Java Sparrow
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Java Sparrow as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 6,009
- Pages: 34
HA W AI’I 2009 O’ahu, Kaua’i, and the Big Island of Hawai’i March 14, 2009 to March 24, 2009 Species accounts and all photographs by Phil Davis, Davidsonville, MD Guided by George Armistead and John Coons Field Guides, Incorporated BIRDS Diomedeidae Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) Many were seen on Kaua’i at Kilauea Point NWR on 3/16 both on the ground, contemplating nesting, and in close flybys. Also seen on the ground at point blank range on 3/17 at Princeville where they nest among the houses!
Page 1 of 34
Procellariidae Wedge-T ailed Shearwater (Puffinus pacificus) Approximately 100 “wedgies” were seen on our pelagic trip off the south side of Kaua’i. Nest burrows were seen at close range at Kilauea NWR on 3/16 but no birds were detected (they feed out at sea during the daytime.) Sooty Shearwater (Puffinus griseus) Several were seen on our Kaua’i pelagic on 3/17. Others were seen by a few of our group from the end of the Chain of Craters Road on the Big Island on 3/21. Christmas Shearwater (Puffinus nativitatis) At least one bird was seen well in flight and on the water during our pelagic. First spotted by David Kuhn. Identification: a mediumsized, dark-brown shearwater with a short, wedge-shaped tail and a shiny, black bill. Adult males and females are entirely dark brown, although underparts are lighter than upperparts. Flight is characterized by fast, stiff wing beats, followed by long glides. Abundance: In Hawai‘i, breeding colonies estimated at less than 3,000 pairs. Worldwide population unknown but likely less than 10,000 breeding pairs.
Page 2 of 34
Phaethontidae Red-T ailed T ropicbird(Phaethon rubricauda) Seen well in flight off of and over the east coast of O’ahu and on Kaua’i at Kilauea NWR flying about the seabird colony.
White-Tailed Tropicbird(Phaethon lepturus) A few were seen on Kaua’i at Kilauea NWR on 3/16 and seen far below us in Waimea Canyon from the overlooks on 3/17 and 3/18. Also seen at sea on our Kaua’i pelagic on 3/17.
Page 3 of 34
Sulidae Red-footed Booby (Sula sula) Seen off the east coast on O’ahu on 3/15. Large number were present at the Kaua’i breeding colony at Kilauea NWR on 3/16 and on our pelagic on 3/17. At Kilauea, a single dark morph bird was seen flying into the colony of exclusively white morph birds. Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster) Fewer numbers were seen among the Red-footed Boobies at the same O’ahu and Kaua’i locations on 3/15-17.
Fregatidae Great Frigatebird (Fregata minor) Several birds were seen in flight off the east coast of O’ahu on 3/15 and very close flybys were seen Kilauea Point NWR on 3/16.
Page 4 of 34
Ardeidae Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) [Introduced from Florida in 1959 to control pests.] Ubiquitous on O’ahu and Kaua’i on 3/15-19. Only one was seen on the Big Island at the Hilo Pond on 3/20. Black-Crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) Seen in appropriate habitat on all three islands.
Anatidae Hawaiian Goose [Nene] (Branta sandvicensis) [Endemic/Endangered] Seen on Kaua’i and the Big Island, in appropriate habitat, including at close range on the ground and in flight at Kilauea NWR on 3/17 and at Hanalei NWR on 3/17. Present in numbers on the Big Island at the Hilo Pond on 3/20 and at the Big Island Golf Course on 3/23. Population: In the mid 1900's there were less than 30 Nene in Hawai’i. Before the arrival of Capt. Cook, there were an estimated 25,000 in the islands. Now, there are approximately 2,000 in the state of Hawai’i.
Page 5 of 34
Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) Several on the Big Island at the Hilo pond on 3/20. [Ssp. ?] “Aleutian” Cackling Goose (Branta hutchinsii leucopareia) One present at the Salt Pond Park on Kaua’i on 3/16 and on the Big Island at the Kona Sewage Ponds on 3/23. “Black” Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) [Phil and Barbara found a single bird on the Big Island at Aimakapa Pond after the tour on 3/25.] American Wigeon (Anas americana) A pair was seen on the Big Island at the Kona Sewage Ponds on 3/23. Eurasian Wigeon (Anas penelope) A pair was seen on the Big Island at the Kona Sewage Ponds on 3/23. Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Seen on local ponds on O’ahu on 3/16 and on the Big Island ponds on 3/20. None were seen on Kaua’i. Hawaiian Duck [Koloa] (Anas wyvilliana) [Endemic/Endangered] Several were seen at Hanalei NWR marsh on Kaua’i. Identification: Mallard female is much larger, with white rather than buff outer tail feathers and blue-purple speculum. Hybrid Mallard x Hawaiian Duck can have any combination of parental characters, but usually larger than pure birds. Population: Once an inhabitant of most of the main Hawaiian Islands but now restricted to Kaua`i and Ni`ihau, and is reintroduced on O`ahu, Hawai`i and Maui. Population estimated to number 2,200. Some of the birds on O`ahu that resemble A. wyvilliana are pure birds; however, most are hybrids. Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) Seen on O’ahu on 3/16 and on a pond on the Big Island on 3/23.
Page 6 of 34
Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) [Phil and Barbara saw four birds on the Big Island in the Aimakapa Pond on 3/25 after the tour.] Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) [Phil and Barbara saw four birds on the Big Island in the Aimakapa Pond on 3/25 after the tour.]
Accipitridae Hawaiian Hawk [‘Io] (Buteo solitarius) [Endemic/Endangered] Three birds were seen flying over the road during our trip from Hilo to V olcano on 3/20. Some saw another fly in and land near the banding hut at Hakalau NWR on the Big Island on 3/22. [Phil and Barbara also saw another one flying overhead on their trip from Kona to South Point on the Big Island on 3/24, after the tour ended.] Population: This species is endemic to the island of Hawai'i, although vagrants occasionally wander to Maui, O'ahu, and Kaua'i. Population estimates for Hawaiian Hawk range from 1,600 to 2,700 individuals.
Meleagridae Wild T urkey (Meleagris gallopavo) [First introduced from North America in 1815] Seen along Saddle Road on the Big Island and at higher elevations on 3/22-23. [Phil and Barbara also saw a number of birds around Wiamea on the Big Island on 3/25 after the tour ended.]
Page 7 of 34
Odontophoridae California Quail (Callipepla californica) [Introduced from the Western US before 1855.] Seen along Saddle Road on the Big Island and at higher elevations on 3/22-23.
Phasianidae Chukar (Alectoris chukar) [Native to Europe and Asia. First introduced in 1923] Seen along Saddle Road on the Big Island on 3/22. Black Francolin (Francolinus francolinus) [Introduced from India in 1959.] Single birds were seen along Saddle Road on 3/22 and at the Big Island County Club on 3/23. [Phil and Barbara also saw several on 3/25, after the tour ended, on the Big Island around Waimea and the Parker Ranch HQ.]
Gray Francolin (Francolinus pondicerianus) [Introduced from Africa in 1957.] [Not seen during the tour; however, Phil and Barbara saw several birds on the Big Island near Wiamea at the Landfill and near the Parker Ranch HQ on 3/25.]
Erckel's Francolin (Francolinus erckelii) [Introduced from India in 1958.] Seen along the road up above Wiamea Canyon on Kaua’i on 3/18 and again in the same area on 3/19. Also seen along the road to Hakalau NWR on 3/22 and at the Big Island County Club on the Big Island on 3/24 [and again on 3/25 at the later location by Phil and Barbara after the tour ended.]
Page 8 of 34
Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) [The Red Junglefowl is Hawai’i's first introduced species. Colonizing Polynesians brought it to Hawai’i over 700 years ago.] We did not count the hybrids seen all over the Kaua’i lowlands’ however, the ones seen at Kōke’e State Park are considered to be “purebreds,” (especially the ones with darker legs and fewer white feathers). Some noncountable birds were also seen on the Big Island lowlands. Kalij Pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos) [Introduced from Southeast Asia in 1962.] A cooperative bird was seen along the road in the Hawai‘i V olcanoes National Park on the Big Island on 3/16. A second bird was seen by Phil on 3/17 near our lodge at V olcano on the next morning.
Page 9 of 34
Ring-Necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) [Introduced from Asia in 1865.] Seen only on the Big Island on 3/22 and 3/23 along Saddle Road and the road up to Hakalau NWR.
Rallidae Common Moorhen ['Alae 'Ula] (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) [subspecies also called “Hawaiian Gallinule”] [Endemic/Endangered Subspecies] Only one bird was seen on Kauai at Hanalei NWR from the road above and at a distance. Identification: The frontal shield appears slightly larger and extends higher up the forehead than on the mainland form; front of tarsi reddish.Abundance: Island-wide population, based on semiannual waterbird counts suggests that the population is increasing, but count numbers are variable. Between 1993 and 2003, the average annual number counted has been just under 300 individuals. Hawaiian Coot (Fulica alai) [Endemic/Endangered] Observed on O’ahu at Kuhuku Golf Course on 3/15; at Hanalei NWR on Kaua’i on 3/17; and on the Big Island at the Big Island County Club and at the Kona Sewage Ponds on 3/23. [Phil and Barbara saw them again on the Big Island on 3/25, after the tour at the same Country Club and at the Aimakapa Pond.] Identification: V ery similar to the American Coot (F . americana), but is slightly smaller in size and has a larger, more bulbous white frontal shield. Abundance: The population is stable and is estimated at between 2,000 and 4,000 individuals. T axonomy: Split from American Coot by the AOU in 1993.
