La Now Volumes 3 And 4, Chapters 2a-2b
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volume 3: downtown Arts District proposal
32
33
volume 3: downtown Arts District proposal
downtown Arts District proposals
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
34
35
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
DiurnalCity
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
project scope 36
total residential: 15,110,927 sq. ft. total residents: 28,000 total development: 32,993,500 sq. ft. total building space: 30,670,177 sq. ft. total open space: 2,323,323 sq. ft. floor area ratio: 6.2
site plan (downtown Los Angeles)
target study area
project site
Los Angeles’ downtown currently stands as an unattractive, underutilized, and largely symbolic center of the city. The residential population remains low, yet everyday over 500,000 urban nomads commute into and out of downtown. The huge influx and outflow of people occurs at approximately the same time daily, and there are few attractions to keep people downtown after business hours. This situation exacerbates the burden on an already congested freeway system; yet, a neverending expansion of the freeway system is an unproductive solution.
Housing, an integral part of the proposal, would accommodate an additional 28,000 residents-one-third of the projected downtown population growth by the year 2020—beyond the current downtown population of 36,000. The project’s target residents would be downtown office workers, and the enhanced connectivity to the Financial District would encourage walking and public transportation, further reducing freeway and street traffic. The key to realizing the concept of a twenty-four-hour city lies in the intensification along First Street, a vibrant activity corridor that connects the living and working areas. Intensification involves creating a wide variety of amenities to fit a range of schedules, which would ultimately enrich urban life and transform downtown into a walkable, lively city twenty-four hours a day.
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Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
The goal of DiurnalCity is to transform an underused downtown into a twenty-four-hour city, extending the time that people stay in downtown. First, this will help to reactivate downtown and turn it into an attractive urban center. Second, the traffic congestion problem will be alleviated by spreading the number of people entering and leaving downtown over a longer time span.
30 min.
20 min. 30 min. 10 min. 7
20 min.
5 min.
10 8
9
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
1
1
2
13
5 min.
3
12
9
10 min.
7
2
14
5
10
8
5
4
6
11
38
6
3
13 11
4 12
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
destination soccer fields MOCA Little Tokyo SCI-Arc. Artist District Utah Station City Hall
miles 0.25 0.30 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.54 0.63
time (min.) 6 7 8 9 9 14 16
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Union Station Disney Concert Music Center Broadway Pershing Square Central Library Staple Center
0.67 1.02 1.15 1.32 1.45 2.41
17 26 28 33 36 60
destination 1. City Hall 2. Central Library 3. Civic CenterRed Line Station 4. Pershing Square 5. Little Tokyo 6. J. A. N. Museum
walking distance
miles 0.50 0.50 0.54
time (min.) 10 10 11
0.65 0.78 0.90
13 16 18
Chinatown rapid train station Union Station occer fields SCI-Arc. Staples Center Utah Station
0.93 1.00 1.04 1.29 1.30 1.38 1.52
19 20 21 26 26 28 30
walking distance
from project site
from Walt Disney Concert Hall
Union Station/ Gateway Transit Pomona Center Brea San Francisco/ Sacramento Financial District/ Staple Center
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
China town
Staples Center Wilshire Century City Financial District Redondo Beach San Pedro Bay Wilshire Center/ Downtown (Olive st.) Hollywood La Trade Tech Rendondo Beach College San Pedro Bay LAX Century City
San Francisco/ Sacramento
Union Station Pasadena Pomona Sierra Madre El Monte East L.A. Monterey Park
Pico-Rimpau Transit Center
rapid train station bus terminal rapid train new bus line proposed Metro Gold Line Station
proposed public transportation
Metro Gold Line Station Metro Gold Line MTA bus line Dash bus line
existing and officially approved public transportation
Monterey Park
San Diego
San Diego
public transportation
public transportation
daily 06:00–23:00
daily 23:00–06:00
urban connectivity
First Street’s existing cultural institutions and proximity to many key downtown areas make it a loops and importing new programs, First Street will become an activity corridor that connects the working
act
office buildings
id orr yc
ivit
activity-generating buildings proposed development
or ng
livi
activity corridor
Music Center
L.A. Cathedral
Disney Concert Hall
MOCA
Civic Center Station City Hall
MOCA Geffen Contemporary Little Tokyo
Japanese American National Museum proposed station
Alameda Station
SCI-Arc
proposed open area proposed development area MTA station active area (existing) offices
The existing land use pattern provides the conditions and potential to create an activity corridor along First Street by filling in the “time gap.” This insertion of additional programs—which were lacking—results in a 24-hour activity corridor.
theater museum public/community educational religious clubs retail/entertainment collective space offices
existing condition
program importation strategy
compelling potential attraction for downtown Los Angeles By providing additional transportation Financial District with the proposed residential area. offices public transportation Financial District
retail/market
project site
entertainment
morning
bookstore/ library cafe restaurant
Financial District
project site
bar/club concert hall
afternoon
Financial District
movie theater/ theater art gallery/ student exhibit art school/ business school/ trade school
project site
temple/church community center
evening
housing grocery/ supermarket Financial District
gym
project site
sporting fields
night
jogging track park
activity pattern along First Street
program working pattern
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
39 Grand Central Market
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
West Hollywood
40
Culver City
total land area: total population: population density:
1,210 acres 35,716 29.51 persons/acre
toal land area: total population: population density:
3,200 acres 38,816 12.13 persons/acre
recreational parks: area per person:
4 (16.97 acres) 20.69 sq. ft./person
recreational parks: area per person:
13 (88 acres) 98.75 sq. ft./person
cultural museums: auditoriums: studios/fine arts: art galleries:
0 0 4 34
cultural museums: auditoriums: studios/fine arts: art galleries:
1 2 16 0
retail department stores: clothing: books: records/CDs: sporting goods:
3 8 8 12 3
retail department stores: clothing: books: records/CDs: sporting goods:
6 27 7 8 10
entertainment restaurants: cafes/bakeries: bars/clubs: amusement places: movie theaters: video rental:
59 16 45 0 0 3
entertainment restaurants: cafes/bakeries: bars/clubs: amusement places: movie theaters: video rental:
38 22 10 1 1 (4) 2
domestic retail grocery stores: major supermarkets: banks: gas/service stations: laundry/dry cleaners: pharmacies: gyms/health clubs:
30 5 10 5 23 9 9
domestic retail grocery stores: major supermarkets: banks: gas/service stations: laundry/dry cleaners: pharmacies: gyms/health clubs:
19 3 20 14 13 8 3
educational art/music: preschool: K–12: college/university: business/vocational: computer training: language: tutoring/test preparation:
6 4 2 1 1 0 0 0
educational art/music: preschool: K–12: college/university: business/vocational: computer training: language: tutoring/test preparation:
5 9 9 4 4 4 0 0
programmatic research on cities in Los Angeles County
program / intensification
Creating a population density equivalent to that of West Hollywood or Culver City in the downtown site. The integration of diverse programs with transportation systems and pedestrian oriented site to Harajuku Shinjuku
ds: department stores mt: movie theaters
ds
ds
ds
ds mt
ds
ds
ds mt ds ds
subway Hanzomo Linemt Shibuya Station Subway Ginza Line
to Daikanyama/ Sakuragaoka (Yokohama)
case study: Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
Tokyo Line
west bus terminal
to Akasaka/ Nihonbashi
to Akasaka/ Ginza east bus terminal
Japan Railroad Line
to Ebisu/ Shinagawa
proposed
proposed on site
612.6 acress 35,000 57.13 persons/acre
60.5 acre 18,063 298.56 persons/acre
total land area: total population: population density:
612.6 acres 6,998 11.42 persons/acre
recreational parks: area per person:
17.15 acres 106.7 sq. ft./person
70.5 acres 87.7 sq. ft./person
44.05 acres 106.23 sq. ft./person
cultural museums: auditoriums: studios/fine arts: art galleries:
4 2 0 5
4 5 10 35
0 0 10 30
retail department stores: clothing: books: records/CDs: sporting goods:
1 1 6 8 2
5 45 10 12 5
4 34 4 4 3
entertainment restaurants: cafes/bakeries: bars/clubs: amusement places: movie theaters: video rental:
16 13 3 0 0 0
60 20 40 2 2 3
44 7 30 2 2 2
domestic retail grocery stores: major supermarkets: banks: gas/service stations: laundry/dry cleaners: pharmacies: gyms/health clubs:
12 0 0 1 6 4 1
20 3 10 8 15 10 4
8 2 8 6 9 6 3
educational art/music: preschool: K–12: college/university: business/vocational: computer training: language: tutoring/test preparation:
2 0 2 0 0 0 2 0
5 3 2 1 2 2 2 0
3 1 0 0 2 2 0 0
41
Culver City 3,210 acres 38,616 people 12.13 persons/acre
program importation
downtown target study area 612.6 acres 6,998 people 11.42 persons/acre intensification
proposed 612.6 acres 35,000 people 57.13 persons/acre
site 60.5 acres 18,063 people 298.56 persons/acre
intensification and program importation
study area will increase the density five-fold within the target area and thirty-fold within the project strategies will help create a twenty-hour, hyperactive urban community, much like Shibuya in Tokyo. to San Francisco/ Sacramento Union Station
MOCA Japanese American Museum
rapid train station Alameda Atation (Metro Gold Line)
proposed station (Metro Gold Line)
Little Tokyo
to East L.A. Artist District
SCI-Arc.
to San Diego
DiurnalCity
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
downtown study area
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
42
figure-ground plans
| 30 ft.
| 50 ft.
| 70 ft.
site boundaries
target study area plan site plan
| 100 ft.
| 120 ft.
| 250 ft.
| 350’
the site The project’s development intensifies along First Street, reinforcing its role as the connective spine between downtown and the DiurnalCity. While a majority of the development occurs withi site boundaries, some components extend offsite, merging with and negotiating existing conditions.
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43
off-site development extension of development from site connecting to Financial District
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
residential: other: open space:
44
overall development
4,639,440 sq. ft. 5,532,176 sq. ft. 404,464 sq. ft.
on-site development residential: retail / entertainment: domestic retail: cultural: educational: indoor flexible space: parking: parks and open space: residential park:
10,471,487 sq. ft. 1,938,489 sq. ft. 476,515 sq. ft. 743,529 sq. ft. 847,222 sq. ft. 136,644 sq. ft. 5,884,675 sq. ft. 1,513,655 sq. ft. 405,204 sq. ft.
program distribution Carefully analyzed typologies of different programs are arrayed in an unconventional three-dimensional organization, inducing unexpected and vibrant spatial relationships. These resultant urban events occur at different levels and times within DiurnalCity.
residential
indoor flexible spaces
total area: 10,471,487 sq. ft. total residential population: 18,063
Versatile indoor spaces adapt to different functions (exhibition spaces, community spaces, gyms, theaters, etc.) throughout the day. total area: 136,644 sq. ft. auditorium: 5 multi-use spaces: 2
retail / entertainment
domestic retail
A combination of traditional shopping-mall typology and fragments of small buildings along First Street act as a strong urban attraction for the downtown area during the day and evening.
