La Now Volumes 3 And 4, Chapters 2c-2d
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volume 4 : Chavez Ravine proposal
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Chavez Ravine proposals
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volume 4 : Chavez Ravine proposal
volume 4 : Chavez Ravine proposal Chavez Pass
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Chavez Pass
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Chavez Pass
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Volume 4 : Chavez Ravine proposal Chavez Pass
80 stadium
parks
housing
conceptual planning
urban context
sections
problem Downtown Los Angeles, a major pulse of the city, houses the art community, the cultural corridor, the convention center, the financial center, the business district, the civic powerhouse, and the manufacturing district. Even with such an intense urban fabric, the city lacks the housing thread that binds a city together. The heavily charged city at day turns into a desolated ghost town for the homeless and crime. The lack of housing units in downtown is driving people out into the outskirt of the city to live. When the entire workforce of a city tries to discharge itself through its limited infrastructure within a relatively small window of time, it is inevitable that traffic congestion would take place. The existing capacity of road infrastructures is not large enough to handle the extreme volume of cars without delays. It is quite evident that within a few years, Los Angeles will have to increase housing levels to match the projected population growth. Our proposal for the placement of new housing complexes in Chavez Ravine and the relocation of Dodger Stadium to downtown Los Angeles will not only solve the housing crunch but will also help ease traffic congestion; two major problems that have been placed on the side for too long. The research proposes new urban housing, Chavez Pass, to both rejuvenate downtown Los Angeles and alleviate traffic conditions on the freeways.
This research takes an alternative look at urban planning. The process includes the investigation of modes of adaptation and the mediation of organizational structure that give rise to emergent forms. The emergent flows provide for a predominance of fluid space over static location. Furthermore, these flows provide the networked urban links and interdependencies and imply the capability of change over time. The idea of temporal urbanization networks multiple linkages generating overlapping. Through the overlapping, it forges new collaborative groupings and zones of interrelated modes of adaptation.
proposal Major components of the proposal include 10,000 units of housing for 35,000 people, a comprehensive school, a retail/commercial center, the activation of Elysian Park, and the extension of Figueroa Street. The most influential flows of the site include the Spanish grid of downtown, the greens of Elysian Park, the topography of the site and the freeway system. The first emergent flow of line generated was the extension of Figueroa Street from downtown through the site, linking to the Freeway. The Figueroa connection provides the urban link and interdependency for site. The infrastructure grid then fuses with Elysian Park and the Spanish grid. On the infrastructure grid are the housing components. The two housing typologies include a curvilinear ribbon typology [fifteen stories] and a linear bar typology [one-four stories]. The ribbon typology emerging from Elysian Park take dominates the north end and slowly dissipates moving south. The ribbon typology also bridges residential blocks to serve as a connection mechanism. The bar typology is derived from the Spanish grid system. While it dominates the downtown edge, it slowly dissolves into the landscape. The bar typology also projects into the park to serve as a connection between the residential community and the park. This strata system of two housing typologies creates overlapping of zones that reveal pockets of open space. The park is a gift to the city, as it reactivates Elysian Park by providing an additional of 3,700,000 square feet of active park. The park is threaded with zones of activity passage, gathering, focus, tranquility, and learning and interlaced with zones of game/leisure.
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Continuous change is the only thing constant in contemporary urban culture. However, current urban planning involves the prescriptive method of predictability and determinable control, implying the control of space and time. With ongoing changes and multiple futures, this method seems inept.
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Chavez Pass
process
urban context
Chavez Pass concept
Los Angeles Downtown
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Chavez Pass
Figueroa Express
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2004
Los Angeles
3,912,200
people 11.5 persons / acre
2002 2000
1990
3,798,981 people 3,694,820 people
new Dodger Stadium
3,485,398 people
1980
2,966,850 people
1970
1960
2,816,061 people
1950
2,479,015 people
1,970,358 people
1940
1,504,277 people
1930
1,238,048 people
1920
576,700 people
1900
102,500 people
1850 1800
population (top 5 North America) Los Angeles – Long Beach – Santa Ana 11,789,487 people >> 7,068.3 persons/sq. mi. Toronto 366,508 people
proposal:
>> 6,835.2 persons/sq. mi.
San Francisco – Oakland 3,228,605 people >> 6,130.4 persons/sq. mi. San Jose 1,538,312 people >> 5,914.1 persons/sq. mi. New York – Newark 17,799,861 people >> 5,309.3 persons/sq. mi.
1,610 people 315 people
10,000 public housing for downtwon L.A.
case studies Culver City population
West Hollywood
38,816
35,716
land area 3200 acres population density 12.13 persons/acre
1210 acres 29.51 persons/acre
park 13 (88 acres) area/person 98.75 sq. ft./person
4(16.97 acres) 20.69 sq. ft./person
total amenities
212 (100%)
248 (100%)
stores
61 (28.8%)
114 (45.9%)
eateries
50 (23.6%)
75 (30.3%)
main supermarkets
3
5
case study
city case study
urban context
city case study
Elysian Park
Chavez Pass residential 35,000 people 10,000 families 133 persons/acre
proposal:
junction to 5 Freeway proposal:
83
Chavez Pass
Figueroa Bridge
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proposal:
Chinatown Bridge
proposal:
tunnel
Chinatown
and Solano Canyon
Echo Park
Park La brea
Chavez Pass
25,006
30,577
7,722
35,000
215.8 acres 115.9 persons/acre
233.9 acres 130.7 persons/acre
160 acres48.26 persons/acre
263 acres 133 persons/acre
1 -
1 (31 acres) 51 sq. ft./person
1 (28.26 acres) 159.4 sq. ft./person
255 (100%)
235 (100%)
137 (100%)
New Elysian (705 acres) 877 sq. ft./person
232 (91%)
131(56%)
130 (94.9%)
71 (27%)
95 (42%)
48 (35%)
1
1
2
neighbor community residential project
160 (26,200 sq.ft) 29 (18%) 71 (35%) 3
site
figure-ground map
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Chavez Pass
urban context
0 0
100ft
500ft
1000f
1/3mile
1/2mile
1 mile
urban context
zoning connections diagram
Figueroa Street: the connective spline
Elysian Park
Chavez Pass
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Cultural Corridor Financial Core
housing area
Civic Center Arts District
Jewelry District
Chavez Ravine Figueroa Terrace Solano Canyon Alpine Hill
entertainment district
Flower District
Toy District
active area Elysian park West Village East Village
South Park Fashion District
Warehouse District
Chinatown Civic Center Cultural Corridor Financial Core Sport City
These two maps of downtown give a brief overview of the larger context of the given problem. The map on the left is a figure-ground view which shows how the project transitions from the hills of Elysian Park into the Chavez Pass development, then continues to downtown Los Angeles via the proposed Figueroa Bridge connection. Finally, the scope of the design terminates at the new Dodger Stadium location in the Entertainment District, which is within the residential area of South Park. The map above illustrates the different parts of downtown and adjacent areas of Elysian Park that the Chavez Pass project has to incorporate and ultimately connect.
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Chinatown
Chavez Pass
F i g u e ro a Terrace
urban context
grid dynamics
5F
ree
wa
y
Sc
ott
W. S
Extension
Bend Elysian Park
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st
ad
iu
m
wa
y
ee
Elysian Park
in
Fr
wa
Ma
1
g
rin
Sp
Hill
N.
10
y
W. C o
llege
Alp
ine
new grid Ord
pedestrian grid
Ces
ar C
Sp
rin
g
Figueroa Express
Alameda
city grid tunnel
Te m
bridge
1s
y
freeway 0 11
freeway exit
a ew
t
e
Fr
5th 6th
ay
10 Freew
9th
Ol
ym
Fi gu er o Fl ow a e r Ho Gr pe an d Br oa Hi l dw l a Ma y in
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City Grids
set
no Sola
Chavez Pass
un
pic
Pi
co
17
th
To create the framework for the new development at Elysian Park, the site pulls in the existing urban fabric from adjacent districts. To the east, the site incorporates Solano Canyon and Chinatown, not only by using the existing grid but also constructing new connections over the 101 Freeway. To the south, the most important connection is made with Figueroa Street, connecting the site directly to downtown through Alpine Hill. To the west, connection is made to the everyday amenities of Echo Park.
4th
ple
hav
ez
Broadway
conceptual planning
programming and open space
parking: 4,750,000 sq. ft. = 19,000 stalls residential parking commercial parking park parking
school 800,000 sq. ft. activity center 9000 sq. ft. business center - 3 jogging path 2.1 mile sport grounds
12-15 Stories
ribbon housing
amenities
5 Stories 4 Stories 3 Stories 2 Stories
Residential west: 9,000 sq. ft. east: 225,000 sq. ft.
surface parking housing parking: 4,750,000 sq. ft. = 19,000 stalls amenities parking: 450,000 sq. ft. = 1,800 stalls
general public retail and commercial Center: 3,000 sq. ft. park amenities: 25,000 sq. ft.
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commercial
underground parking
active park
open space type 1:
open space type 2:
open spacetype 3:
open space type 4:
open space type 5:
3,700,00 sq. ft. open spaces
public garden
private garden
landscape area
hardscape
parks and sports fields
The diagrams above show the complexity of the site’s zones and uses. The goal of this project was not only to create a self-sustaining community, but also to offer the greater population the amenity of Elysian Park by making Chavez Pass a destination and helping to rejuvenate the downtown area by giving residents quick access to nature and active parks. In addition to the active parks, the site planning also introduces a series of retail and commercial nodes within Chavez Pass. This is once again to provide amenities to the residents and daily commuters of Chavez Pass, but also to residents of nearby downtown Los Angeles with a secondary amenity structure. The diagram also depicts the use of infrastructure to develop a secondary framework (the first being the existing city grids) for the design of the project. The first in this series are larger residential blocks that also house retail and follow the topography to traverse the site. The second system are medium sized residential buildings the branch out from the larger buildings helping to create smaller neighborhoods.
