Lab_manual Arm Bbb.pdf

Laboratory Manual For Programming Lab III

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Fizzible

PRECAUTIONS:  Each and every GPIO must be strictly used at 3.3v only and not more than that. Supplying and sourcing voltage levels more than 3.3v will definitely damage the BeagleBone Black.  Analog in voltages are 1.8v max. Application of >1.8v to any A/D pin will damage the processor.  Before giving input to a GPIO it must be declared as input strictly, otherwise the board may not respond thereafter.  BeagleBone Black can source only 6ma through a GPIO. So high current applications need to use respective hardware circuitry.  External voltage greater than 3.3v starts damaging the BeagleBone Black slowly and within few hours it completely damages the board. 

Do not apply any voltages to any I/O pins when the board is not powered on.



Do not drive any external signals into the I/O pins until after the SYS_RESETn signal is HI (3.3V).

 If you are applying signals from other boards into the expansion headers, make sure you power the board up after you power up the BeagleBone Black or make the connections after power is applied on both boards.  Powering the processor via its I/O pins can cause damage to the processor.

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Table of Contents 1 Introduction to the BeagleBone Black

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2 Gettting started with the BeagleBone Black

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3 Getting SSH access .

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4 Running your first program on the BeagleBone Black .

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5 Lab Experiments

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1 Introduction to the BeagleBone Black  Introduction: The BeagleBone Black is the newest member of the BeagleBoard family. It is a lowercost, high-expansion focused BeagleBoard using a low cost Sitara XAM3359AZCZ100 Cortex A8 ARM processor from Texas Instruments. It is similar to the BeagleBone, but with some features removed and some features added. The table below gives the high points on the differences between the BeagleBone and BeagleBone Black.

Beagle boards are tiny computers with all the capability of today’s desktop machines, without the bulk, expense, or noise. The BeagleBone Black is a low-power open-source hardware single-board computer produced by Texas Instruments in association with DigiKey and Newark element14. The BeagleBone was also designed with open source software development in mind, and as a way of demonstrating the Texas Instrument's OMAP3530 system-on-a-chip. The board was developed by a small team of engineers as Laboratory Manual for Programming Lab III

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an educational board that could be used in colleges around the world to teach open source hardware and software capabilities.

 BeagleBone Black Features: 

Sitara AM335x ARM cortex – A8 processor: The board is based on the Sitara AM335x ARM Cortex-A8 processor from Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI), It provides 1-GHz performance – 150 percent higher performance than ARM11 for more advanced user interfaces and computation power.



DC power: +5V DC power can be supplied to the BeagleBone through a barrel connector or from the mini-USB, both of which are located near the large RJ45 Ethernet connector.



2 GB on-board storage using eMMC: In addition to all the features of the previous board (BeagleBone), the Beaglebone black now uses embedded nonvolatile memory system using eMMC, which frees the MicroSD slot to be used for additional storage.



512MB DDR3: The board is having 512 megabytes of low-power DDR3L RAM, doubling the size and speed of the volatile memory and ensuring it will execute software faster.

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PMIC: The board uses a TI TPS65217B PMIC to generate stable supply voltages regardless of input power variation.

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Boot button: Boot button is used to boot the Beaglebone black directly from an external microSD card. You can boot the Beaglebone Black from an external SD card by holding down the BOOT button when applying the power

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Micro HDMI: with this microHDMI we can connect directly to monitors and TVs.

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USB host: USB 2.0 type A host port.



10/100 Ethernet: 10/100 Ethernet RJ45 socket, IPv4 and IPv6 networking.



MicroSD slot: MicroSD slot for additional user data or operating systems.

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

Expansion headers: The expansion interface on the board is comprised of two 46 pin connectors. All signals on the expansion headers are 3.3v unless otherwise indicated.

The following table lists the key features of the BeagleBone Black.

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 BeagleBone Black Key Component Locations: Here are the locations of the key components on the Rev A5A.