To provide easy access for residents, domestic retail spaces are located on the mid-levels of residential towers connected to the vertical circulation cores and residential park area.
total area: 1,938,489 sq. ft. department stores: 4 clothing: 34 books: 4 records/CDs: 4 sporting goods: 3
total area: 476,515 sq. sf. restaurants: cafes/bakeries: bars/clubs: amusement places: movie theaters: video rental:
44 7 30 2 2 2
grocery stores: major super markets: banks: gas stations:
8 2 8 6
laundry/dry cleaners: pharmacy: gyms/health clubs:
9 6 3
a
b
c
educational
cultural
Different schools share the same spaces at different times of the day (morning/afternoon: art, evening: business/computer, late night: vocational).
A cultural pedestrian network connects different functions at different levels, allowing cross-programming (cultural-educational, cultural-entertainment, cultural-retail, cultural-housing).
total area: 847,222 sq. f.t.
total area: 743,529 sq. ft. studios/fine arts: 10 art galleries: 30
art/music: preschool: business/vocational: computer training:
3 1 2 2
a: classrooms b: admin, library, common area c: studios and workshop
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Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
46
parking
residential pedestrian circulation
Underground parking areas reduce the impact on ground level activities while maintaining accessibility to the site.
public and private pedestrian network on high level
- total area: 5,884,675 sq. ft. - total number of parking spaces: 25,745 parking for residents: 13,000 parking for visitors: 12,700
vehicular circulation
public pedestrian circulation
While First Street will be restricted to public transportation to create a pedestrian friendly street, other streets will be configured for easy accessibility to the site and parking areas.
public pedestrian network on lower level
b d
a
c
public transportation
combined pedestrian circulation
A combination of rail, light-rail, and different bus systems will provide easy connection to downtown and the rest of the city.
combined pedestrian circulation creates a three-dimensional labyrinthine network
a: proposed rapid train station b: Alameda Metro Gold Line station c: proposed Metro Gold Line station d. bus lines (existing and proposed)
the cultural pedestrian network
easy accessibility from residential area to all traffic system
symbiotic relationship between educational, cultural facilities, and indoor flexibile space induced by careful design of paths
all vehicular circulation in relation to residences
cultural, educational, and indoor flexible space
movement An expanded transportation system offers convenient access to the site and downtown. The integrative circulation system also includes a labyrinthine pedestrian network, which cuts through the various programs at different levels.
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47
acessibility to transportation
housing programmed park surface
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
domestic retail
circulatory park surface housing
48
vertical circulation core
the neighborhood
residential park and domestic retail The park surface and domestic retail area on the mid-level of residential towers provide a secondary pedestrian street exclusively for the residents.
open spaces Active and passive open spaces with different sizes, degrees of privacy, and levels provide over 100 sq. ft. of open space per person—5 times the open-space ratio of West Hollywood, twice that of Santa Monica, and a comparable ratio to Culver City.
c c
b
a b
parks and open spaces in relation to residences
total area: 405,204 sq. ft. a: tennis court b: sky garden c: playground
Open spaces per resident ratio is in proximity to space that would be available in private yards of a suburban houses which characterize Los Angeles.
d c e
b
g
a f h
parks and open spaces Active and passive open spaces foster a variety of activities, allowing flexibility in use throughout the day. total area: 1,513,655 sq. ft. a: sports field e: arena b: sports field f: outdoor cafe c: sports field g: park d: plaza h: farmers market
parks and open spaces in relation to retail and entertainment
Multi-functional collective open spaces change in function and character with different activities throughout the day.
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Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
residential park
bathroom kitchen
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
bedroom
living room
type 1 50
1 bedroom 900 sq. ft. total floor area: total units: persons/unit: total residents:
5,095,800 sq. ft. 5,662 1.8 10,192 bathroom
bedroom
kitchen
bedroom
living room
type 2 2 bedroom 1,500 sq. ft. total floor area: total units: persons/unit: total residents:
3,382,500 sq. ft. 2,255 2.3 5,186 bedroom bathroom
bedroom bedroom
family room
type 3 3 bedroom 2,300 s.f. total floor area: total units: persons/unit: total residents:
kitchen 2,288,500 sq. ft. 995 2.7 5,186
housing typology bedrooms living room and kitchen
living room
type 2 2 bedroom 1,500 sq. ft. unit targets young professionals and couples
3 bedroom 2,300 sq. ft. unit targets families
type 1 1 bedroom 900 sq. ft. unit targets students and young professionals
housing DiurnalCity offers a variety of housing types, targeting different demographic groups from students to families. The majority of the units are designed for young professionals working in downtown and seeking a vibrant, pedestrian-oriented, social, and urban lifestyle.
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Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
type 3
housing
tennis courts supermarket
dry cleaner
housing Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
theater school movie theatre
museum
art gallery
cafe
bowling alley restaurant ground level
soccer field
shopping mall
train station
farmers market
park
parking
52
programmatic collision
twenty-four-hour operation
The overlapping organization of vertical programs and alternating horizontal flexible spaces affords elements, the flexible spaces attract people to the downtown site.
08:00
intensity of space use versus time low intensity medium intensity high intensity
12:00
16:00
0 (h)
6
12
18
24
educational cultural retail / domestic retail 0.0 (million sq. ft.)
entertainment
flexible space
amount of space use infrastructural lines
extension of infrastructural lines 0 (h)
6
12
18
24
theater
53
lecture hall
exhibition hall
outdoor space
view lines
generation of pedestrian corridors
flexible space
hours of operation educational cultural entertainment retail/domestic retail
a
b
a
a
b
c c
d
d
c
d
view
interconnected collective spaces
pattern A 0% of flexible space in use
strategy locating flexible space
flexible space
pattern B 50% of flexible space in use
pattern C 75% of flexible space in use
use pattern
flexible space
continuous activity throughout the site, day and night through their arrays of visual and programmatic
20:00
00:00
04:00
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
1.0
10% 4% 6%
4
12%
11%
15%
commuter population: downtown Los Angeles 500,000 (or 1 New Orleans) 200,000 (private) 300,000 (government)
2 5 3
8
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
16%
18%
8%
commuter origin aproximate regional distribution:
1 7
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
54 Downtown Los Angeles +80,000 (or 1 Newport Beach)
Beverly Hills/Westside Pasadena Santa Monica Los Angeles Midcity Alhambra/Montery Park Burbank/Glendale Orange County Topanga Canyon/Malibu Los Angeles Highland Park
18% 16% 15% 12% 11% 10% 8% 6% 4%
destination–origin survey map
6
financial and government sector Los Angeles
2000 3,823,000
2020 4,628,400
growth 805,400 (or 1 san francisco)
17%
18%
4% 10%
projected distribution 1. downtown 2. Van Nuys 3. Hollywood 4. Northridge 5. Eagle Rock 6. San pedro 7. Venice 8. rest of the city
36,000 163,000 222,030 40,750 24,000 72,150 38,000
121,000 213,000 267,030 70,750 50,000 92,150 47,000
85,000 50,000 45,000 30,000 26,000 20,000 9,000 335,400
2020 projected population City of Los Angeles
commuter origin aproximate regional distribution: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Pasadena Burbank /Glendale Torrance Alhambra /Montery Park Los Angeles Mid city Orange County Santa Monica / West Los Angeles 8. Garden Grove 9. Los Angeles Highland park 10. Los Angeles Hollywood 11. South Los Angeles
8%
5%
11%
4% 10%
18% 17% 12% 11% 10% 10% 8%
12%
6%
6% 5% 4% 4%
destination–origin survey map
retail, wholesale, manufacturing sector
DiurnalCity
Rather than spending money to expand the existing freeway system to support an ever-increasing ing and augmented attractions, which will extend the active hours of downtown, will combine to
existing 08:00
12:00
16:00
proposed 08:00
12:00
16:00
intensity versus time downtown
0
6
12
18
24h
6
12
18
24h
off-downtown offices school residence eating shopping market entertainment
existing downtown
0 off-downtown offices school residence eating shopping market entertainment cultural sports/gym
proposed downtown merchant tourist student
business person (downtown resident) business person government employee
activity pattern versus time 0
6
12
18
24h
0
threshold
threshold
number of cars
number of cars
traffic versus time
6
12
18
24h
traffic versus time
existing downtown
proposed downtown
number of automobiles, funding should be reallocated to subsidize downtown developments. New houssignificantly reduce the population that travels on the freeways during rush hour.
20:00
00:00
04:00
20:00
00:00
04:00
55
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
cultural sports/gym
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
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Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
ElastiCity
57
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
In creating a dense residential environment to support and foster the inevitable growth of downtown, ElastiCity investigates alternative strategies for zoning, seeking systematic methods that are adaptable to local conditions. The objective is to be methodical without being oppressive or cookiecutter, hopefully avoiding the pitfalls of both the Modernists and the New Urbanists. Strategies employed will work within established planning processes and simultaneously subvert them. In this way, ElastiCity attempts to contribute to the dialogue to establish alternative models for large-scale residential planning within urban environments. The area sandwiched between the Los Angeles river and Alameda Street provides for unique conditions relative to other areas of Los Angeles, but not unlike those found in other urban environments, such as the Rust Belt cities of Detroit, Cleveland, and St. Louis. Located adjacent to downtown, the 227-acre industrialized site provides the possibility for higher residential densities, immediate connections to regional transportation infrastructures, multiple hubs of economic activity, diverse cultural linkages, jarring social juxtapositions, the “natural” ecologies of the river, and subtle shifts of topography. It is a confluence of environmental and human factors: urbanism in its glory and grit.