Page 10 of 34
Recurvirostridae Black-Necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni) [subspecies also called "Hawaiian Stilt”] [Endemic/Endangered Subspecies] Seen on all three islands: on O’ahu on 3/15, on Kauai’i 3/17 at Hanalei NWR. On the Big Island, many more were seen at the Kona Sewage Ponds on 3/23 and on 3/24 when a flock flew over our hotel. [Phil and Barbara also saw more at the Aimakapa Pond on the Big Island on 3/25 after the tour ended.] Identification: The Hawaiian subspecies differs from the North American subspecies by having more black on its face and neck, and longer bill, tarsus, and tail. Abundance: Between 1993 and 2003, the average annual number counted has been approximately 1,300 individuals; in 2001 an average of 2,680 individuals was recorded. Taxonomy: The Hawaiian Stilt is currently regarded as a subspecies of the Blacknecked Stilt but evidence suggests that it may be better considered a full species. Stay tuned …
Charadriidae Pacific Golden-Plover [Kolea] (Pluvialis fulva) V ery common on all island in appropriate habitat, everyday.
Page 11 of 34
Scolopacidae Bristle-Thighed Curlew (Numenius tahitiensis) Seen cooperatively and at close range in the cemetery from the Kahuku Golf Course on O’ahu on 3/15.
Wandering T attler(Heterosceles incanus) Seen at the Salt Pond Park on Kaua’i on 3/16 and at the Kona Sewage Pond on the Big Island on 3/23. Also seen in the lagoon at our hotel on the Big Island on 3/23 and 3/24.
Page 12 of 34
Ruddy T urnstone (Arenaria interpres) A few were seen on all three islands; on O’ahu on 3/15, at the Salt Pond Park on Kaua’i on 3/16, and at the Kona Sewage Ponds on the Big Island on 3/23. Also seen in the lagoon at our hotel on the Big Island on 3/23 and 3/24 [and here on 3/25 by Phil and Barbara after the tour ended.] Sanderling (Calidris alba) A few were seen at the Salt Pond Park on Kaua’i on 3/16, and at the Kona Sewage Ponds on the Big Island on 3/23. Also seen in the lagoon at our hotel on the Big Island on 3/23 and 3/24. [Phil and Barbara had several on the beach near the Aimakapa Pond on the Big Island 3/25 after the tour ended.]
Sternidae Gray-Backed T ern (Sterna lunata) At least one was seen very well by all on our Kaua’i pelagic on 3/17. Identification: Similar to Sooty Terns, except back, wings, and tail feathers gray. Head and eyestripe are black. White forehead extends further back behind the eye than the sooty tern. Abundance: Worldwide breeding-population size is unknown, but possibly on the order of 70,000 breeding pairs. In Hawai‘i, population is estimated at 44,000 breeding pairs in Nihoa and other Northwest Islands. Sooty Tern (Sterna fuscata) Distant views of the huge colony on Manana Island Seabird Sanctuary off O’ahu on 3/15. Also, close views from the boat on our Kaua’i pelagic on 3/17.
Page 13 of 34
Black Noddy (Anous minutus) Several birds were seen from the boat on our 3/17 Kaua’i pelagic. On 3/21, we saw many birds around the cliffs and over the ocean at the end of the Chain of Craters Road in Hawai‘i V olcanoes National Park. [Phil and Barbara saw more over the water at South Point on 3/25 after the tour ended.] Identification: Birds in Northwestern Hawaiian Islands differ from those in main, southeastern islands in plumage color, leg and foot color, and size. Treated as “dark phase” (northwestern form) and “light phase” (southeastern form) color morphs of subspecies A. m. melanogenys by some authors. Northwestern birds slightly darker overall, with dark gray tail; paler gray tail of southeastern birds contrasts conspicuously with dark back. Legs and feet of southeastern adults usually bright orange (dusky orange to orange-yellow), unlike the mostly darker legs and feet of all other subspecies. Northwestern birds significantly larger than southeastern birds in wing, culmen, and middle toe.Abundance: In Hawai‘i, population estimated at 12,000 breeding pairs with the largest populations occurring on Midway Atoll and Nihoa. T axonomy: Seven subspecies recognized. Two distinct forms breed in Hawaiian Is.: Unpublished data indicate that northwestern form closely resemblesA. m. marcusi of nearby nw. Pacific in plumage color, leg and foot color, and size. Therefore, northwestern form is probably referable to subspecies A. m. marcusi, with subspecies name A. m. melanogenys thus restricted to southeastern form.
Page 14 of 34
Brown Noddy (Anous stolidus) A few were picked out from the Sooty Terns at the Manana Island Seabird Sanctuary off O’ahu on 3/15. Approximately 35 birds were also observed from the boat on our 3/17 pelagic off Kaua’i.
White Tern (Gygis alba) Seen flying over Kapiolani Park, in front of our O’ahu hotel, on 3/15. [Phil and Barbara also found several sitting in the Ironwood trees in the park on 3/13, before the tour started.] Population: Approximately 600 breeding pairs exist on Oahu's south shore.
Page 15 of 34
Columbidae Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) [First introduced in 1796.] Common on O’ahu and especially around Honolulu (especially, the white morph variety). Seen daily in Kaua’i and on the Big Island only around Hilo on 3/20. Spotted Dove (Streptopelia chinensis) [Introduced from Asia in the mid-1800s.] See daily on all islands.
Zebra Dove (Geopelia striata) [Introduced from Asia in 1922] See daily on all islands.
Psittacidae Rose-ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri) [Found naturally in Northeastern and north-central Africa, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal to central Burma. Established on Oahu in the early 1970's after several birds escaped from captivity.] Seen on O’ahu in the St. Louis area of Honolulu on our way up to Wa'ahila Ridge State Recreation Area on 3/15. Also, seen in Kapiolani Park and in front of the Aquarium. [Phil and Barbara found an active nest cavity in Kapiolani Park on 3/13 before the tour started.]
Page 16 of 34
Strigidae Short-Eared Owl [Pueo] (Asio flammeus sandvicensis) [Endemic subspecies] One or more birds were seen along Saddle Road on the Big Island on 3/22 and 3/23. Another bird was seen flying near the Mamane-Naio forest on the Big Island on 3/23. Population: Unknown. Pueo were widespread at the end of the 19th century, but are thought to be declining.
Page 17 of 34
Alaudidae Sky Lark (Alauda arvensis) [Introduced from England in 1865 and via New Zealand in 1870] Fairly common on the Big Island along Saddle Road on 3/23 and 3/24. [Phil and Barbara also found them on the Big Island around South Point on 3/24 and north near Wiamea on 3/25, after the tour ended.] Population: Population of at least ~10,000 is estimated on the Big Island. T axonomy: V arious authorities recognize 7–16 subspecies, worldwide. Wide range of individual variation makes subspecific diagnosis difficult without comparative series. Characters that are used to differentiate subspecies include wing length, plumage coloration, thickness and taper of bill, length of hind claw, crest profile, length of secondaries and tertials, and comparative lengths of primaries. Two subspecies known for North America; the nominate European subspeciesA. a. arvensis, probably comprises the bulk of the Hawaiian population [PCD]. A. a. japonica reportedly was introduced once in Hawai’i in 1934. Specimens identified as thepekinensis race from extreme e. Asia have been collected from the Pribilof Is. and Hawaiian Is. Red-Vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer) [First appeared on O’hau in the mid-1950s as an unauthorized cage release.] Common throughout O’ahu on 3/15.
Mimidae Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) [Introduced from North America to O’hau in 1958.] Only seen by us on Kauai’i on 3/15 and again by a few of our group on 3/17.
Page 18 of 34
T urdidae ‘Oma’o (Myadestes obscurus) [Endemic] Seen on the Big Island around the Lava Tubes in Hawai‘i V olcanoes National Park on 3/20 and at Hakalau NWR on 3/22. Population: Estimated at 170.000. Puaiohi [Kaua’i Thrush] (Myadestes palmeri) [Endemic/Endangered] Seen for the first time on this tour! The Hawaiian Island's most endangered bird. Seen on 3/19 in the Alaka’i Wilderness on Kaua’i. Population: On the basis of recent data, the current population is conservatively estimated at more than 200 individuals.
Sylviidae Japanese Bush-Warbler (Cettia diphone) [Introduced from Japan to O’hau in 1929.] On Kaua’i only; heard on 3/18; seen on 3/19 along Ha’iku Road.
Muscicapidae White-Rumped Shama (Copsychus malabaricus) [Intentionally introduced to Kaua’i from Malaysia in 1931 and released on O’hau in 1940.] We saw it on O’ahu on 3/15 at the Wa'ahila Ridge State Recreation Area and on Kaua’i at various locations on 3/17-19.
