh gZ fmlZpbhggZlZ kdhjhkl gZ jZaebqgb \b^h\_ b kdhjhkllZ gZ gh\hlh \b^hh[jZam\Zg_ dZdlh jZaghh[jZab_lh gZ `b\by k\yl ih hlghr_gb_ gZ \j_f_lh aZ dh_lh lh _ \tagbdgZeh F
ij_^klZ\ysh k_ dZlh kemqZcgh kZfh \ klZg^ZjlgZlZ ^hk_]ZrgZ \k_h[sZ \j_f_-ijhkljZgkl\_gZ jZfdZ gZ gZmdZlZ \ lq b gZ ]_g_lbdZlZ b gZ _\hexpbhggZlZ[bheh]by Gydhb Z\lhjb gZij Waddington, 1961 kfylZl q_ eZfZjdbaftl jZa[jZg\rbjhdkfbktekthl\_lkl\m\ZgZdmelmjgZlZ_\hexpby < aZdexq_gb_ fh`_ ^Z k_ dZ`_ q_ gydhb hl b^_bl_ gZ eZfZjdbafZ dZdlhbk\tjaZgbkg_]h_\tafh`gh^Zh[h]Zlyl\dZq_kl\hlhgZbadexq_gby b ^Z \b^hbaf_gyl Z \ gydhb kemqZb b j_\hexpbhggh ^Z ij_h[jZam\Zl kt\j_f_ggZlZ_\hexpbhggZl_hjbyhkgh\ZgZgZ]_g_lbdZlZb^Zj\bgbafZGZ ^g_\_g j_^ aZ h[kt`^Zg_ kZ ij_^b \kbqdh _ib]_g_lbqgZlZ gZke_^kl\_ghkl b Z^Zilb\gZlZfmlZpby EBL?J:LMJ:BF_g^_e__\Z -316.
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NhedJ DZd\h_]_g"NbehkhnkdbZel_jgZlb\b-4: 3--6: 3-24. RZoiZjhgh\ F 1985. Ijbgpbi gZbf_gvr_]h ^_ckl\by b aZdhgu l_jfh^bgZfbdb@mjgZenbabq_kdhcobfbb, 59 (11): 2880-2882. RZoiZjhgh\F G_jZ\gh\_kgZyl_jfh^bgZfbdZbijbgpbi gZbf_gvr_]h^_ckl\by< L_jfh^bgZfbdZg_h[jZlbfuoijhp_kkh\ Fhkd\Z³GZmdZ´ -95. RfZev]Zma_g B Db[_jg_lbq_kdb_ \hijhku [bheh]bb Gh\hkb[bjkd ³GZmdZ´ 14. Adaptive mutation in bacteria. http://www.mun.ca/biochem/coarses/4103/topics/adaptive mutation.htm. 15. Cairns, J. 1998. Mutation and Cancer: The Antecedents to our Studies of Adaptive Mutation Genetics. Genetics10 148: 143-1440. 16. Foster, P. 1998. Adaptive Mutation: has the Unicorn Landed. Genetics10 148: 1453-1459. 17. Foster, P. 2004. Adaptive Mutation in Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology11 186 (15): 4846-4852. 18. Cohen, P. 2004. Lamarkism finds lease of life in a prion. New Scientist, 2461: 13. 19. Krishnan, R., S. Lindquist. 2005. Structural insights into a yeast prion illuminate nucleation and strain diversity. Nature, 435 (7043): 765-772. 20. Plank, M. 1979. Das Prinzip der kleinsten Wirkung. In: M. Plank. Vorträge und Erinnerungen. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft: 95- F IeZgd Ijbgpbi gZbf_gvr_]h ^_ckl\by <
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22. True, H., S. Lindquist. 2000. A yeast prion provides a mechanism for genetic variation and phenotypic diversity. Nature, 407 (6803): 477-483. 23. Vines, G. 1998. Hidden inheritance. New scientist, 2162: 26. 24. Waddington, C. 1961. The human evolutionary system. In: M. Batton (ed.) Darwinism and study of society. London: Tavistok.
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>-jklgkII kl\BgklblmlZaZnbehkhnkdbbake_^\ZgbygZ;te]ZjkdZlZ ZdZ^_fbygZgZmdbl_e-mail: [email protected].