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bar housing
Chavez Pass
double bay for 3+ stories buildings single bay for 1-2 stories buildings
housing
housing sections
step1: Figueroa Express divides the site into three parts
step 3: housing density switches from urban to natural
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Chavez Pass
step1: maximum housing with city grid
park 5400 ft
4500 ft
3600 ft
2700 ft
1800 ft
900 ft 0 ft
urban
downtown L.A.
housing
housing process
step 4: topology
step 5: hillside high-rise housing
step 6: combination
bar housing
central park
ribbon housing
school
bar housing
Figueroa Bridge
West Village
Chinatown Complex
Central Park
Chavez Pass residential
East Village
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ribbon housing
Chavez Pass
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park
new Elysian park
active Zone
active zone 90
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Chavez Pass
active zone
central park activezone
active zone
activity center
active zone
school
Cornfield Art Project
park+landscape active zone: open space for activity softscape: landscape hardscape: playgrounds, yards, courses and parking buildings: schools & activity center
new Elysian Park
current Elysian Park
new Elysian
active zone 214.3 acres
area active zone families people area/person bike trail jogging way parking
705 acres 214.3 acres 10,000 35,000 877 sq. ft./person 2.7 miles 2.2 miles 1,800
=2.9 current Elysian
active zone 73.2 acres
area active zone jogging path bike trail families
705 acres 73.2 acres 0 0 288
park
Chavez Pass central park
pedestrian promenade yards pedestrian pathways parks pedestrian pathways bike path jogging path pedestrian bridges
vehicular access and parking Local entrance Vehicular paths Public parking Vehicular bridges
current Elysian Park softscape active zone public park parking stadium Cornfield Art Project
central park zoning zone of game/leisure: play, compete, and entertain zone of passage: course movement zone of gathering: meeting, crossing and intersection zone of focus: gathering zone of tranquility: serenity, peace, and silence zone of learning: educational centers
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Chavez Pass
Freeway connections
stadium
new Dodger Stadium
110 Freeway
F
Dash route F collects passengers from Chavez Pass, Exposition, and USC.
C
Dash route C collects passengers from adjacent surface lots.
D
Dash route D collects passengers from Union Station, which serves Pasadena (Gold Line), San Fernando Valley (Red Line), and MetroLink lines running from Simi Valley to Orange County.
F
1
2
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1
2
1
3
Downtown Dodger Stadium Transit Hub would combine the Blue Line’s Pico Station with multiple bus routes at street level.
4
Long Beach passengersarrive on the Blue Line & South Bay/Inglewood residents via the Green Line.
5
Grand Avenue Station
6
existing Grand Hope Park
C
1
6
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8 7 2
2 1 1
3
9
1
1 1
D
The grey represents large existing surface lots within walking distance of the stadium or Dash lines to the area. The new public park becomes integrated with the ballpark, retail, and residential buildings to serve the immediate downtown area.
downtown Dodger Stadium: capacity 35,000 Staples Center capacity: 20,000/18,500 9
4 5
10 Freeway
0 0
100ft
500ft
1000f
1/3mile
1/2mile
1 mile
The placement of the stadium in the South Park area of downtown was chosen for several reasons: Accessibility by multiple modes of transit, adjacency to similar functions for shared use, and placement with minor disruption to existing infrastructure. As the diagram shows above, the stadium can now be accessed from a greater distance through multiple modes of transportation. The Metro Rail system will now bring people from Long Beach and the South Bay via the Blue and Green lines as well as from Montclair and Pasadena via the Gold Line. Additionally, the MetroLink system, which serves from Simi Valley and Ventura County to Orange County, can be utilized though Union Station connections. On a more local scale, the location of the new stadium takes advantage of the downtown Dash shuttle system, connecting the stadium to nearby surface lots, Union Station for long–distance connections, and the new Chavez Pass development at Elysian Park.
Los Angeles Convention Center 720,000 sq. ft. of exhibition space
110 Freeway
new stadium programming 10 Freeway Transit
Stadium
Park Offices
Retail
Eat/Drink
Eat/Drink
Retail
Living
Parking
Offices
P
Eat/Drink
Park
Park
Eat/Drink
Retail
Living
Living
Parking
P
Living
Offices
Eat/Drink
Chavez Pass
D 3
2
7
C
F
8
6
110 Freeway
As the ballpark investigates the Entertainment District of downtown Los Angeles, the stadium is also able to share uses with the adjacent Staples Center and Convention Center by providing parking structures and a transit hub which organizes the transit routes to and from the new district. The end location of the ballpark was refined by the proximity of different downtown infrastructure such as gas stations, DASH routes, traffic patterns, and the rail line. Institutional buildings in South Park, such as the Methodist Church or the Museum of Neon Art, were also considered when making the decision.
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The lights come up on the outfield as the sun sets behind the silhouette of Los Angeles. The crowd cheers for the home team. Friends and neighbors surround you. You take your kids here. This is the place where they grew up. You can look down to the fields past the outfield and remember their soccer games on Saturday mornings. You’re a moment’s commute via light rail to the place where you work. You can walk to buy groceries. You don’t have to wait in line to leave the game. You don’t have to fight traffic to get home. This isn’t just your home team. It’s your home town. Welcome to a redefined Los Angeles. Welcome to Stadium City.
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As Los Angeles continues to evolve, the need to provide adequate housing is even more essential. With an opportunity to explore new housing solutions for Chavez Ravine, this proposal looks to the site’s controversial past. Previous research suggested that the most appropriate solution to the deserted hilltop would be a mixed-use community that is self-sufficient but with strong connections to its surroundings. To augment the al-
ready spectacular views from the site and alleviate difficult access to the site, this proposal regrades the terraced parking lots closer to the site’s original (pre-1960s) topography. Because the site is already a regional destination with an iconic sense of place, Stadium City capitalizes on this strong identity by offering a rejuvenating urbanity that could define a new community. This housing proposal takes into consideration the evolution
of Los Angeles’ density in the last hundred years and its historically additive nature. This trajectory of increasing population density throughout Los Angeles points to a more radical solution to low-lying urbanity—one found in successful city centers from around the globe at the same latitude (thirty four degrees north and south) and climatic zone—cities with a similar iconic center and density. This proposal begins by cov-
ering the entire site with a mat, or blanket, of housing. This blanket responds to the topography of the site by thinning and thickening, thus producing different densities of housing. The types of housing are generated by open space, which varies based on the slope and density of the site. These open spaces, along with other program such as schools and commercial and retail spaces, took the form of voids, which cut into the housing mat.
Stadium City
This approach is not only historically radical in its subtractive versus additive nature, but formally radical as well, in that the result is a reversal of the traditional figure/ ground. By building out to the edges and bringing the open space into the center of the city block in the form of courtyards, this proposal captures under utilized open space from the periphery of a block and makes it usable once again. The resulting courtyards are linked to
one another, creating a pedestrian network that can function independently of roads and traffic. Adding tens-of-thousands of additional people to a difficult site requires series of accessiblity solutions that would ease traffic in and out of the site, satisfy parking needs, and stitch the previously disenfranchised site back to its surrounding communities. The proposal is to create two separate but concurrent systems that func-
tion autonomously but are also inextricably linked. That is, a housing system with its own infrastructure and services (retail and public) and a stadium with its own amenities and a road and rail network. The housing community would benefit from the site’s views and proximity to Elysian Park and downtown without being burdened by stadium traffic and game-goers. These two systems are linked to each other as well as to sur-
rounding communities with infrastructure and schools. The mixed use of the stadium outfield and its overlap with school fields creates an entity that will serve as the city center. The combination of Los Angeles’ urban density with the stadium in a community that is linked by pedestrian green spaces gets us what we call Stadium City.
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Stadium City
96
MAT
VOIDS
CASE STUDIES
PROGRAM
HOUSING
AMENITIES
MOVEMENT
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MAT
After bringing back topography similar to that of pre-stadium Chavez Ravine, this proposal begins by testing how much of the site would be covered if it housed 30,000 people. This housing blanket over the site (targeting an urban, 33-unit-per-acre density) is gridded to half the size of downtown’s grid, and aligned with Figueroa Street and Dodger Stadium. Large programmatic elements—the stadium, retail promenade, and schools—carve tabulated voids into this gridded mat and are later incorporated in the form of the figure/ground. A study of connections and an “optimal” neighborhood walking distance leads to the distribution of neighborhoods.
CHAVEZ RAVINE SITE WORK THROUGHOUT TIME
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1928 SURVEY
1969 SURVEY
CUT FILL
THICKENED MAT
APPROPRIATED GRID
PROPOSED (2006)
CUT FILL
93 BLOCKS ON SITE
CL
98
1
24
32
68 77
60 69
85
61 70
79 86
92
62 71
80 87
72 81
88
89
56
64 73
82
47
55
65 74
83 90
30
38
46
54 63
22 29
37
45
53
21 28
36
44
52
27
35
43
51
78
34
42
50 59
15
20
26
9
14
19
25
33
41
8
13
18
4
7
12
17
3
6
11
16 23
2
5
10
HOUSING MAT
39 48
57 66
75 84
31 40
49 58
67 76
91 93
100 UNITS 600 SQ. FT. FOOTPRINT
CL
DOWNTOWN GRID
50%
+
50%
VILLAGE GREEN
60,000 SQ. FT.
