Johannes Brahms

@& Johannes Brahms Country Birth Death Period Composition Types

Germany May 7, 1833 in Hamburg, Germany Apr 3, 1897 in Vienna, Austria Romantic All Works (804) Vocal Music (403) Choral Music (200) Keyboard Music (157) link Chamber Music (27) link Orchestral Music (6) Symphony (5) Concerto (4)

The stature of Johannes Brahms among classical composers is well illustrated by his inclusion among the "Three Bs" triumvirate of Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms. Of all the major composers of the late Romantic era, Brahms was the one most attached to the Classical ideal as manifested in the music of Haydn, Mozart, and especially Beethoven; indeed, Hans von Bülow once characterized Brahms' Symphony No. 1 (1855 - 76) as "Beethoven's Tenth." As a youth Brahms was championed by Robert Schumann as music's greatest hope for the future; as a mature composer, Brahms became for conservative musical journalists the most potent symbol of musical tradition, a stalwart against the "degeneration" represented by the music of Wagner and his school. Brahms' symphonies, choral and vocal works, chamber music, and piano pieces are imbued with strong emotional feeling, yet take shape according to a thoroughly considered structural plan. The son of a double bassist in the Hamburg Philharmonic Society, Brahms demonstrated great promise from the beginning. He began his musical career as a pianist, contributing to the family coffers as a teenager by playing in restaurants, taverns, and, some biographers have intimated, establishments of far lesser respectability. Though by his early 20s he enjoyed associations with luminaries like violinists Eduard Reményi and Joseph Joachim, the friend and mentor who was most instrumental in advancing his career was Schumann, who all but adopted him and became his most ardent partisan, and their esteem was mutual. Following Schumann's death in 1856, Brahms became the closest confidant and lifelong friend of the composer's widow, pianist and composer Clara Wieck Schumann. After a life of spectacular musical triumphs and failed loves (the composer was involved in several romantic entanglements but never wed),

Brahms died of liver cancer on April 3, 1897. In every genre in which he composed, Brahms produced works that have become staples of the repertory. His most ambitious work, the German Requiem (1863 - 67), is the composer's singular reinterpretation of an age-old form. The four symphonies -- lushly scored, grand in scope, and deeply expressive -- are cornerstones of the symphonic literature. Brahms' concertos are, similarly, in a monumental, quasi-symphonic vein: the two piano concertos (1856 - 59 and 1881) and the Violin Concerto (1878) call for soloists with both considerable technical skill and stamina. His chamber music is among the most sophisticated and exquisitely crafted of the Romantic era; for but a single example, his works that incorporate the clarinet (e.g. the Trio in A minor, Op. 114 and the two Sonatas, Op. 120), an instrument largely overlooked by his contemporaries, remain unsurpassed. Though the piano sonata never held for Brahms the same appeal it had for Beethoven (Brahms wrote three to Beethoven's 32), he produced a voluminous body of music for the piano. He showed a particular affinity for variations -- notably, on themes of Schumann (1854), Handel (1861), and Paganini (1862 - 63) -- and likewise produced a passel of national dances and character pieces such as ballades, intermezzi, and rhapsodies. Collectively, these constitute one of the essential bodies of work in the realm of nineteenth-century keyboard music. -All Music Guide All Works (804)

Keyboard Music (157)

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Cadenza for J. S. Bach's keyboard conMusic for Keyboard certo in D minor (BWV 1052), WoO 11 Cadenza for Mozart's piano concerto No. Music for Keyboard 20 in D minor (K. 466), WoO 14 Cadenza for Mozart's piano concerto No. Music for Keyboard 24 in C minor (K. 491), WoO 15 Cadenzas (2) for Beethoven's piano conMusic for Keyboard certo No. 4 in G major (Op. 58), WoO 12 Cadenzas (2) for Mozart's piano concerto Music for Keyboard No. 17 in G major (K. 453), WoO 13 Cadenzas for Beethoven's piano concerto No. 3 in C minor (spurious, by Music for Keyboard Moscheles), Anh. 4/7 Excercies (51) for piano, WoO 6 Etude for Keyboard Study for piano, left hand on Schubert's Keyboard Work for One Impromptu in E flat major, D. 899 (spuriHand ous), Anh. 4/2 Hungarian Dances (21) for piano, 4 Music for Four Hands at hands (or piano solo or orchestra), WoO One Keyboard 1 Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in G Music for Four Hands at minor, WoO 1/1 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in D Music for Four Hands at minor, WoO 1/2 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in F Music for Four Hands at major, WoO 1/3 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in F Music for Four Hands at minor, WoO 1/4 One Keyboard