 BeagleBone Black Connector and Switch Locations: Below is the location of the connectors and switches on the Rev A5A board. The Power Button and Battery Connections are new additions to the Rev A5A.

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2 Getting Started with the BeagleBone Black Read the step-by-step getting started part below to begin developing with your BeagleBone Black in minutes.

 Getting started: Step 1: Plug in your BeagleBone black via USB.

Use the provided USB cable to plug your Beagle into your computer. This will both power the board and provide a development interface. BeagleBone Black will boot Linux from the on-board 2GB eMMC. Either BeagleBone Black or original BeagleBone may also boot from a microSD card. BeagleBone Black will operate as a flash drive providing you with a local copy of the documentation and drivers. Note that this interface may not be used to re-configure the microSD card with a new image, but may be used to update the boot parameters using the uEnv.txt file. You'll see the PWR LED lit steadily. Within 10 seconds, you should see the other LEDs blinking in their default configurations. 

USR0 is configured at boot to blink in a heartbeat pattern.



USR1 is configured at boot to light during microSD card accesses.



USR2 is configured at boot to light during CPU activity.



USR3 is configured at boot to light during eMMC accesses.

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Step 2: Install drivers. Install the drivers for your operating system to give you network-over-USB access to your Beagle. Additional drivers give you serial access to your board.

Operating

Usb drivers

Comments

system Windows bit)

(64- 64-bit installer

If in doubt, try the 64-bit installer first. 

Windows bit)

(32- 32-bit installer



Note #1: Windows Driver Certification warning may pop up two or three times. Click "Ignore", "Install" or "Run". Note #2: On systems without the latest service release, you may get an error (0xc000007b). In that case, please install the following and retry: http://www.microsoft.com/enus/download/confirmation.aspx?id=13523



MAC OS X Linux

Network serial Mkudevrule.sh

Note #3: You may need to reboot Windows.

Install both sets of drivers Driver installation isn't required, but you might find a few udev rules helpful.

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Note: Additional FTDI USB to serial/JTAG information and drivers are available from “http://www.ftdichip.com/Drivers/VCP.htm.” Note: Additional USB to virtual Ethernet information and drivers are available from “http://www.linux-usb.org/gadget/” / “http://joshuawise.com/horndis“ Step 3: Browse to your beagle. Using either Chrome or Firefox (Internet Explorer will NOT work), browse to the web server running on your board. It will load a presentation showing you the capabilities of the board. Use the arrow keys on your keyboard to navigate the presentation. *Older software images require you to EJECT the BEAGLE_BONE drive to start the network. With the latest software image, that step is no longer required.

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 Expanding the Storage Partition on microSD If you have installed a Linux distribution on your microSD you can modify the root file system partition. You are then able to utilize all of the space on your microSD card regardless of the size of the default partition of your given image. Follow the instructions found on Expanding File System Partition on a MicroSD. Note: The instructions on that page are general and are not guaranteed to work on every Linux distribution.

 BoneScript Bonescript is a Node.js library specifically optimized for the Beagle family, featuring familiar Arduino function calls, exported to the browser. The BoneScript library provides several functions useful for interacting with your hardware.

 Copy commands: Copying a computer program to the BeagleBone black If you want to copy a program you have written on your computer to the BeagleBone. You can do it using the scp command. The scp command can be used in the following ways. To copy from computer to BeagleBone. Syntax: scp <source_file_location> <user_name@ip_of_remote_host:destination_location> Example: scp myprogram.py [email protected]:/root/ To copy from BeagleBone to Computer Syntax: scp <user_name@ip_of_remote_host:source_location> <destination_location>

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Example: scp [email protected]:/root/myProgram.py /home/XYZ/Documents

 Cloud9 IDE If you want to program the board using a complete IDE, a JavaScript IDE is available with BeagleBone by default. To start cloud9 IDE type the following in the URL bar of your browser. 192.168.7.2:3000

A complete IDE Cloud9 as can be seen in the above image will get started within your browser. This can be used to program on BBB using JavaScript.