68 ACRES 629 UNITS 9.25 UNITS / ACRE
PHOTOS BY N. CHIAPPA
OPEN SPACE / INFRASTRUCTURE
=
400’ 300’
120,000 SQ. FT.
60,000 SQ. FT.
PARK LA BREA
166 ACRES 4,200 UNITS 25 UNITS / ACRE
HOUSING MAT
SMALL VOIDS
HOUSING MAT (312.5 ACRES)
50 x 50 FT. VOIDS (125 FT. O.C.)
25 x 20 FT. VOIDS (50 FT. O.C.)
SITE ACCESS
FORMATION OF NEIGHBORHOODS 99
PRIMARY ACCESS SECONDARY ACCESS 1/8 MILE RADIUS 1/4 MILE RADIUS
DODGER STADIUM (15 ACRES): HIGH SCHOOL (15 ACRES): MIDDLE SCHOOL (9 ACRES): ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (3 ACRES): ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (3 ACRES):
STADIUM CITY
258 ACRES 8,500 UNITS 33 UNITS / ACRE
NORMANDIE / VERMONT / THIRD ST. / FIFTH ST.
77 ACRES 4,100 UNITS (LOS ANGELES’S DENSEST CENSUS TRACT) 53 UNITS / ACRE
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MAJOR VOIDS
MEDIUM VOIDS
LARGE VOIDS
SLOPES
HOUSING DENSITY
VOIDS volume 4 : Chavez Ravine proposal Stadium City
95 x 100 FT. VOIDS (225 FT. O.C.)
0 - 8.5 DEGREES 8.5 -14 DEGREES 14 - 25 DEGREES
2 STORIES 3 STORIES 4 STORIES
100
The complex shape of the figure/ ground is a result of a systematic subtractive approach. Green spaces are formed by three systems of voids overlaid on the mat and subtracted based on various factors. The sizes and distribution of the
voids were determined by intended program—small voids serving private functions and larger voids for public use and circulation. The medium-sized voids serve the denser areas where the mat was thickened (in the newly excavated valleys); the
COMBINED TEMPLATE
EXTRACTED FIGURES
FIGURE / GROUND
LARGE VOIDS—MEDIUM VOIDS
HIGH SLOPE —LOW DENSITY
SMALL VOIDS—MEDIUM VOIDS
LIGHT DENSITY—HIGH SLOPE
smaller voids are arrayed on the sloped surfaces to accommodate terrace housing and larger homes. As the housing approaches Elysian Park the solid form begins to fray, increasing the surface area and therefore the number of homes
SMALL VOIDS
with direct access to the park. Idiosyncrasies formed in the system, as arterial streets cut through the site to connect to existing traffic flows and as hillside streets disappear or curve to accommodate the excessive slope.
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101 HIGH DENSITY—MODERATE SLOPE
LOS ANGELES, USA
SANTIAGO, CHILE PLAZA DE ARMAS
CÓRDOBA, SPAIN
ISFAHAN, IRAN
LA MEZQUITA
MAIDAN-I-SHAN
ALTERNATE BUILDING TYPE
HOUSING MAT
SHOPPING PASAJES
PLAZA CRACKS
SOUK
CARTESIAN GRID
ALLEYS
HAUSSMANNIAN CUTS
MONUMENTAL VOID
FOUND OBJECT
MONUMENTAL VOID
RETAIL
RESIDENTIAL COMUNES
MOVEMENT
102
ANCHOR
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HOUSING
CASE STUDIES
FIGURE / GROUND
STADIUM CITY
34° N
Other cities of similar latitude and climate, suggest powerful precedents for a particular type of housing that aggregates within cities as over time. With similar weather patterns and geographical environments, these cities serve as important examples of outdoor and 34° S
pedestrian-oriented planning—the ultimate goal of Stadium City. For this study we chose Santiago (Chile), Córdoba (Spain), and Isfahan (Iran) and attempted to seek what makes these cities successful and apply that logic to Stadium City. These precedent studies emphasize key el-
LEGEND:
CHAPARRAL CLIMATIC ZONE
ements in planning Stadium City: housing, retail, vehicular/pedestrian access, green spaces, and iconographic objects/monumental voids. The study shows how each of these elements is incorporated into our city in a same-scale comparison. TEN-DEGREE LATITUDINAL BAND
1900s
The notion of a housing mat that is then cut, or carved out, by programmatic voids is not a new one. Rather it follows the examples of European and Middle Eastern city models represented here. They are a fitting models for a city like
1920s
1960s
Los Angeles. A suburban/urban trend of an increasing built-to-lot-size ratio has pushed the remaining minimal open space to the perimeter, making its use less practical. This proposal suggests a move toward a more effec-
1990s
STADIUM CITY
tive “courtyard housing” model, which allows construction to go to the perimeter, and in turn brings open spaces into the interior of the lot.
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PARKS AND PUBLIC SPACE
PROGRAM
• Elysian Park: 551 acres (127 acres active open space) • 14.5 acre city park • 2.9 acre promenade • 65 commercial plazas
NEIGHBORHOOD SQUARES • 160 pedestrian oriented public squares (approx. 10,000 sq. ft. each) • 13 acres of public school open space
SHARED COURTYARDS
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• 140 semi-private courtyards (approx. 2,500 sq. ft. each)
REGIONAL PROGRAMING • Includes private outdoor retail promenade, stadium, parking garages, and lightrail station • See later pages for more information
LOCAL PROGRAMING • Includes private local retail properties and public school facilities • See later pages for more information
APARTMENTS • Three and four stories • 2,100 units (800 sq. ft., 1 bedroom) • 2,300 units (1,000 sq. ft., 2 bedrooms) • 1,900 units (1,200 sq. ft., 3 bedrooms)
104
PRIVATE GARDENS •1,557 private gardens (500 sq. ft. each)
PRIVATE TERRACES • 521 private terraces (approx. 750 sq. ft. each)
TOTAL GREEN SPACE
CONDOMINIUM (TYPE A) • Two stories • 440 units (1,200 sq. ft., 2 bedrooms) • 440 units (1,800 sq. ft., 3 bedrooms) • 320 units (2,000 sq. ft., 4 bedrooms)
CONDOMINIUM (TYPE B) • Two stories • 360 units (1,200 sq. ft., 2 bedrooms) • 360 units (1,800 sq. ft., 3 bedrooms) • 280 units (2,000 sq. ft., 4 bedrooms)
TOTAL PROGRAM
ENTERTAINMENT/RECREATION
COMMUNITY SPACE
COURTYARD HOUSING • 6,300 total rental units • 74% of total proposed units
GARDEN HOUSING • 1,200 units for sale • 500 sq. ft. private, enclosed garden each unit
TERRACE HOUSING • 1,000 units for sale • 750 sq. ft. private terrace • City or park views
URBAN COMPLEXITY
The subtractive quality of desired green spaces leaves a built footprint of approximately 50% of the site. The voids created become the programmatic drivers and dictate what type of program is associated with them. Green spaces are broken down into five types (public spaces/parks, neighborhood squares, shared courtyards, private terraces, and private gardens). The matrix above shows the associated program and housing that are paired up with each type of green space and the resultant product of these. Public spaces include the stadium outfield and fields associated with schools. The public shopping promenade will link the stadium with parking and the light
rail station. Neighborhood squares tie together the four neighboring schools and communities. This creates a completely pedestrian network devoid of vehicular traffic. Looking back at the housing density diagram, one can see how the densest apartment housing falls within the areas of shared courtyards, which congregate along main local roads and flat areas. Finally, private gardens and terraces are the result of the smallest voids perforating the mat or the space remaining between voids that are sitting on top of the mat—creating terrace housing in the steepest sloped areas.
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HOUSING TERRACE HOUSING
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Private terraces take advantage of the highest sloped areas. These are created where the voids can’t cut into the mat due to slope and dense housing areas.
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COURTYARD HOUSING These semi-private courtyards are shared by a group of apartments and typically occur in the densest housing areas. These are near local retail streets and are located on the flattest areas of our site.
’
GARDEN HOUSING These private gardens are based on the smallest voids cutting the housing mat. They take place throughout the site, particularly on the edges toward Elysian Park and away from the main pedestrian circulation.
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AMENITIES
NEW ELEMENTARY SCHOOL • 900 seats for the newly established north neighborhood • Approximately 70,000 sq. ft. ES
ES
NEW MIDDLE SCHOOL • 1,300 seats for Stadium City and surrounding neighborhoods • Approximately 150,000 sq. ft. MONTECITO DEL LIO POLITTI REC. CENTER
NEW HIGH SCHOOL
POLICE ACADEMY
• 1,400 seats for Stadium City and surrounding neighborhoods • Approximately 240,000 sq. ft.
ELYSIAN PARK REC CENTER
ES ES
CITY PARK / ATHLETIC FIELDS • Full size soccer pitch, 8-lane running track, football field, and amphitheater • 14.5 acres
BARLOW SANATORIUM
HS ES
CHAVEZ RAVINE ARBORETUM
MS
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NEW DODGER STADIUM • Reduced seating capacity (56,000 to 45,000) via removed bleacher seating and improved amenities • Outfield bleachers replaced with sloping amphitheater / picnic area ES
NEW ELEMENTARY SCHOOL • 900 seats for the newly established south
DECOMMISIONED US NAVAL RESERVE
108neighborhood
RS
THE CORNFIELDS
• Approximately 70,000 sq. ft.
LEGEND ES
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
MS
MIDDLE SCHOOL
HS RS
HIGH SCHOOL RELIGIOUS SCHOOL RECREATIONAL SPORTS / ENTERTAINMENT
?