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Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in G Music for Four Hands at minor, WoO 1/5 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in D Music for Four Hands at flat major, WoO 1/6 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in A Music for Four Hands at major, WoO 1/7 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in A Music for Four Hands at minor, WoO 1/8 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in E Music for Four Hands at minor, WoO 1/9 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in E Music for Four Hands at major, WoO 1/10 One Keyboard Keyboard Work Entitled Pieces (8) for piano, Op. 76 "Piece" or "Stück" Gavottes (2) for piano, WoO posth. 3 Gavotte for Keyboard Sarabandes (2) for piano, WoO posth. 5 Sarabande for Keyboard Variations (28) on a Theme of Paganini, Romantic Variations for for piano, in A minor, Op. 35 Keyboard Souvenir de la Russie for piano, 4 hands Music for Four Hands at (spurious), Anh. 4/6 One Keyboard Scherzo for piano in E flat minor, Op. 4 Scherzo for Keyboard Romantic Sonata/Sonatina Piano Sonata No. 1 in C major, Op. 1 for Keyboard Piano Sonata No. 2 in F sharp minor, Op. Romantic Sonata/Sonatina 2 for Keyboard Romantic Sonata/Sonatina Piano Sonata No. 3 in F minor, Op. 5 for Keyboard Transcription for piano of the Rákóczy Transcription for Keyboard March (fragment), Anh. 3/10 Variations (13) on a Hungarian song for Romantic Variations for piano in D major, Op. 21/2 Keyboard Ballade for piano in D minor ("Edward"), Ballade for Keyboard Op. 10/1 Ballade for piano in D major, Op. 10/2 Ballade for Keyboard Ballade for piano in B minor, Op. 10/3 Ballade for Keyboard Ballade for piano in B major, Op. 10/4 Ballade for Keyboard Ballades (4) for piano, Op. 10 Ballade for Keyboard Transcription for piano of the scherzo from Schumann's piano quintet, Op. 44, Transcription for Keyboard Anh. 1a/7 Transcriptions for piano (or piano, 4 hands) of Schubert Ländler (D. 366 & D. Transcription for Keyboard 814), Anh. 1a/6 Variations on a Theme of Schumann, for Romantic Variations for piano in F sharp minor, Op. 9 Keyboard Gigues (2) for piano, WoO posth. 4 Gigue for Keyboard Suite for piano in A minor (prelude & aria Suite/Partita for Keyboard only), Anh. 2a/14 Choral prelude and fugue for organ ("O Prelude and Fugue for KeyTraurigkeit, O Herzeleid"), WoO 7 board Fugue for organ in A flat minor, WoO 8 Fugue for Keyboard