Monarchidae General ‘Elepaio Identification: BNA Online: “Geographic V ariation: Considerable plumage variation among islands, with more subtle differences within the Big Island. On the Big Island, dark brown above; white below, with variable amount of brown streaking; rufous or white in eyebrow and auriculars. Males have mostly black throat, females mostly white throat. At high elevations on w. Mauna Kea, more white on head, darker gray brown above, less streaked below. On O‘ahu I., brown above; white below, with light brown streaks on upper breast; lores white; auriculars dark. Males usually have more black on throat than females, but some overlap. Plumage dullest on Kaua‘i: Sexes alike; grayish above; white below, with orange brown wash on breast. Birds larger in wing and mass on Hawai‘i I. than on O‘ahu and Kaua‘i Is., but birds on O‘ahu have larger bill.” General ‘Elepaio T axonomy: BNA Online: “Taxonomy of ‘Elepaio has changed repeatedly, with considerable disagreement and confusion about number of taxa and their distribution caused by variation in plumage among and within islands, distinct subadult plumages in both sexes that differ among islands, and differences among islands in degree of sexual dimorphism. Taxa on each island were formerly
Page 19 of 34
considered separate species, and as many as 5 species have been recognized, sometimes without regard to island of origin. Several forms were incorrectly described from immature birds and are not valid. All forms were combined into 1 species by Bryan and Greenway, with former species regarded as subspecies. Systematic investigation of genetic, morphological, and vocal variation has begun and will help assess whether taxa on each island should be regarded as distinct species, as well as extent of variation within Hawai‘i Island populations.” V anderwerf (2007): “The 'Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis) is a monarch flycatcher (Monarchidae) endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. 'Elepaio occur on the islands of Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i, but are absent on the four islands (Maui, Moloka'i, Lana'i, and Kaho'olawe) in the center of the Hawaiian Archipelago. 'Elepaio have been classified into three or more taxa based primarily on plumage differences, each found on a single island. Each island taxon was originally described as a separate species:C. sandwichensis on Hawai'i; C. ibidis [gayi] on O'ahu; and C. sclateri on Kaua'i. These taxa were later reclassified as subspecies by Bryan and Greenway without any explanation or justification, and this taxonomy has been followed since. Some authorities continue to treat them as species, and the American Ornithologists' Union is considering a taxonomic revision of 'Elepaio in which the forms on different islands would again be separated as species. Two additional subspecies,C. s. ridgwayi and C. s. bryani, are recognized on Hawai'i by some authorities, based on variation in plumage color on the head, back, and breast.” So, there are three options regarding how to handle this endemic complex. Option 1 (the baseline) follows the Clements Checklist which indicates that there is only one‘Elepaio species that includes five subspecies. Option 2 yields three ‘Elepaio species, one each for the islands of O’hau, Kaua’i, and Hawai’i, with the later consisting of three subspecies (Hawai’i, V olcano, and Mauna Kea). With Option 3 there are five separate species of ‘Elepaio, with the Big Island group consisting of three separate species. Stay tuned … O’ahu ‘Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis gayi) [Endemic/Under consideration for Endangered status] We saw this form on O’ahu on 3/15 at the along the Kuli’ou’ou V alley Trail streambed. Identification: Crown and back dark brown; underparts white, very lightly streaked with brown on upper breast. Lores white, auricular mostly black, eyebrow and forehead rufous, forming contrasting pattern. Male usually more black on throat than female, especially chin, but sexes not always distinguishable. Kauai ‘Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis sclateri) [Endemic] We saw a number of this form on Kauai’i in the Alaka'i Wilderness on 3/18 and 3/19. Identification: Crown and back dark grayish brown; underparts white with orange brown wash on upper breast. Sexes alike.
Page 20 of 34
Hawai’i ‘Elepaio Group (Chasiempis sandwichensis) Identification: BNA Online: “Hawai‘i Island. (C. s. sandwichensis, C. s. ridgwayi, and C. s. bryani). Dark brown on crown and back, with contrasting eyebrow and forehead of rufous or white. Underparts white, with light to heavy brown streaks on breast. Throat usually mostly black in males, white in females.C. s. bryani differs in having mostly white eyebrow and auricular, grayer crown and back, and more lightly streaked breast.C. s. ridgwayi is generally darker and more heavily streaked below.C. s. sandwichensis often has more white in the eyebrow than C. s. ridgwayi.” T axonomy: BNA Online: “C. s. sandwichensis occurs in dry, leeward forests of w. and s. Hawai‘i I., from w. Ka‘ü on southern slope of Mauna Loa north through Kona on western slopes of Mauna Loa and Hualälai. C. s. ridgwayi occupies wet forests of e. Hawai‘i I. from e. Ka‘ü, V olcano, and Puna north across Hämäkua on eastern slope of Mauna Kea, to Kohala at northern tip of island. C. s. bryani is limited to small area of high-elevation forest primarily on western side of Mauna Kea. Intergradation occurs on Hawai‘i I. between ridgwayi and sandwichensis in Ka‘ü on southeastern slope of Mauna Loa, and between ridgwayi and bryani at higher elevations on northeastern slope of Mauna Kea. Isolated populations in central Hawai‘i I. at Pöhakuloa and in Saddle Road area between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa may be mixture of all 3 subspecies.” V olcano ‘Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis ridgwayi) [Endemic] We encountered this species on the Big Island in Hakalau NWR on 3/22. Hawai’i ‘Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis sandwichensis) [Endemic] We found this form on the Big Island on 3/21 at Manuka State Park. Mauna Kea ‘Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis bryani) [Endemic] We saw this form at the Mamane-Naio Forest on the Big Island on 3/23.
Timaliidae Hwamei [Melodious Laughing-Thrush] (Garrulax canorus) [First identified in the late 1960s but may have been introduced as early as 1919.] We saw this species on Kauai’i in the Alaka'i Wilderness on 3/18 and 3/19. Red-Billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) [Introduced from China in 1918.] We saw and heard this species along the Kuli’ou’ou V alley Trail streambed on O’ahu on 3/15. Several birds were also heard, but not seen, on the Big Island at Hakalau NWR and also at the Big Island County Club on 3/22 and 3/23. Population: Population mysteriously crashed on O’hau from the late 1960s to the mid-1980s but is increasing and now common again.
Page 21 of 34
Zosteropidae Japanese White-Eye (Zosterops japonicus) [Introduced from Japan to O’hau in 1929 and to the Big Island in 1937.] Common. Seen on each island, everyday.
Sturnidae Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) [Introduced from India in 1865 to control insects.] Ubiquitous. Seen on each island, everyday.
Page 22 of 34
Passeridae House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) [Introduced from New Zealand populations to O’hau in 1871.] Fairly common on all three islands, particularly around people.
Estrildidae Common Waxbill (Estrilda astrild) [Native to Africa. First identified in the late 1970s. Introduction date unknown.] Common on O’ahu in Honolulu around Kapiolani Park and the Honolulu Zoo; seen on 3/15. Also seen on 3/16 on Kauai’i around the old airstrip next to the Salt Pond Park. African Silverbill (Euodice cantans) [First recorded in the early 1970s. Introduction date unknown.] Only seen at the Big Island Country Club on the Big Island on 3/23. T axonomy: Warbling Silverbill was split into African and Indian Silverbill in 2000. Nutmeg Mannikin (Lonchura punctulata) [Introduced from Southeast Asia about 1865.] Seen on Kauai’i around the old airstrip next to the Salt Pond Park on 3/16 and in Princeville on 3/17. [Phil and Barbara also saw them on 3/13 in the Honolulu Zoo, before the tour started.]
Page 23 of 34
Chestnut Munia (Lonchura atricapilla) [Native to Southeast Asia. Unauthorized cage release first seen on O’hau in 1941 and on Kaua’i in 1975.] Seen on Kauai’i around the old airstrip next to the Salt Pond Park on 3/16 and on the grounds of our hotel in Kapa’a. Also seen on the Big Island on 3/20 in Hilo at Wailoa River State Park. Java Sparrow (Padda oryzivora) [Native to Indonesia. Originally introduced in 1867. Reintroduced in the late 1960s.] Seen on all the islands, but particularly on O’ahu in Honolulu around Kapiolani Park. Seen the grounds of our hotel in Kapa’a on 3/16 and 3/17 and in Princeville on 3/17. Seen at the Big Island County Club on 3/23. [Phil and Barbara also saw them around South Point on 3/24 after the tour ended.]
Page 24 of 34
Fringillidae House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) [Introduced from California before 1870.] Found daily on all islands in small numbers. Y ellow-Fronted Canary (Serinus mozambicus) [Native to Africa. Introduced in the late 1906s.] Found on O’ahu in Honolulu around Kapiolani Park on 3/15, especially in front of the Aquarium. Also found on the Big Island in Hilo at the Wailoa River State Park (associating with Saffron Finches). [Phil and Barbara also saw them around South Point on 3/24 and around Wiamea on 3/25 after the tour ended.]
Drepanididae Palila (Loxioides bailleui) [Endemic/Endangered] We found this rare species on the drive up to the Mamane-Naio Forest on the Big Island on 3/23 and then we saw several others well at the forest. Population: Estimates conducted annually between 1980 and 1996 reveal a variable population size, ranging from 1,584 to 5,683 birds; there are no consistent trends from these data.