58
Much of the heavily industrialized area has the potential for higher use value. At the same time, many existing elements are rich, raw and unfortunately easily dispensable. creative enclaves of local artists and students tenuously holds onto converted live-work spaces, SCI-Arc grapples with its lease on a historic building, and the homeless and the drug-addicted wander from the adjacent Skid Row containment area looking for safe shelter. There exists something undeniably edgy that gives the area an inimitable character. To the north, east, and west are strong local adjacencies—Union Station, the Los Angeles river, and Little Tokyo, respectively. Interestingly, all three of these have regional connections and implications. The project is informed by and takes advantage of such dualities of scale. Battery Park, New York, serves this project as a model of urban density at seventy-five units per acre which translates into 17,000 housing units, accommodating a significant portion of the expected downtown housing growth and providing housing for five percent of the downtown workforce, eliminating millions of vehicle miles traveled. As a means to address high density, ElastiCity borrows from the hyper-rational housing models from Modernist planner Ludwig Hilberseimer and mixes with it the flexibility of sectional zoning and networked circulation. Vertical zoning envelopes are established based on local conditions, adjacencies and desired density. Programmatic envelopes are based on issues of direct solar access, with residential units requiring the most (minimally four hours per day); commercial, office and institutional space requiring less; and infrastructural requiring none at all. An above-ground circulation network is established to connect residential blocks and define areas of residential support services. The variegated ground surface is based on circulation patterns, the river, brownfield excavation and subterranean infrastructure. The shape of the development over time could vary based on a host of local factors such as political and developmental will, economics, desired population densities, and changing social conditions. The rendered scheme represents only one of an infinite number of possible topological variations. It illustrates an intensification of existing site conditions and their potentialities-high density around Union Station and the river’s edge, moderate density around the existing Arts District to the south, and open park space linking the river to the rest of the downtown community at First Street, providing ample recreation space and a social “mixing bowl.” At the micro-scale, this scheme provides for housing at multiple scales for the area’s diverse lifestyle constituencies and engages with the local context. At a macro-scale, it creates and connects to regional infrastructures (recreation space, subterranean parking for downtown, local and interstate transportation), helping to create a healthy and vibrant downtown community.
infrastructure
The program for site is fundamentally infrastructural. The project supports human activities on multiple levels: housing to support the worker population, transportation hubs for regional connectivity, auto parking with shuttles for the continued growth of the downtown worker population, recreational amenities and river access, local and regional educational facilities, and places for public gathering.
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Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
A unique nature of this site lies in its ability to be a strategic contributor towards its immediate context, greater downtown, and regionally throughout Los Angeles. Located amidst the rapidly evolving plans of downtown Los Angeles development, this site can begin to benefit multiple areas. With a projected 35% population increase by the year 2025, the city is in need of revisiting the issue of infrastructure and its adequacy to sustain its citizens’ lifestyles. Furthermore, the issue of infrastructure is not only a notion to be tackled by Los Angeles, but rather one that will span cultural, economic and social boundaries, mandating attention from cities and countries worldwide as urban populations increase.
workforce housing 450,000 workers
35,000 residents
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
25,000 workers 10,000 artists/students/other
5% 60
* providing housing for 5% of the daily downtown workforce would each day: eliminate 19,000 automobiles on roads and freeways eliminate 700,000 million vehicle miles traveled save 22,000 hours of commute time save 30,000 gallons of gasoline remove 150,000 pounds of carbon from the atmosphere
housing and Modernism with a projected 90,000 new units necessary each year to accommodate population growth, the housing situation in Los Angeles draws parallels to the post-War crisis in Europe. While many areas of the city can not accommodate a hyper-dense environment, downtown Los Angeles has both the precedent and the infrastructure to do so. ElastiCity began with a reconsideration of early Modernist utopian proposals: Le Corbusier’s Plan Voisin, Richard Neutra’s Rush City, and the rigorous planning devices of Ludwig Hilberseimer, the ultimate model of housing efficiency. Taking the basic premise of densification and relentless efficiency explored by these models, our goal is to suggest an alternative to current development strategies. While Los Angeles’s condition as a sprawling, networked, multi-nodal city introduces its own benefits and complexities, the notion that growth and development in the region can happen by increasing density and limiting sprawl has been largely underexplored.
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61
ElastiCity vs. Hermosa Beach Hermosa Beach
clustered model
• • •
•
• • •
• •
The city of Hermosa Beach provides an interesting comparative study with ElastiCity since both are primarily residential environments. Both are linear waterfront communitites with a heavy orientation toward regional-scale activity and both have a perpendicular axis that bisects the community. While ElastiCity has 500% more population, the much smaller land area results in significantly increased density. Rather than cluster services in a traditional manner along arterials, services are distributed more evenly across the field of development.
•
832 acres 19,175 23 persons/acre [11 units/acre]
total land area: total population: population density: leisure parks: gyms/health clubs: culture museums: auditoriums: studios/fine arts: art galleries: education schools: libraries: shopping department stores: clothing: books: records/cds: sporting goods: entertainment restaurants: cafes/bakeries: amusement places: movie theaters: video rentals: essentials grocery shops: major super markets: banks: gas/service stations: laundry/dry cleaners: pharmacies:
227 acres 35,000 152 persons/acre [70 units/acre]
20 7 2 1 0 0 3 1 1 12 3 2 24 97 0 0 1 3 5 4 4 0 2 2
•
ElastiCity
•
•
•
•
•
•
distributed model
•
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
•
62
total land area: total population: population density: leisure parks: gyms/health clubs: culture museums: auditoriums: studios/fine arts: art galleries: education schools: libraries: shopping department stores: clothing: books: records/cds: sporting goods: entertainment restaurants: cafes/bakeries: amusement places: movie theaters: video rentals: essentials grocery shops: major super markets: banks: gas/service stations: laundry/dry cleaners: pharmacies:
1 10 1 2 21 16 2 0 1 15 5 3 12 86 8 3 2 5 7 6 6 0 3 2
zoning typologies centralized
traditional downtown
random dispersion Houston Shenzhen, China
horizontal mat Paris suburbia
topological layers ElastiCity
63
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
linear Las Vegas Wilshire Blvd., LA
individual topologies
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
topological envelopes responding to singular influences
64
original site
solar orientation for housing
rail extension
population density: high density river edge
solar access for adjacent properties
population density: existing
population density: seniors
Bunker Hill distribution
soil contamination erosion
population density: dual nodes
population density: visitors
existing distribution
water retention/channelization
population density: low-density river edge
population density: students/artists
education: existing
freeway noise barrier
population density: First Street
views to city
education: new
condensed topologies schemes combine several individual zoning topologies into one high-density edge primarily residential
#23
high-density edge predominantly residential
high-density river edge
low-density river access city views Little Tokyo cultural district existing fabric Arts District
rail line commercial and housing river views moderate- to high-density
Little Tokyo cultural district existing fabric Arts District
height envelope
height envelope
area of coincident surfaces drainage channels
#507
contamination erosion
ground envelope
area of coincident surfaces
contamination erosion
ground envelope
integration of the Los Angeles river normal
average annual rainstorm
proposed topology non-residential to north
high-density edge
#82
high-density with sun access Union Station and commercial
city views
low-density river access moderate-density edge
height envelope
contamination erosion
65
topology and topography On a superficial level, treating the project topologically is a symbolic unification of the diverse and disparate parts of the downtown community, creating the image of a cohesive, undulating landscape. Performatively, treating program and circulation as interconnected and seamless elements encourages very real continuities, transitions and encounters that are often missing in current planning scenarios. Because the site struggles intensely between regional and local dynamics, the approach taken is to respond to localized variables within a larger, defined envelope resulting in a series of innate relationships rather than the creation of isolated centers devoid of connections. Depending on the combination of the localized social, political, and/or cultural forces operative at any moment in time, the envelope may conceivably shift or expand to accommodate them. Varied combinations result in varying topographies. The project’s zoning envelope evolves in ‘real time,’ reflecting the changes occuring in and around it.
ground envelope
Solar access for adjacent properties
Soil contamination erosion
In the case of ElastiCity, the final combination of envelopes selected is one which responds to existing local conditions and provides a topological/topographical organization, uniting various constituencies and allowing for the integration and coexistence of the new and the existing fabrics.
25-year storm
100-year storm
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
Little Tokyo cultural district existing fabric Arts District
programmatic components
1 5
• •
4
2a
2b
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
3 3 2
existing
48 buildings: primarily in Arts Distict
66
residential
35,000 persons 15,900 units 75 units/acre
1
public transit infrastructure
educational arts education corridor 1. trade school (L.A. Trade Tech extension) 2. SCI-Arc 3. fine arts school (Chouinard, Otis extension) 4. elementary arts magnet school (400 children) 5. digital arts or music academy
4
35,000 sq. ft. 12,000 sq. ft. 15,000 sq. ft. 20,000 sq. ft.
1. Union Station extension - Amtrak, high-speed rail 2. Gold Line extension a. Little Tokyo station b. Arts District station 3. DASH routes A and D 4. Proposed DASH route G: commuter loop
regional commercial
local commercial/services
offices
4 levels of semi-underground parking at north 3.97 million sq. ft. of residential parking (1 space/unit)
shopping center
shopping and services 800,000 sq. ft. (see Hermosa Beach study)
Catellus Development at Union Station
2.5 million sq. ft.
3.5 million sq. ft.
67
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
auto infrastructure
time lapse development
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
The project area represents a nexus of flows, both regional and local, from transportation to commerce and people to culture. The flows are most active at the area of the site above First Street. Total redevelopment is proposed for the site above First Street, focusing on establishing the infrastructure for this area first, then adding the housing component. Below First Street, the largely residential area is stabilized through light infill and stitched together through a series of common spaces (e.g., market, park, festival space, post office, etc.). 68
Thus this project proposes a densification of the existing infrastructural networks by adding complementary methods of transportation.
phase 1
phase 2
phase 3
phase 4
phase 5
phase 6
phase 7
organization and infrastructure open space
river parks The site acts as a key access point fromdowntown to the L.A. River and the system of linked parks to the north, allowing for numerous recreational activities.
brownfield remediation The site contains a number of brownfields, the most significant of which is the railroad corridor and rail yards at the river edge. Erosion of the river edge as part of the remediation process returns the river to the public as a recreational amenity.
water retention Naturalizing the river edge not only allows public access but provides significant environmental benefits. With 60% of L.A. paved, only 15% of an average rainfall is absorbed into the ground.
cultural festival plaza Located at the nexus of First and Alameda Streets, the plaza provides the space to celebrate regional and cultural events and marks an entrance to the arts/cultural district. Large events may overflow into the park along First Street.
Griffith Park
35 min. 15 min. Elysian Park 35 min. 15 min.