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Keyboard Work with Descriptive or Unclassified Title Prelude and fugue for organ in A minor, Prelude and Fugue for KeyWoO posth. 9 board Prelude and fugue for organ in G minor, Prelude and Fugue for KeyWoO posth. 10 board Variations (11) on an Original Theme in D Variations for Keyboard major for piano, Op. 21/1 Theme and variations, for piano in D Variations for Keyboard minor (after sextet for strings, Op. 18) Variations (10) on a theme of Schumann, Romantic Variations for for piano, 4 hands in E flat major, Op. 23 Keyboard Variations (25) and Fugue on a Theme of Romantic Variations for Handel, for piano, in B flat major, Op. 24 Keyboard Canon for piano in F minor, Anh. 3/2 Canon for Keyboard Romantic Sonata/Sonatina Sonata for 2 pianos in F minor, Op. 34b for Keyboard Waltz for 2 pianos in A flat major (arr. Music for Two Keyboards from 4 hand version), Op. 39/15 Waltz for 2 pianos in B major (arr. from 4 Music for Two Keyboards hand version), Op. 39/1 Waltz for 2 pianos in B minor (arr. from 4 Music for Two Keyboards hand version), Op. 39/11 Waltz for 2 pianos in E major (arr. from 4 Music for Two Keyboards hand version), Op. 39/2 Waltz for 2 pianos in G sharp minor (arr. Music for Two Keyboards from 4 hand version), Op. 39/14 Waltz for piano in A flat major, Op. 39/15 Waltz for Keyboard Waltz for piano in C sharp major, Op.39/6 Waltz for Keyboard Waltz for piano in E major, Op. 39/12 Waltz for Keyboard Waltz for piano, 4 hands in B major, Op. Music for Four Hands at 39/1 One Keyboard Waltz for piano, 4 hands in E major, Op. Music for Four Hands at 39/2 One Keyboard Waltz for piano, 4 hands in G sharp Music for Four Hands at minor, Op. 39/3 One Keyboard Waltz for piano, 4 hands in E minor, Op. Music for Four Hands at 39/4 One Keyboard Waltz for piano, 4 hands in E major, Op. Music for Four Hands at 39/5 One Keyboard Waltz for piano, 4 hands in C sharp ma- Music for Four Hands at jor, Op. 39/6 One Keyboard Waltz for piano, 4 hands in C sharp Music for Four Hands at minor, Op. 39/7 One Keyboard Waltz for piano, 4 hands in B flat major, Music for Four Hands at Op. 39/8 One Keyboard Waltz for piano, 4 hands in D minor, Op. Music for Four Hands at 39/9 One Keyboard Waltz for piano, 4 hands in G major, Op. Music for Four Hands at 39/10 One Keyboard Waltz for piano, 4 hands in B minor, Op. Music for Four Hands at Kreis Kanon for piano, Anh. 3/3

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39/11 One Keyboard Waltz for piano, 4 hands in E major, Op. Music for Four Hands at 39/12 One Keyboard Waltz for piano, 4 hands in C major, Op. Music for Four Hands at 39/13 One Keyboard Waltz for piano, 4 hands in A minor, Op. Music for Four Hands at 39/14 One Keyboard Waltz for piano, 4 hands in A major, Op. Music for Four Hands at 39/15 One Keyboard Waltz for piano, 4 hands in D minor, Op. Music for Four Hands at 39/16 One Keyboard Waltzes (16) for piano, 4 hands (or Music for Four Hands at piano), Op. 39 One Keyboard Studies (5) for piano, Anh. 1a/1 Etude for Keyboard Capriccio for piano in F sharp minor, Op. Capriccio/Caprice for 76/1 Keyboard Gavotte for piano in A major (after Gluck: Gavotte for Keyboard Iphigenie en Aulide), Anh. 1a/2 Variations on a Theme of Haydn, for 2 piRomantic Variations for anos in B flat major (St. Anthony VariKeyboard ations), Op. 56b Liebeslieder Waltzes (18) for piano, 4 Music for Four Hands at hands, Op. 52a One Keyboard Liebeslieder waltz No. 1 for piano, 4 Music for Four Hands at hands in E major, Op. 52a/1 One Keyboard Liebeslieder waltz No. 2 in A minor, Op. Music for Four Hands at 52a/2 One Keyboard Liebeslieder waltz No. 3 for piano, 4 Music for Four Hands at hands in B flat major, Op. 52a/3 One Keyboard Liebeslieder waltz No. 4 for piano, 4 Music for Four Hands at hands in F major, Op. 52a/4 One Keyboard Liebeslieder waltz No. 5 for piano, 4 Music for Four Hands at hands in A minor, Op. 52a/5 One Keyboard Liebeslieder waltz No. 6 for piano, 4 Music for Four Hands at hands in A major / F major, Op. 52a/6 One Keyboard Liebeslieder waltz No. 7 for piano, 4 Music for Four Hands at hands in C minor, Op. 52a/7 One Keyboard Liebeslieder waltz No. 8 for piano, 4 Music for Four Hands at hands in A flat major, Op. 52a/8 One Keyboard Liebeslieder waltz No. 9 for piano, 4 Music for Four Hands at hands in E major, Op. 52a/9 One Keyboard Liebeslieder waltz No. 10 for piano, 4 Music for Four Hands at hands in G major, Op. 52a/10 One Keyboard Liebeslieder waltz No. 11 for piano, 4 Music for Four Hands at hands in C minor, Op. 52a/11 One Keyboard Liebeslieder waltz No. 12 for piano, 4 Music for Four Hands at hands in C minor, Op. 52a/12 One Keyboard Liebeslieder waltz No. 13 for piano, 4 Music for Four Hands at hands in A flat major, Op. 52a/13 One Keyboard Liebeslieder waltz No. 14 for piano, 4 Music for Four Hands at hands in E flat major, Op. 52a/14 One Keyboard Liebeslieder waltz No. 15 for piano, 4 Music for Four Hands at

