Karples_fifteenfolksongs.pdf

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FIFTEEN FOLK-SONGS FROM NEWFOUNDLAND collected and edited by

MAUD KARPELES with piano accompaniments by

R. VAUGHAN WILLIAMS

Oxford University Press Music Department 44 Conduit Street London W.1

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INTRODUCTION

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Cecil Sharp's discoveries in the Appalachian 1\Iountains led him to believe, quite rightly, that folk-songs of English origin were to be found in other pans of the American continent. Newfoundland. our oldest colony. \\here ninety-eight per cent of the population is of Bntish descent-mainly from the \Vest of England and Ireland-seemed to him the most promising field for research. He intended tp visit the island in 1918 and again in 1925; but the 1918 visit had to be given up owing to lack of fund'-, and he died in 192-+. I had hoped to accompany him and help him with the collecting, as I had done in the Appalachian !vfountains; but as this \vas not possible. I decided to do what I could by myself. During 1929 and 1930 I paid two visits to Newfoundland. each la~ting about six weeks, and noted two hundred songs (including variants), from which the thirty songs in the_e two volumes have been selected. Newfoundland's main industry is fishing. There are but few to\vns outside St. John's, and the people live along the shores, or on islands off the coast. in small settlements, or 'outports', as they are called. The interior consists of big lakes, rivers, forests and moorland-·barrens'-and is practically uninhabited . The coast-line is an irregular one. Great bays and indentations penetrate the country, sometimes to an e~tent of eighty to ninety miles, and thus transport by land is difficult and. in many parts of the island, impossible. Mail-steamers ply the coast, calling once a week, or once a fortnight, at the more important ports, but some of the smaller places can only be reached by open motor-boat. It was from the people in these outports-nearly all fishermen and their families-that I noted the songs. My quest seemed a strange one to them, particularly when I had disposed of the idea that I was on the stage or the agent of a gramophone company. They were convinced that I should make a lot of money out of the songs. 'If I could learn to do that I should never have to do another day's fishing'. said one singer after I had written down his song and had sung it back to him. However. they did not grudge me my supposed reward, or expect to share in it, and v-:hen once they sa\V that their songs \vere appreciated, they were ahvays ready to sing. In fact. it \Vould be impossible to find a kindlier or friendlier people than the Newfoundlanders. \VhereYer I went I ·was in~tantly welcome, although I came as a complete stranger \\ithout any introduction. Everyone was delighted to meet an Englishwoman and to hear \Vhat the people •at home' were doing and thinking. The original settle'Tnent of Newfoundland is very much older than that of the Appalachian 1\-1ountains, but the island has not had the same immunity from modern civilisation, for the sea does not i<;olate to the same extent as does a mountain range. Consequently, folk-songs were not so easily found as in the Appalachians. There, old and young knew the folk-songs and sang but little else; but in Newfoundland the ·old' songs were fast going out of fa ~hion. Fe\\. ofthe young people had learned them, and the old people had usually to search their memories in order to recall them. The folk-singer does not. of course. distinguish bet\,·een traditionnl and compo~cd songs, and many is the time I have tra cked do\vn a si nge r \\·ith a great reputation for old songs. only to be regaled with '\\' hen you a nd I ,,·ere young. 1\Iaggie', or similar sentimental ditties. I had to C'\plain that I wanted son~;;; \\ hich hnd ne\·er been \\ ritten dO\\·n. or that had no ·mu~ic'. \\ hich to the folk~-singcr means the printed air. Jn \iew of this explanation. a ~ingcr on coming to the end of hi s \Try big repertory of drm\ in g-room son g ~. ~ ill of\\ hich I had rcj~cted, remarked wearily. but sympath e tically, '\\'ell, all I can think is