The plaza accommodates an attendance equivalent to Little Tokyo’s annual Tofu Festival, which serves tens of thousands of people
regional commercial
captive transit market (persons/day)
shopping centers
retail leakage in Central City and South Los Angeles
Union Station 50,000
transit infrastructure
high-speed rail station 25,000 anticipated
Pasadena San Francisco/Sacramento
23
(by distance from downtown)
24
14 4
9
3 6
21
2
8 A 10 18
B
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5 MILES
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A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
7 & Fig (downtown) Baldwin Hills-Crenshaw Plaza Macy’s Plaza (downtown) The Grove Hollywood and Highland Glendale Galleria Montebello Town Center Beverly Center Fox Hills Century City Paseo Colorado Westside Pavilion Stonewood Center The Bridge Santa Fe Springs Mall Fashion Square Galleria at South Bay Westfield Shopping Town Southbay Pavilion Third Street Promenade Lakewood Center Puente Hills Mall Plaza at West Mall Del Amo Fashion Center Northridge Center Topanga Plaza
CA 101 50,000
streets
public transportation
Westlake
co m
East L.A.
mu
ter
loo
p
San Diego South LA proposed shuttle Amtrak and high-speed rail DASH line (A) DASH line (B) light rail
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
69
program
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
-30’
+10’
-10’
70
June 21
topological/topographical envelopes
building envelope (max. height)
residential non-residential infrastructural ground
Zoning: Local Residential Amenities Retail Services Educational
Zoning: Regional Civic Cultural Entertainment Commercial Hospitality Infrastructure
December 21
programmatic envelope (min. four hours sunlight)
residential: housing hotel support non-residential: retail office entertainment recreation parking
Los Angeles (34° latitude)
+150’ +100’ +30’
400’
300’
200’
100’
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
71
ownership distribution new APN site divisions
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
original APN site divisions
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11 12
16
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31
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13
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37
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51 52
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72
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63 65
68
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78
82 83
81
80 79
74 75 72
69
67
77
58 59 60 61
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70
64 66
57
84 85
88
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93 91 92
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517-300-3009 517-301-8001 517-301-9006 507-301-9001 507-301-9009 517-300-1024 517-300-1017 517-300-1900 517-300-2010 517-300-3010 517-300-3002 517-300-3001 517-301-7006 517-301-7008 517-302-0010 NA NA 517-301-7006 517-301-6008 517-302-1001 517-300-4015 517-300-4902 517-301-5011 517-301-5006 517-301-5003 517-302-2002 517-300-8001 517-300-8019 517-300-8017 517-300-8018 517-300-9004 517-300-9005 517-300-9002 517-301-0009 517-301-0003 517-301-1011 517-301-4900 517-302-2004 517-301-1020 517-301-1021 517-301-2025 517-301-2027 517-301-3018 517-301-3014 517-301-3020 517-301-3016 517-302-3001 516-300-1002 516-300-2023 516-300-2009 516-300-2026 516-300-3012 516-300-4005 516-300-4008 516-300-4007 516-300-5006 516-300-5005 516-300-5007 516-300-5001 516-300-5013 516-300-5003 516-300-9901 516-300-8001 516-300-8004 516-300-8003
66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94
516-300-8005 516-300-8012 516-300-7013 516-300-7010 516-300-6013 516-300-6016 516-300-6017 NA 516-300-6012 516-300-6027 516-300-9005 516-300-9001 516-301-2015 516-301-2900 516-301-2004 516-301-5028 516-301-5029 516-301-5022 516-301-5006 516-301-5007 516-301-5002 516-301-5003 516-301-3001 516-301-3009 516-301-3900 516-301-4011 516-301-4009 NA 516-400-5002
1 6
7
2
8 9
14
11 12 16
18
23
22 29 28
32
33
26
35 34
40
37 36
38
41
43 44
42
49 50
48
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51 53
63 65
68
71
55
76
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82
81
80 79
84
86 87
85
90
60
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88 89
47
57
72 74
69
67
58 59 61
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75 70
64 66
77
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39
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27
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91 92 92
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65
517-300-3009 517-301-8001 517-301-9006 507-301-9001 507-301-9009 517-300-1024 517-300-1017 517-300-1900 517-300-2010 517-300-3010 517-300-3002 517-300-3001 517-301-7006 517-301-7008 517-302-0010 NA NA 517-301-7006 517-301-6008 517-302-1001 517-300-4015 517-300-4902 517-301-5011 517-301-5006 517-301-5003 517-302-2002 517-300-8001 517-300-8019 517-300-8017 517-300-8018 517-300-9004 517-300-9005 517-300-9002 517-301-0009 517-301-0003 517-301-1011 517-301-4900 517-302-2004 517-301-1020 517-301-1021 517-301-2025 517-301-2027 517-301-3018 517-301-3014 517-301-3020 517-301-3016 517-302-3001 516-300-1002 516-300-2023 516-300-2009 516-300-2026 516-300-3012 516-300-4005 516-300-4008 516-300-4007 516-300-5006 516-300-5005 516-300-5007 516-300-5001 516-300-5013 516-300-5003 516-300-9901 516-300-8001 516-300-8004 516-300-8003
66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94
516-300-8005 516-300-8012 516-300-7013 516-300-7010 516-300-6013 516-300-6016 516-300-6017 NA 516-300-6012 516-300-6027 516-300-9005 516-300-9001 516-301-2015 516-301-2900 516-301-2004 516-301-5028 516-301-5029 516-301-5022 516-301-5006 516-301-5007 516-301-5002 516-301-5003 516-301-3001 516-301-3009 516-301-3900 516-301-4011 516-301-4009 NA 516-400-5002
1a 2a 2b 3a 4a 5a 6a 6b 6c
517-300-3009 517-301-8001 517-301-8001 517-301-9006 507-301-9001 507-301-9009 517-300-1024 517-300-1024 517-300-1024
7a 517-300-1017 8a 517-300-1900 9a 517-300-2010 10a 517-300-3010 11a 517-300-3002 12a 517-300-3001 13a 517-301-7006 14a 517-301-7008 15a 517-302-0010 16a NA 17a NA 18a 517-301-7006 18b 517-301-7006 19a 517-301-6008 19b 517-301-6008 20a 517-302-1001 21a 517-300-4015 22a 517-300-4902 23a 517-301-5011 24a 517-301-5006 25a 517-301-5003 26a 517-302-2002 27a 517-300-8001 28a 517-300-8019 29a 517-300-8017 30a 517-300-8018 31a 517-300-9004
32a 33a 34a 35a 36a 37a 37b 37c 38a 39a 40a 41a 42a 43a 44a 44b 45a 46a 47a 48a 49a 50a 51a 52a 53a 54a 55a 56a 56b 56c 56d
517-300-9005 517-300-9002 517-301-0009 517-301-0003 517-301-1011 517-301-4900 517-301-4900 517-301-4900 517-302-2004 517-301-1020 517-301-1021 517-301-2025 517-301-2027 517-301-3018 517-301-3014 517-301-3014 517-301-3020 517-301-3016 517-302-3001 516-300-1002 516-300-2023 516-300-2009 516-300-2026 516-300-3012 516-300-4005 516-300-4008 516-300-4007 516-300-5006 516-300-5006 516-300-5006 516-300-5006
57a 58a 59a 60a 61a 62a 63a 64a 65a 65b 65c 65d
516-300-5005 516-300-5007 516-300-5001 516-300-5013 516-300-5003 516-300-9901 516-300-8001 516-300-8004 516-300-8003 516-300-8003 516-300-8003 516-300-8003
94
94
105 acres open space (46%)
combination type D
further density zone possibilities type D density zone I density II
density III
Bunker Hill +175’
density IV
Old Downtown +25’
use: location: density: total sq. ft.: # of units: unit sq. ft.: housing type:
housing located at northern portion of site zone I 210,000 sq. ft. 140 dwelling units 1,138 sq. ft. single-loaded corridor
use: location: density: total sq. ft.: # of floors: floor sq. ft.: building type:
commercial located at northern portion of site zone I 50,750 sq. ft. 3.5 stories of commercial and services 14,500 sq. ft. 100’ x 145’ ft. building
use: location: density: total sq. ft.: # of units: unit sq. ft.: housing type:
housing located at northern portion of site zone I 68,000 sq. ft. 48 dwelling units 1,138 sq. ft. single-loaded corridor
Skid Row +10’
Little Tok +10’
single owner single use
type B
type E
type G
two owners multiple use
single owner single use
type F single owner single use
single owner multiple use
type C
type H
single owner single use
type I
two owners multiple use
two owners single use
single owner single use
type D
73
multiple owners multiple use
ownership
program bar connector bar
single owner
two owners
multiple owners
housing commercial and servies housing
Zoning: Local Residential Amenities Retail Services Educational
Zoning: Regional Civic Cultural Entertainment Commercial Hospitality Infrastructure 400’ 300’ 200’ 100’
Arts District 0’
Los Angeles River -35’
Boyle Heights +25’
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
kyo Little Tokyo +10’
type A
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
design process
housing bars
74
existing buildings
extension of existing infrastructural grid
cross-connections: circulation and program
ElastiCity
housing typologies a diversity of living units accommodates a variety of user groups and lifestyles
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
combination type D use: housing location: northern portion of site density: zone I total sq. ft.: 210,000 sq. ft. # of units: 140 dwelling units unit sq. ft.: 1,100-3,000 sq. ft. housing type: single loaded corridor building commercial connector/support
corporate suites
artists’ live/work lofts
combination type F use: housing location: southwest corner of site Arts District density: zone III total sq. ft.: 82,856 sq. ft. # of units: 30 dwelling units unit sq. ft.: 1,400 sq. ft. housing type: lofts
combination type H housing bar use: mid portion of site, First Street location: zone III density: 29,120 sq. ft. total sq. ft.: 20 dwelling units # of units: 1,000 sq. ft. unit sq. ft.: housing type: student housing, centrally organized
student housing
combination type G use: housing location: west portion of site adjacent to cultural plaza density: zone II total sq. ft.: 80,580 sq. ft. # of units: 40 dwelling units unit sq. ft.: 1,200 sq. ft. housing type: double-loaded corridor
young professional units combination type C use: housing location: mid portion of site, First Street density: zone II total sq. ft.: 27,935 sq. ft. # of units: 20 dwelling units unit sq. ft.: 1,350 sq. ft. housing type: single-loaded corridor townhouse units
family townhome apartments
use: location: density: total sq. ft.:
courtyard connector/recreation mid portion of site, First Street zone II 7,250 sq. ft.
combination Type B use: housing location: northern part of site density: zone I total sq. ft.: 425,000 sq. ft. # of units: 476 dwelling units unit sq. ft.: 680 sq. ft. housing type: double-loaded corridor
hotel/tourism
use: location: density: total sq. ft.:
commercial and services northern part of site zone I 29,000 sq. ft. / 14,500 sq. ft.