Page 25 of 34
‘Amakihi T axonomy: Until 1995, the O‘ahu ‘Amakihi, and the Hawai‘i (H. virens) and Kaua‘i Amakihi (H. kauaiensis) were considered a single species: the common ‘Amakihi (H. virens). Hawai’i ‘Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) [Endemic] Seen on three days (3/2123) on the Big Island, respectively, at Manuka State Park, Hakalau NWR, and at the Mamane-Naio Forest. Distribution: Hawai‘i ‘Amakihi occur between 300 and 2,900 meters (1,000 – 9,500 feet) on the islands of Hawai‘i, Maui and Moloka‘i. Abundance: The Hawaiian Forest Bird Survey estimated the Hawai‘i ‘Amakihi population at ~870,000 individuals on the island of Hawai‘i. O’ahu ‘Amakihi (Hemignathus chloris) [Endemic] We saw this species on 3/15 on O’ahu at the Wa'ahila Ridge State Recreation Area and along the Kuli’ou’ou V alley Trail streambed. Identification: The O‘ahu ‘Amakihi is brighter and smaller than the Kaua‘i ‘Amakihi.Abundance: A 1991 survey conducted by the State of Hawai‘i Division of Forestry and Wildlife estimated the O‘ahu ‘Amakihi population at between 20,000 and 60,000 individuals. Kaua’i ‘Amakihi (Hemignathus kauaiensis) [Endemic] We saw a number of this species on Kauai’i in the Alaka'i Wilderness on 3/18 and 3/19. Identification: Kaua‘i ‘Amakihi are larger than `Amakihi on other islands with much larger bills in both the male and females.Abundance: A survey in the late 1980’s estimated a population of 15,000 – 20,000 individuals.
Page 26 of 34
‘Anianiau (Hemignathus parvus) [Endemic] We saw a number of this species on Kauai’i in the Alaka'i Wilderness on 3/18 and 3/19. Abundance: The Kaua‘i Forest Bird Survey (2000) estimated the population within the Alaka‘i and Kōke‘e region at close to 35,000 individuals, and reported a significant population increase between 1981 and 2000. The population appears stable in its current range. ‘Akiapola‘au (Hemignathus munroi) [Endemic/Endangered] The rarest species on the Big Island. We found several birds, including a very cooperative individual, in Hakalau NWR on 3/22. Abundance: The Hawai‘i Forest Bird Survey estimated ~1500 birds.
Hawai‘i Creeper (Oreomystis mana) [Endemic/Endangered] Several seen rather well at Hakalau NWR on 3/22. Abundance: Population estimates based on Hawai‘i Forest Bird Survey conducted in the early 1980s indicated a total population of about 12,400 birds.
Page 27 of 34
‘Akeke‘e (Loxops caeruleirostris) [Endemic/Endangered] In the Alaka'i Wilderness on Kauai’i, one bird was heard on 3/18; however, another was seen by our group on 3/19. Abundance: The Hawaiian Forest Bird Survey (1981) estimated a population of ~1674 in the central Alaka‘i region. The population appears to have remained stable during the last 35 years despite declines of other Kaua‘i forest birds and the impact of two hurricanes. ‘Akepa (Loxops coccineus coccineus) [Endemic/Endangered] Several seen rather well at Hakalau NWR on 3/22. Abundance: The Hawai‘i Forest Bird Survey estimated the ‘Akepa population to include ~14,000 individuals in 1980.
Page 28 of 34
‘I‘iwi (V estiaria coccinea) [Endemic] In the Alaka'i Wilderness on Kaua’i, this species was only seen by a few on 3/18 and it was heard on 3/19. However, on the Big Island, we saw many on 3/22 at Hakalau NWR. Barbara saw a juvenile bird on 3/23 at the Mamane-Naio Forest. Abundance: The following island population estimates are based on Hawaiian Forest Bird Surveys (1976-1981): ~340,000 individuals on island of Hawai‘i (88% in Hāmākua), ~19,000 individuals on east Maui, ~180 on west Maui, ~80 individuals on Moloka‘i, and ~5,400 in the Alaka‘i Swamp on Kaua‘i. Recent surveys (1996) suggests O‘ahu supports less than 50 birds. In 1988, two birds were detected on Moloka‘i. On Kaua‘i, populations declined after the 1992 hurricane, but changed little between 1994 and 2000. The overall population may be declining, but the species’ wide-ranging foraging complicates population estimates and the determination of long-term trends.
‘Apapane (Himatione sanguinea) [Endemic] Seen daily in the highlands of Kaui’i and the Big Island from 3/18 through 3/22. Plentiful at our lodge at V olcano on 3/20 and 3/21. A few saw one on 3/23 at the Mamane-Naio Forest. Abundance: The following island population estimates are based on Hawaiian Forest Bird Surveys (1976-1981): ~1,080,000 individuals on island of Hawai‘i, ~110,000 individuals on Maui (86% on Haleakalā), ~39,000 individuals on Moloka‘i, ~540 individuals on Lāna‘i, and ~30,000 individuals on Kaua‘i. On Kaua‘i, populations declined after the 1992 hurricane but have significantly increased since. The 2000 Kaua‘i Forest Bird Survey estimated the population at ~64,972 individuals.
Page 29 of 34
Emberizidae Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola) [Native to South America. Introduced in the 1960s.] Common on the Big Island. Seen at Hilo at the Wailoa River State Park on 3/20 and at the Big Island Country Club on 3/23. Present daily on the grounds of our hotel at Kona.
Red-Crested Cardinal (Paroaria coronata) [Introduced from South America to O’hau around 1930] Common in park-like habitats on O’ahu and Kauai. Seen daily on both islands from 3/15 through 3/19.
Page 30 of 34
Y ellow-Billed Cardinal (Paroaria capitata) [Native to South America. First recorded in 1973.] Found only on the Big Island. Two birds were seen at Hilo at the Wailoa River State Park on 3/20 and several pairs inhabited our hotel grounds at Kona from 3/21 on.
Cardinalidae Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) [Introduced from the Eastern US in 1929.] Seen or heard on all three islands, daily.
Icteridae Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) [Introduced from the Western US in 1931] Seen only on Kauai’i on 3/16 around the old airstrip next to the Salt Pond Park.
MAMMALS Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Seen off the east coast of O’ahu on 3/15 and off Kaua’i on 3/16 and 3/17. Small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) [Native to South and Southeast Asia. In 1883 72 mongooses were introduced from Jamaica to the Big Island to control rats. Offspring were later shipped to plantations on the other islands.] Seen daily on the Big Island. [Phil and Barbara saw several on the east coast of O’ahu on 3/13, before the tour began.] Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi) [Endemic/Endangered] One was hauled out a Kilauea NWR on 3/16, providing good looks to all. Population: The population of Hawaiian monk seals continues to decline and, in 2008, it is estimated that only 1,200 individuals remain.
Page 31 of 34
Domestic Goat (Capra hircus) Seen by all on the Big Island on 3/22 and 3/23 while in transit to/from the prime birding areas. Feral Donkey (Equus asinus) Seen by all on the Big Island on 3/22 and 3/23 while in transit to/from the prime birding areas.
MARINE SPECIES Pacific Green Sea T urtle (Chelonia mydus) Two were seen at black sand Punalu’u Beach Park on 3/21 and several were seen in the lagoon at our hotel on 3/21 and 3/23. Manta Ray (Manta birostris) [Phil and Barbara went to the Sheraton Keauhou Bay Resort & Spa on the evening of 3/24 to witness the nightly feeding of the Manta Rays. Two large animals were swimming and cavorting under the hotel’s high-powered lights. Also, a boat load of snorklers was in the water nearby to witness the feeding. This was an eerie sight; with only the tips of the swimmers snorkels lighted in the darkness. We understand that this is a nightly event between 7 and 10 pm.] Humuhumunuku-nukuapua 'a [Reef Trigger Fish] (Rhinecanthus rectangulus) [Designated the official state fish of Hawai’i in 1985.] We saw several in the lagoon at our hotel in Kona on 3/24 and 3/25.
Page 32 of 34
Morish Idol (Zanclus cornutus) We saw several in the lagoon at our hotel in Kona on 3/23 and 3/24.
Magnificent Snake Eel (Myrichthys magnificus) We saw several in the lagoon at our hotel in Kona on 3/23 through 3/25. [I think this is correct species. PCD]
Page 33 of 34
BUTTERFLIES Kamehameha (V anessa tameamea) [Endemic] Red Admiral (V anessa atalanta) Cabbage White (Pieris rapae) Monarch (Danaus plexippus) Gulf Fritillary (Agraulis vanillae)
MISSES Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis). Not seen on our Kaua’i pelagic. Mottled Petrel (Pterodroma inexpectata) Seen by George Armistead, only, at a distance on the pelagic trip on 3/17. T ownsend’s (Newell’s) Shearwater(Puffinus auricularis newelli). Not seen on our Kaua’i pelagic. Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse (Pterocies exustus). Barbara and Phil tried to no avail on 3/25 around the town of Wiamea on the Big Island. Red-Whiskered Bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus). Not encountered on O’ahu. Greater Necklaced Laughing-Thrush (Garrulax pectralis). We tried for it on 3/19 along Ha’iku Road on Kaua’i. Red-cheeked Cordonbleu (Uraeginthus bengalus). Our group tried at a location off of Hwy 190 on the Big Island. Lavender Waxbill (Estrilda caeruiescens). Not encountered. Orange-cheeked Waxbill (Estrilda meipoda). Not encountered. Red Avadavat (Amandava amandava). Not seen at the Big Island Golf Course. ‘Akikiki [Kaua’i Creeper] (Oreomystis bardi) [Endemic]. Not seen in the Alaka’i Wilderness on Kaua’i.