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that some other young lady must have come along before you, and got all the songs printed otT'. The state of the traditional folk-song in Newfoundland is probably very much what it was in England at the end of last century, both as regards its practice and its character. The proportion of modal tunes appears to be higher than in Engbnd. but the pentatonic scale. which is a marked feature of the Appalachian tunes, is not found. In the main. the characteristics of the Newfoundland tunes are similar to those of the English tunes, and many of the individual sonas bear a close resemblance to the En~lish variants. The Newfo~1dland songs are. in fact, a good exari1ple of the persistence of tradition. The singer of ·Lord Bateman' expressed to his wife his astonishment that I. a stranger. should be so much like themselves; but in listening to the familiar story of the ·noble lord' and his 'young Sophia', with the 'proud young porter', and the bride's mother 'who was never heard to speak so free', it was even more astonishin~ for the stranger to recall that over two thousand miles of ocean lay between Newfoundland ~and Somerset. Newfoundland has not brought forth any new type of tune, but it has, in my opinion, produced a number of songs and ballads which have an individual beauty and are in themselves sufficiently distinctive to merit publication. And it is my hope that lovers of English folk music \Viii find in these volumes a worthy addition to the vast store of treasures which have already been gathered by Cecil Sharp and others. I would in conclusion thank the many kind friends who have helped me. In particular, I would acknowledge my gratitude to the singers who so patiently sang to me, and I would express the hope that this publication will help to restore to them their confidence in the value and beauty of the songs which have in the past afforded them so much delight. MAUD KARPELES.

London, 1934. The above introduction was written for the original collection called Folk Songs from Newfoundland, from which these fifteen arrangements have been taken.

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CONTENTS BA LLA DS

I. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6. 7.

8.

PAGE

Sweet William's Ghost The Cruel l\.1other The Gypsy Laddie The Bloody Gardener The Bonny Banks of Virgie-o Earl Brand Lord Akeman The Lover's Ghost

I 5 9

12 16 20

24 28

SONGS

9. 10.

II. 12. 13. 14. 15. NOTES

She's like the Swallow The Maiden's Lament Proud Nancy The Morning Dew The \\'inter's gone and past The Cuckoo Young Floro

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lJ-

-

....__

.....

r~P

I

. I

r

fa - ther that lo~er ne'er_ fa-ther dear I'll left me with- o u t -

And her But a For you've

r.-..

J·

-

lverses 4 &s

guide .

~~

~t

-

r

I '\terse

n

J

r.-..

I

.L

tJ

r

til she bad seen her sweet - hearts I may get, go a - lon-~h you, Lor.:!

I

_/)~

11~

~·

Un

tear sore, bride?

C!)

tJ

-.t

----

V'-

-~-

!

r

I

and she nev-er shed a blows_ they are won - der- ful come a - long with me for a

f'J~

J P=tJ. r--~

held the white steed, She Ro-bert, she cries. For your Mar-g'ret, he said, \.'\'ill you

,--------f9-

--

tJ

I~

~

r~r

.

fl~

&

4 La-dy b-ia.r - g'ret she rose and [5] hand, ease your hand, Lord (6] choice, choose your choice, La- dy

•

..._

-

..

~

-;.

-

bert till

he he

mount came

Verses 7 & 8

I

-I

Ro [8] bled

l

I &}---

21

~T ,.......,- •

~

....

-

ed to I

1'\ ~

I

-

I

a his

--

--·-

-=

'

f),-

.......-:::::::

~

f-{;

~

«.)

ti

~

!