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3 Getting SSH Access SSH is used to take control of the BeagleBone Black to get a root shell access to the bone.

 SSH: SSH (SSH client) is a program for logging into a remote machine and for executing commands on a remote machine. SSH connects and logs into the specified host name (with optional user name). The user must prove his/her identity to the remote machine using one of several methods depending on the protocol version used. If command is specified, it is executed on the remote host instead of a login shell.

Procedure: 1. Connect the BeagleBone to your computer with the USB cable provided. 2. Wait for the notification of active wire connection. 3. Press (Ctrl+Alt+T) to open a terminal, type the following terminal: “ssh [email protected]”

4. If prompted, type yes and press Enter.

As you can see in the image below, when we were typing the ssh command the shell we were getting was of the computer. But after getting access to BeagleBone Black, we are getting the shell of the root user on the BeagleBone. Whatever the commands we type here now will run on the BeagleBone Black.

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 List of common Linux commands: 

pwd - show current directory

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cd - change current directory

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ls - list directory contents

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chmod - change file permissions

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chown - change file ownership

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cp - copy files

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mv - move files

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rm - remove files

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mkdir - make directory

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rmdir - remove directory

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cat - dump file contents

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less - progressively dump file

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vi - edit file (complex)

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nano - edit file (simple)

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head - trim dump to top

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echo - print/dump value

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env - dump environment variables

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export - set environment variable

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history - dump command history

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grep - search dump for strings

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man - get help on command

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apropos - show list of man pages

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find - search for files

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tar - create/extract file archives

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gzip - compress a file

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gunzip - decompress a file

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du - show disk usage

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df - show disk free space

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mount - mount disks



tee - write dump to file in parallel

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4 Running your First Program on the BeagleBone Black BeagleBone is a complete single board computer (SBC). Hence it can be used to program with any language of your choice. For writing our first program on the BBB we'll use python and C.

To get started we'll need a shell access to the BeagleBone, (Shell access procedure is mentioned in chapter 3).  Writing your first program using Python: To write the program on terminal we will use a simple text editor for terminal called as 'Nano'. To write a HelloWorld program using nano on terminal type the following on terminal. nano HelloWorld.py The above command will start the Nano text editor and create the file HelloWorld.py file. You can type your code for python in the editor. A simple hello world in Python will be print “HelloWorld” To save the code press Ctrl + X and press Y and then Enter. All the keyboard shortcuts for nano are listed at the bottom of the nano interface. The program's output can be seen in the following way. root@beaglebone:~# python HelloWorld.py OUTPUT: Hello World  Writing your first program using C: To program in C the similar procedure as done for python can be used. Open the Nano text editor and create the HelloWorld.c file Laboratory Manual for Programming Lab III

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root@beaglebone:~# nano HelloWorld.c Type your code for the program in the window of the Nano text editor. Simple hello world program for C would be

#include<stdio.h> int main(void) { puts(“\n\t Hello World”); return 0; } Save the program using Ctrl + X and press Y and enter. To compile the code type root@beaglebone:~# gcc HelloWorld.c To view the output of code type root@beaglebone:~# ./a.out OUTPUT: Hello World Similarly the programs can also be written for other languages. You can also use other terminal text editors like Vi of your choice as well. Happy Coding!

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5 Lab Experiments

Experiment 1: Elevator/Lift Simulation.

 Problem statement: Develop an application using BeagleBone Black / ARM Cortex A5 development board to simulate the operations of LIFT.