RESIDENTIAL (LOW DENSITY)
ES
ES
RESIDENTIAL (MEDIUM DENSITY)
HS
COMMERCIAL
ALPINE REC. CENTER
INDUSTRIAL
RS
EVANS ADULT SCHOOL
PUBLIC OPEN SPACE
LA COUNTY JAIL
CHINATOWN BRANCH LIBRARY
HILLSIDE
LAUSD HEADQUARTERS DOROTHY CHANDLER PAVILION
CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS
?
LIBRARIES
DISNEY CONCERT HALL
?
CHURCHES ?
PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
MAIN POST OFFICE
?
LA DWP
WATER
CITY, COUNTY, STATE, & FEDERAL OFFICES FEDERAL COURTS
COLBURN SCHOOL OF PERFORMING ARTS MOCA
UNION STATION METROPOLITAN WATER
LA CITY HALL
PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS YMCA
LA CITY COLLEGE
LA CENTRAL LIBRARY
GOLDEN GATE UNIVERSITY
A new community of this size requires infrastructure and amenities to make it function. The zoning diagram places Stadium City within its context and shows how muchneeded amenities are proposed for the site and aid its surrounding neighborhoods. Stadium City is not only connected to the larger L.A. infrastructure by way of a new bridge, LA CONVENTION CENTER
light rail stations, and buses, but it is an integral part of the LA urban fabric. Dodger Stadium and the retail promenade serve as destination points within the city, but Stadium City as a community is stitched tightly with its neighboring communities, attempting to blur the lines between neighborhoods.
NEW GLENDALE STATION
GLENDALE STATION
MOVEMENT
• Connects to Gateway Station and downtown
NEW NORTH PARKING GARAGE • Overflow parking for sporting events and retail promenade • Park n’ Ride facility for downtown commuters
NEW PURPLE LIGHT RAIL LINE • Connects new Glendale Station and Elysian Park to downtown
NEW PURPLE DASH ROUTE • Connects Silver Lake to Union Station via Gateway Station
NEW METRO BUS ROUTES • Connects to existing Sunset Boulevard and 110 Freeway routes
TO PASADENA
STADIUM CITY
NEW GATEWAY STATION
GATEWAY STATION
NEW SOUTH PARKING GARAGE • Connects to new Glendale Station and Downtown via light rail • Connects to Silver Lake and Union Station via Dash
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EXISTING DASH ROUTE EXISTING METRO GOLD LINE CHINATOWN STATION EXISTING METRO BUS ROUTES
CHINATOWN
EXISTING DASH ROUTE
UNION STATION
EXISTING DASH ROUTE
CIVIC CENTER
TO NORTH HOLLYWOOD
EXISTING METRO RED LINE EXISTING DASH ROUTE
7TH ST STATION
PERSHING SQUARE
EXISTING METRO BLUE LINE
HISTORIC DOWNTOWN
PICO/LA CONVENTION CENTER
TO USC
This proposal provides two large parking facilities (accommodating 7,500 cars each), on the periphery and near our site, which would keep stadium-related vehicular traffic completely offsite. These patrons would then arrive at the stadium by foot or light rail. The proposed Purple Line would link the Blue Line in downtown and a proposed Gateway Station.
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• Connects to new Glendale Station and downtown via light rail • Connects to Silver Lake and Union Station via Dash
AMENITIES
STADIUM
• Reduced seats (56,000 to 45,000) • Improved amenities associated with new promenade • Over three million yearly visitors • Estimated $118m yearly revenue
AMPHITHEATER
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Removed outfield bleachers open the stadium to the new city park beyond and the newly mounded earth creates a sloped picnic area to watch games.
GATEWAY 110
The new light rail station and grand staircase serve as the new site gateway. All non-local visitors coming from the parking garages and light rail must pass through this point to enter the retail promenade and stadium.
PROMONTORY The two arms of the promontory feature spectacular downtown views. Bars, cafes, and restaurants line the walk to offset the heavy pre- and post-game traffic and promote onsite nightlife.
RETAIL PROMENADE
• 1.25 million sq. ft. retail space • 125 stores • Estimated 15+ million visitors • Estimated $45 million yearly lease income
LAND AND STADIUM Frank McCourt’s purchase of Dodgers franchise and property Purchase of new land Improvements to Dodger Stadium INFRASTRUCTURE Above ground parking structures (15,000 spaces total) 22 lane miles of new road construction ($600,000/lane miles) Figueroa Street Bridge Earth moving ($2.42/cu. yd. x 2 million cubic yards) SHOPPING 1.25 million sq. ft. regional shopping center (construction cost) PUBLIC AMENITIES Schools (construction cost: 1 high school, 1 middle school, 2 elementary schools) HOUSING Condominiums (construction cost: 2,200 units @ $200/SF) Apartments (construction cost: 6,300 units @ $180/SF) TOTAL EXPENDITURES
COST 430 million 4 million 35 million 338 million 14 million 40 million 5 million 415 million 158 million 665 million 1,126 million 3,193 million
1,400-seat high school • 1,300-seat middle school • Two 900-seat elementary schools •
SCHOOLS DESTINATION AMENITIES The highest-capacity stadium in Major League Baseball, Dodger Stadium should be brought up to speed with the type of stadium model that has been profitable in the last decade—a smaller capacity stadium, with plenty of amenities for before and after games. This activity-centric stadium aids in dispersing the large numbers of people that attend a game throughout a longer period of time, therefore alleviating parking and traffic congestion. The stadium is renovated to accommodate 46,000 people (about 10,000 less than it does now). It is enhanced with skyboxes and other key amenities. Linking it to the parking structure is a shopping promenade filled with restaurants and cafes. The promenade culminates with the new Gateway Station and will link the parking with the stadium.
1.4 million sq. ft. retail space • 200 stores •
LOCAL RETAIL
REVENUE INFRASTRUCTURE Corporate parking revenue ($2/car x 3,000 cars/weekday) SHOPPING Yearly net operating income: (1.06 million leasable sq. ft. x $50/sq. ft. per year) x .85 operating expenses HOUSING Condominium sales Apartment rentals TOTAL REVENUE 5 years 10 years 15 years
2 million
45 million 1,520 million 106 million 2,285 million 3,050 million 3,815 million
* estimated costs and revenues based on similar studies at the time of the project (2004)
BACKGROUND PHOTO BY N. CHIAPPA
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LOCAL AMENITIES Schools are strategically placed to take full advantage of open space behind the stadium. This space becomes a community amenity where activities and gatherings can happen. The schools are also located so that they are within an optimal walking distance of five to ten minutes from most surrounding areas and are accessible from the pedestrian network. Local retail includes approximately 200 stores (restaurants, pharmacies, bars, supermarkets, bookstores, dry cleaners, entertainment stores). This total was gathered from studying similarly sized communities and their percentage breakdown of types of stores (based on an estimated seven stores per 1,000 people).
MOVEMENT
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION
NEW FREEWAY ACCESS This new high-speed ramp to the 110 Freeway sits on the hillside above Solano Canyon and connects the site’s arterial roads to the larger downtown network.
FIGUEROA BRIDGE
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This new bridge extends Figueroa Street directly on to the site, enhancing the connection between the site and downtown.
112 ELYSIAN PARK ACCESS The pedestrian circulation grid connects to Elysian Park and its recreational amenities at various points.
AMENITIES ACCESS The pedestrian circulation grid connects to the various site amenities— stadium, promenade, park, schools, and retail—at many points, promoting pedestrian interaction.
SEPARATE SYSTEMS The pedestrian and vehicular circulation systems have been separated as much as possible to enhance the walking experience throughout the site.
CHINATOWN ACCESS The pedestrian circulation system connects to an existing bridge over the 110 Freeway to Yale Street and Chinatown.
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION
PROGRAMMATIC STACKING
LOCAL PARKING
HOUSING PARKING RETAIL PARKING
NORTH / SOUTH SECTION SOLANO CANYON
MIDDLE SCHOOL
PUBLIC TRANSIT ACCESS NORTH GARAGE This massive ten-story, 7,500-car parking garage serves as overflow parking for the stadium and retail promenade and with easy access to both the 5 and 2 Freeways, as a Park n’ Ride facility for downtown commuters.
GARAGE LINK This new light rail connects the North Garage (via the new Glendale Station) to the South Garage and the new Gateway Station.
SOUTH GARAGE This massive ten-story, 7,500-car garage serves as primary parking for the stadium and promenade. It (like the North Garage) tucks into a natural indentation of the hillside.
GATEWAY STATION This new light-rail station serves as the primary entry point to the site and as a circulation nexus for public transit, vehicular, and pedestrian traffic.
DOWNTOWN LINK This new light-rail line connects to downtown, terminating at the Seventh Street Station.
VEHICULAR HIERARCHY FREEWAYS ARTERIAL COLLECTOR LOCAL
PEDESTRIAN DENSITY HEAVY MEDIUM LIGHT
MOVEMENT HIERARCHY
ACCESS SEPARATION
UTILIZATION OF SLOPE
PROMENADE
TERRACE HOUSING
FIGUEROA TUNNEL
AMPHITHEATER
STADIUM
SHOPPING PROMENADE
STATION
FIGUEROA BRIDGE
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SEPARATE SYSTEMS Vehicular circulation and pedestrian circulation are purposely kept separate to alleviate the complexity of a community engaging a main entertainment destination. After studying scenarios of numbers of people on the site at different times of the day, it was necessary to create a system that would keep game-goers on foot and non-residential traffic offsite. This is achieved by new access points and parking garages, as well as by an efficient light-rail connector. A closer study of the vehicular hierarchy of and around our site and an estimated pedestrian use/ density of our site further supports the potential success of separating both of these systems.