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hands in A flat major, Op. 52a/15 Liebeslieder waltz No. 16 for piano, 4 hands in F minor, Op. 52a/16 Liebeslieder waltz No. 17 for piano, 4 hands in D flat major, Op. 52a/17 Liebeslieder waltz No. 18 for piano, 4 hands in B flat minor/E major/C sharp minor/C sharp major, Op. 52a/18 Neue Liebeslieder waltzes (15) for piano, 4 hands, Op. 65a

One Keyboard Music for Four Hands at One Keyboard Music for Four Hands at One Keyboard Music for Four Hands at One Keyboard

Music for Four Hands at One Keyboard Capriccio/Caprice for Capriccio for piano in B minor, Op. 76/2 Keyboard Capriccio/Caprice for Capriccio for piano in C major, Op. 76/8 Keyboard Capriccio for piano in C sharp minor, Op. Capriccio/Caprice for 76/5 Keyboard Intermezzo for piano in A flat major, Op. Intermezzo for Keyboard 76/3 Intermezzo for piano in A major, Op. 76/6 Intermezzo for Keyboard Intermezzo for piano in A minor, Op. 76/7 Intermezzo for Keyboard Intermezzo for piano in B flat major, Op. Intermezzo for Keyboard 76/4 Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in D Music for Four Hands at minor, WoO 1/11 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in D Music for Four Hands at minor, WoO 1/12 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in D Music for Four Hands at major, WoO 1/13 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in D Music for Four Hands at minor, WoO 1/14 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in B Music for Four Hands at flat major, WoO 1/15 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in F Music for Four Hands at minor, WoO1/16 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in F Music for Four Hands at sharp minor, WoO 1/17 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in D Music for Four Hands at major, WoO 1/18 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in B Music for Four Hands at minor, WoO 1/19 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in E Music for Four Hands at minor, WoO 1/20 One Keyboard Hungarian Dance for piano, 4 hands, in E Music for Four Hands at minor, WoO 1/21 One Keyboard Rhapsodies (2) for piano, Op. 79 Rhapsody for Keyboard Rhapsody for piano in B minor, Op. 79/1 Rhapsody for Keyboard Rhapsody for piano in G minor, Op. 79/2 Rhapsody for Keyboard Ballade for piano in G minor, Op. 118/3 Ballade for Keyboard Capriccio/Caprice for Capriccio for piano in D minor, Op. 116/1 Keyboard Capriccio for piano in D minor, Op. 116/7 Capriccio/Caprice for