 Procedure:  Connect the BeagleBone Black to your computer with the USB cable. After connecting the BeagleBone black to your computer few blue L.E.D’s will glow indicating that the bone is now powered. Laboratory Manual for Programming Lab III

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 Now you will see a notification saying “Wired connection is now active” on your desktop.  Now open the terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) of your Linux desktop.  Write the following command in your terminal: “Ssh [email protected]” *This command will let you access the operating system of your BeagleBone black.  Now to open the editor for writing the program code type the following command: “Nano programname (your program name without spaces).py” Ex: nano lift.py  Now start writing your program in the editor which is opened on your screen.  You can save your program by pressing “CTRL+O”.  Now to exit out from the editor, press “CTRL+X”.  You can now again see the terminal on your screen.  To execute the program you have saved write the following command: “Python programname.py” Ex: python lift.py. Laboratory Manual for Programming Lab III

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 Now connect the BeagleBone black to your elevator simulator card using the FRC cable.  Now you can see the red L.E.D is on, indicating the board is powered up properly.  On the elevator simulator card you can see the 5 push button representing 5 different floors.

 Besides the push button switches you can see two L.E.D’s (red & green); red indicating the lift is at halt and green indicating the lift is in motion.  After pressing any of the push button switch you can you can see the status of the lift by the following two things: o The arrow L.E.D’s shows the direction of the lift i.e. upwards or downwards. o The seven segment displays shows the current floor of the lift.

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Experiment 2: Traffic Light Simulation

 Problem statement: Develop an application using BeagleBone Black/ ARM Cortex A5 development board to simulate the working of signal lights.

 Procedure:  Connect the BeagleBone black to your computer with the USB cable. After connecting the BeagleBone black with your computer few blue L.E.D’s will glow indicating that the bone is now powered.  Now you will see a notification saying “wired connection is now active” on your desktop.  Now open the terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) of your Linux desktop.  Write the following command in your terminal: “ssh [email protected]”

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*This command will let you access the operating system of your BeagleBone black.  Now to open the editor for writing the program code type the following command: “Nano programname (your program name without spaces).py” Ex: nano trafficlight.py  Now start writing your program in the editor which is opened on your screen.  You can save your program by pressing “CTRL+O”.  Now to exit out from the editor, press “CTRL+X”.  You can now again see the terminal on your screen.  To execute the program you have saved write the following command: “Python programname.py” Ex: python trafficlight.py.  Now connect the BeagleBone Black to your traffic light simulator card using the FRC cable.  Connect the power adapter (5V 2A) to the traffic light simulator card.  Now you can see the red L.E.D is on, indicating the board is powered up properly.  On the traffic light simulator card you can see a four way which has 4 traffic signals.

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The traffic signals are represented by red, yellow and green L.E.D’S indicating STOP, BEWARE AND GO respectively.  Once the program is executed, the traffic light signal will function accordingly. When the green light of one signal is ON the corresponding red light of the other 3 signals will be ON.

 The time required to wait between red and yellow light is displayed on the seven segment display. Also the time required for transition between the yellow and green light is also displayed on the same.

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Experiment 3: Stepper Motor Simulation  Problem statement: Develop Robotics (stepper motor) Application using BeagleBone Black.

 Procedure:  Connect the BeagleBone black to your computer with the USB cable. After connecting the BeagleBone black with your computer few blue L.E.D’s will glow indicating that the bone is now powered.  Now you will see a notification saying “wired connection is now active” on your desktop.  Now open the terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) of your Linux desktop.  Write the following command in your terminal: “ssh [email protected]” *This command will let you access the operating system of your BeagleBone black.  Now to open the editor for writing the program code type the following command: “Nano programname (your program name without spaces).py” Ex: nano trafficlight.py  Now start writing your program in the editor which is opened on your screen.  You can save your program by pressing “CTRL+O”.  Now to exit out from the editor, press “CTRL+X”.  You can now again see the terminal on your screen.  To execute the program you have saved write the following command: “Python programname.py” Ex: python trafficlight.py.  Now connect the BeagleBone Black to your traffic light simulator card using the FRC cable.  Connect the power adapter (5V 2A) to the stepper motor simulator card. Laboratory Manual for Programming Lab III

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 Now you can see the red L.E.D is on, indicating the board is powered up properly.  On the stepper motor card you can see a gear attached to a motor which will rotate clockwise or anticlockwise according to the changes made in the code. You can also move the motor with a desired step angle. 