milk own I

~~~ -~ -_ -,.-

-·

I"

white steed , mo- t her's door,

A nd

' --· sh<=_

Ho~

l oud_

..

on he

dap rap

di d

~

I

....

---

I

-

•

.., fJ

...,

~-

I Verse

.; ~

~P=t4t)

j f'i

I

1

I

.Jl ;}I Jl ;1 J ~· =i

bleed-ing a -long the high know my fair l a -dy I d id

-

9 0

"-....---

Verse 8

?-l

.

i

7np

" ~

I

A

_____... .

~ ·

I

my bed both

deep

-.

---:" and_ wide,

~

make

0

,

-.9.-

it__..

wide

and

I

I

deep, --8:'

And tk\ ..-: ~

~

4t)

f

~

~

I

. ~

And went You-

~ ~A •

I

make

-·

I

.. h

Verse 8

., .

* 77if

I

I

·win.

II

7

-

..."

<;;•

8 He _ _

U•

()~

II

I

22?JI t J

,...

loud a nd_ shrill, mo-ther, he cries,

-

<;•

! !

-nif~

-way.

oJ

..,.fl

7

y

0

ring.

l

~

~$~~g~~j_~ J. -.....__..;

the

He w ent

-9"

..;-.

sound-ing of his bu - gle o pen the door, d ea r

grey.

I

-l----

-

K~

I J.

~

l

- It. -

.;

I Verse

ple at

~

~

f;~

I ~

I

I

I

g:

e-

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I

1-------.i--1 I

I

~

22

1')1

~A I

-~

-

~- ~

!'

I J__J La-dy

.

Mar- g'ret

~

JJ

down__ by

y, 12 •P. tiJ_: "!!!i

kJ my side

ThAt the

sound -

er

and bet-ter

I

may

-

-

' i-

I

-Q)

Lord _ _

'10

A

Ro

-~

c.;

A

n

.

--

Q)

-

fj~

I

she

died

I

I

0

I

I

I

g:

e-

_ft

~~

:_~: ._

be

to -

. , _____ !\ _, .

I

hope

r}n ,.J I

I

4....-.....'J.

7rif.

--====

ge - ther

May_

--

r:

~ I

~

r-=::::: I

A

~= Al

.

V•

that may

~

more

--------

r

~

?

&

r.--.

.. find

cou-ple

I

fl! I

~

ev- 'ry

~I

I

-=:::::

~

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r

1

day.

I

-

~:1

La-dy

I

I

.-4

~---1

. .

'----"" nOW-

----

mid - night,

~

-6?:-

r

I~ I I

be-fore

.

.

.

] 3 J

bout

.

Mar- g'ret

..,

a

I

fll#

ctJ

be died

-=:::::: :::=- pp

I

u

-

bert

I

I

pp

.

<:...'.

IJ

. sleep.

f'J~

I

I

eo

-

-

joy- ment

..._.. than

they.

J

17\

~

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t

I

17'\

-ri

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23

I I

7.

LORD AKEMAN (LORD 13---\.TI~.\\A~)

-

~loderato

fj~-

Voice -.1 I

-

fj~

-

-.1

p :

-

--

...--.._

I

.

..------...

ta _ _y

' man

Lord [2] [3] [4] [5]

I

Ake was he sailed East of the pris side gaol- e r _ had got_ bous you

I

r

-

•

---

.

de ~·ur

-

and er to

lo.

~

"-

.

-.1

board of a put in round his fa - thers a - ny fair

'

f'JH

I

ves-sel pris-on mid-dle pris - on, maid-en I

tJ

:

I'?

I

-.. ~

For-eign Un Un And_

>Twas He was She_ What

_...-...

~~

-

"'

24

....,

v

-

him he was to_ the_ you_

v

....

self_ ta-ken that_ keys_ give_

on and right of her to

~rses

I,Z,3 & 4

f~

-

,..

-

... o_ to go see. ry. was most we a 3 By the gone. '-''as al - most 4 The_ free. man she'd set 5 Ha•-cwoulc! set you f Verses 1,2.3 & 4 ........1

--tf~

-v ,.--

__,

~

shipped there tied stole would

I

-- ··· ···· · ·

coun - tries til his life til his life said Lord Ake from this pris- on

- -

~ho_

,..

He_

gree; key. strong. seen. thee?

-

I

-

I

fJ ~

fJ~

I

:;s

,.. of a high to proud ty stout I've ev be - long

..

-.

--. -6.

ble lord _ _ he came _ _ so migh est crea - ture of Northum'bland

;

J

-a.

7.7

l ' I

I

:

I

no - til grew fair a - ny

-·l

r

no- blc lord, A and_ he sailed \Vest Un on there grew a tree; It one_ on - ly daugh-ter, The es, have you got land? Does

I

-==== :::.:=--------..

-,

..

~

e.

===--

....___

-

-

---

-

-~ -...

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6

.....

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IV
j

~~ [5] free?

. f1 ~

--

!verse S

~

And 0 And So Or

I

be to well she him-

longs keep known rang self

to it to the with

-

I

---

me. strong; me. bell. in?

would I If _ _ She _ _ Who's_

.--

o __

-

it _ _ _ don'ted _ _ who's_ 0

-

-.J

all _ _

l

. to with her asked says

wed __ up _ _ there~

yes, _ _ I

.

the the

-------

l

a no mos proud proud

ny 0

la

tber

-

quey young young

-

dy

wo- man, cloth- ing, port - er. port - er,

--

.

y

Who_ I won't she And I __ He's just

--

--....

r'

...

"" -

from this pris on wed with said Lord Ake now pray af- ter bring- ing

•

--{9-

-;.-

I

would set me no 0 - ther go man she'd me un- to a young bride

,.

r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 1 Verse xo 1 7'1(' Yfrses 6, 7, 8 & 9

-

free . man. see . tell .

7 8 9 10

I verses

-

6,7, 8 & 9

-.,..-.

... I

....,._...

C-'

~

---

lo..

I

I

lo..

r

.---...

17

.

~·

.t:¥-

" land, vow, o'er, cas- tle cas- tie,

D--

-.J

give you pack there, yes,

()~

~h ~

r.

----

1

tJ

j

-

-

.

~Jot

I've got they_ made a have_ passed and Lord_ Ake- man's Lord_ Ake- man,s

~~and

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r

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I

mp

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....,

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fJ~

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half North- umb- ,land _ _ sev - en years four- teen days ly mer - ri the is lord

fj~

jp£Jl,IJ

! 6 '

got_ hous long_ years long_ years she_ sees Js _ _ this I