Page 34 of 34
Page 1 of 34
Procellariidae Wedge-T ailed Shearwater (Puffinus pacificus) Approximately 100 “wedgies” were seen on our pelagic trip off the south side of Kaua’i. Nest burrows were seen at close range at Kilauea NWR on 3/16 but no birds were detected (they feed out at sea during the daytime.) Sooty Shearwater (Puffinus griseus) Several were seen on our Kaua’i pelagic on 3/17. Others were seen by a few of our group from the end of the Chain of Craters Road on the Big Island on 3/21. Christmas Shearwater (Puffinus nativitatis) At least one bird was seen well in flight and on the water during our pelagic. First spotted by David Kuhn. Identification: a mediumsized, dark-brown shearwater with a short, wedge-shaped tail and a shiny, black bill. Adult males and females are entirely dark brown, although underparts are lighter than upperparts. Flight is characterized by fast, stiff wing beats, followed by long glides. Abundance: In Hawai‘i, breeding colonies estimated at less than 3,000 pairs. Worldwide population unknown but likely less than 10,000 breeding pairs.
Page 2 of 34
Phaethontidae Red-T ailed T ropicbird(Phaethon rubricauda) Seen well in flight off of and over the east coast of O’ahu and on Kaua’i at Kilauea NWR flying about the seabird colony.
White-Tailed Tropicbird(Phaethon lepturus) A few were seen on Kaua’i at Kilauea NWR on 3/16 and seen far below us in Waimea Canyon from the overlooks on 3/17 and 3/18. Also seen at sea on our Kaua’i pelagic on 3/17.
Page 3 of 34
Sulidae Red-footed Booby (Sula sula) Seen off the east coast on O’ahu on 3/15. Large number were present at the Kaua’i breeding colony at Kilauea NWR on 3/16 and on our pelagic on 3/17. At Kilauea, a single dark morph bird was seen flying into the colony of exclusively white morph birds. Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster) Fewer numbers were seen among the Red-footed Boobies at the same O’ahu and Kaua’i locations on 3/15-17.
Fregatidae Great Frigatebird (Fregata minor) Several birds were seen in flight off the east coast of O’ahu on 3/15 and very close flybys were seen Kilauea Point NWR on 3/16.
Page 4 of 34
Ardeidae Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) [Introduced from Florida in 1959 to control pests.] Ubiquitous on O’ahu and Kaua’i on 3/15-19. Only one was seen on the Big Island at the Hilo Pond on 3/20. Black-Crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) Seen in appropriate habitat on all three islands.
Anatidae Hawaiian Goose [Nene] (Branta sandvicensis) [Endemic/Endangered] Seen on Kaua’i and the Big Island, in appropriate habitat, including at close range on the ground and in flight at Kilauea NWR on 3/17 and at Hanalei NWR on 3/17. Present in numbers on the Big Island at the Hilo Pond on 3/20 and at the Big Island Golf Course on 3/23. Population: In the mid 1900's there were less than 30 Nene in Hawai’i. Before the arrival of Capt. Cook, there were an estimated 25,000 in the islands. Now, there are approximately 2,000 in the state of Hawai’i.
Page 5 of 34
Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) Several on the Big Island at the Hilo pond on 3/20. [Ssp. ?] “Aleutian” Cackling Goose (Branta hutchinsii leucopareia) One present at the Salt Pond Park on Kaua’i on 3/16 and on the Big Island at the Kona Sewage Ponds on 3/23. “Black” Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) [Phil and Barbara found a single bird on the Big Island at Aimakapa Pond after the tour on 3/25.] American Wigeon (Anas americana) A pair was seen on the Big Island at the Kona Sewage Ponds on 3/23. Eurasian Wigeon (Anas penelope) A pair was seen on the Big Island at the Kona Sewage Ponds on 3/23. Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Seen on local ponds on O’ahu on 3/16 and on the Big Island ponds on 3/20. None were seen on Kaua’i. Hawaiian Duck [Koloa] (Anas wyvilliana) [Endemic/Endangered] Several were seen at Hanalei NWR marsh on Kaua’i. Identification: Mallard female is much larger, with white rather than buff outer tail feathers and blue-purple speculum. Hybrid Mallard x Hawaiian Duck can have any combination of parental characters, but usually larger than pure birds. Population: Once an inhabitant of most of the main Hawaiian Islands but now restricted to Kaua`i and Ni`ihau, and is reintroduced on O`ahu, Hawai`i and Maui. Population estimated to number 2,200. Some of the birds on O`ahu that resemble A. wyvilliana are pure birds; however, most are hybrids. Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) Seen on O’ahu on 3/16 and on a pond on the Big Island on 3/23.
Page 6 of 34
Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) [Phil and Barbara saw four birds on the Big Island in the Aimakapa Pond on 3/25 after the tour.] Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) [Phil and Barbara saw four birds on the Big Island in the Aimakapa Pond on 3/25 after the tour.]
Accipitridae Hawaiian Hawk [‘Io] (Buteo solitarius) [Endemic/Endangered] Three birds were seen flying over the road during our trip from Hilo to V olcano on 3/20. Some saw another fly in and land near the banding hut at Hakalau NWR on the Big Island on 3/22. [Phil and Barbara also saw another one flying overhead on their trip from Kona to South Point on the Big Island on 3/24, after the tour ended.] Population: This species is endemic to the island of Hawai'i, although vagrants occasionally wander to Maui, O'ahu, and Kaua'i. Population estimates for Hawaiian Hawk range from 1,600 to 2,700 individuals.
Meleagridae Wild T urkey (Meleagris gallopavo) [First introduced from North America in 1815] Seen along Saddle Road on the Big Island and at higher elevations on 3/22-23. [Phil and Barbara also saw a number of birds around Wiamea on the Big Island on 3/25 after the tour ended.]
Page 7 of 34
Odontophoridae California Quail (Callipepla californica) [Introduced from the Western US before 1855.] Seen along Saddle Road on the Big Island and at higher elevations on 3/22-23.
Phasianidae Chukar (Alectoris chukar) [Native to Europe and Asia. First introduced in 1923] Seen along Saddle Road on the Big Island on 3/22. Black Francolin (Francolinus francolinus) [Introduced from India in 1959.] Single birds were seen along Saddle Road on 3/22 and at the Big Island County Club on 3/23. [Phil and Barbara also saw several on 3/25, after the tour ended, on the Big Island around Waimea and the Parker Ranch HQ.]
Gray Francolin (Francolinus pondicerianus) [Introduced from Africa in 1957.] [Not seen during the tour; however, Phil and Barbara saw several birds on the Big Island near Wiamea at the Landfill and near the Parker Ranch HQ on 3/25.]
Erckel's Francolin (Francolinus erckelii) [Introduced from India in 1958.] Seen along the road up above Wiamea Canyon on Kaua’i on 3/18 and again in the same area on 3/19. Also seen along the road to Hakalau NWR on 3/22 and at the Big Island County Club on the Big Island on 3/24 [and again on 3/25 at the later location by Phil and Barbara after the tour ended.]
Page 8 of 34
Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) [The Red Junglefowl is Hawai’i's first introduced species. Colonizing Polynesians brought it to Hawai’i over 700 years ago.] We did not count the hybrids seen all over the Kaua’i lowlands’ however, the ones seen at Kōke’e State Park are considered to be “purebreds,” (especially the ones with darker legs and fewer white feathers). Some noncountable birds were also seen on the Big Island lowlands. Kalij Pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos) [Introduced from Southeast Asia in 1962.] A cooperative bird was seen along the road in the Hawai‘i V olcanoes National Park on the Big Island on 3/16. A second bird was seen by Phil on 3/17 near our lodge at V olcano on the next morning.
Page 9 of 34
Ring-Necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) [Introduced from Asia in 1865.] Seen only on the Big Island on 3/22 and 3/23 along Saddle Road and the road up to Hakalau NWR.
Rallidae Common Moorhen ['Alae 'Ula] (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) [subspecies also called “Hawaiian Gallinule”] [Endemic/Endangered Subspecies] Only one bird was seen on Kauai at Hanalei NWR from the road above and at a distance. Identification: The frontal shield appears slightly larger and extends higher up the forehead than on the mainland form; front of tarsi reddish.Abundance: Island-wide population, based on semiannual waterbird counts suggests that the population is increasing, but count numbers are variable. Between 1993 and 2003, the average annual number counted has been just under 300 individuals. Hawaiian Coot (Fulica alai) [Endemic/Endangered] Observed on O’ahu at Kuhuku Golf Course on 3/15; at Hanalei NWR on Kaua’i on 3/17; and on the Big Island at the Big Island County Club and at the Kona Sewage Ponds on 3/23. [Phil and Barbara saw them again on the Big Island on 3/25, after the tour at the same Country Club and at the Aimakapa Pond.] Identification: V ery similar to the American Coot (F . americana), but is slightly smaller in size and has a larger, more bulbous white frontal shield. Abundance: The population is stable and is estimated at between 2,000 and 4,000 individuals. T axonomy: Split from American Coot by the AOU in 1993.