Once the program is executed the motor will start rotating either clockwise/anticlockwise.

The sequence bits (denoted by blue L.E.D’s) will change according to each step the motor takes.

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Experiment 4: IP Application  Problem Statement: Develop a network based application by setting up IP address on BeagleBoard/ ARM Cortex A5.

 Objective: By the end of this experiment you should be able to: 1) Understand what IP address is and how to change it on a Linux computer. 2) Remotely access the BeagleBone over a local network. 3) Access the GUI of the BeagleBone remotely on another computer. 4) Understand the concepts of SSH and VNC.

 Concepts: 1) IP Address: Internet Protocol Address (or IP Address) is a unique address that computing device use to identify itself and communicate with other devices in the Internet Protocol network. Any device connected to the IP network must have a unique IP address within its network. An IP address is analogous to a street address or telephone number in that it is used to uniquely identify a network device to deliver mail message, or call ("view") a website. 1.1) The Format of an IP Address: The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255. For example, 1.160.10.240 could be an IP address.

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2) What is an SSH? : SSH (SSH client) is a program for logging into a remote machine and for executing commands on a remote machine. SSH connects and logs into the specified hostname (with optional user name). The user must prove his/her identity to the remote machine using one of several methods depending on the protocol version used. If command is specified, it is executed on the remote host instead of a login shell. 3) VNC: In computing, Virtual Network Computing (VNC) is a graphical desktop sharing system that uses the Remote Frame Buffer protocol (RFB) to remotely control another computer. It transmits the keyboard and mouse events from one computer to another, relaying the graphical screen updates back in the other direction, over a network.

 Software Required: For SSH: If you're using Windows then the software “Putty” is required. But if you're using Ubuntu OS, no special software is required. For VNC: Install VNC viewer. X11-VNC-server has to be installed on the BeagleBone.

 Procedure: Initial configuration (Before connecting the BeagleBone to the network) 1.

Connect the BeagleBone to your computer with the USB cable provided.

2.

Wait for the notification of active wire connection.

3.

Press Ctrl+Alt+T to open a terminal, type the following terminal: ssh [email protected]

4.

If prompted, type yes and press Enter. Laboratory Manual for Programming Lab III

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Fig: Getting ssh access to the BeagleBone.

5. View the current IP address configurations of the BeagleBone by the following command: ifconfig 6. The output will be the list of network interfaces which are available for creating a network with the BeagleBone, and their respective configurations.

Fig: Output of the ifconfig command

7.

The configuration file of the IP address setting is located in /etc/network/interfaces Laboratory Manual for Programming Lab III

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8.

To edit the IP address configurations type the following command: nano /etc/network/interfaces

9.

Next we'll configure the eth0 interface. Uncomment the line 'iface eth0 inet dhcp'

10.

Change it to 'iface eth0 inet static'

11.

Enter the configurations details below the changed line for eth0 as follows:

address 10.0.1.37 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 10.0.1.0 gateway 10.0.1.1 12.

Exit by pressing Ctrl+X.

13.

In prompt: Press Y to save the changes and press Enter.

14.

To shut down the BeagleBone:, type the following command:

shutdown -h now. 15.

Unplug the BeagleBone from your computer and connect it to your network

(Ethernet cable). 16.

Switch on the BeagleBone using the external 5 volt power adapter. Laboratory Manual for Programming Lab III

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Open the terminal in your computer and try pinging the address which you set in

17.

the interfaces configurations. For that type the command: Ping 10.0.1.37 18.

If you can ping to the particular address that means the BeagleBone has started.

19.