I've [71 seven [S] seven (9] when [Io] cries :

-

""

tJ

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11111

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Yes,_

6

---

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429

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0 0 0 She

...,..-.....

Verse

II

&I

'=;J4J.TI 25

-

Go

-

10

==-- ,if

I

f...-,

in.

!1

-

"3,.

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~k ~

..!£,

l

. !

i

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I

j~ r·

of young got sian bride:$

.--. b~t-

tle his one of broke his nev - er

bread, port rings,

~~:~~ And a Dow-n And on And Who ~2 ~

er~

flew mo- ther,

L

- J'er"

of bend them sword known _ _ _

on

_/l _1f

---

b=-!.. :

best knees has piec speak

the ed S-..~e

in to

of fell got es so

And_

wine, he, three, three, free,

_......

Say And Say " Say -

~.

ing: the ing:

~

~:~:J::~::::~:~:-::--~---::~::::r-:r:i~::::::~~:~~~~-:::~~~~~~~~-~.s~~iv,____..,.,_:::-~ T}__./

i1_/

-

I

I

~

-

to for- get_ have_ seen_ en __ robes more go no you_ go- ing

not I gold I'll Are

-

the

the a

to to

- -:;J~

~

-

fair fair round for leave

-.J<j.~

-

I

young est her eign

-~

Wlio re That Would Since Since

maid- en crea-ture mid- die coun-tries daugh-ter

my

,.......,..-, -d~

·I

-

-

-:;;}:

-

~

"4t_/

I Vfrses II, 12, 13

-

& 14

~

- leased him ev-er my eyes buy North- un1 young So - phia young So - phia

n:H . fJ

(~;-·

t-·

-

when close would wish bcr - land has crossed has crossed

;;--

-- ... r

con to

of the the

fined. see. thee.

12

sea.

15

I Verses .r.:::.

~-

1

-v

~-

13

14

n, 12,13 &

14

A_ cOn_ Lord

o_

--

.-.- ,..,._ - ----

..-~ I Ve~se

15

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I

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..,

-·~~

-£3

1-

t

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I ~ l ':erse

15

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u.

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f

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---· --·

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l

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me;

She_

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f;~

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A.

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came

.

to_

fl~ .A..· c)

.

-

in

a

I

horse

111:1

-

V·

1

I

..___..

J£758

a __

I

f

.

me_

j

J __ made

o~n

-d

-6•

I

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and

sad- die, I

I

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fJJ.t

And I'll

-

-61-"

. .

----....

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........:::::::

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mp

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16.

sea?'

£[J

IJ

.....

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~

.

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r

send her home

.....--, --- -----

~

in

a coach

------====

and

three. :

tt-O-

----

--.....,

f::j-

_/J

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e

~ 27

____./

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=ii

8.

I

THE LOVER'S GHOST

I

~~ Andante moderato

.fJ

-

_r¥= ".

~/;

Voice

4

t

t)

IZ

l

lie pro - rnis'd John - ny at he came there John

I .2

to mar-ry me, the hour ap -pointe.d;

-

f)

,..

~

.;

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Jp

~.,..~

:

.

I

r-----r

I

f~ar

he's tapp'd

r-h Wlt at

i

r

~

.._......~

-

gone. low.

!

I

c..rr

_....,

one_ dow so

-·

I

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some fair win the

But I He

tJ' b!" r I

I

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.ll o.)

r-77-. -= ft

I

1) •~l

v r v v li p :p r.

p

There's some - thing This_ fair maid

i

be -wails him and I and she a - rose

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t)

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~

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I

1

J.....-

r

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j

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don't know , bur - ried

l

iT

I

r

-61-

.____y-

...

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what on

it her

is, clothes,

And I'm And_

we a wei

-

from corn'd her ry

ly true

-

r

•

tng love

a

-&.....___,...,......

-

lone. _ home._

~

f) t)

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l

s

:@:........

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fj

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28

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bl

L . H. 1

f

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a

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She 4 Crow

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lu

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p

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2:14

he was cold - er than you crow be- fore

felt don't

......---..

n-----_

I

I

I