75
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downtown Arts District proposals
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
34
35
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
DiurnalCity
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
project scope 36
total residential: 15,110,927 sq. ft. total residents: 28,000 total development: 32,993,500 sq. ft. total building space: 30,670,177 sq. ft. total open space: 2,323,323 sq. ft. floor area ratio: 6.2
site plan (downtown Los Angeles)
target study area
project site
Los Angeles’ downtown currently stands as an unattractive, underutilized, and largely symbolic center of the city. The residential population remains low, yet everyday over 500,000 urban nomads commute into and out of downtown. The huge influx and outflow of people occurs at approximately the same time daily, and there are few attractions to keep people downtown after business hours. This situation exacerbates the burden on an already congested freeway system; yet, a neverending expansion of the freeway system is an unproductive solution.
Housing, an integral part of the proposal, would accommodate an additional 28,000 residents-one-third of the projected downtown population growth by the year 2020—beyond the current downtown population of 36,000. The project’s target residents would be downtown office workers, and the enhanced connectivity to the Financial District would encourage walking and public transportation, further reducing freeway and street traffic. The key to realizing the concept of a twenty-four-hour city lies in the intensification along First Street, a vibrant activity corridor that connects the living and working areas. Intensification involves creating a wide variety of amenities to fit a range of schedules, which would ultimately enrich urban life and transform downtown into a walkable, lively city twenty-four hours a day.
37
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
The goal of DiurnalCity is to transform an underused downtown into a twenty-four-hour city, extending the time that people stay in downtown. First, this will help to reactivate downtown and turn it into an attractive urban center. Second, the traffic congestion problem will be alleviated by spreading the number of people entering and leaving downtown over a longer time span.
30 min.
20 min. 30 min. 10 min. 7
20 min.
5 min.
10 8
9
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
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5 min.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
destination soccer fields MOCA Little Tokyo SCI-Arc. Artist District Utah Station City Hall
miles 0.25 0.30 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.54 0.63
time (min.) 6 7 8 9 9 14 16
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Union Station Disney Concert Music Center Broadway Pershing Square Central Library Staple Center
0.67 1.02 1.15 1.32 1.45 2.41
17 26 28 33 36 60
destination 1. City Hall 2. Central Library 3. Civic CenterRed Line Station 4. Pershing Square 5. Little Tokyo 6. J. A. N. Museum
walking distance
miles 0.50 0.50 0.54
time (min.) 10 10 11
0.65 0.78 0.90
13 16 18
Chinatown rapid train station Union Station occer fields SCI-Arc. Staples Center Utah Station
0.93 1.00 1.04 1.29 1.30 1.38 1.52
19 20 21 26 26 28 30
walking distance
from project site
from Walt Disney Concert Hall
Union Station/ Gateway Transit Pomona Center Brea San Francisco/ Sacramento Financial District/ Staple Center
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
China town
Staples Center Wilshire Century City Financial District Redondo Beach San Pedro Bay Wilshire Center/ Downtown (Olive st.) Hollywood La Trade Tech Rendondo Beach College San Pedro Bay LAX Century City
San Francisco/ Sacramento
Union Station Pasadena Pomona Sierra Madre El Monte East L.A. Monterey Park
Pico-Rimpau Transit Center
rapid train station bus terminal rapid train new bus line proposed Metro Gold Line Station
proposed public transportation
Metro Gold Line Station Metro Gold Line MTA bus line Dash bus line
existing and officially approved public transportation
Monterey Park
San Diego
San Diego
public transportation
public transportation
daily 06:00–23:00
daily 23:00–06:00
urban connectivity
First Street’s existing cultural institutions and proximity to many key downtown areas make it a loops and importing new programs, First Street will become an activity corridor that connects the working
act
office buildings
id orr yc
ivit
activity-generating buildings proposed development
or ng
livi
activity corridor
Music Center
L.A. Cathedral
Disney Concert Hall
MOCA
Civic Center Station City Hall
MOCA Geffen Contemporary Little Tokyo
Japanese American National Museum proposed station
Alameda Station
SCI-Arc
proposed open area proposed development area MTA station active area (existing) offices
The existing land use pattern provides the conditions and potential to create an activity corridor along First Street by filling in the “time gap.” This insertion of additional programs—which were lacking—results in a 24-hour activity corridor.
theater museum public/community educational religious clubs retail/entertainment collective space offices
existing condition
program importation strategy
compelling potential attraction for downtown Los Angeles By providing additional transportation Financial District with the proposed residential area. offices public transportation Financial District
retail/market
project site
entertainment
morning
bookstore/ library cafe restaurant
Financial District
project site
bar/club concert hall
afternoon
Financial District
movie theater/ theater art gallery/ student exhibit art school/ business school/ trade school
project site
temple/church community center
evening
housing grocery/ supermarket Financial District
gym
project site
sporting fields
night
jogging track park
activity pattern along First Street
program working pattern
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
39 Grand Central Market
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
West Hollywood
40
Culver City
total land area: total population: population density:
1,210 acres 35,716 29.51 persons/acre
toal land area: total population: population density:
3,200 acres 38,816 12.13 persons/acre
recreational parks: area per person:
4 (16.97 acres) 20.69 sq. ft./person
recreational parks: area per person:
13 (88 acres) 98.75 sq. ft./person
cultural museums: auditoriums: studios/fine arts: art galleries:
0 0 4 34
cultural museums: auditoriums: studios/fine arts: art galleries:
1 2 16 0
retail department stores: clothing: books: records/CDs: sporting goods:
3 8 8 12 3
retail department stores: clothing: books: records/CDs: sporting goods:
6 27 7 8 10
entertainment restaurants: cafes/bakeries: bars/clubs: amusement places: movie theaters: video rental:
59 16 45 0 0 3
entertainment restaurants: cafes/bakeries: bars/clubs: amusement places: movie theaters: video rental:
38 22 10 1 1 (4) 2
domestic retail grocery stores: major supermarkets: banks: gas/service stations: laundry/dry cleaners: pharmacies: gyms/health clubs:
30 5 10 5 23 9 9
domestic retail grocery stores: major supermarkets: banks: gas/service stations: laundry/dry cleaners: pharmacies: gyms/health clubs:
19 3 20 14 13 8 3
educational art/music: preschool: K–12: college/university: business/vocational: computer training: language: tutoring/test preparation:
6 4 2 1 1 0 0 0
educational art/music: preschool: K–12: college/university: business/vocational: computer training: language: tutoring/test preparation:
5 9 9 4 4 4 0 0
programmatic research on cities in Los Angeles County
program / intensification
Creating a population density equivalent to that of West Hollywood or Culver City in the downtown site. The integration of diverse programs with transportation systems and pedestrian oriented site to Harajuku Shinjuku
ds: department stores mt: movie theaters
ds
ds
ds
ds mt
ds
ds
ds mt ds ds
subway Hanzomo Linemt Shibuya Station Subway Ginza Line
to Daikanyama/ Sakuragaoka (Yokohama)
case study: Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
Tokyo Line
west bus terminal
to Akasaka/ Nihonbashi
to Akasaka/ Ginza east bus terminal
Japan Railroad Line
to Ebisu/ Shinagawa
proposed
proposed on site
612.6 acress 35,000 57.13 persons/acre
60.5 acre 18,063 298.56 persons/acre
total land area: total population: population density:
612.6 acres 6,998 11.42 persons/acre
recreational parks: area per person:
17.15 acres 106.7 sq. ft./person
70.5 acres 87.7 sq. ft./person
44.05 acres 106.23 sq. ft./person
cultural museums: auditoriums: studios/fine arts: art galleries:
4 2 0 5
4 5 10 35
0 0 10 30
retail department stores: clothing: books: records/CDs: sporting goods:
1 1 6 8 2
5 45 10 12 5
4 34 4 4 3
entertainment restaurants: cafes/bakeries: bars/clubs: amusement places: movie theaters: video rental:
16 13 3 0 0 0
60 20 40 2 2 3
44 7 30 2 2 2
domestic retail grocery stores: major supermarkets: banks: gas/service stations: laundry/dry cleaners: pharmacies: gyms/health clubs:
12 0 0 1 6 4 1
20 3 10 8 15 10 4
8 2 8 6 9 6 3
educational art/music: preschool: K–12: college/university: business/vocational: computer training: language: tutoring/test preparation:
2 0 2 0 0 0 2 0
5 3 2 1 2 2 2 0
3 1 0 0 2 2 0 0
41
Culver City 3,210 acres 38,616 people 12.13 persons/acre
program importation
downtown target study area 612.6 acres 6,998 people 11.42 persons/acre intensification
proposed 612.6 acres 35,000 people 57.13 persons/acre
site 60.5 acres 18,063 people 298.56 persons/acre
intensification and program importation
study area will increase the density five-fold within the target area and thirty-fold within the project strategies will help create a twenty-hour, hyperactive urban community, much like Shibuya in Tokyo. to San Francisco/ Sacramento Union Station
MOCA Japanese American Museum
rapid train station Alameda Atation (Metro Gold Line)
proposed station (Metro Gold Line)
Little Tokyo
to East L.A. Artist District
SCI-Arc.
to San Diego
DiurnalCity
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downtown study area
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figure-ground plans
| 30 ft.
| 50 ft.
| 70 ft.
site boundaries
target study area plan site plan
| 100 ft.
| 120 ft.
| 250 ft.
| 350’
the site The project’s development intensifies along First Street, reinforcing its role as the connective spine between downtown and the DiurnalCity. While a majority of the development occurs withi site boundaries, some components extend offsite, merging with and negotiating existing conditions.
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
43
off-site development extension of development from site connecting to Financial District
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
residential: other: open space:
44
overall development
4,639,440 sq. ft. 5,532,176 sq. ft. 404,464 sq. ft.
on-site development residential: retail / entertainment: domestic retail: cultural: educational: indoor flexible space: parking: parks and open space: residential park:
10,471,487 sq. ft. 1,938,489 sq. ft. 476,515 sq. ft. 743,529 sq. ft. 847,222 sq. ft. 136,644 sq. ft. 5,884,675 sq. ft. 1,513,655 sq. ft. 405,204 sq. ft.
program distribution Carefully analyzed typologies of different programs are arrayed in an unconventional three-dimensional organization, inducing unexpected and vibrant spatial relationships. These resultant urban events occur at different levels and times within DiurnalCity.
residential
indoor flexible spaces
total area: 10,471,487 sq. ft. total residential population: 18,063
Versatile indoor spaces adapt to different functions (exhibition spaces, community spaces, gyms, theaters, etc.) throughout the day. total area: 136,644 sq. ft. auditorium: 5 multi-use spaces: 2
retail / entertainment
domestic retail
A combination of traditional shopping-mall typology and fragments of small buildings along First Street act as a strong urban attraction for the downtown area during the day and evening.