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Chavez Pass
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80 stadium
parks
housing
conceptual planning
urban context
sections
problem Downtown Los Angeles, a major pulse of the city, houses the art community, the cultural corridor, the convention center, the financial center, the business district, the civic powerhouse, and the manufacturing district. Even with such an intense urban fabric, the city lacks the housing thread that binds a city together. The heavily charged city at day turns into a desolated ghost town for the homeless and crime. The lack of housing units in downtown is driving people out into the outskirt of the city to live. When the entire workforce of a city tries to discharge itself through its limited infrastructure within a relatively small window of time, it is inevitable that traffic congestion would take place. The existing capacity of road infrastructures is not large enough to handle the extreme volume of cars without delays. It is quite evident that within a few years, Los Angeles will have to increase housing levels to match the projected population growth. Our proposal for the placement of new housing complexes in Chavez Ravine and the relocation of Dodger Stadium to downtown Los Angeles will not only solve the housing crunch but will also help ease traffic congestion; two major problems that have been placed on the side for too long. The research proposes new urban housing, Chavez Pass, to both rejuvenate downtown Los Angeles and alleviate traffic conditions on the freeways.
This research takes an alternative look at urban planning. The process includes the investigation of modes of adaptation and the mediation of organizational structure that give rise to emergent forms. The emergent flows provide for a predominance of fluid space over static location. Furthermore, these flows provide the networked urban links and interdependencies and imply the capability of change over time. The idea of temporal urbanization networks multiple linkages generating overlapping. Through the overlapping, it forges new collaborative groupings and zones of interrelated modes of adaptation.
proposal Major components of the proposal include 10,000 units of housing for 35,000 people, a comprehensive school, a retail/commercial center, the activation of Elysian Park, and the extension of Figueroa Street. The most influential flows of the site include the Spanish grid of downtown, the greens of Elysian Park, the topography of the site and the freeway system. The first emergent flow of line generated was the extension of Figueroa Street from downtown through the site, linking to the Freeway. The Figueroa connection provides the urban link and interdependency for site. The infrastructure grid then fuses with Elysian Park and the Spanish grid. On the infrastructure grid are the housing components. The two housing typologies include a curvilinear ribbon typology [fifteen stories] and a linear bar typology [one-four stories]. The ribbon typology emerging from Elysian Park take dominates the north end and slowly dissipates moving south. The ribbon typology also bridges residential blocks to serve as a connection mechanism. The bar typology is derived from the Spanish grid system. While it dominates the downtown edge, it slowly dissolves into the landscape. The bar typology also projects into the park to serve as a connection between the residential community and the park. This strata system of two housing typologies creates overlapping of zones that reveal pockets of open space. The park is a gift to the city, as it reactivates Elysian Park by providing an additional of 3,700,000 square feet of active park. The park is threaded with zones of activity passage, gathering, focus, tranquility, and learning and interlaced with zones of game/leisure.
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Continuous change is the only thing constant in contemporary urban culture. However, current urban planning involves the prescriptive method of predictability and determinable control, implying the control of space and time. With ongoing changes and multiple futures, this method seems inept.
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Chavez Pass
process
urban context
Chavez Pass concept
Los Angeles Downtown
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Chavez Pass
Figueroa Express
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2004
Los Angeles
3,912,200
people 11.5 persons / acre
2002 2000
1990
3,798,981 people 3,694,820 people
new Dodger Stadium
3,485,398 people
1980
2,966,850 people
1970
1960
2,816,061 people
1950
2,479,015 people
1,970,358 people
1940
1,504,277 people
1930
1,238,048 people
1920
576,700 people
1900
102,500 people
1850 1800
population (top 5 North America) Los Angeles – Long Beach – Santa Ana 11,789,487 people >> 7,068.3 persons/sq. mi. Toronto 366,508 people
proposal:
>> 6,835.2 persons/sq. mi.
San Francisco – Oakland 3,228,605 people >> 6,130.4 persons/sq. mi. San Jose 1,538,312 people >> 5,914.1 persons/sq. mi. New York – Newark 17,799,861 people >> 5,309.3 persons/sq. mi.
1,610 people 315 people
10,000 public housing for downtwon L.A.
case studies Culver City population
West Hollywood
38,816
35,716
land area 3200 acres population density 12.13 persons/acre
1210 acres 29.51 persons/acre
park 13 (88 acres) area/person 98.75 sq. ft./person
4(16.97 acres) 20.69 sq. ft./person
total amenities
212 (100%)
248 (100%)
stores
61 (28.8%)
114 (45.9%)
eateries
50 (23.6%)
75 (30.3%)
main supermarkets
3
5
case study
city case study
urban context
city case study
Elysian Park
Chavez Pass residential 35,000 people 10,000 families 133 persons/acre
proposal:
junction to 5 Freeway proposal:
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Chavez Pass
Figueroa Bridge
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proposal:
Chinatown Bridge
proposal:
tunnel
Chinatown
and Solano Canyon
Echo Park
Park La brea
Chavez Pass
25,006
30,577
7,722
35,000
215.8 acres 115.9 persons/acre
233.9 acres 130.7 persons/acre
160 acres48.26 persons/acre
263 acres 133 persons/acre
1 -
1 (31 acres) 51 sq. ft./person
1 (28.26 acres) 159.4 sq. ft./person
255 (100%)
235 (100%)
137 (100%)
New Elysian (705 acres) 877 sq. ft./person
232 (91%)
131(56%)
130 (94.9%)
71 (27%)
95 (42%)
48 (35%)
1
1
2
neighbor community residential project
160 (26,200 sq.ft) 29 (18%) 71 (35%) 3
site
figure-ground map
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Chavez Pass
urban context
0 0
100ft
500ft
1000f
1/3mile
1/2mile
1 mile
urban context
zoning connections diagram
Figueroa Street: the connective spline
Elysian Park
Chavez Pass
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Cultural Corridor Financial Core
housing area
Civic Center Arts District
Jewelry District
Chavez Ravine Figueroa Terrace Solano Canyon Alpine Hill
entertainment district
Flower District
Toy District
active area Elysian park West Village East Village
South Park Fashion District
Warehouse District
Chinatown Civic Center Cultural Corridor Financial Core Sport City
These two maps of downtown give a brief overview of the larger context of the given problem. The map on the left is a figure-ground view which shows how the project transitions from the hills of Elysian Park into the Chavez Pass development, then continues to downtown Los Angeles via the proposed Figueroa Bridge connection. Finally, the scope of the design terminates at the new Dodger Stadium location in the Entertainment District, which is within the residential area of South Park. The map above illustrates the different parts of downtown and adjacent areas of Elysian Park that the Chavez Pass project has to incorporate and ultimately connect.
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Chinatown
Chavez Pass
F i g u e ro a Terrace
urban context
grid dynamics
5F
ree
wa
y
Sc
ott
W. S
Extension
Bend Elysian Park
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st
ad
iu
m
wa
y
ee
Elysian Park
in
Fr
wa
Ma
1
g
rin
Sp
Hill
N.
10
y
W. C o
llege
Alp
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new grid Ord
pedestrian grid
Ces
ar C
Sp
rin
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Figueroa Express
Alameda
city grid tunnel
Te m
bridge
1s
y
freeway 0 11
freeway exit
a ew
t
e
Fr
5th 6th
ay
10 Freew
9th
Ol
ym
Fi gu er o Fl ow a e r Ho Gr pe an d Br oa Hi l dw l a Ma y in
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City Grids
set
no Sola
Chavez Pass
un
pic
Pi
co
17
th
To create the framework for the new development at Elysian Park, the site pulls in the existing urban fabric from adjacent districts. To the east, the site incorporates Solano Canyon and Chinatown, not only by using the existing grid but also constructing new connections over the 101 Freeway. To the south, the most important connection is made with Figueroa Street, connecting the site directly to downtown through Alpine Hill. To the west, connection is made to the everyday amenities of Echo Park.
4th
ple
hav
ez
Broadway
conceptual planning
programming and open space
parking: 4,750,000 sq. ft. = 19,000 stalls residential parking commercial parking park parking
school 800,000 sq. ft. activity center 9000 sq. ft. business center - 3 jogging path 2.1 mile sport grounds
12-15 Stories
ribbon housing
amenities
5 Stories 4 Stories 3 Stories 2 Stories
Residential west: 9,000 sq. ft. east: 225,000 sq. ft.
surface parking housing parking: 4,750,000 sq. ft. = 19,000 stalls amenities parking: 450,000 sq. ft. = 1,800 stalls
general public retail and commercial Center: 3,000 sq. ft. park amenities: 25,000 sq. ft.
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commercial
underground parking
active park
open space type 1:
open space type 2:
open spacetype 3:
open space type 4:
open space type 5:
3,700,00 sq. ft. open spaces
public garden
private garden
landscape area
hardscape
parks and sports fields
The diagrams above show the complexity of the site’s zones and uses. The goal of this project was not only to create a self-sustaining community, but also to offer the greater population the amenity of Elysian Park by making Chavez Pass a destination and helping to rejuvenate the downtown area by giving residents quick access to nature and active parks. In addition to the active parks, the site planning also introduces a series of retail and commercial nodes within Chavez Pass. This is once again to provide amenities to the residents and daily commuters of Chavez Pass, but also to residents of nearby downtown Los Angeles with a secondary amenity structure. The diagram also depicts the use of infrastructure to develop a secondary framework (the first being the existing city grids) for the design of the project. The first in this series are larger residential blocks that also house retail and follow the topography to traverse the site. The second system are medium sized residential buildings the branch out from the larger buildings helping to create smaller neighborhoods.
