Islam Science 5 By Dr. Tahir Ul Qadri

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 

     

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491



    

       

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 493 

                   

                    

                                                   (chemic al evolution)  

                 

                  

   

   

                 

          (inorganic matter)

 -1

(water)



-2

(clay)



-3

(adsorbable clay)

  

-4

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 494    

-5

(old physically & chemic ally altered mud ) (dried & highly purified clay)

    

-6

(ext ract of purified clay)



-7

             (Inorganic matter)

 -1

                          

        

               

( :   )

                                       

                                            

                 

                 O   ( :   )

o    

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 495 

               

                                   

                   

                             

                                     

  

(Wat er)

               

 -2

                                

            (  :   )

                      

                 

(  :   )

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 496 

                    

       

                                                     

       

 o  

                        O      

( :     )

               

             (Clay)

 -3

                

                         

         

                :    

         

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                  

                                                            

                 

                              

          

            

          



   

    

  

           

  

(Adsorbable clay)

   -4

                    

    

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 498         o 

O   

   

:  

                                        

                        



          

   -5 (Old physically & chemically altered mud)

               

                  

    

                                     

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                O     :

       

 499            o     

                     

                 

                    

          

                        

                     

        

                 

               

 

                                                    

                                        

                       www.MinhajBook s.com

       

 500 

             (physical change)             

                                              

                  o     

 O     

  

 :            

          

     

:   

        

O   

     o

 :   

    

        

            



                

                      

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       



501



              

               

                               

                    

 

                     :    

                   

                                                



                                                                          

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       O        

:

       

 502 

           o 

               

                  

 

(Dried & highly purified

   clay)     -6

                        o     

          O    :  

                                       

                                               

            

                   

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       

 503 

                                     

         

       

          

    

   

                                                                                         

                 

                     

                 

                                         

                                           www.MinhajBook s.com

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 504 

                                                                            

                

                           o            O    O  

        o

       

          o     

  :  

 

                     :  

O   

                 

          

(Extract of purified clay)

 -7

             

          

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 505                  

o   

             

O 

                  

                       

(process of purification)           

                                  

                                                                                                                      

         

                 

                   

               

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 506 

                                        

                                    

                                                               

              

                                           

                                                

                     

                                                        

                                         www.MinhajBook s.com

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 507 

                                                                                                                                             

                    

                      O           

                 o   

                                                         

            

                                 

                      www.MinhajBook s.com

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 508 

                                      

  

            

      

         

         

                

                                     

        

                   

     

                        

                                    

                            

(       )

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 509                    

               

                                       

                        

      

   

        (   )

     

            

                   

                

    

   )

              

                   

                  

                                                         www.MinhajBook s.com

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510

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                      

                  

             

                                                                 



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511

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 

         

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513

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              

                                     

                   

              

                                  

                                2                 (celluler

division)    

       

(Mitotic division in uterus)

    

                   

                   

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514

       (s in g le

      life

cell)



:      

                

(    )

       

              

            

          6       

                 

         

                               

  

fertilized ovum Zygote          

               

                  

            (mingled

fluid)

      www.MinhajBook s.com

     

         O              ( )

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      



o   

                 

                 

   (potentialities)   

 (Mingled

fluid)

   

              

             fertilization                          fertilizing (Sper m)

liquid

  -1

           

        

o    (   ) 

    

 spermatic

     O                

liquid      

                   sperm (A liquid pour ed out)

   -2

         www.MinhajBook s.com

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    ( )     o       

 )           (    

      o   

   

O  

             O      O        (    )

 (  )  

o       

                  

                                   

                    sacrum           

         symphysis pubis   

           

   

The seminal passage in the plevic cavity lies between the anterior and posterior segments of the pelvic girdle.

        semen   

                                     (anatomy)      www.MinhajBook s.com

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   

              

                       (A despised liquid)

   -3

         

    

          o

              O   

(   ) (Mingled fluid)

    -4

          

           (mingled

fluid)

             (:  )

                 

                     

   sp e r ma t i c

liq u i d

 

    (glands)         (secretions) 1. Testicals

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2. Seminal vesicles 3. Prostate glands 4. Glands of urinary tract



(Mitotic division)

                    

(fertilized ovum)            

                             

  mitotic division           

        (sin gle

   

      life

cell)

         

                                www.MinhajBook s.com

                                     (    )

                         ( )

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     

     zygote                

           cells  

-1 -2 -3

    

   mitotic        

division



      

1. Prophase

2. M etaphase

3. Anaphase

4. Telophase

  ( v e r t i c a l l y )          

      (horizo ntally)

    (Single life cell)  

    mitosis         (cells)            meiosis        m a t u ri t y         

meiosis      ovarian cells   testicular cells

   ova  spermato zoa     zygote             fertilizat ion  

  

