Italk : Waste Cooking Fuel For Jeepneys By J.b.manuel M. Biona, Ph.d.

Waste Cooking Fuel for Jeepneys Evaluation and Business Development

J.B.Manuel M. Biona, Ph.D. Director, Center for Research and Training Don Bosco Technical College

Contents • Background of the Project • Objectives • Components and Status • Realizations and Future Challenges

Introduction • Philippine is dependent on imported oil • Country is vulnerable to world oil situation • Public transport is sensitive to oil prices • Public Transport like Jeepneys are very inefficient and major source of global and local pollution • A lot of technologies were offered but very limited third party and valid evaluation – Waste Cooking Oil Fuel Technology

Waste Cooking Oil as ICE Fuel • More Viscous Than Diesel • Lower Heating Value • Fatty Acids Waste Cooking Oil Fuel Technologies in the Market • Waste Cooking Oil Based Blending • 100% Waste Cooking Oil Fuel with Pre-Heater • Straight Waste Cooking Oil Blending

Project Objectives • Evaluate based on the life cycle assessment and cost framework the economic and environmental benefits / impacts of these technologies; • Formulate and demonstrate a waste cooking oil collection and processing technology and business strategy to provide additional monetary benefits to the jeepney drivers; and • Disseminate results for possible replication in other areas.

Project Components • Technology Testing and Evaluation • Development of Waste Cooking Oil Processing Equipment • Advocacy, Business Planning and Development • Organizational Development • Results Dissemination

Technology Testing and Evaluation • Laboratory Testing • Field Testing • LCA and LCC Cost Modeling

Laboratory Testing • Power Curve test • Steady State Testing ( Fuel Consumption and Fuel Consumption ) • Testing has been done but not yet completed due to some equipment problems

Field Testing • Purpose : Fuel Consumption, Economics and Durability Issues • Test Site: Los Banos, Laguna • Started in August and On-going • Oil provided by Chowking, Jollibee and barangays • Normal Operation • First Month – Baseline • Succeeding Months - Technology

Field Testing Findings • Waste Cooking Oil Bio-diesel Blending Mean

Stdev

Remarks

Baseline ( Diesel )

3.91

0.24Newly overhauled but low power was observed

10% Blend ( Before Repair )

4.19

0.41Immediately after starting, black smoke was

10% Blend ( After Repair )

3.53

0.18Power improved but fuel consumption increased

20% Blend ( After Repair )

4.13

0.51Idle speed still high. Gray smoke continued to be

observed but disappaers after some time. Low power continued to be observed. due to high idle speed. Gray smoke was observed during start-up.

observed and worsened when the new batch of bio-diesel was used. Engine temperature also observed to be higher. Engine vibration increased.

Field Testing Findings • Straight Waste Cooking Oil Blending Mean Baseline ( Diesel ) 10% Blend ( Before Repair ) 20% Blend ( After Repair )

Stdev 9.8 9.49

11.73

Remarks 0.18 1.71Increased vibration and periodic reduction of power.Gray smoke

1.77Engine performance initially is not stable. Hard

starting and increased vibration. Fuel filter easily clogged.

Field Testing Findings • 100% Waste Cooking Oil with Preheating Mean Stdev Remarks Baseline ( Diesel ) 10% Blend ( Before Repair )

3.9 2.81

0.19 0.29Elevated engine temperature and power

reduction was observed with the prolonged use of waste cooking oil. When the fuel is shifted to diesel, tailpipe emissions increases for some time and disappears afterwhich engine performance normalizes. Clogging in the fuel filter was also observed.

Challenges • Ensure the quality of waste cooking oil collected • Isolate the problem ( vehicle or fuel ) • Evaluate processing efficiency and storage practices

Waste Cooking Oil Processing Equipment • Filtering and Moisture Reduction • Bio-Diesel Conversion

SNODLOB office

Advocacy, Business Planning and Development • Legislation • Collection System and Processing • Feasibility Study • Multi-Stakeholder Coalition

Organizational Development • Multi-Stakeholder Coalition during testing • Multi-Stakeholder Coalition during Technology Commercial Roll-out

Results Dissemination • Project Dissemination Booklet • Conference Presentations • Journal Publications

Commercialization Barriers Varying quality of waste cooking oil • Possible increase in waste cooking oil price when technology is commercialized • Bio-Diesel Standards Issue • Spill-over effects •

Field Testing Findings Realization • 100% Waste Cooking Oil with Preimportant to involve the sectors concerned in the • Its Heating Mean and Stdev deployment Remarks technology development process. most cases the challenge is not so much in • InBaseline ( Diesel ) 3.9 0.19 Research and Development but in Deployment 100% Cooking Oil

2.81

0.29Increased vibration and periodic reduction of power.Gray smoke

30 yrs old na ang makina ng jeep ko sabi nga ng mekaniko ko di na dapat sumali sa ganitong experiment o delikado sa Alam niyo makina….. naman ito

lang ang kinabubuh ay namin pag nagkaprob lema ang

Paul Castillo with last minute apprehensions before the start of the testing protocol

Danny measuring out 1 liter of filtered centrifuged used cooking oil to mix with 9 liters of diesel for

After more talks and reassurances about the benefits of using waste cooking oil Paul is ready to risk his

Danny Bilon is more comfortable to try his jeepney on 20% biodiesel blend

Jopot and Danny trying the signage on his jeepney

Indeed every drop counts for Danny’s jeepney which has a baseline km/li of 4 to 5

After our exercise on computing baseline km per li of his jeepney ( which was incredibly low at only 1-2) Paul is ready to attach the jeepney signage

now ready to try a radical option for the benefit of the environment the IBOP project and the SNODLOB cooperative and their families

coop chairman danny lescano helping install the signage

Bravely smiling this is it!

Jopot Pesquisa vice chairman and main office support

Paul Castillo, Danny Bilon, Danny Lescano - the pioneers of alternative fuel for jeepneys in los banos

Celso Benecero driver for chairman Danny’s jeepney with baseline km/li of 8

Danny’s jeepney runs on 100% waste cooking oil ( filtered and de watered) no more smoke belching observed

Celso reports to Danny the very observable changes in engine running condition- stronger pull ( hatak) and smoother quieter run

Thank You Very Much !!