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bar housing
Chavez Pass
double bay for 3+ stories buildings single bay for 1-2 stories buildings
housing
housing sections
step1: Figueroa Express divides the site into three parts
step 3: housing density switches from urban to natural
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step1: maximum housing with city grid
park 5400 ft
4500 ft
3600 ft
2700 ft
1800 ft
900 ft 0 ft
urban
downtown L.A.
housing
housing process
step 4: topology
step 5: hillside high-rise housing
step 6: combination
bar housing
central park
ribbon housing
school
bar housing
Figueroa Bridge
West Village
Chinatown Complex
Central Park
Chavez Pass residential
East Village
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Chavez Pass
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park
new Elysian park
active Zone
active zone 90
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Chavez Pass
active zone
central park activezone
active zone
activity center
active zone
school
Cornfield Art Project
park+landscape active zone: open space for activity softscape: landscape hardscape: playgrounds, yards, courses and parking buildings: schools & activity center
new Elysian Park
current Elysian Park
new Elysian
active zone 214.3 acres
area active zone families people area/person bike trail jogging way parking
705 acres 214.3 acres 10,000 35,000 877 sq. ft./person 2.7 miles 2.2 miles 1,800
=2.9 current Elysian
active zone 73.2 acres
area active zone jogging path bike trail families
705 acres 73.2 acres 0 0 288
park
Chavez Pass central park
pedestrian promenade yards pedestrian pathways parks pedestrian pathways bike path jogging path pedestrian bridges
vehicular access and parking Local entrance Vehicular paths Public parking Vehicular bridges
current Elysian Park softscape active zone public park parking stadium Cornfield Art Project
central park zoning zone of game/leisure: play, compete, and entertain zone of passage: course movement zone of gathering: meeting, crossing and intersection zone of focus: gathering zone of tranquility: serenity, peace, and silence zone of learning: educational centers
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Chavez Pass
Freeway connections
stadium
new Dodger Stadium
110 Freeway
F
Dash route F collects passengers from Chavez Pass, Exposition, and USC.
C
Dash route C collects passengers from adjacent surface lots.
D
Dash route D collects passengers from Union Station, which serves Pasadena (Gold Line), San Fernando Valley (Red Line), and MetroLink lines running from Simi Valley to Orange County.
F
1
2
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3
Downtown Dodger Stadium Transit Hub would combine the Blue Line’s Pico Station with multiple bus routes at street level.
4
Long Beach passengersarrive on the Blue Line & South Bay/Inglewood residents via the Green Line.
5
Grand Avenue Station
6
existing Grand Hope Park
C
1
6
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8 7 2
2 1 1
3
9
1
1 1
D
The grey represents large existing surface lots within walking distance of the stadium or Dash lines to the area. The new public park becomes integrated with the ballpark, retail, and residential buildings to serve the immediate downtown area.
downtown Dodger Stadium: capacity 35,000 Staples Center capacity: 20,000/18,500 9
4 5
10 Freeway
0 0
100ft
500ft
1000f
1/3mile
1/2mile
1 mile
The placement of the stadium in the South Park area of downtown was chosen for several reasons: Accessibility by multiple modes of transit, adjacency to similar functions for shared use, and placement with minor disruption to existing infrastructure. As the diagram shows above, the stadium can now be accessed from a greater distance through multiple modes of transportation. The Metro Rail system will now bring people from Long Beach and the South Bay via the Blue and Green lines as well as from Montclair and Pasadena via the Gold Line. Additionally, the MetroLink system, which serves from Simi Valley and Ventura County to Orange County, can be utilized though Union Station connections. On a more local scale, the location of the new stadium takes advantage of the downtown Dash shuttle system, connecting the stadium to nearby surface lots, Union Station for long–distance connections, and the new Chavez Pass development at Elysian Park.
Los Angeles Convention Center 720,000 sq. ft. of exhibition space
110 Freeway
new stadium programming 10 Freeway Transit
Stadium
Park Offices
Retail
Eat/Drink
Eat/Drink
Retail
Living
Parking
Offices
P
Eat/Drink
Park
Park
Eat/Drink
Retail
Living
Living
Parking
P
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Eat/Drink
Chavez Pass
D 3
2
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C
F
8
6
110 Freeway
As the ballpark investigates the Entertainment District of downtown Los Angeles, the stadium is also able to share uses with the adjacent Staples Center and Convention Center by providing parking structures and a transit hub which organizes the transit routes to and from the new district. The end location of the ballpark was refined by the proximity of different downtown infrastructure such as gas stations, DASH routes, traffic patterns, and the rail line. Institutional buildings in South Park, such as the Methodist Church or the Museum of Neon Art, were also considered when making the decision.
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The lights come up on the outfield as the sun sets behind the silhouette of Los Angeles. The crowd cheers for the home team. Friends and neighbors surround you. You take your kids here. This is the place where they grew up. You can look down to the fields past the outfield and remember their soccer games on Saturday mornings. You’re a moment’s commute via light rail to the place where you work. You can walk to buy groceries. You don’t have to wait in line to leave the game. You don’t have to fight traffic to get home. This isn’t just your home team. It’s your home town. Welcome to a redefined Los Angeles. Welcome to Stadium City.
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As Los Angeles continues to evolve, the need to provide adequate housing is even more essential. With an opportunity to explore new housing solutions for Chavez Ravine, this proposal looks to the site’s controversial past. Previous research suggested that the most appropriate solution to the deserted hilltop would be a mixed-use community that is self-sufficient but with strong connections to its surroundings. To augment the al-
ready spectacular views from the site and alleviate difficult access to the site, this proposal regrades the terraced parking lots closer to the site’s original (pre-1960s) topography. Because the site is already a regional destination with an iconic sense of place, Stadium City capitalizes on this strong identity by offering a rejuvenating urbanity that could define a new community. This housing proposal takes into consideration the evolution
of Los Angeles’ density in the last hundred years and its historically additive nature. This trajectory of increasing population density throughout Los Angeles points to a more radical solution to low-lying urbanity—one found in successful city centers from around the globe at the same latitude (thirty four degrees north and south) and climatic zone—cities with a similar iconic center and density. This proposal begins by cov-
ering the entire site with a mat, or blanket, of housing. This blanket responds to the topography of the site by thinning and thickening, thus producing different densities of housing. The types of housing are generated by open space, which varies based on the slope and density of the site. These open spaces, along with other program such as schools and commercial and retail spaces, took the form of voids, which cut into the housing mat.
Stadium City
This approach is not only historically radical in its subtractive versus additive nature, but formally radical as well, in that the result is a reversal of the traditional figure/ ground. By building out to the edges and bringing the open space into the center of the city block in the form of courtyards, this proposal captures under utilized open space from the periphery of a block and makes it usable once again. The resulting courtyards are linked to
one another, creating a pedestrian network that can function independently of roads and traffic. Adding tens-of-thousands of additional people to a difficult site requires series of accessiblity solutions that would ease traffic in and out of the site, satisfy parking needs, and stitch the previously disenfranchised site back to its surrounding communities. The proposal is to create two separate but concurrent systems that func-
tion autonomously but are also inextricably linked. That is, a housing system with its own infrastructure and services (retail and public) and a stadium with its own amenities and a road and rail network. The housing community would benefit from the site’s views and proximity to Elysian Park and downtown without being burdened by stadium traffic and game-goers. These two systems are linked to each other as well as to sur-
rounding communities with infrastructure and schools. The mixed use of the stadium outfield and its overlap with school fields creates an entity that will serve as the city center. The combination of Los Angeles’ urban density with the stadium in a community that is linked by pedestrian green spaces gets us what we call Stadium City.
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95
volume 4 : Chavez Ravine proposal Stadium City
Stadium City
96
MAT
VOIDS
CASE STUDIES
PROGRAM
HOUSING
AMENITIES
MOVEMENT
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97
MAT
After bringing back topography similar to that of pre-stadium Chavez Ravine, this proposal begins by testing how much of the site would be covered if it housed 30,000 people. This housing blanket over the site (targeting an urban, 33-unit-per-acre density) is gridded to half the size of downtown’s grid, and aligned with Figueroa Street and Dodger Stadium. Large programmatic elements—the stadium, retail promenade, and schools—carve tabulated voids into this gridded mat and are later incorporated in the form of the figure/ground. A study of connections and an “optimal” neighborhood walking distance leads to the distribution of neighborhoods.
CHAVEZ RAVINE SITE WORK THROUGHOUT TIME
volume 4 : Chavez Ravine proposal Stadium City
1928 SURVEY
1969 SURVEY
CUT FILL
THICKENED MAT
APPROPRIATED GRID
PROPOSED (2006)
CUT FILL
93 BLOCKS ON SITE
CL
98
1
24
32
68 77
60 69
85
61 70
79 86
92
62 71
80 87
72 81
88
89
56
64 73
82
47
55
65 74
83 90
30
38
46
54 63
22 29
37
45
53
21 28
36
44
52
27
35
43
51
78
34
42
50 59
15
20
26
9
14
19
25
33
41
8
13
18
4
7
12
17
3
6
11
16 23
2
5
10
HOUSING MAT
39 48
57 66
75 84
31 40
49 58
67 76
91 93
100 UNITS 600 SQ. FT. FOOTPRINT
CL
DOWNTOWN GRID
50%
+
50%
VILLAGE GREEN
60,000 SQ. FT.
68 ACRES 629 UNITS 9.25 UNITS / ACRE
PHOTOS BY N. CHIAPPA
OPEN SPACE / INFRASTRUCTURE
=
400’ 300’
120,000 SQ. FT.
60,000 SQ. FT.
PARK LA BREA
166 ACRES 4,200 UNITS 25 UNITS / ACRE
HOUSING MAT
SMALL VOIDS
HOUSING MAT (312.5 ACRES)
50 x 50 FT. VOIDS (125 FT. O.C.)