To provide easy access for residents, domestic retail spaces are located on the mid-levels of residential towers connected to the vertical circulation cores and residential park area.
total area: 1,938,489 sq. ft. department stores: 4 clothing: 34 books: 4 records/CDs: 4 sporting goods: 3
total area: 476,515 sq. sf. restaurants: cafes/bakeries: bars/clubs: amusement places: movie theaters: video rental:
44 7 30 2 2 2
grocery stores: major super markets: banks: gas stations:
8 2 8 6
laundry/dry cleaners: pharmacy: gyms/health clubs:
9 6 3
a
b
c
educational
cultural
Different schools share the same spaces at different times of the day (morning/afternoon: art, evening: business/computer, late night: vocational).
A cultural pedestrian network connects different functions at different levels, allowing cross-programming (cultural-educational, cultural-entertainment, cultural-retail, cultural-housing).
total area: 847,222 sq. f.t.
total area: 743,529 sq. ft. studios/fine arts: 10 art galleries: 30
art/music: preschool: business/vocational: computer training:
3 1 2 2
a: classrooms b: admin, library, common area c: studios and workshop
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parking
residential pedestrian circulation
Underground parking areas reduce the impact on ground level activities while maintaining accessibility to the site.
public and private pedestrian network on high level
- total area: 5,884,675 sq. ft. - total number of parking spaces: 25,745 parking for residents: 13,000 parking for visitors: 12,700
vehicular circulation
public pedestrian circulation
While First Street will be restricted to public transportation to create a pedestrian friendly street, other streets will be configured for easy accessibility to the site and parking areas.
public pedestrian network on lower level
b d
a
c
public transportation
combined pedestrian circulation
A combination of rail, light-rail, and different bus systems will provide easy connection to downtown and the rest of the city.
combined pedestrian circulation creates a three-dimensional labyrinthine network
a: proposed rapid train station b: Alameda Metro Gold Line station c: proposed Metro Gold Line station d. bus lines (existing and proposed)
the cultural pedestrian network
easy accessibility from residential area to all traffic system
symbiotic relationship between educational, cultural facilities, and indoor flexibile space induced by careful design of paths
all vehicular circulation in relation to residences
cultural, educational, and indoor flexible space
movement An expanded transportation system offers convenient access to the site and downtown. The integrative circulation system also includes a labyrinthine pedestrian network, which cuts through the various programs at different levels.
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acessibility to transportation
housing programmed park surface
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
domestic retail
circulatory park surface housing
48
vertical circulation core
the neighborhood
residential park and domestic retail The park surface and domestic retail area on the mid-level of residential towers provide a secondary pedestrian street exclusively for the residents.
open spaces Active and passive open spaces with different sizes, degrees of privacy, and levels provide over 100 sq. ft. of open space per person—5 times the open-space ratio of West Hollywood, twice that of Santa Monica, and a comparable ratio to Culver City.
c c
b
a b
parks and open spaces in relation to residences
total area: 405,204 sq. ft. a: tennis court b: sky garden c: playground
Open spaces per resident ratio is in proximity to space that would be available in private yards of a suburban houses which characterize Los Angeles.
d c e
b
g
a f h
parks and open spaces Active and passive open spaces foster a variety of activities, allowing flexibility in use throughout the day. total area: 1,513,655 sq. ft. a: sports field e: arena b: sports field f: outdoor cafe c: sports field g: park d: plaza h: farmers market
parks and open spaces in relation to retail and entertainment
Multi-functional collective open spaces change in function and character with different activities throughout the day.
49
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
residential park
bathroom kitchen
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
bedroom
living room
type 1 50
1 bedroom 900 sq. ft. total floor area: total units: persons/unit: total residents:
5,095,800 sq. ft. 5,662 1.8 10,192 bathroom
bedroom
kitchen
bedroom
living room
type 2 2 bedroom 1,500 sq. ft. total floor area: total units: persons/unit: total residents:
3,382,500 sq. ft. 2,255 2.3 5,186 bedroom bathroom
bedroom bedroom
family room
type 3 3 bedroom 2,300 s.f. total floor area: total units: persons/unit: total residents:
kitchen 2,288,500 sq. ft. 995 2.7 5,186
housing typology bedrooms living room and kitchen
living room
type 2 2 bedroom 1,500 sq. ft. unit targets young professionals and couples
3 bedroom 2,300 sq. ft. unit targets families
type 1 1 bedroom 900 sq. ft. unit targets students and young professionals
housing DiurnalCity offers a variety of housing types, targeting different demographic groups from students to families. The majority of the units are designed for young professionals working in downtown and seeking a vibrant, pedestrian-oriented, social, and urban lifestyle.
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Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
type 3
housing
tennis courts supermarket
dry cleaner
housing Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
theater school movie theatre
museum
art gallery
cafe
bowling alley restaurant ground level
soccer field
shopping mall
train station
farmers market
park
parking
52
programmatic collision
twenty-four-hour operation
The overlapping organization of vertical programs and alternating horizontal flexible spaces affords elements, the flexible spaces attract people to the downtown site.
08:00
intensity of space use versus time low intensity medium intensity high intensity
12:00
16:00
0 (h)
6
12
18
24
educational cultural retail / domestic retail 0.0 (million sq. ft.)
entertainment
flexible space
amount of space use infrastructural lines
extension of infrastructural lines 0 (h)
6
12
18
24
theater
53
lecture hall
exhibition hall
outdoor space
view lines
generation of pedestrian corridors
flexible space
hours of operation educational cultural entertainment retail/domestic retail
a
b
a
a
b
c c
d
d
c
d
view
interconnected collective spaces
pattern A 0% of flexible space in use
strategy locating flexible space
flexible space
pattern B 50% of flexible space in use
pattern C 75% of flexible space in use
use pattern
flexible space
continuous activity throughout the site, day and night through their arrays of visual and programmatic
20:00
00:00
04:00
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
1.0
10% 4% 6%
4
12%
11%
15%
commuter population: downtown Los Angeles 500,000 (or 1 New Orleans) 200,000 (private) 300,000 (government)
2 5 3
8
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
16%
18%
8%
commuter origin aproximate regional distribution:
1 7
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
54 Downtown Los Angeles +80,000 (or 1 Newport Beach)
Beverly Hills/Westside Pasadena Santa Monica Los Angeles Midcity Alhambra/Montery Park Burbank/Glendale Orange County Topanga Canyon/Malibu Los Angeles Highland Park
18% 16% 15% 12% 11% 10% 8% 6% 4%
destination–origin survey map
6
financial and government sector Los Angeles
2000 3,823,000
2020 4,628,400
growth 805,400 (or 1 san francisco)
17%
18%
4% 10%
projected distribution 1. downtown 2. Van Nuys 3. Hollywood 4. Northridge 5. Eagle Rock 6. San pedro 7. Venice 8. rest of the city
36,000 163,000 222,030 40,750 24,000 72,150 38,000
121,000 213,000 267,030 70,750 50,000 92,150 47,000
85,000 50,000 45,000 30,000 26,000 20,000 9,000 335,400
2020 projected population City of Los Angeles
commuter origin aproximate regional distribution: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Pasadena Burbank /Glendale Torrance Alhambra /Montery Park Los Angeles Mid city Orange County Santa Monica / West Los Angeles 8. Garden Grove 9. Los Angeles Highland park 10. Los Angeles Hollywood 11. South Los Angeles
8%
5%
11%
4% 10%
18% 17% 12% 11% 10% 10% 8%
12%
6%
6% 5% 4% 4%
destination–origin survey map
retail, wholesale, manufacturing sector
DiurnalCity
Rather than spending money to expand the existing freeway system to support an ever-increasing ing and augmented attractions, which will extend the active hours of downtown, will combine to
existing 08:00
12:00
16:00
proposed 08:00
12:00
16:00
intensity versus time downtown
0
6
12
18
24h
6
12
18
24h
off-downtown offices school residence eating shopping market entertainment
existing downtown
0 off-downtown offices school residence eating shopping market entertainment cultural sports/gym
proposed downtown merchant tourist student
business person (downtown resident) business person government employee
activity pattern versus time 0
6
12
18
24h
0
threshold
threshold
number of cars
number of cars
traffic versus time
6
12
18
24h
traffic versus time
existing downtown
proposed downtown
number of automobiles, funding should be reallocated to subsidize downtown developments. New houssignificantly reduce the population that travels on the freeways during rush hour.
20:00
00:00
04:00
20:00
00:00
04:00
55
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal Diurnalcity
cultural sports/gym
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ElastiCity
57
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
In creating a dense residential environment to support and foster the inevitable growth of downtown, ElastiCity investigates alternative strategies for zoning, seeking systematic methods that are adaptable to local conditions. The objective is to be methodical without being oppressive or cookiecutter, hopefully avoiding the pitfalls of both the Modernists and the New Urbanists. Strategies employed will work within established planning processes and simultaneously subvert them. In this way, ElastiCity attempts to contribute to the dialogue to establish alternative models for large-scale residential planning within urban environments. The area sandwiched between the Los Angeles river and Alameda Street provides for unique conditions relative to other areas of Los Angeles, but not unlike those found in other urban environments, such as the Rust Belt cities of Detroit, Cleveland, and St. Louis. Located adjacent to downtown, the 227-acre industrialized site provides the possibility for higher residential densities, immediate connections to regional transportation infrastructures, multiple hubs of economic activity, diverse cultural linkages, jarring social juxtapositions, the “natural” ecologies of the river, and subtle shifts of topography. It is a confluence of environmental and human factors: urbanism in its glory and grit.