Page 10 of 34
Recurvirostridae Black-Necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni) [subspecies also called "Hawaiian Stilt”] [Endemic/Endangered Subspecies] Seen on all three islands: on O’ahu on 3/15, on Kauai’i 3/17 at Hanalei NWR. On the Big Island, many more were seen at the Kona Sewage Ponds on 3/23 and on 3/24 when a flock flew over our hotel. [Phil and Barbara also saw more at the Aimakapa Pond on the Big Island on 3/25 after the tour ended.] Identification: The Hawaiian subspecies differs from the North American subspecies by having more black on its face and neck, and longer bill, tarsus, and tail. Abundance: Between 1993 and 2003, the average annual number counted has been approximately 1,300 individuals; in 2001 an average of 2,680 individuals was recorded. Taxonomy: The Hawaiian Stilt is currently regarded as a subspecies of the Blacknecked Stilt but evidence suggests that it may be better considered a full species. Stay tuned …
Charadriidae Pacific Golden-Plover [Kolea] (Pluvialis fulva) V ery common on all island in appropriate habitat, everyday.
Page 11 of 34
Scolopacidae Bristle-Thighed Curlew (Numenius tahitiensis) Seen cooperatively and at close range in the cemetery from the Kahuku Golf Course on O’ahu on 3/15.
Wandering T attler(Heterosceles incanus) Seen at the Salt Pond Park on Kaua’i on 3/16 and at the Kona Sewage Pond on the Big Island on 3/23. Also seen in the lagoon at our hotel on the Big Island on 3/23 and 3/24.
Page 12 of 34
Ruddy T urnstone (Arenaria interpres) A few were seen on all three islands; on O’ahu on 3/15, at the Salt Pond Park on Kaua’i on 3/16, and at the Kona Sewage Ponds on the Big Island on 3/23. Also seen in the lagoon at our hotel on the Big Island on 3/23 and 3/24 [and here on 3/25 by Phil and Barbara after the tour ended.] Sanderling (Calidris alba) A few were seen at the Salt Pond Park on Kaua’i on 3/16, and at the Kona Sewage Ponds on the Big Island on 3/23. Also seen in the lagoon at our hotel on the Big Island on 3/23 and 3/24. [Phil and Barbara had several on the beach near the Aimakapa Pond on the Big Island 3/25 after the tour ended.]
Sternidae Gray-Backed T ern (Sterna lunata) At least one was seen very well by all on our Kaua’i pelagic on 3/17. Identification: Similar to Sooty Terns, except back, wings, and tail feathers gray. Head and eyestripe are black. White forehead extends further back behind the eye than the sooty tern. Abundance: Worldwide breeding-population size is unknown, but possibly on the order of 70,000 breeding pairs. In Hawai‘i, population is estimated at 44,000 breeding pairs in Nihoa and other Northwest Islands. Sooty Tern (Sterna fuscata) Distant views of the huge colony on Manana Island Seabird Sanctuary off O’ahu on 3/15. Also, close views from the boat on our Kaua’i pelagic on 3/17.
Page 13 of 34
Black Noddy (Anous minutus) Several birds were seen from the boat on our 3/17 Kaua’i pelagic. On 3/21, we saw many birds around the cliffs and over the ocean at the end of the Chain of Craters Road in Hawai‘i V olcanoes National Park. [Phil and Barbara saw more over the water at South Point on 3/25 after the tour ended.] Identification: Birds in Northwestern Hawaiian Islands differ from those in main, southeastern islands in plumage color, leg and foot color, and size. Treated as “dark phase” (northwestern form) and “light phase” (southeastern form) color morphs of subspecies A. m. melanogenys by some authors. Northwestern birds slightly darker overall, with dark gray tail; paler gray tail of southeastern birds contrasts conspicuously with dark back. Legs and feet of southeastern adults usually bright orange (dusky orange to orange-yellow), unlike the mostly darker legs and feet of all other subspecies. Northwestern birds significantly larger than southeastern birds in wing, culmen, and middle toe.Abundance: In Hawai‘i, population estimated at 12,000 breeding pairs with the largest populations occurring on Midway Atoll and Nihoa. T axonomy: Seven subspecies recognized. Two distinct forms breed in Hawaiian Is.: Unpublished data indicate that northwestern form closely resemblesA. m. marcusi of nearby nw. Pacific in plumage color, leg and foot color, and size. Therefore, northwestern form is probably referable to subspecies A. m. marcusi, with subspecies name A. m. melanogenys thus restricted to southeastern form.
Page 14 of 34
Brown Noddy (Anous stolidus) A few were picked out from the Sooty Terns at the Manana Island Seabird Sanctuary off O’ahu on 3/15. Approximately 35 birds were also observed from the boat on our 3/17 pelagic off Kaua’i.
White Tern (Gygis alba) Seen flying over Kapiolani Park, in front of our O’ahu hotel, on 3/15. [Phil and Barbara also found several sitting in the Ironwood trees in the park on 3/13, before the tour started.] Population: Approximately 600 breeding pairs exist on Oahu's south shore.
Page 15 of 34
Columbidae Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) [First introduced in 1796.] Common on O’ahu and especially around Honolulu (especially, the white morph variety). Seen daily in Kaua’i and on the Big Island only around Hilo on 3/20. Spotted Dove (Streptopelia chinensis) [Introduced from Asia in the mid-1800s.] See daily on all islands.
Zebra Dove (Geopelia striata) [Introduced from Asia in 1922] See daily on all islands.
Psittacidae Rose-ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri) [Found naturally in Northeastern and north-central Africa, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal to central Burma. Established on Oahu in the early 1970's after several birds escaped from captivity.] Seen on O’ahu in the St. Louis area of Honolulu on our way up to Wa'ahila Ridge State Recreation Area on 3/15. Also, seen in Kapiolani Park and in front of the Aquarium. [Phil and Barbara found an active nest cavity in Kapiolani Park on 3/13 before the tour started.]
Page 16 of 34
Strigidae Short-Eared Owl [Pueo] (Asio flammeus sandvicensis) [Endemic subspecies] One or more birds were seen along Saddle Road on the Big Island on 3/22 and 3/23. Another bird was seen flying near the Mamane-Naio forest on the Big Island on 3/23. Population: Unknown. Pueo were widespread at the end of the 19th century, but are thought to be declining.
Page 17 of 34
Alaudidae Sky Lark (Alauda arvensis) [Introduced from England in 1865 and via New Zealand in 1870] Fairly common on the Big Island along Saddle Road on 3/23 and 3/24. [Phil and Barbara also found them on the Big Island around South Point on 3/24 and north near Wiamea on 3/25, after the tour ended.] Population: Population of at least ~10,000 is estimated on the Big Island. T axonomy: V arious authorities recognize 7–16 subspecies, worldwide. Wide range of individual variation makes subspecific diagnosis difficult without comparative series. Characters that are used to differentiate subspecies include wing length, plumage coloration, thickness and taper of bill, length of hind claw, crest profile, length of secondaries and tertials, and comparative lengths of primaries. Two subspecies known for North America; the nominate European subspeciesA. a. arvensis, probably comprises the bulk of the Hawaiian population [PCD]. A. a. japonica reportedly was introduced once in Hawai’i in 1934. Specimens identified as thepekinensis race from extreme e. Asia have been collected from the Pribilof Is. and Hawaiian Is. Red-Vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer) [First appeared on O’hau in the mid-1950s as an unauthorized cage release.] Common throughout O’ahu on 3/15.
Mimidae Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) [Introduced from North America to O’hau in 1958.] Only seen by us on Kauai’i on 3/15 and again by a few of our group on 3/17.
Page 18 of 34
T urdidae ‘Oma’o (Myadestes obscurus) [Endemic] Seen on the Big Island around the Lava Tubes in Hawai‘i V olcanoes National Park on 3/20 and at Hakalau NWR on 3/22. Population: Estimated at 170.000. Puaiohi [Kaua’i Thrush] (Myadestes palmeri) [Endemic/Endangered] Seen for the first time on this tour! The Hawaiian Island's most endangered bird. Seen on 3/19 in the Alaka’i Wilderness on Kaua’i. Population: On the basis of recent data, the current population is conservatively estimated at more than 200 individuals.
Sylviidae Japanese Bush-Warbler (Cettia diphone) [Introduced from Japan to O’hau in 1929.] On Kaua’i only; heard on 3/18; seen on 3/19 along Ha’iku Road.
Muscicapidae White-Rumped Shama (Copsychus malabaricus) [Intentionally introduced to Kaua’i from Malaysia in 1931 and released on O’hau in 1940.] We saw it on O’ahu on 3/15 at the Wa'ahila Ridge State Recreation Area and on Kaua’i at various locations on 3/17-19.