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Keyboard Capriccio/Caprice for Capriccio for piano in G minor, Op. 116/3 Keyboard Fantasy/Fantasia for Fantasias (7) for piano, Op. 116 Keyboard Intermezzi (3) for piano, Op. 117 Intermezzo for Keyboard Intermezzo for piano in A minor, Op. Intermezzo for Keyboard 116/2 Intermezzo for piano in E major, Op. Intermezzo for Keyboard 116/4 Intermezzo for piano in E minor, Op. Intermezzo for Keyboard 116/5 Intermezzo for piano in E major, Op. Intermezzo for Keyboard 116/6 Intermezzo for piano in E flat major, Op. Intermezzo for Keyboard 117/1 Intermezzo for piano in B flat minor, Op. Intermezzo for Keyboard 117/2 Intermezzo for piano in C sharp minor, Intermezzo for Keyboard Op. 117/3 Intermezzo for piano in A major, Op.118/2 Intermezzo for Keyboard Intermezzo for piano in A minor, Op. Intermezzo for Keyboard 118/1 Intermezzo for piano in B minor, Op. Intermezzo for Keyboard 119/1 Intermezzo for piano in C major, Op.119/3 Intermezzo for Keyboard Intermezzo for piano in E flat minor, Op. Intermezzo for Keyboard 118/6 Intermezzo for piano in E minor, Op. Intermezzo for Keyboard 119/2 Intermezzo for piano in F minor, Op. Intermezzo for Keyboard 118/4 Keyboard Work Entitled Pieces (4) for piano, Op. 119 "Piece" or "Stück" Keyboard Work Entitled Pieces (6) for piano, Op. 118 "Piece" or "Stück" Rhapsody for piano in E flat major, Op. Rhapsody for Keyboard 119/4 Romance for piano in F major, Op. 118/5 Romance for Keyboard Choral prelude for organ ("Mein Jesu, Chorale Prelude or Chorale der du mich"), Op. posth. 122/1 Treatment for Keyboard Choral prelude for organ ("Herzliebster Chorale Prelude or Chorale Jesu"), Op. posth. 122/2 Treatment for Keyboard Choral prelude for organ ("O Welt, ich Chorale Prelude or Chorale muß dich lassen (I)"), Op. posth. 122/3 Treatment for Keyboard Choral prelude for organ ("Herzlich tut Chorale Prelude or Chorale mich verlangen"), Op. posth. 122/4 Treatment for Keyboard Choral prelude for organ ("Schmücke Chorale Prelude or Chorale dich, o liebe Seele"), Op. posth. 122/5 Treatment for Keyboard Choral prelude for organ ("O, wie selig Chorale Prelude or Chorale seid Ihr doch, Ihr Frommen"), Op. posth. Treatment for Keyboard 122/6

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Choral prelude for organ ("O Gott, du Chorale Prelude or Chorale frommer Gott"), Op. posth. 122/7 Treatment for Keyboard Choral prelude for organ ("Es ist ein Ros' Chorale Prelude or Chorale entsprungen"), Op. posth. 122/8 Treatment for Keyboard Choral prelude for organ ("Herzlich tut Chorale Prelude or Chorale mich verlangen I"), Op. posth. 122/9 Treatment for Keyboard Choral prelude for organ ("Herzlich tut Chorale Prelude or Chorale mich verlangen II"), Op. posth. 122/10 Treatment for Keyboard Choral prelude for organ ("O Welt, ich Chorale Prelude or Chorale muß dich lassen II"), Op. posth. 122/11 Treatment for Keyboard Chorale Prelude or Chorale Chorale Preludes (11) for organ, Op. 122 Treatment for Keyboard

Chamber Music (27) 1866 -1873 1862 -1865 1880 -1882 1886 -1888 1878 -1879 1864 -1865 1853 1853 1853 1856 1860 1861 1861 1861 1865 1865 1875 1876

String Quartet No. 1 in C minor, Op. 51/1

Quartet for Four String Instruments

Sonata for Cello & Piano No. 1 in E minor, Op. 38

Cello with Keyboard

Piano Trio No. 2 in C major, Op. 87

Trio for Keyboard and Two String Instruments

Sonata for Violin & Piano No. 3 in D minor, Op. 108 Sonata for violin & piano No. 1 in G major ("Regen"), Op. 78 String Sextet No. 2 in G major, Op. 36 Piano Trio No. 1 in B major, Op. 8