58
Much of the heavily industrialized area has the potential for higher use value. At the same time, many existing elements are rich, raw and unfortunately easily dispensable. creative enclaves of local artists and students tenuously holds onto converted live-work spaces, SCI-Arc grapples with its lease on a historic building, and the homeless and the drug-addicted wander from the adjacent Skid Row containment area looking for safe shelter. There exists something undeniably edgy that gives the area an inimitable character. To the north, east, and west are strong local adjacencies—Union Station, the Los Angeles river, and Little Tokyo, respectively. Interestingly, all three of these have regional connections and implications. The project is informed by and takes advantage of such dualities of scale. Battery Park, New York, serves this project as a model of urban density at seventy-five units per acre which translates into 17,000 housing units, accommodating a significant portion of the expected downtown housing growth and providing housing for five percent of the downtown workforce, eliminating millions of vehicle miles traveled. As a means to address high density, ElastiCity borrows from the hyper-rational housing models from Modernist planner Ludwig Hilberseimer and mixes with it the flexibility of sectional zoning and networked circulation. Vertical zoning envelopes are established based on local conditions, adjacencies and desired density. Programmatic envelopes are based on issues of direct solar access, with residential units requiring the most (minimally four hours per day); commercial, office and institutional space requiring less; and infrastructural requiring none at all. An above-ground circulation network is established to connect residential blocks and define areas of residential support services. The variegated ground surface is based on circulation patterns, the river, brownfield excavation and subterranean infrastructure. The shape of the development over time could vary based on a host of local factors such as political and developmental will, economics, desired population densities, and changing social conditions. The rendered scheme represents only one of an infinite number of possible topological variations. It illustrates an intensification of existing site conditions and their potentialities-high density around Union Station and the river’s edge, moderate density around the existing Arts District to the south, and open park space linking the river to the rest of the downtown community at First Street, providing ample recreation space and a social “mixing bowl.” At the micro-scale, this scheme provides for housing at multiple scales for the area’s diverse lifestyle constituencies and engages with the local context. At a macro-scale, it creates and connects to regional infrastructures (recreation space, subterranean parking for downtown, local and interstate transportation), helping to create a healthy and vibrant downtown community.
infrastructure
The program for site is fundamentally infrastructural. The project supports human activities on multiple levels: housing to support the worker population, transportation hubs for regional connectivity, auto parking with shuttles for the continued growth of the downtown worker population, recreational amenities and river access, local and regional educational facilities, and places for public gathering.
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Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
A unique nature of this site lies in its ability to be a strategic contributor towards its immediate context, greater downtown, and regionally throughout Los Angeles. Located amidst the rapidly evolving plans of downtown Los Angeles development, this site can begin to benefit multiple areas. With a projected 35% population increase by the year 2025, the city is in need of revisiting the issue of infrastructure and its adequacy to sustain its citizens’ lifestyles. Furthermore, the issue of infrastructure is not only a notion to be tackled by Los Angeles, but rather one that will span cultural, economic and social boundaries, mandating attention from cities and countries worldwide as urban populations increase.
workforce housing 450,000 workers
35,000 residents
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
25,000 workers 10,000 artists/students/other
5% 60
* providing housing for 5% of the daily downtown workforce would each day: eliminate 19,000 automobiles on roads and freeways eliminate 700,000 million vehicle miles traveled save 22,000 hours of commute time save 30,000 gallons of gasoline remove 150,000 pounds of carbon from the atmosphere
housing and Modernism with a projected 90,000 new units necessary each year to accommodate population growth, the housing situation in Los Angeles draws parallels to the post-War crisis in Europe. While many areas of the city can not accommodate a hyper-dense environment, downtown Los Angeles has both the precedent and the infrastructure to do so. ElastiCity began with a reconsideration of early Modernist utopian proposals: Le Corbusier’s Plan Voisin, Richard Neutra’s Rush City, and the rigorous planning devices of Ludwig Hilberseimer, the ultimate model of housing efficiency. Taking the basic premise of densification and relentless efficiency explored by these models, our goal is to suggest an alternative to current development strategies. While Los Angeles’s condition as a sprawling, networked, multi-nodal city introduces its own benefits and complexities, the notion that growth and development in the region can happen by increasing density and limiting sprawl has been largely underexplored.
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ElastiCity vs. Hermosa Beach Hermosa Beach
clustered model
• • •
•
• • •
• •
The city of Hermosa Beach provides an interesting comparative study with ElastiCity since both are primarily residential environments. Both are linear waterfront communitites with a heavy orientation toward regional-scale activity and both have a perpendicular axis that bisects the community. While ElastiCity has 500% more population, the much smaller land area results in significantly increased density. Rather than cluster services in a traditional manner along arterials, services are distributed more evenly across the field of development.
•
832 acres 19,175 23 persons/acre [11 units/acre]
total land area: total population: population density: leisure parks: gyms/health clubs: culture museums: auditoriums: studios/fine arts: art galleries: education schools: libraries: shopping department stores: clothing: books: records/cds: sporting goods: entertainment restaurants: cafes/bakeries: amusement places: movie theaters: video rentals: essentials grocery shops: major super markets: banks: gas/service stations: laundry/dry cleaners: pharmacies:
227 acres 35,000 152 persons/acre [70 units/acre]
20 7 2 1 0 0 3 1 1 12 3 2 24 97 0 0 1 3 5 4 4 0 2 2
•
ElastiCity
•
•
•
•
•
•
distributed model
•
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
•
62
total land area: total population: population density: leisure parks: gyms/health clubs: culture museums: auditoriums: studios/fine arts: art galleries: education schools: libraries: shopping department stores: clothing: books: records/cds: sporting goods: entertainment restaurants: cafes/bakeries: amusement places: movie theaters: video rentals: essentials grocery shops: major super markets: banks: gas/service stations: laundry/dry cleaners: pharmacies:
1 10 1 2 21 16 2 0 1 15 5 3 12 86 8 3 2 5 7 6 6 0 3 2
zoning typologies centralized
traditional downtown
random dispersion Houston Shenzhen, China
horizontal mat Paris suburbia
topological layers ElastiCity
63
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
linear Las Vegas Wilshire Blvd., LA
individual topologies
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
topological envelopes responding to singular influences
64
original site
solar orientation for housing
rail extension
population density: high density river edge
solar access for adjacent properties
population density: existing
population density: seniors
Bunker Hill distribution
soil contamination erosion
population density: dual nodes
population density: visitors
existing distribution
water retention/channelization
population density: low-density river edge
population density: students/artists
education: existing
freeway noise barrier
population density: First Street
views to city
education: new
condensed topologies schemes combine several individual zoning topologies into one high-density edge primarily residential
#23
high-density edge predominantly residential
high-density river edge
low-density river access city views Little Tokyo cultural district existing fabric Arts District
rail line commercial and housing river views moderate- to high-density
Little Tokyo cultural district existing fabric Arts District
height envelope
height envelope
area of coincident surfaces drainage channels
#507
contamination erosion
ground envelope
area of coincident surfaces
contamination erosion
ground envelope
integration of the Los Angeles river normal
average annual rainstorm
proposed topology non-residential to north
high-density edge
#82
high-density with sun access Union Station and commercial
city views
low-density river access moderate-density edge
height envelope
contamination erosion
65
topology and topography On a superficial level, treating the project topologically is a symbolic unification of the diverse and disparate parts of the downtown community, creating the image of a cohesive, undulating landscape. Performatively, treating program and circulation as interconnected and seamless elements encourages very real continuities, transitions and encounters that are often missing in current planning scenarios. Because the site struggles intensely between regional and local dynamics, the approach taken is to respond to localized variables within a larger, defined envelope resulting in a series of innate relationships rather than the creation of isolated centers devoid of connections. Depending on the combination of the localized social, political, and/or cultural forces operative at any moment in time, the envelope may conceivably shift or expand to accommodate them. Varied combinations result in varying topographies. The project’s zoning envelope evolves in ‘real time,’ reflecting the changes occuring in and around it.
ground envelope
Solar access for adjacent properties
Soil contamination erosion
In the case of ElastiCity, the final combination of envelopes selected is one which responds to existing local conditions and provides a topological/topographical organization, uniting various constituencies and allowing for the integration and coexistence of the new and the existing fabrics.
25-year storm
100-year storm
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
Little Tokyo cultural district existing fabric Arts District
programmatic components
1 5
• •
4
2a
2b
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
3 3 2
existing
48 buildings: primarily in Arts Distict
66
residential
35,000 persons 15,900 units 75 units/acre
1
public transit infrastructure
educational arts education corridor 1. trade school (L.A. Trade Tech extension) 2. SCI-Arc 3. fine arts school (Chouinard, Otis extension) 4. elementary arts magnet school (400 children) 5. digital arts or music academy
4
35,000 sq. ft. 12,000 sq. ft. 15,000 sq. ft. 20,000 sq. ft.
1. Union Station extension - Amtrak, high-speed rail 2. Gold Line extension a. Little Tokyo station b. Arts District station 3. DASH routes A and D 4. Proposed DASH route G: commuter loop
regional commercial
local commercial/services
offices
4 levels of semi-underground parking at north 3.97 million sq. ft. of residential parking (1 space/unit)
shopping center
shopping and services 800,000 sq. ft. (see Hermosa Beach study)
Catellus Development at Union Station
2.5 million sq. ft.
3.5 million sq. ft.
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Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
auto infrastructure
time lapse development
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
The project area represents a nexus of flows, both regional and local, from transportation to commerce and people to culture. The flows are most active at the area of the site above First Street. Total redevelopment is proposed for the site above First Street, focusing on establishing the infrastructure for this area first, then adding the housing component. Below First Street, the largely residential area is stabilized through light infill and stitched together through a series of common spaces (e.g., market, park, festival space, post office, etc.). 68
Thus this project proposes a densification of the existing infrastructural networks by adding complementary methods of transportation.
phase 1
phase 2
phase 3
phase 4
phase 5
phase 6
phase 7
organization and infrastructure open space
river parks The site acts as a key access point fromdowntown to the L.A. River and the system of linked parks to the north, allowing for numerous recreational activities.
brownfield remediation The site contains a number of brownfields, the most significant of which is the railroad corridor and rail yards at the river edge. Erosion of the river edge as part of the remediation process returns the river to the public as a recreational amenity.
water retention Naturalizing the river edge not only allows public access but provides significant environmental benefits. With 60% of L.A. paved, only 15% of an average rainfall is absorbed into the ground.
cultural festival plaza Located at the nexus of First and Alameda Streets, the plaza provides the space to celebrate regional and cultural events and marks an entrance to the arts/cultural district. Large events may overflow into the park along First Street.
Griffith Park
35 min. 15 min. Elysian Park 35 min. 15 min.