25 x 20 FT. VOIDS (50 FT. O.C.)
SITE ACCESS
FORMATION OF NEIGHBORHOODS 99
PRIMARY ACCESS SECONDARY ACCESS 1/8 MILE RADIUS 1/4 MILE RADIUS
DODGER STADIUM (15 ACRES): HIGH SCHOOL (15 ACRES): MIDDLE SCHOOL (9 ACRES): ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (3 ACRES): ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (3 ACRES):
STADIUM CITY
258 ACRES 8,500 UNITS 33 UNITS / ACRE
NORMANDIE / VERMONT / THIRD ST. / FIFTH ST.
77 ACRES 4,100 UNITS (LOS ANGELES’S DENSEST CENSUS TRACT) 53 UNITS / ACRE
volume 4 : Chavez Ravine proposal Stadium City
MAJOR VOIDS
MEDIUM VOIDS
LARGE VOIDS
SLOPES
HOUSING DENSITY
VOIDS volume 4 : Chavez Ravine proposal Stadium City
95 x 100 FT. VOIDS (225 FT. O.C.)
0 - 8.5 DEGREES 8.5 -14 DEGREES 14 - 25 DEGREES
2 STORIES 3 STORIES 4 STORIES
100
The complex shape of the figure/ ground is a result of a systematic subtractive approach. Green spaces are formed by three systems of voids overlaid on the mat and subtracted based on various factors. The sizes and distribution of the
voids were determined by intended program—small voids serving private functions and larger voids for public use and circulation. The medium-sized voids serve the denser areas where the mat was thickened (in the newly excavated valleys); the
COMBINED TEMPLATE
EXTRACTED FIGURES
FIGURE / GROUND
LARGE VOIDS—MEDIUM VOIDS
HIGH SLOPE —LOW DENSITY
SMALL VOIDS—MEDIUM VOIDS
LIGHT DENSITY—HIGH SLOPE
smaller voids are arrayed on the sloped surfaces to accommodate terrace housing and larger homes. As the housing approaches Elysian Park the solid form begins to fray, increasing the surface area and therefore the number of homes
SMALL VOIDS
with direct access to the park. Idiosyncrasies formed in the system, as arterial streets cut through the site to connect to existing traffic flows and as hillside streets disappear or curve to accommodate the excessive slope.
volume 4 : Chavez Ravine proposal Stadium City
101 HIGH DENSITY—MODERATE SLOPE
LOS ANGELES, USA
SANTIAGO, CHILE PLAZA DE ARMAS
CÓRDOBA, SPAIN
ISFAHAN, IRAN
LA MEZQUITA
MAIDAN-I-SHAN
ALTERNATE BUILDING TYPE
HOUSING MAT
SHOPPING PASAJES
PLAZA CRACKS
SOUK
CARTESIAN GRID
ALLEYS
HAUSSMANNIAN CUTS
MONUMENTAL VOID
FOUND OBJECT
MONUMENTAL VOID
RETAIL
RESIDENTIAL COMUNES
MOVEMENT
102
ANCHOR
volume 4 : Chavez Ravine proposal Stadium City
HOUSING
CASE STUDIES
FIGURE / GROUND
STADIUM CITY
34° N
Other cities of similar latitude and climate, suggest powerful precedents for a particular type of housing that aggregates within cities as over time. With similar weather patterns and geographical environments, these cities serve as important examples of outdoor and 34° S
pedestrian-oriented planning—the ultimate goal of Stadium City. For this study we chose Santiago (Chile), Córdoba (Spain), and Isfahan (Iran) and attempted to seek what makes these cities successful and apply that logic to Stadium City. These precedent studies emphasize key el-
LEGEND:
CHAPARRAL CLIMATIC ZONE
ements in planning Stadium City: housing, retail, vehicular/pedestrian access, green spaces, and iconographic objects/monumental voids. The study shows how each of these elements is incorporated into our city in a same-scale comparison. TEN-DEGREE LATITUDINAL BAND
1900s
The notion of a housing mat that is then cut, or carved out, by programmatic voids is not a new one. Rather it follows the examples of European and Middle Eastern city models represented here. They are a fitting models for a city like
1920s
1960s
Los Angeles. A suburban/urban trend of an increasing built-to-lot-size ratio has pushed the remaining minimal open space to the perimeter, making its use less practical. This proposal suggests a move toward a more effec-
1990s
STADIUM CITY
tive “courtyard housing” model, which allows construction to go to the perimeter, and in turn brings open spaces into the interior of the lot.
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103
PARKS AND PUBLIC SPACE
PROGRAM
• Elysian Park: 551 acres (127 acres active open space) • 14.5 acre city park • 2.9 acre promenade • 65 commercial plazas
NEIGHBORHOOD SQUARES • 160 pedestrian oriented public squares (approx. 10,000 sq. ft. each) • 13 acres of public school open space
SHARED COURTYARDS
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• 140 semi-private courtyards (approx. 2,500 sq. ft. each)
REGIONAL PROGRAMING • Includes private outdoor retail promenade, stadium, parking garages, and lightrail station • See later pages for more information
LOCAL PROGRAMING • Includes private local retail properties and public school facilities • See later pages for more information
APARTMENTS • Three and four stories • 2,100 units (800 sq. ft., 1 bedroom) • 2,300 units (1,000 sq. ft., 2 bedrooms) • 1,900 units (1,200 sq. ft., 3 bedrooms)
104
PRIVATE GARDENS •1,557 private gardens (500 sq. ft. each)
PRIVATE TERRACES • 521 private terraces (approx. 750 sq. ft. each)
TOTAL GREEN SPACE
CONDOMINIUM (TYPE A) • Two stories • 440 units (1,200 sq. ft., 2 bedrooms) • 440 units (1,800 sq. ft., 3 bedrooms) • 320 units (2,000 sq. ft., 4 bedrooms)
CONDOMINIUM (TYPE B) • Two stories • 360 units (1,200 sq. ft., 2 bedrooms) • 360 units (1,800 sq. ft., 3 bedrooms) • 280 units (2,000 sq. ft., 4 bedrooms)
TOTAL PROGRAM
ENTERTAINMENT/RECREATION
COMMUNITY SPACE
COURTYARD HOUSING • 6,300 total rental units • 74% of total proposed units
GARDEN HOUSING • 1,200 units for sale • 500 sq. ft. private, enclosed garden each unit
TERRACE HOUSING • 1,000 units for sale • 750 sq. ft. private terrace • City or park views
URBAN COMPLEXITY
The subtractive quality of desired green spaces leaves a built footprint of approximately 50% of the site. The voids created become the programmatic drivers and dictate what type of program is associated with them. Green spaces are broken down into five types (public spaces/parks, neighborhood squares, shared courtyards, private terraces, and private gardens). The matrix above shows the associated program and housing that are paired up with each type of green space and the resultant product of these. Public spaces include the stadium outfield and fields associated with schools. The public shopping promenade will link the stadium with parking and the light
rail station. Neighborhood squares tie together the four neighboring schools and communities. This creates a completely pedestrian network devoid of vehicular traffic. Looking back at the housing density diagram, one can see how the densest apartment housing falls within the areas of shared courtyards, which congregate along main local roads and flat areas. Finally, private gardens and terraces are the result of the smallest voids perforating the mat or the space remaining between voids that are sitting on top of the mat—creating terrace housing in the steepest sloped areas.
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105
HOUSING TERRACE HOUSING
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Private terraces take advantage of the highest sloped areas. These are created where the voids can’t cut into the mat due to slope and dense housing areas.
106
COURTYARD HOUSING These semi-private courtyards are shared by a group of apartments and typically occur in the densest housing areas. These are near local retail streets and are located on the flattest areas of our site.
’
GARDEN HOUSING These private gardens are based on the smallest voids cutting the housing mat. They take place throughout the site, particularly on the edges toward Elysian Park and away from the main pedestrian circulation.
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107
AMENITIES
NEW ELEMENTARY SCHOOL • 900 seats for the newly established north neighborhood • Approximately 70,000 sq. ft. ES
ES
NEW MIDDLE SCHOOL • 1,300 seats for Stadium City and surrounding neighborhoods • Approximately 150,000 sq. ft. MONTECITO DEL LIO POLITTI REC. CENTER
NEW HIGH SCHOOL
POLICE ACADEMY
• 1,400 seats for Stadium City and surrounding neighborhoods • Approximately 240,000 sq. ft.
ELYSIAN PARK REC CENTER
ES ES
CITY PARK / ATHLETIC FIELDS • Full size soccer pitch, 8-lane running track, football field, and amphitheater • 14.5 acres
BARLOW SANATORIUM
HS ES
CHAVEZ RAVINE ARBORETUM
MS
volume 4 : Chavez Ravine proposal Stadium City
NEW DODGER STADIUM • Reduced seating capacity (56,000 to 45,000) via removed bleacher seating and improved amenities • Outfield bleachers replaced with sloping amphitheater / picnic area ES
NEW ELEMENTARY SCHOOL • 900 seats for the newly established south
DECOMMISIONED US NAVAL RESERVE
108neighborhood
RS
THE CORNFIELDS
• Approximately 70,000 sq. ft.
LEGEND ES
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
MS
MIDDLE SCHOOL
HS RS
HIGH SCHOOL RELIGIOUS SCHOOL RECREATIONAL SPORTS / ENTERTAINMENT
?