t;t

2 I:

laid him down; She lit- tle bird, And

and my

n---=-------n

-t-

v:

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took him by the hand up. crow up,

3

,. fl

,.,

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I r" I

I

....

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.p.

I

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•

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She _ _ And your

.J ciay. day,

I

f'J-

said: z.,.\y dear- est cage shall be

I the

if of

4--

-

on - ly bad my wish glit - t'nng gold, she says,

.,

.,::

I

dear, made

f-

t\

This long And your

I

I

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l

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:

fl

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night doors

fl Q)

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day. _ _ gay _ _ _

J:Al

J

.. -

5 Where 6 The sand

I

,_,...

~

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J~ .

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:

~~

would ne - ver be of the sil - ver so

I

---

~

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--,

I '------r •

I

your soft my soft

~~

bed of bed of

~

?-~Ft=

pp

p

~f~ .. n..,

-

!"'

IS

is

~

I

: ......

I

C.-I

3

down, my love, down, my love,

And The

where sea

=

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~;:: ._

I

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r:

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E

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is is

...!

4

~

your white my white

~~ ~

f

29

~

;

·-

~--

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t1

where [6J long

~~ watch-es on you feed_ off of me

is the fair hungry worms

~+--... t=--=-

p_~

~~---~ ~

r=

,.....-

'

'

~ \Th ilc you are \\nile I

Cl

tak sleep

h

"

I

--------

1

f:J

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u

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~

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._

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I

j

yon. my

when

w"in

I

see

j

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,._

-

-

,.. . ? you a - ga1n

It

I

--------

1-

3

And

see

f-:----i

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r

I

t6ve, rhe cries,

; I

I

fJ

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r

will

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mp

fJ

when

7 0

f~--ev~~~~,4

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,...

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sleep? deep.

(}

l

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.:c:

I

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s i- l er..r in t h.:

~--~~ ~ ::::: --:- 1!!: :JI!L

- - - - - - -_._ - - - - -t. :

t=z=-?4E-fl!+ - - - t - .--r-

'

•

ing your long ev - 'ry night

~

When the

and t!: c

lit-tle flsh-es fly

(}

l

4.)

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:

t.rur --..:::::

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Q)

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r

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, __________ r

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r.... -,::J'

rocks they melt

~

with the

4..__.;Psun. _ _

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mf )

I

$

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1.,.

And the hard

..

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seas they do run dry

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R.{{. ,-: I t- '

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9.

I

SHE'S LIKE THE SWALLOW

f

I.

f),

Voice

L ento non troppo

"""-'~

I

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f),

(

I

-

I

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Pianol

mp'~'

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.

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r

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.

--

p·

I

She's The She She's

-- ...

1

I

like more laid like

-

shine ~un plucked the down. no sun- shine

the she her the

on the mor.: word on the

1----

I

I

I I

1

----

I

I

I

j

.

.

.

J

l

I

lee she did lee

I UnUn-

shore, pulled say, shore,

1

-----

I

i r i d==---, -.L J .J

, __ , r L

I

f), ~

f), Q)

love -til -til love

my she this

my

love_ got_ fair_ love_

-

and her maid's and

•

6/> •

love is no more. ---------a - per -on fulL heart did break. love is no more.

I

r

i

""'* I I

r

I

I

.-

-

r

•

rpp

r

i

I I

I

119-·

---

I Last time

.-

~

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,-

I

' r _i--',,, ===--p--..____

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_J .

..

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31

----./,

-

..

I

Lr

I

--

nev-er runs dry , e - rose; primfor her head .. nev-er runs dry,

,•

that flies so high_ She's this fair maid did .go. A she made a b.:d. A high . She',; that flies ~0

r·

I

---

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i

t

.