Monarchidae General ‘Elepaio Identification: BNA Online: “Geographic V ariation: Considerable plumage variation among islands, with more subtle differences within the Big Island. On the Big Island, dark brown above; white below, with variable amount of brown streaking; rufous or white in eyebrow and auriculars. Males have mostly black throat, females mostly white throat. At high elevations on w. Mauna Kea, more white on head, darker gray brown above, less streaked below. On O‘ahu I., brown above; white below, with light brown streaks on upper breast; lores white; auriculars dark. Males usually have more black on throat than females, but some overlap. Plumage dullest on Kaua‘i: Sexes alike; grayish above; white below, with orange brown wash on breast. Birds larger in wing and mass on Hawai‘i I. than on O‘ahu and Kaua‘i Is., but birds on O‘ahu have larger bill.” General ‘Elepaio T axonomy: BNA Online: “Taxonomy of ‘Elepaio has changed repeatedly, with considerable disagreement and confusion about number of taxa and their distribution caused by variation in plumage among and within islands, distinct subadult plumages in both sexes that differ among islands, and differences among islands in degree of sexual dimorphism. Taxa on each island were formerly
Page 19 of 34
considered separate species, and as many as 5 species have been recognized, sometimes without regard to island of origin. Several forms were incorrectly described from immature birds and are not valid. All forms were combined into 1 species by Bryan and Greenway, with former species regarded as subspecies. Systematic investigation of genetic, morphological, and vocal variation has begun and will help assess whether taxa on each island should be regarded as distinct species, as well as extent of variation within Hawai‘i Island populations.” V anderwerf (2007): “The 'Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis) is a monarch flycatcher (Monarchidae) endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. 'Elepaio occur on the islands of Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i, but are absent on the four islands (Maui, Moloka'i, Lana'i, and Kaho'olawe) in the center of the Hawaiian Archipelago. 'Elepaio have been classified into three or more taxa based primarily on plumage differences, each found on a single island. Each island taxon was originally described as a separate species:C. sandwichensis on Hawai'i; C. ibidis [gayi] on O'ahu; and C. sclateri on Kaua'i. These taxa were later reclassified as subspecies by Bryan and Greenway without any explanation or justification, and this taxonomy has been followed since. Some authorities continue to treat them as species, and the American Ornithologists' Union is considering a taxonomic revision of 'Elepaio in which the forms on different islands would again be separated as species. Two additional subspecies,C. s. ridgwayi and C. s. bryani, are recognized on Hawai'i by some authorities, based on variation in plumage color on the head, back, and breast.” So, there are three options regarding how to handle this endemic complex. Option 1 (the baseline) follows the Clements Checklist which indicates that there is only one‘Elepaio species that includes five subspecies. Option 2 yields three ‘Elepaio species, one each for the islands of O’hau, Kaua’i, and Hawai’i, with the later consisting of three subspecies (Hawai’i, V olcano, and Mauna Kea). With Option 3 there are five separate species of ‘Elepaio, with the Big Island group consisting of three separate species. Stay tuned … O’ahu ‘Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis gayi) [Endemic/Under consideration for Endangered status] We saw this form on O’ahu on 3/15 at the along the Kuli’ou’ou V alley Trail streambed. Identification: Crown and back dark brown; underparts white, very lightly streaked with brown on upper breast. Lores white, auricular mostly black, eyebrow and forehead rufous, forming contrasting pattern. Male usually more black on throat than female, especially chin, but sexes not always distinguishable. Kauai ‘Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis sclateri) [Endemic] We saw a number of this form on Kauai’i in the Alaka'i Wilderness on 3/18 and 3/19. Identification: Crown and back dark grayish brown; underparts white with orange brown wash on upper breast. Sexes alike.
Page 20 of 34
Hawai’i ‘Elepaio Group (Chasiempis sandwichensis) Identification: BNA Online: “Hawai‘i Island. (C. s. sandwichensis, C. s. ridgwayi, and C. s. bryani). Dark brown on crown and back, with contrasting eyebrow and forehead of rufous or white. Underparts white, with light to heavy brown streaks on breast. Throat usually mostly black in males, white in females.C. s. bryani differs in having mostly white eyebrow and auricular, grayer crown and back, and more lightly streaked breast.C. s. ridgwayi is generally darker and more heavily streaked below.C. s. sandwichensis often has more white in the eyebrow than C. s. ridgwayi.” T axonomy: BNA Online: “C. s. sandwichensis occurs in dry, leeward forests of w. and s. Hawai‘i I., from w. Ka‘ü on southern slope of Mauna Loa north through Kona on western slopes of Mauna Loa and Hualälai. C. s. ridgwayi occupies wet forests of e. Hawai‘i I. from e. Ka‘ü, V olcano, and Puna north across Hämäkua on eastern slope of Mauna Kea, to Kohala at northern tip of island. C. s. bryani is limited to small area of high-elevation forest primarily on western side of Mauna Kea. Intergradation occurs on Hawai‘i I. between ridgwayi and sandwichensis in Ka‘ü on southeastern slope of Mauna Loa, and between ridgwayi and bryani at higher elevations on northeastern slope of Mauna Kea. Isolated populations in central Hawai‘i I. at Pöhakuloa and in Saddle Road area between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa may be mixture of all 3 subspecies.” V olcano ‘Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis ridgwayi) [Endemic] We encountered this species on the Big Island in Hakalau NWR on 3/22. Hawai’i ‘Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis sandwichensis) [Endemic] We found this form on the Big Island on 3/21 at Manuka State Park. Mauna Kea ‘Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis bryani) [Endemic] We saw this form at the Mamane-Naio Forest on the Big Island on 3/23.
Timaliidae Hwamei [Melodious Laughing-Thrush] (Garrulax canorus) [First identified in the late 1960s but may have been introduced as early as 1919.] We saw this species on Kauai’i in the Alaka'i Wilderness on 3/18 and 3/19. Red-Billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) [Introduced from China in 1918.] We saw and heard this species along the Kuli’ou’ou V alley Trail streambed on O’ahu on 3/15. Several birds were also heard, but not seen, on the Big Island at Hakalau NWR and also at the Big Island County Club on 3/22 and 3/23. Population: Population mysteriously crashed on O’hau from the late 1960s to the mid-1980s but is increasing and now common again.
Page 21 of 34
Zosteropidae Japanese White-Eye (Zosterops japonicus) [Introduced from Japan to O’hau in 1929 and to the Big Island in 1937.] Common. Seen on each island, everyday.
Sturnidae Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) [Introduced from India in 1865 to control insects.] Ubiquitous. Seen on each island, everyday.
Page 22 of 34
Passeridae House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) [Introduced from New Zealand populations to O’hau in 1871.] Fairly common on all three islands, particularly around people.
Estrildidae Common Waxbill (Estrilda astrild) [Native to Africa. First identified in the late 1970s. Introduction date unknown.] Common on O’ahu in Honolulu around Kapiolani Park and the Honolulu Zoo; seen on 3/15. Also seen on 3/16 on Kauai’i around the old airstrip next to the Salt Pond Park. African Silverbill (Euodice cantans) [First recorded in the early 1970s. Introduction date unknown.] Only seen at the Big Island Country Club on the Big Island on 3/23. T axonomy: Warbling Silverbill was split into African and Indian Silverbill in 2000. Nutmeg Mannikin (Lonchura punctulata) [Introduced from Southeast Asia about 1865.] Seen on Kauai’i around the old airstrip next to the Salt Pond Park on 3/16 and in Princeville on 3/17. [Phil and Barbara also saw them on 3/13 in the Honolulu Zoo, before the tour started.]
Page 23 of 34
Chestnut Munia (Lonchura atricapilla) [Native to Southeast Asia. Unauthorized cage release first seen on O’hau in 1941 and on Kaua’i in 1975.] Seen on Kauai’i around the old airstrip next to the Salt Pond Park on 3/16 and on the grounds of our hotel in Kapa’a. Also seen on the Big Island on 3/20 in Hilo at Wailoa River State Park. Java Sparrow (Padda oryzivora) [Native to Indonesia. Originally introduced in 1867. Reintroduced in the late 1960s.] Seen on all the islands, but particularly on O’ahu in Honolulu around Kapiolani Park. Seen the grounds of our hotel in Kapa’a on 3/16 and 3/17 and in Princeville on 3/17. Seen at the Big Island County Club on 3/23. [Phil and Barbara also saw them around South Point on 3/24 after the tour ended.]
Page 24 of 34
Fringillidae House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) [Introduced from California before 1870.] Found daily on all islands in small numbers. Y ellow-Fronted Canary (Serinus mozambicus) [Native to Africa. Introduced in the late 1906s.] Found on O’ahu in Honolulu around Kapiolani Park on 3/15, especially in front of the Aquarium. Also found on the Big Island in Hilo at the Wailoa River State Park (associating with Saffron Finches). [Phil and Barbara also saw them around South Point on 3/24 and around Wiamea on 3/25 after the tour ended.]
Drepanididae Palila (Loxioides bailleui) [Endemic/Endangered] We found this rare species on the drive up to the Mamane-Naio Forest on the Big Island on 3/23 and then we saw several others well at the forest. Population: Estimates conducted annually between 1980 and 1996 reveal a variable population size, ranging from 1,584 to 5,683 birds; there are no consistent trends from these data.