RESIDENTIAL (LOW DENSITY)
ES
ES
RESIDENTIAL (MEDIUM DENSITY)
HS
COMMERCIAL
ALPINE REC. CENTER
INDUSTRIAL
RS
EVANS ADULT SCHOOL
PUBLIC OPEN SPACE
LA COUNTY JAIL
CHINATOWN BRANCH LIBRARY
HILLSIDE
LAUSD HEADQUARTERS DOROTHY CHANDLER PAVILION
CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS
?
LIBRARIES
DISNEY CONCERT HALL
?
CHURCHES ?
PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
MAIN POST OFFICE
?
LA DWP
WATER
CITY, COUNTY, STATE, & FEDERAL OFFICES FEDERAL COURTS
COLBURN SCHOOL OF PERFORMING ARTS MOCA
UNION STATION METROPOLITAN WATER
LA CITY HALL
PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS YMCA
LA CITY COLLEGE
LA CENTRAL LIBRARY
GOLDEN GATE UNIVERSITY
A new community of this size requires infrastructure and amenities to make it function. The zoning diagram places Stadium City within its context and shows how muchneeded amenities are proposed for the site and aid its surrounding neighborhoods. Stadium City is not only connected to the larger L.A. infrastructure by way of a new bridge, LA CONVENTION CENTER
light rail stations, and buses, but it is an integral part of the LA urban fabric. Dodger Stadium and the retail promenade serve as destination points within the city, but Stadium City as a community is stitched tightly with its neighboring communities, attempting to blur the lines between neighborhoods.
NEW GLENDALE STATION
GLENDALE STATION
MOVEMENT
• Connects to Gateway Station and downtown
NEW NORTH PARKING GARAGE • Overflow parking for sporting events and retail promenade • Park n’ Ride facility for downtown commuters
NEW PURPLE LIGHT RAIL LINE • Connects new Glendale Station and Elysian Park to downtown
NEW PURPLE DASH ROUTE • Connects Silver Lake to Union Station via Gateway Station
NEW METRO BUS ROUTES • Connects to existing Sunset Boulevard and 110 Freeway routes
TO PASADENA
STADIUM CITY
NEW GATEWAY STATION
GATEWAY STATION
NEW SOUTH PARKING GARAGE • Connects to new Glendale Station and Downtown via light rail • Connects to Silver Lake and Union Station via Dash
109
EXISTING DASH ROUTE EXISTING METRO GOLD LINE CHINATOWN STATION EXISTING METRO BUS ROUTES
CHINATOWN
EXISTING DASH ROUTE
UNION STATION
EXISTING DASH ROUTE
CIVIC CENTER
TO NORTH HOLLYWOOD
EXISTING METRO RED LINE EXISTING DASH ROUTE
7TH ST STATION
PERSHING SQUARE
EXISTING METRO BLUE LINE
HISTORIC DOWNTOWN
PICO/LA CONVENTION CENTER
TO USC
This proposal provides two large parking facilities (accommodating 7,500 cars each), on the periphery and near our site, which would keep stadium-related vehicular traffic completely offsite. These patrons would then arrive at the stadium by foot or light rail. The proposed Purple Line would link the Blue Line in downtown and a proposed Gateway Station.
volume 4 : Chavez Ravine proposal Stadium City
• Connects to new Glendale Station and downtown via light rail • Connects to Silver Lake and Union Station via Dash
AMENITIES
STADIUM
• Reduced seats (56,000 to 45,000) • Improved amenities associated with new promenade • Over three million yearly visitors • Estimated $118m yearly revenue
AMPHITHEATER
volume 4 : Chavez Ravine proposal Stadium City
Removed outfield bleachers open the stadium to the new city park beyond and the newly mounded earth creates a sloped picnic area to watch games.
GATEWAY 110
The new light rail station and grand staircase serve as the new site gateway. All non-local visitors coming from the parking garages and light rail must pass through this point to enter the retail promenade and stadium.
PROMONTORY The two arms of the promontory feature spectacular downtown views. Bars, cafes, and restaurants line the walk to offset the heavy pre- and post-game traffic and promote onsite nightlife.
RETAIL PROMENADE
• 1.25 million sq. ft. retail space • 125 stores • Estimated 15+ million visitors • Estimated $45 million yearly lease income
LAND AND STADIUM Frank McCourt’s purchase of Dodgers franchise and property Purchase of new land Improvements to Dodger Stadium INFRASTRUCTURE Above ground parking structures (15,000 spaces total) 22 lane miles of new road construction ($600,000/lane miles) Figueroa Street Bridge Earth moving ($2.42/cu. yd. x 2 million cubic yards) SHOPPING 1.25 million sq. ft. regional shopping center (construction cost) PUBLIC AMENITIES Schools (construction cost: 1 high school, 1 middle school, 2 elementary schools) HOUSING Condominiums (construction cost: 2,200 units @ $200/SF) Apartments (construction cost: 6,300 units @ $180/SF) TOTAL EXPENDITURES
COST 430 million 4 million 35 million 338 million 14 million 40 million 5 million 415 million 158 million 665 million 1,126 million 3,193 million
1,400-seat high school • 1,300-seat middle school • Two 900-seat elementary schools •
SCHOOLS DESTINATION AMENITIES The highest-capacity stadium in Major League Baseball, Dodger Stadium should be brought up to speed with the type of stadium model that has been profitable in the last decade—a smaller capacity stadium, with plenty of amenities for before and after games. This activity-centric stadium aids in dispersing the large numbers of people that attend a game throughout a longer period of time, therefore alleviating parking and traffic congestion. The stadium is renovated to accommodate 46,000 people (about 10,000 less than it does now). It is enhanced with skyboxes and other key amenities. Linking it to the parking structure is a shopping promenade filled with restaurants and cafes. The promenade culminates with the new Gateway Station and will link the parking with the stadium.
1.4 million sq. ft. retail space • 200 stores •
LOCAL RETAIL
REVENUE INFRASTRUCTURE Corporate parking revenue ($2/car x 3,000 cars/weekday) SHOPPING Yearly net operating income: (1.06 million leasable sq. ft. x $50/sq. ft. per year) x .85 operating expenses HOUSING Condominium sales Apartment rentals TOTAL REVENUE 5 years 10 years 15 years
2 million
45 million 1,520 million 106 million 2,285 million 3,050 million 3,815 million
* estimated costs and revenues based on similar studies at the time of the project (2004)
BACKGROUND PHOTO BY N. CHIAPPA
111
volume 4 : Chavez Ravine proposal Stadium City
LOCAL AMENITIES Schools are strategically placed to take full advantage of open space behind the stadium. This space becomes a community amenity where activities and gatherings can happen. The schools are also located so that they are within an optimal walking distance of five to ten minutes from most surrounding areas and are accessible from the pedestrian network. Local retail includes approximately 200 stores (restaurants, pharmacies, bars, supermarkets, bookstores, dry cleaners, entertainment stores). This total was gathered from studying similarly sized communities and their percentage breakdown of types of stores (based on an estimated seven stores per 1,000 people).
MOVEMENT
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION
NEW FREEWAY ACCESS This new high-speed ramp to the 110 Freeway sits on the hillside above Solano Canyon and connects the site’s arterial roads to the larger downtown network.
FIGUEROA BRIDGE
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This new bridge extends Figueroa Street directly on to the site, enhancing the connection between the site and downtown.
112 ELYSIAN PARK ACCESS The pedestrian circulation grid connects to Elysian Park and its recreational amenities at various points.
AMENITIES ACCESS The pedestrian circulation grid connects to the various site amenities— stadium, promenade, park, schools, and retail—at many points, promoting pedestrian interaction.
SEPARATE SYSTEMS The pedestrian and vehicular circulation systems have been separated as much as possible to enhance the walking experience throughout the site.
CHINATOWN ACCESS The pedestrian circulation system connects to an existing bridge over the 110 Freeway to Yale Street and Chinatown.
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION
PROGRAMMATIC STACKING
LOCAL PARKING
HOUSING PARKING RETAIL PARKING
NORTH / SOUTH SECTION SOLANO CANYON
MIDDLE SCHOOL
PUBLIC TRANSIT ACCESS NORTH GARAGE This massive ten-story, 7,500-car parking garage serves as overflow parking for the stadium and retail promenade and with easy access to both the 5 and 2 Freeways, as a Park n’ Ride facility for downtown commuters.
GARAGE LINK This new light rail connects the North Garage (via the new Glendale Station) to the South Garage and the new Gateway Station.
SOUTH GARAGE This massive ten-story, 7,500-car garage serves as primary parking for the stadium and promenade. It (like the North Garage) tucks into a natural indentation of the hillside.
GATEWAY STATION This new light-rail station serves as the primary entry point to the site and as a circulation nexus for public transit, vehicular, and pedestrian traffic.
DOWNTOWN LINK This new light-rail line connects to downtown, terminating at the Seventh Street Station.
VEHICULAR HIERARCHY FREEWAYS ARTERIAL COLLECTOR LOCAL
PEDESTRIAN DENSITY HEAVY MEDIUM LIGHT
MOVEMENT HIERARCHY
ACCESS SEPARATION
UTILIZATION OF SLOPE
PROMENADE
TERRACE HOUSING
FIGUEROA TUNNEL
AMPHITHEATER
STADIUM
SHOPPING PROMENADE
STATION
FIGUEROA BRIDGE
113
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SEPARATE SYSTEMS Vehicular circulation and pedestrian circulation are purposely kept separate to alleviate the complexity of a community engaging a main entertainment destination. After studying scenarios of numbers of people on the site at different times of the day, it was necessary to create a system that would keep game-goers on foot and non-residential traffic offsite. This is achieved by new access points and parking garages, as well as by an efficient light-rail connector. A closer study of the vehicular hierarchy of and around our site and an estimated pedestrian use/ density of our site further supports the potential success of separating both of these systems.
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