If you cannot ping, check the IP configurations again and try restarting the

BeagleBone. Next, type in:

20.

ssh [email protected] If prompted, type yes and press Enter.  Installing the VNC software on the BeagleBone black: Type the following command:

1.

apt-get update (This will update the software packages repositories on the BeagleBone) After the update, type:

2.

apt-get install x11vnc When prompted press Y and Enter.  Accessing the BeagleBone GUI through VNC: 1.

Next, we need to start the X11 VNC server on the BeagleBone Black to access its

GUI. 2.

We need to start X11 VNC server, type the following command: x11vnc -bg -o %HOME/ .x11vnc.log.%VNCDISPLAY -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/ :0 –forever

3.

Avoid repeatedly typing this command, copy this command into a shell file and

when this command is in use, just run that shell file.

4.

To create a shell file: nano filename.sh

5.

Type the command in the file. Save it. Laboratory Manual for Programming Lab III

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6.

To make the shell file executable type: chmod +x filename.sh

7.

While running the file when command is in use: ./filename.sh

8.

In your computer, open Remmina Remote Desktop Client.

9.

Create a new file, enter the IP of the BeagleBone in the server field, i.e. 10.0.1.37

10.

Click on Connect.

11.

A small window will open, select console in the module field, click connect.

The BeagleBone GUI will be displayed.

This method can be used to connect to the Beagle Bone using any device which has an SSH client and a VNC client like Computers, Laptops, tablets & Phones.

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Experiment 5: Parallel Quick Sort Algorithm  Problem Statement: Implement a Parallel Quick Sort algorithm using NVIDIA GPU or equivalent ARM board.

 CUDA: Introduction: CUDA® is a parallel computing platform and programming model invented by NVIDIA. It enables dramatic increases in computing performance by harnessing the power of the graphics processing unit (GPU). System Requirements To use CUDA on your system, you will need the following installed: 

CUDA-capable GPU



A supported version of Linux with a gcc compiler and toolchain



NVIDIA

CUDA

Toolkit

(available

at http://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-

downloads.  Verify You Have a CUDA-Capable GPU. To verify that your GPU is CUDA-capable, go to your distribution's equivalent of System Properties, or, from the command line, enter: $lspci | grep -i nvidia If you do not see any settings, update the PCI hardware database that Linux maintains by entering update-pciids (generally found in/ sbin) at the command line and retun the previous lspci command.

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 Verify the System Has gcc Installed. The gcc compiler is required for development using the CUDA Toolkit. It is not required for running CUDA applications. It is generally installed as part of the Linux installation, and in most cases the version of gcc installed with a supported version of Linux will work correctly. To verify the version of gcc installed on your system, type the following on the command line: $gcc --version If an error message displays, you need to install the development tools from your Linux distribution or obtain a version of gcc and its accompanying tool chain from the Web.  Verify the Driver Version. If you installed the driver, verify that the correct version of it is installed. This can be done through your System Properties (or equivalent) or by executing the command Note that this command will not work on an iGPU / dGPU system.  Compiling the Examples. The version of the CUDA Toolkit can be checked by running nvcc-C in a terminal window. The nvcc command runs the compiler driver that compiles CUDA programs. It calls the gcc compiler for C code and the NVIDIA PTX compiler for the CUDA code. The NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit includes sample programs in source form. You should compile them by changing to ~/NVIDIA_CUDA-6.5_Samples and typing make. The resulting binaries will be placed under ~/NVIDIA_CUDA-6.5_Samples/bin.