The plaza accommodates an attendance equivalent to Little Tokyo’s annual Tofu Festival, which serves tens of thousands of people
regional commercial
captive transit market (persons/day)
shopping centers
retail leakage in Central City and South Los Angeles
Union Station 50,000
transit infrastructure
high-speed rail station 25,000 anticipated
Pasadena San Francisco/Sacramento
23
(by distance from downtown)
24
14 4
9
3 6
21
2
8 A 10 18
B
1
20
5
7 12 13
11
16
15 17 1/4 0
1/2
1
2
3
4
5 MILES
22
19
A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
7 & Fig (downtown) Baldwin Hills-Crenshaw Plaza Macy’s Plaza (downtown) The Grove Hollywood and Highland Glendale Galleria Montebello Town Center Beverly Center Fox Hills Century City Paseo Colorado Westside Pavilion Stonewood Center The Bridge Santa Fe Springs Mall Fashion Square Galleria at South Bay Westfield Shopping Town Southbay Pavilion Third Street Promenade Lakewood Center Puente Hills Mall Plaza at West Mall Del Amo Fashion Center Northridge Center Topanga Plaza
CA 101 50,000
streets
public transportation
Westlake
co m
East L.A.
mu
ter
loo
p
San Diego South LA proposed shuttle Amtrak and high-speed rail DASH line (A) DASH line (B) light rail
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program
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
-30’
+10’
-10’
70
June 21
topological/topographical envelopes
building envelope (max. height)
residential non-residential infrastructural ground
Zoning: Local Residential Amenities Retail Services Educational
Zoning: Regional Civic Cultural Entertainment Commercial Hospitality Infrastructure
December 21
programmatic envelope (min. four hours sunlight)
residential: housing hotel support non-residential: retail office entertainment recreation parking
Los Angeles (34° latitude)
+150’ +100’ +30’
400’
300’
200’
100’
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71
ownership distribution new APN site divisions
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
original APN site divisions
1 6
7
2
8 9
11 12
16
17
18
23
22 29 28
31
39
33
32
30
14
13
21
27
3
10
5
15
19
24
4
20
25 26
35 34
37
36
38
40
41
42
43 44
45
46
47
49 50
48
54
51 52
55
53
72
56
62
63 65
68
76
78
82 83
81
80 79
74 75 72
69
67
77
58 59 60 61
71
70
64 66
57
84 85
88
86
89
87
90
93 91 92
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65
517-300-3009 517-301-8001 517-301-9006 507-301-9001 507-301-9009 517-300-1024 517-300-1017 517-300-1900 517-300-2010 517-300-3010 517-300-3002 517-300-3001 517-301-7006 517-301-7008 517-302-0010 NA NA 517-301-7006 517-301-6008 517-302-1001 517-300-4015 517-300-4902 517-301-5011 517-301-5006 517-301-5003 517-302-2002 517-300-8001 517-300-8019 517-300-8017 517-300-8018 517-300-9004 517-300-9005 517-300-9002 517-301-0009 517-301-0003 517-301-1011 517-301-4900 517-302-2004 517-301-1020 517-301-1021 517-301-2025 517-301-2027 517-301-3018 517-301-3014 517-301-3020 517-301-3016 517-302-3001 516-300-1002 516-300-2023 516-300-2009 516-300-2026 516-300-3012 516-300-4005 516-300-4008 516-300-4007 516-300-5006 516-300-5005 516-300-5007 516-300-5001 516-300-5013 516-300-5003 516-300-9901 516-300-8001 516-300-8004 516-300-8003
66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94
516-300-8005 516-300-8012 516-300-7013 516-300-7010 516-300-6013 516-300-6016 516-300-6017 NA 516-300-6012 516-300-6027 516-300-9005 516-300-9001 516-301-2015 516-301-2900 516-301-2004 516-301-5028 516-301-5029 516-301-5022 516-301-5006 516-301-5007 516-301-5002 516-301-5003 516-301-3001 516-301-3009 516-301-3900 516-301-4011 516-301-4009 NA 516-400-5002
1 6
7
2
8 9
14
11 12 16
18
23
22 29 28
32
33
26
35 34
40
37 36
38
41
43 44
42
49 50
48
54
51 53
63 65
68
71
55
76
78
82
81
80 79
84
86 87
85
90
60
83
85
88 89
47
57
72 74
69
67
58 59 61
46
75 70
64 66
77
45
56
52
62
20
25
31
30
39
19
24
4
15
13
17 21
27
3
10
93
91 92 92
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65
517-300-3009 517-301-8001 517-301-9006 507-301-9001 507-301-9009 517-300-1024 517-300-1017 517-300-1900 517-300-2010 517-300-3010 517-300-3002 517-300-3001 517-301-7006 517-301-7008 517-302-0010 NA NA 517-301-7006 517-301-6008 517-302-1001 517-300-4015 517-300-4902 517-301-5011 517-301-5006 517-301-5003 517-302-2002 517-300-8001 517-300-8019 517-300-8017 517-300-8018 517-300-9004 517-300-9005 517-300-9002 517-301-0009 517-301-0003 517-301-1011 517-301-4900 517-302-2004 517-301-1020 517-301-1021 517-301-2025 517-301-2027 517-301-3018 517-301-3014 517-301-3020 517-301-3016 517-302-3001 516-300-1002 516-300-2023 516-300-2009 516-300-2026 516-300-3012 516-300-4005 516-300-4008 516-300-4007 516-300-5006 516-300-5005 516-300-5007 516-300-5001 516-300-5013 516-300-5003 516-300-9901 516-300-8001 516-300-8004 516-300-8003
66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94
516-300-8005 516-300-8012 516-300-7013 516-300-7010 516-300-6013 516-300-6016 516-300-6017 NA 516-300-6012 516-300-6027 516-300-9005 516-300-9001 516-301-2015 516-301-2900 516-301-2004 516-301-5028 516-301-5029 516-301-5022 516-301-5006 516-301-5007 516-301-5002 516-301-5003 516-301-3001 516-301-3009 516-301-3900 516-301-4011 516-301-4009 NA 516-400-5002
1a 2a 2b 3a 4a 5a 6a 6b 6c
517-300-3009 517-301-8001 517-301-8001 517-301-9006 507-301-9001 507-301-9009 517-300-1024 517-300-1024 517-300-1024
7a 517-300-1017 8a 517-300-1900 9a 517-300-2010 10a 517-300-3010 11a 517-300-3002 12a 517-300-3001 13a 517-301-7006 14a 517-301-7008 15a 517-302-0010 16a NA 17a NA 18a 517-301-7006 18b 517-301-7006 19a 517-301-6008 19b 517-301-6008 20a 517-302-1001 21a 517-300-4015 22a 517-300-4902 23a 517-301-5011 24a 517-301-5006 25a 517-301-5003 26a 517-302-2002 27a 517-300-8001 28a 517-300-8019 29a 517-300-8017 30a 517-300-8018 31a 517-300-9004
32a 33a 34a 35a 36a 37a 37b 37c 38a 39a 40a 41a 42a 43a 44a 44b 45a 46a 47a 48a 49a 50a 51a 52a 53a 54a 55a 56a 56b 56c 56d
517-300-9005 517-300-9002 517-301-0009 517-301-0003 517-301-1011 517-301-4900 517-301-4900 517-301-4900 517-302-2004 517-301-1020 517-301-1021 517-301-2025 517-301-2027 517-301-3018 517-301-3014 517-301-3014 517-301-3020 517-301-3016 517-302-3001 516-300-1002 516-300-2023 516-300-2009 516-300-2026 516-300-3012 516-300-4005 516-300-4008 516-300-4007 516-300-5006 516-300-5006 516-300-5006 516-300-5006
57a 58a 59a 60a 61a 62a 63a 64a 65a 65b 65c 65d
516-300-5005 516-300-5007 516-300-5001 516-300-5013 516-300-5003 516-300-9901 516-300-8001 516-300-8004 516-300-8003 516-300-8003 516-300-8003 516-300-8003
94
94
105 acres open space (46%)
combination type D
further density zone possibilities type D density zone I density II
density III
Bunker Hill +175’
density IV
Old Downtown +25’
use: location: density: total sq. ft.: # of units: unit sq. ft.: housing type:
housing located at northern portion of site zone I 210,000 sq. ft. 140 dwelling units 1,138 sq. ft. single-loaded corridor
use: location: density: total sq. ft.: # of floors: floor sq. ft.: building type:
commercial located at northern portion of site zone I 50,750 sq. ft. 3.5 stories of commercial and services 14,500 sq. ft. 100’ x 145’ ft. building
use: location: density: total sq. ft.: # of units: unit sq. ft.: housing type:
housing located at northern portion of site zone I 68,000 sq. ft. 48 dwelling units 1,138 sq. ft. single-loaded corridor
Skid Row +10’
Little Tok +10’
single owner single use
type B
type E
type G
two owners multiple use
single owner single use
type F single owner single use
single owner multiple use
type C
type H
single owner single use
type I
two owners multiple use
two owners single use
single owner single use
type D
73
multiple owners multiple use
ownership
program bar connector bar
single owner
two owners
multiple owners
housing commercial and servies housing
Zoning: Local Residential Amenities Retail Services Educational
Zoning: Regional Civic Cultural Entertainment Commercial Hospitality Infrastructure 400’ 300’ 200’ 100’
Arts District 0’
Los Angeles River -35’
Boyle Heights +25’
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
kyo Little Tokyo +10’
type A
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
design process
housing bars
74
existing buildings
extension of existing infrastructural grid
cross-connections: circulation and program
ElastiCity
housing typologies a diversity of living units accommodates a variety of user groups and lifestyles
Volume 3 : downtown Arts District proposal ElastiCity
combination type D use: housing location: northern portion of site density: zone I total sq. ft.: 210,000 sq. ft. # of units: 140 dwelling units unit sq. ft.: 1,100-3,000 sq. ft. housing type: single loaded corridor building commercial connector/support
corporate suites
artists’ live/work lofts
combination type F use: housing location: southwest corner of site Arts District density: zone III total sq. ft.: 82,856 sq. ft. # of units: 30 dwelling units unit sq. ft.: 1,400 sq. ft. housing type: lofts
combination type H housing bar use: mid portion of site, First Street location: zone III density: 29,120 sq. ft. total sq. ft.: 20 dwelling units # of units: 1,000 sq. ft. unit sq. ft.: housing type: student housing, centrally organized
student housing
combination type G use: housing location: west portion of site adjacent to cultural plaza density: zone II total sq. ft.: 80,580 sq. ft. # of units: 40 dwelling units unit sq. ft.: 1,200 sq. ft. housing type: double-loaded corridor
young professional units combination type C use: housing location: mid portion of site, First Street density: zone II total sq. ft.: 27,935 sq. ft. # of units: 20 dwelling units unit sq. ft.: 1,350 sq. ft. housing type: single-loaded corridor townhouse units
family townhome apartments
use: location: density: total sq. ft.:
courtyard connector/recreation mid portion of site, First Street zone II 7,250 sq. ft.
combination Type B use: housing location: northern part of site density: zone I total sq. ft.: 425,000 sq. ft. # of units: 476 dwelling units unit sq. ft.: 680 sq. ft. housing type: double-loaded corridor
hotel/tourism
use: location: density: total sq. ft.:
commercial and services northern part of site zone I 29,000 sq. ft. / 14,500 sq. ft.
75
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