Violin with Keyboard Violin with Keyboard Sextet for Six String Instruments Trio for Keyboard and Two String Instruments

Scherzo for violin & piano in C minor (third Violin with Keyboard movement of "F-A-E Sonata"), WoO posth. 2 Trio for 2 violins & double bass (or cello) Trio for Three String Instru("Hymn in Veneration of the Great Joachim") ments Anh. 3/1 Piano Trio No. 4 in A major (spurious?), Anh. Trio for Keyboard and Two 4/5 String Instruments Sextet for Six String InstruString Sextet No. 1 in B flat major, Op. 18 ments Quartet for Keyboard and Piano Quartet No. 1 in G minor, Op. 25 Three String Instruments Quartet for Keyboard and Piano Quartet No. 2 in A major, Op. 26 Three String Instruments Quintet for Keyboard and Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 34a Four String Instruments Quartet for Four String InString Quartet No. 2 in A minor, Op. 51/2 struments Trio for Horn (or viola or cello), Violin & Pi- Mixed Chamber Ensemble ano in E flat major, Op. 40 with Keyboard Piano Quartet No. 3 in C minor ("Werther"), Quartet for Keyboard and Op. 60 Three String Instruments Quartet for Four String InString Quartet No. 3 in B flat major, Op. 67 struments

1882

String Quintet No. 1 in F major ("Spring"), Op. 88

1886

Piano Trio No. 3 in C minor, Op. 101

1886 1886 1890 1891 1891 1894 1894

Sonata for Cello & Piano No. 2 in F major, Op. 99 Sonata for Violin & Piano No. 2 in A major ("Thun"), Op. 100

Quintet for Five String Instruments Trio for Keyboard and Two String Instruments Cello with Keyboard Violin with Keyboard

Quintet for Five String Instruments Music for String Quartet Clarinet Quintet in B minor, Op. 115 with Other Instrument(s) Trio for Clarinet (or viola), Cello & Piano in A Mixed Chamber Ensemble minor, Op. 114 with Keyboard Sonata for Clarinet (or viola) & Piano No. 1 Clarinet Solo/Sonata in F minor, Op. 120/1 Sonata for Clarinet (or viola) & Piano No. 2 Clarinet Solo/Sonata in E flat major, Op. 120/2 String Quintet No. 2 in G major, Op. 111

Orchestral Music (6) 1879

1857 -1858 1857 -1860 1880 -1881 1873

Academic Festival Overture, for orchesRomantic Overture for tra in C minor ("Akademische FestouverOrchestra türe"), Op. 80 Hungarian Dances (21) for orchestra, Orchestral Music WoO1 Romantic Serenade for orchestra No. 1 in D major, Serenade/Cassation/Divertimen Op. 11 to Romantic Serenade for orchestra No. 2 in A major, Serenade/Cassation/Divertimen Op. 16 to Romantic Overture for Tragic Overture, in D minor, Op. 81 Orchestra Variations on a Theme of Haydn for orRomantic Variations for chestra in B flat major (St. Anthony VariOrchestra ations), Op. 56a

Symphony (5) 1855 -1876 Symphony No. 1 in C minor, Op. 68 Romantic Symphony 1877 Symphony No. 2 in D major, Op. 73 Romantic Symphony 1883 Symphony No. 3 in F major, Op. 90 Romantic Symphony 1885 -1885 Symphony No. 4 in E minor, Op. 98 Romantic Symphony

Concerto (4) 1887 1854 -1859 1881

Concerto for violin, cello, & orchestra in A minor ("Double"), Op. 102

Concerto for Two Solo Instruments

Piano Concerto No. 1 in D minor, Op. 15

Piano Concerto

Piano Concerto No. 2 in B flat major, Op. 83

Piano Concerto

1878

Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 77

Vocal Music (403) Choral Music (200) Orchestra (9) Arranger (9)

Violin Concerto