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IZjZnbe_lbqgZ _\hexpby Ohfheh]bqgb mqZkltpb hl ]_ghfbl_ gZ jZaebqgb \b^h\_ fh]Zl ^Z baibl\Zl ohfheh]bqgb fmlZpbb dhblh e_kgh k_ ih^o\ZsZl hl koh^gh gZkhq_g gZlbkd gZ _kl_kl\_gby hl[hj \ j_amelZl ij_oh^tl \ ^jm]Z Z^Zilb\gZ ahgZ fh`_ ^Z aZky]Z _^gh\j_f_ggh g_ _^bg Z fgh]h \b^h\_ ijbgZ^e_`Zsb ^hjb dtf jZaebqgb k_f_ckl\Z b jZaj_^b gZ baoh^gbydeZk
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14. G_jZ\ghf_jghkl gZ l_fih\_l_ gZ ij_h[jZam\Zg_ gZ hj]Zgbl_ b ijbagZpbl_ – hlghkbl_egZ g_aZ\bkbfhkl gZ l_fih\_l_ gZ ij_h[jZam\Zg_ gZ jZaebqgbl_kljmdlmjbgZhj]ZgbafZ < j_amelZl dZd k_ ij_h[jZam\Zl ihklmeZlbl_ gZ kbgl_lbqgZlZ _\hexpbhggZl_hjby
Ihimeyjghbaeh`_gb_– Vines, 1998. 5
\tagbd\Zl kj_^ g_^_eysb k_ de_ldb ke_^ dZlh e ijbeh`_g gZlbkd aZ hl[hj Babkd\Z k_ Z]_gl aZ k_e_dpby eZdlhaZ \ ^Z^_gby kemqZc G_ k_ ihy\y\Zl fmlZpbb kj_^ de_ldbl_ g_ih^eh`_gb gZ gZlbkd [14], True, Lindquis, 2000). F_oZgbafbl_ gZ Z^Zilb\gZ fmlZpby kZ hl h]jhfgZ ijZdlbq_kdZ \Z`ghkl ihjZ^b obihl_aZlZ q_ lZdZ \tagbd\Zl b k_ jZa\b\Zl ihg_ gydhb jZdh\b aZ[hey\Zgby Cairns, 1998).
Ihimeyjghbaeh`_gb_- Cohen, 2004. 6
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NhedJ DZd\h_]_g"NbehkhnkdbZel_jgZlb\b-4: 3--6: 3-24. RZoiZjhgh\ F 1985. Ijbgpbi gZbf_gvr_]h ^_ckl\by b aZdhgu l_jfh^bgZfbdb@mjgZenbabq_kdhcobfbb, 59 (11): 2880-2882. RZoiZjhgh\F G_jZ\gh\_kgZyl_jfh^bgZfbdZbijbgpbi gZbf_gvr_]h^_ckl\by< L_jfh^bgZfbdZg_h[jZlbfuoijhp_kkh\ Fhkd\Z³GZmdZ´ -95. RfZev]Zma_g B Db[_jg_lbq_kdb_ \hijhku [bheh]bb Gh\hkb[bjkd ³GZmdZ´ 14. Adaptive mutation in bacteria. http://www.mun.ca/biochem/coarses/4103/topics/adaptive mutation.htm. 15. Cairns, J. 1998. Mutation and Cancer: The Antecedents to our Studies of Adaptive Mutation Genetics. Genetics10 148: 143-1440. 16. Foster, P. 1998. Adaptive Mutation: has the Unicorn Landed. Genetics10 148: 1453-1459. 17. Foster, P. 2004. Adaptive Mutation in Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology11 186 (15): 4846-4852. 18. Cohen, P. 2004. Lamarkism finds lease of life in a prion. New Scientist, 2461: 13. 19. Krishnan, R., S. Lindquist. 2005. Structural insights into a yeast prion illuminate nucleation and strain diversity. Nature, 435 (7043): 765-772. 20. Plank, M. 1979. Das Prinzip der kleinsten Wirkung. In: M. Plank. Vorträge und Erinnerungen. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft: 95- F IeZgd Ijbgpbi gZbf_gvr_]h ^_ckl\by <
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22. True, H., S. Lindquist. 2000. A yeast prion provides a mechanism for genetic variation and phenotypic diversity. Nature, 407 (6803): 477-483. 23. Vines, G. 1998. Hidden inheritance. New scientist, 2162: 26. 24. Waddington, C. 1961. The human evolutionary system. In: M. Batton (ed.) Darwinism and study of society. London: Tavistok.
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