Just How Smart Are Intelligent Buildings?

Just how smart are intelligent buildings?

Linda Forbes Unit A3

An intelligent building • should be productive, safe, healthy, thermally, aurally and visually comfortable; • has the potential to serve future generations: sustainability or adaptability over its life cycle, while safeguarding environmental resources; • can be built within some cost constraints whilst retaining market value. SAVE Intelligent Building Assessment Methodology http://www.ibuilding.gr

City of London

Benefits of intelligent buildings Lighting

More natural daylight Lower energy requirement

Ventilation

Stack effect; night cooling; mixed mode Lower energy requirement

Heating

Solar gain used to pre-warm incoming air Lower energy requirement

Environment

Lower energy requirements Renewable energy (Merton Rule)

RWE HQ, Essen

Post Tower Bonn

Germany Commerzbank Frankfurt

New York

Sao Paulo

Hong Kong

Issues to consider Proximity of other buildings

Less solar gain; less daylighting Air turbulence; wind speeds and direction

Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect

Higher temperatures at night Diurnal range reduced; less night cooling

Pollution from vehicles and industry

Noise and smell Photochemical smogs

Double Ventilated Facades

Planning in the UK

Central Government

Regional Planning Bodies

Local Government (England only)

Planning Committee

PPG and PPS

Regional Spatial Strategy

Planning Inspectorate

Local Development Framework

Planning Application

Central Government

PPS1 Sustainable Development PPG2 Green Belts PPS3 Housing

PPG4 Industrial/Commercial

PPG (Planning Policy Guidance) &

PPS (Planning Policy Statement)

PPG5 Simplified Planning Zones PPS6 Town Centres PPS7 Rural Areas PPG8 Telecommunications PPS9 Biodiversity & Geo Conservation PPS10 Waste Management

PPS11 Regional Spatial Strategies PPS12 Local Development Framework PPG13 PPG14 PPG15 PPG16 PPG17 PPG18 PPG19 PPG20 PPG21

Transport Unstable land Historic Environment Archaeology Sport & Recreation Enforcement Plan Ctrl Outdoor Advertising Coastal Tourism

PPS22 Renewable Energy PPS23 Pollution Control PPG24 Noise PPS25 Flood Risk

Regional Government

Regional Spatial Strategy (Regional Planning Bodies RPBs and elected Regional Assemblies inc London)

Development strategy covering 15-to-20 year period Contributes to achievement of sustainable development Incorporates Regional Transport Strategy

Local Government

Local Development Framework (District Councils, Unitary Authorities, National Parks)

Development plan documents Local development scheme Statement of community interest Annual monitoring report Supplementary planning documents Local development orders and simplified planning zones

Planning in Germany

Ancient Rights in UK

Right of light, once right acquired Freedom from noise or smell No right to wind

Potential outcomes of increased building density Increased energy demand Higher running costs Who is liable?

Renewable energy supply

Failure to meet renewable obligation (10% or more)

Local authority for granting permission?

In breach of planning regulations?

Owner of buildings in proximity?

Require building more capacity off-site to meet requirements?

Conclusions • Intelligent buildings can deliver energy savings • Highly technical, with high embodied energy • Planning systems may defeat objectives • What future in a hotter, more humid and crowded world?