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 Running the Binaries. After compilation, find and run deviceQuery under ~/NVIDIA_CUDA-6.5_Samples. If the CUDA software

is installed and configured

correctly,

the output for

deviceQuery should look similar to that shown in the figure below:

Valid Results from deviceQuery CUDA Sample

The exact appearance and the output lines might be different on your system. The important outcomes are that a device was found (the first highlighted line), that the device matches the one on your system (the second highlighted line), and that the test passed (the final highlighted line). If a CUDA-capable device and the CUDA Driver are installed but Valid Results from deviceQuery CUDA Sample Reports that no CUDA-capable devices are present, this likely means that the /dev/nvidia* files are missing or have the wrong permissions. On systems where SELinux is enabled, you might need to temporarily disable this security feature to run deviceQuery. To do this, type: $setenforce 0 Laboratory Manual for Programming Lab III

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From the command line as the superuser. Running the bandwidth Test program ensures that the system and the CUDA-capable device are able to communicate correctly. Its output is shown in the figure below.

Valid Results from bandwidthTest CUDA Sample.

Note that the measurements for your CUDA-capable device description will vary from system to system. The important point is that you obtain measurements, and that the second-to-last line (in the above figure) confirms that all necessary tests passed. Should the tests not pass, make sure you have a CUDA-capable NVIDIA GPU on your system and make sure it is properly installed. If you run into difficulties with the link step (such as libraries not being found), consult the Linux Release Notes found in the doc folder in the CUDA Samples directory.  Compile and Run CUDA C/C++ Programs Programs must be compiled into binary code by nvcc to execute on the device.

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 Parallel Quicksort :

 Algorithm: // Let 0 < i < p-1 and p denote the local thread index and thread count . QSort (e = <e1,.....,en>) begin if n < M then return SmallSort(e) if i = 0 then pick a pivot d belongs to e Laboratory Manual for Programming Lab III

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ai := bi := ci := 0 t := e for i*n/p <= j <= (( i+1)*(n/p)) do if t[ j ] < d then ai ++ else if t[ j ] = d then bi++ else ci++ end scan(a0,.....,ap-1) scan(b0,.....,bp-1) scan(c0,......,cp-1) for i*n/p <= j <= ((i+1)*(n/p)) if t[ j ] < d then e [ ai ] := t [ j ] ai++ else if t[ j ] = d then e[ bi ] := t[ j ] bi++ else e [ ci ] := t[ j ] ci++ end return Concatenate(Qsort(<e1,.....,e[ai] >), < e[ ai+1 ],........,e[ bi ]>), Qsort(<e[ bi+1],......,en>)) end

 Process Command Line Procedure Step 1: Save your program with the extension .cu let say example.cu. Step 2: Open Terminal and locate your program directory. Step 3: Type in command prompt (Terminal in Linux) nvcc example.cu –o example.

For implementing the quicksort program: nvcc-I/usr/local/cuda/include L/usr/local/cuda/lib cdpQuicksort.cu –o cdpQuicksort

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Experiment 6: CPU Frequency Alteration.  Problem Statement: Write an application to and demonstrate the change in BeagleBoard / ARM Cortex A5 / Microprocessor / CPU frequency or square wave of programmable frequency.

 Procedure:  Connect the BeagleBone black to your computer with the USB cable. After connecting the BeagleBone black with your computer few blue L.E.D’s will glow indicating that the bone is now powered.  Now you will see a notification saying “wired connection is now active” on your desktop.  Now open the terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) of your Linux desktop.  Write the following command in your terminal: “ssh [email protected]” *This command will let you access the operating system of your BeagleBone black.  Now to open the editor for writing the program code type the following command: “Nano programname (your program name without spaces).py” Ex: nano cpufrequency.py  Now start writing your program in the editor which is opened on your screen.  You can save your program by pressing “CTRL+O”.  Now to exit out from the editor, press “CTRL+X”.  You can now again see the terminal on your screen.  To execute the program you have saved, write the following command: “Python programname.py” Ex: python cpufrequency.py.  Now insert a single pin to pin wire in pin no. 13 and ground pin (P9_01) of BeagleBone Black. Laboratory Manual for Programming Lab III

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 Connect pin no. P9_13 and ground pin (P9_01) to your CRO / DSO.  Now execute the code by pressing enter key.  Observe the square wave.

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