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:

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I

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J_.

I

like the riv-er that -pick-ing the beau-ti-ful S(O low - ny pil like the riv-er that

f),

r j-'-,=- :J.P *

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I

I

f),

I

r-

-5'-*

the swal-low She's like 2 'Twas out in the gar- den out of those ro - ses Its 3 the swal-low 4 She's like

1

--

pp

p: I":\

&-·

10.

THE MAIDEN'S LAMENT ·.

f1 L A ndante sostenuto

-

Voice -.)

__.-

1

-3'

f1 \

~ "E~~~,-#111~~~~~~

L

«)

Piano·~

I" .. S . D b oneeve-rung1n p~

As I roved out

--

.

mp dolce

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fl

l

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si · -

-.,.

fl L I

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c.

n

--

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I

lentsweetsha -dy

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-

...__

grove, ~ n

I - heard

a

maid -en mak-ing

._---y---...

~

r - .$!!.

•

sad

la-ment. She cried: A ·

~~

.

«)

p

,...,,

-

«)

-

...___

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---

,.._,,

. I

tJ

-las,_

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. ----

f),

--..

I

have lost

-

love. ~------·

my

~?15'

n~8~~f=F

--:g--. "*p

~ T~ '~~-

~

--

-

love

is

like

-

un-quench-! :1~

--9-

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I

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c..

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an

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mp

I

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~ FF~P~~f!:.t- fL •

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32

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roved out cy, my ry you

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eve Nan bloom

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the month you mar do no

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tull for or

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34

I fell There's rich 11-n fit

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(I] Nan [2] what

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rich

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cy: she"s._ the am._ I but er gent. so I

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girl none pray

a - don.·. you so. gone. be

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Nan 4 0 5 The space wrote 6 I

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II ~ now_ my Ill take fair_ one changed her in a most scorn - ful ~:

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leave,_ mindway, __

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for Nan ing let lm:e Nan

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35

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love Nan months af an ans

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II Verse 3

7f -411--.-:

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I Verses

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joy_ and guld_ as suit_ me -~

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12.

THE MORNING DEW ![f ' r;,

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THE WINTER'S GONE AND PAST f}

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41)

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small rings dress

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14.

THE CUCKOO Andante con moto

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The_

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Cuck- oo

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4

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a

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After verse 3

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let tend

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43

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15.

YOUNG FLORO And an t e

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Voice -....:__...

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:

in Spring, too young.

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NOTES Publications referred to are thus nbbre\·iated: Appalachians = English Folk-Songs fro'n the Southern Appalachians. !vlaud Karpeles. Oxford University Press, 1932. 2 vols.

Cecil J. Sharp, ed.

Clri.'d = The English and ScoTtish Popular Ba!!ads. F. J. Child. Houghton, Miffien & Co., Boston, 1882-93. 5 vols. F.S.S.J.

=

Journal of the Folk-Song Society, London, 1399-1931. 8 vols.

Greenleaf= Ballads and Sea Songs of NeH:foundland. E. D. Greenleaf and G. Y. l'vfansficld. Harvard University Press, 1933. Joyce =

Old Irish Folk ldusic and Songs. P. W. Joyce. Longman, London, 1909.

Last Leaves = Last LeaH'S of Traditional Ballads and Ballad Airs. Gavin Grieg and Alex. Keith. The Buchan Club, Aberdeen, 1925. Maine = British Ballads from Maine. University Press, 1929.

1.

P. Barry, F. H. Eckstorm, M. W. Smyth.

Yale

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Sweet \Villiam 's Ghost