Page 25 of 34
‘Amakihi T axonomy: Until 1995, the O‘ahu ‘Amakihi, and the Hawai‘i (H. virens) and Kaua‘i Amakihi (H. kauaiensis) were considered a single species: the common ‘Amakihi (H. virens). Hawai’i ‘Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) [Endemic] Seen on three days (3/2123) on the Big Island, respectively, at Manuka State Park, Hakalau NWR, and at the Mamane-Naio Forest. Distribution: Hawai‘i ‘Amakihi occur between 300 and 2,900 meters (1,000 – 9,500 feet) on the islands of Hawai‘i, Maui and Moloka‘i. Abundance: The Hawaiian Forest Bird Survey estimated the Hawai‘i ‘Amakihi population at ~870,000 individuals on the island of Hawai‘i. O’ahu ‘Amakihi (Hemignathus chloris) [Endemic] We saw this species on 3/15 on O’ahu at the Wa'ahila Ridge State Recreation Area and along the Kuli’ou’ou V alley Trail streambed. Identification: The O‘ahu ‘Amakihi is brighter and smaller than the Kaua‘i ‘Amakihi.Abundance: A 1991 survey conducted by the State of Hawai‘i Division of Forestry and Wildlife estimated the O‘ahu ‘Amakihi population at between 20,000 and 60,000 individuals. Kaua’i ‘Amakihi (Hemignathus kauaiensis) [Endemic] We saw a number of this species on Kauai’i in the Alaka'i Wilderness on 3/18 and 3/19. Identification: Kaua‘i ‘Amakihi are larger than `Amakihi on other islands with much larger bills in both the male and females.Abundance: A survey in the late 1980’s estimated a population of 15,000 – 20,000 individuals.
Page 26 of 34
‘Anianiau (Hemignathus parvus) [Endemic] We saw a number of this species on Kauai’i in the Alaka'i Wilderness on 3/18 and 3/19. Abundance: The Kaua‘i Forest Bird Survey (2000) estimated the population within the Alaka‘i and Kōke‘e region at close to 35,000 individuals, and reported a significant population increase between 1981 and 2000. The population appears stable in its current range. ‘Akiapola‘au (Hemignathus munroi) [Endemic/Endangered] The rarest species on the Big Island. We found several birds, including a very cooperative individual, in Hakalau NWR on 3/22. Abundance: The Hawai‘i Forest Bird Survey estimated ~1500 birds.
Hawai‘i Creeper (Oreomystis mana) [Endemic/Endangered] Several seen rather well at Hakalau NWR on 3/22. Abundance: Population estimates based on Hawai‘i Forest Bird Survey conducted in the early 1980s indicated a total population of about 12,400 birds.
Page 27 of 34
‘Akeke‘e (Loxops caeruleirostris) [Endemic/Endangered] In the Alaka'i Wilderness on Kauai’i, one bird was heard on 3/18; however, another was seen by our group on 3/19. Abundance: The Hawaiian Forest Bird Survey (1981) estimated a population of ~1674 in the central Alaka‘i region. The population appears to have remained stable during the last 35 years despite declines of other Kaua‘i forest birds and the impact of two hurricanes. ‘Akepa (Loxops coccineus coccineus) [Endemic/Endangered] Several seen rather well at Hakalau NWR on 3/22. Abundance: The Hawai‘i Forest Bird Survey estimated the ‘Akepa population to include ~14,000 individuals in 1980.
Page 28 of 34
‘I‘iwi (V estiaria coccinea) [Endemic] In the Alaka'i Wilderness on Kaua’i, this species was only seen by a few on 3/18 and it was heard on 3/19. However, on the Big Island, we saw many on 3/22 at Hakalau NWR. Barbara saw a juvenile bird on 3/23 at the Mamane-Naio Forest. Abundance: The following island population estimates are based on Hawaiian Forest Bird Surveys (1976-1981): ~340,000 individuals on island of Hawai‘i (88% in Hāmākua), ~19,000 individuals on east Maui, ~180 on west Maui, ~80 individuals on Moloka‘i, and ~5,400 in the Alaka‘i Swamp on Kaua‘i. Recent surveys (1996) suggests O‘ahu supports less than 50 birds. In 1988, two birds were detected on Moloka‘i. On Kaua‘i, populations declined after the 1992 hurricane, but changed little between 1994 and 2000. The overall population may be declining, but the species’ wide-ranging foraging complicates population estimates and the determination of long-term trends.
‘Apapane (Himatione sanguinea) [Endemic] Seen daily in the highlands of Kaui’i and the Big Island from 3/18 through 3/22. Plentiful at our lodge at V olcano on 3/20 and 3/21. A few saw one on 3/23 at the Mamane-Naio Forest. Abundance: The following island population estimates are based on Hawaiian Forest Bird Surveys (1976-1981): ~1,080,000 individuals on island of Hawai‘i, ~110,000 individuals on Maui (86% on Haleakalā), ~39,000 individuals on Moloka‘i, ~540 individuals on Lāna‘i, and ~30,000 individuals on Kaua‘i. On Kaua‘i, populations declined after the 1992 hurricane but have significantly increased since. The 2000 Kaua‘i Forest Bird Survey estimated the population at ~64,972 individuals.
Page 29 of 34
Emberizidae Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola) [Native to South America. Introduced in the 1960s.] Common on the Big Island. Seen at Hilo at the Wailoa River State Park on 3/20 and at the Big Island Country Club on 3/23. Present daily on the grounds of our hotel at Kona.
Red-Crested Cardinal (Paroaria coronata) [Introduced from South America to O’hau around 1930] Common in park-like habitats on O’ahu and Kauai. Seen daily on both islands from 3/15 through 3/19.
Page 30 of 34
Y ellow-Billed Cardinal (Paroaria capitata) [Native to South America. First recorded in 1973.] Found only on the Big Island. Two birds were seen at Hilo at the Wailoa River State Park on 3/20 and several pairs inhabited our hotel grounds at Kona from 3/21 on.
Cardinalidae Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) [Introduced from the Eastern US in 1929.] Seen or heard on all three islands, daily.
Icteridae Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) [Introduced from the Western US in 1931] Seen only on Kauai’i on 3/16 around the old airstrip next to the Salt Pond Park.
MAMMALS Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Seen off the east coast of O’ahu on 3/15 and off Kaua’i on 3/16 and 3/17. Small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) [Native to South and Southeast Asia. In 1883 72 mongooses were introduced from Jamaica to the Big Island to control rats. Offspring were later shipped to plantations on the other islands.] Seen daily on the Big Island. [Phil and Barbara saw several on the east coast of O’ahu on 3/13, before the tour began.] Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi) [Endemic/Endangered] One was hauled out a Kilauea NWR on 3/16, providing good looks to all. Population: The population of Hawaiian monk seals continues to decline and, in 2008, it is estimated that only 1,200 individuals remain.
Page 31 of 34
Domestic Goat (Capra hircus) Seen by all on the Big Island on 3/22 and 3/23 while in transit to/from the prime birding areas. Feral Donkey (Equus asinus) Seen by all on the Big Island on 3/22 and 3/23 while in transit to/from the prime birding areas.
MARINE SPECIES Pacific Green Sea T urtle (Chelonia mydus) Two were seen at black sand Punalu’u Beach Park on 3/21 and several were seen in the lagoon at our hotel on 3/21 and 3/23. Manta Ray (Manta birostris) [Phil and Barbara went to the Sheraton Keauhou Bay Resort & Spa on the evening of 3/24 to witness the nightly feeding of the Manta Rays. Two large animals were swimming and cavorting under the hotel’s high-powered lights. Also, a boat load of snorklers was in the water nearby to witness the feeding. This was an eerie sight; with only the tips of the swimmers snorkels lighted in the darkness. We understand that this is a nightly event between 7 and 10 pm.] Humuhumunuku-nukuapua 'a [Reef Trigger Fish] (Rhinecanthus rectangulus) [Designated the official state fish of Hawai’i in 1985.] We saw several in the lagoon at our hotel in Kona on 3/24 and 3/25.
Page 32 of 34
Morish Idol (Zanclus cornutus) We saw several in the lagoon at our hotel in Kona on 3/23 and 3/24.
Magnificent Snake Eel (Myrichthys magnificus) We saw several in the lagoon at our hotel in Kona on 3/23 through 3/25. [I think this is correct species. PCD]
Page 33 of 34
BUTTERFLIES Kamehameha (V anessa tameamea) [Endemic] Red Admiral (V anessa atalanta) Cabbage White (Pieris rapae) Monarch (Danaus plexippus) Gulf Fritillary (Agraulis vanillae)
MISSES Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis). Not seen on our Kaua’i pelagic. Mottled Petrel (Pterodroma inexpectata) Seen by George Armistead, only, at a distance on the pelagic trip on 3/17. T ownsend’s (Newell’s) Shearwater(Puffinus auricularis newelli). Not seen on our Kaua’i pelagic. Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse (Pterocies exustus). Barbara and Phil tried to no avail on 3/25 around the town of Wiamea on the Big Island. Red-Whiskered Bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus). Not encountered on O’ahu. Greater Necklaced Laughing-Thrush (Garrulax pectralis). We tried for it on 3/19 along Ha’iku Road on Kaua’i. Red-cheeked Cordonbleu (Uraeginthus bengalus). Our group tried at a location off of Hwy 190 on the Big Island. Lavender Waxbill (Estrilda caeruiescens). Not encountered. Orange-cheeked Waxbill (Estrilda meipoda). Not encountered. Red Avadavat (Amandava amandava). Not seen at the Big Island Golf Course. ‘Akikiki [Kaua’i Creeper] (Oreomystis bardi) [Endemic]. Not seen in the Alaka’i Wilderness on Kaua’i.
Page 34 of 34
Related Documents
Java Sparrow
April 2020 0
Sparrow
November 2019 7
Jack Sparrow
June 2020 5
#260 The Sparrow
December 2019 18
Dahi Jhirki ( Wise Sparrow)
June 2020 1