Sung by 1\1r. 1\1ichael Carrol at Placentia. The text, \vith a few verbal alterations. is as sung by 1\1rs. Emma Boone and her son, 1v1r. John I\1cCabe, at North River, Conception Bay. The ballad is a popular one in Newfoundland, and l noted variants. The text, without tune, is also gi\en in Greenleaf, N ·o. 9. For other versions, see Child, No. 77.

2.

The Cruel 1\-lother

Sung by 1\frs. Theresa Corbett at Conception Harbour. Stanzas 5, 6, and 9-12 are as sung by !\Irs. Corbett and the rest are collated from other versions. I noted ten variants. Two versions (one tune) are also given in Greenleaf, No. 6. For other versions, see Child, No. 20, and Appalachians, No. 10.

3.

The Gypsy Laddie

Sung by ~Irs. 1\Iargaret Quilter at Harbour Grace, Conception Bay. The text is collated from different versions, but is mainly that given by ~-fr. P:1trick Hunt at Dunsville, Placentia. I noted four versions of the tune and another is given in Greenleaf, No. 16. For other versions, see Child, No. 200, and Appalachians, No. 33.

.

4.

J

The Bloody Gardener

Sung by 1\1rs. 1\1ay (Jas.) 1\fcCabe at North River, Conception Bay. The text is practically unaltered, except for a slight alteration in the second half of the first stanza, which has been made for the sake of clearness. A more sophisticated broadside version with twenty-se\ en stanzas is to be found in the Harvard UniYersity Libr~uy in a fourteen-volume collection of ballads printed by Catnach, Bebbington, Ryle. etc. This is quoted in Br~:tnd's Popular Antiquities, Vol. iii, p. 217 (1893 ed.). Another similar version, entitled 'The Bloody Gardener's Cruelty. or The Shepherd's D,wghter Betrayed', is in a chapbook . printed at Tewkesbury at the beginning of the century by S. Harrow. A reLlti\c of his, an old lady of ewer ninety, used to sing the baliad (see J. Han·ey Bloom's F o lk Lore in Shakesreare Land), but it \\·as not noted from her, and I kno>vv of no other \·e rsion v-:ith tune.

5.

The Bonny Banks of Yirgie-o

Sun~

by "7\lr. and ~lrs. Kenneth ?\fonks at King's Co\ e. Bona\ i.;,t:J. Bay. The text is practically unaltered. I noted four \"::lriants of this ballad, and another is giYen in

(

Greenleaf, No. 4. Five versions, without tune, are given in Child, No. 14, and a fragment, also without tune, was noted in Aberdeenshire about seventy ye~us ago (see Last Lem·es, p. 15). No other versions have to my kno'wvledge been recorded in Great Britain or on the American continent.

6.

Earl Brand

Sung by .f\.1r. Thomas Ghaney at Colliers, Conception Bay. The text is practically unaltered. This was the only version of the ballad that I noted in Newfoundland. Another, without tune, is giYen in Greenleaf, No. 2. For other variants, see Child, No. 7, and Appalachians, No. 4.

7.

Lord Akeman

Sung by ?vfr. \Vm. Holloway at King's Cove, Bonavista Bay. There are a few verbal alterations in the text. I noted four other versions of this ballad, all of them in 3/2 time. For other versions, see Child, No. 53, and Appalachians, No. 13.

8.

The Lover's Ghost

Sung by Mr. .t\-fatthew Aylward at Stock Cove, Bonavista Bay. A few lines of the text are taken from another version noted at Fortune Harbour, Notre Dame Bay, but it is otherwise unaltered. For another version see Joyce, No. 408. This ballad has a close connection \Vith 'The Grey Cock' (Child, No. 248). See note in .Alaine, p. 310.

9.

She's Like the Swallow

Sung by .t\1r. John Hunt at Dunsville, Placentia. The text is unaltered except that the repetition of the first stanza has been substituted for the fourth stanza which was irregular and unintelligible.

10.

The Maiden's Lament

Sung by Mr. James Sullivan at King's Cove, Bonavista Bay. I have omitted three corrupt stanzas, which tell of the intervention of the maiden's hard-hearted parents. Otherwise the text is practically unaltered. Mr. Sullivan, an old man, sang this song with great feeling. He bad not sung it for many years.

11.

Proud Nancy

Sung by :N1r. Robert Morgan at Blow-me-down, Conception Bay. alterations have been made in the text.

12.

A few verbal

The l\1orning Dew

Sung by Mrs. Sarah Mercer at Upper Island Cove, Conception Bay. Mrs. Mercer could only remember the first stanza and the last two lines of the second stanza. The remaining tv.-o lines are taken from another version noted at North River, Conception Bay. This is probably the same song as Joyce, No. 416.

13.

The 'Vinter's Gone and Past

Sung by Mrs. Elizabeth Farrell at Beau Bois, Placentia Bay. The last three stanzas, which were rather confused, have been omitted, othenvise the text is unaltered. For other versions, see Johnson's Scots Jo.fusical llfuseum, 3rd ed., 1853, i, p. 208 (1st cd., 1787-1803), and Joyce, No. 427.

14.

The Cuckoo

Sung by !vir. Joseph Jackman at Grole, Hermitage Bay. I noted only two stanzas. Stanza 3 is taken from an English version. For other versions, see Appalachians, No. 140.

15.

Young Floro

Sung by .t\lrs. Bridget Hall at North River, Conception Bay. Two sU:mzas have been omitted, but otherwise the text is practically unaltered. For other versions, 5ee F.S.S.J., i, 90.

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