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(Ut erus)       

(uteru s)          ovum  sperm  

   implant ation of egg             

                   

   

                     

               (egg)   

          

   (Hanging mass)   

                                

   

              o               

      O 

         O      

   

o  

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       

      

 (       )            o       

O    

     

         (     )

                

               

                    

               embr yology                                        

          

                  

      

          

                     

              

                                      www.MinhajBook s.com

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                 

                                   

                                       

o  

      (        )   

o

        

           O  

          O   

                   

          

          

      

                        

       

  

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        

       

                                      

                O         (  -   )

o     

           

                                     (deve lop me ntal stages

Extr act of cl ay

of human embryo)

    

Sper matic liquid of sper m

   

Ha n g i ng

   

mas s c li ng i ng t o t he

endometr ium of the uter us Chewed lump of chewed substance

    

Skeletal system

  

Muscular system

  

New cr eat ion

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             

    

    )  

       (         

   (      ) 

:      

                             O    

   



( :  )

)     

)      (   (   

o   

:           

            (mingled

fluid)

     

           O                ( : )

       

  (   )    ( ) o

   (embryo)             

                  www.MinhajBook s.com

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                            (embryology)           (University of Toronto)    (Dr Keith L.

M oore) 

Pr imo r diu m o f t he in te r nal ear s ap p ear s before the beginning of the eyes and the brain (the site of understanding) differentiates last. This part of Su r a 32:9 in d ic at e s t h at spe c ial se nse s o f hearing, seeing and feeling develop in this order, which is true.

                   



  9                                     

        

               

                               

                         

            

     (Streete r)  1941        www.MinhajBook s.com

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             O'

Rahilly

  1972  

                14                                                                    

     (Embryo) 

                

            

                

        

                  )          

    (     

  (       )     

           

                           O      

 

( )

     

o        

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H o o k    1 7

             (micr osc ope )            

               

                (thr e e veils

of darkness)        

    

 

1. Anterior abdominal wall 2. Uterine wall 3. Amnio-chorionic membrane or Extra-emb ryonic me mbranes

   

(veils of darkness)      

    opacities   laye rs          (laye rs)                              

   

1. Chorion

    (Dr

2. Amnion

3. Amniotic fluid



  Keith L. M oore)  

                     www.MinhajBook s.com

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  

Keith L. Moore, Ph D, FIAC Statements referring to human reproduction an d d evelop men t are sc att er ed th r ou gh ou t t he Qu r 'an. It is o n ly r e c e n tly t h at th e sc ien t ific me an in g o f so me o f t h e se ve r se s h as b e e n app rec iat ed fu lly. The lo ng de lay in int erp ret ing th e se ve r se s c o r r e c t ly r e su lt e d main ly fr o m in ac cu rate tr an slat ion s an d c omme nt aries, an d from a lack of awareness of scientific knowledge. Interest in explanations of the verses of the Qur'an is not new, people used to ask the Prophet M uhammad all sorts of questions about the meaning of ve rses r efer ring t o h uman r ep ro du ct io n. The Ap o st le's an swe r fo r m t he b asis o f t h e Had ith lite ratu re. Th e t ran slat io ns o f th e ve rse s fr o m th e Qur 'an wh ic h ar e in te rpr et ed in th is pap er wer e p r o vid e d b y S h e ikh Ab d u l M ajid Z e n d an i, a pr o fe ssor o f Islamic S tu d ies in Kin g Abd u laziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. "He make s yo u i n t h e wo mb s o f yo u r mothers, in stages, one after another, in three veils of darkness."

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This st ate me nt is fr om sura 39. We do not kn o w wh e n it was re alized th at h uman b ein gs underwent development in the uterus (womb), but the first known illustration of a fetus in the uterus was d r awn b y Le on ar d o d e Vin c i in t h e 15t h cen tur y. In th e 2nd ce ntu ry AD, Gale n d esc ribed the placenta and fetal membranes in his bookOn th e Formati on of th e Foetu s . Co n se q u e n t ly , doctors in the 7th century AD likely knew that the hu man emb r yo d e ve lop e d in t h e u te r u s. It is unlikely that they knew that it developed in stages, even though Aristotle had described the stages of de ve lo p me n t o f t h e c h ic k e mb r yo in th e 4th century BC. The realization that the human embryo develops in stages was not discussed and illustrated until the 15th century. After the microscope was discovered in the 17th century by Leeuwen Hook, descriptions were made of the early stages of the chick embryo. The staging of human embryos was not described until the 20th century. Streeter (d.1941) developed the fir st syst e m o f st agin g wh ic h h as n o w b e e n replaced by a more accurate system proposed by O'Rahilly (d.1972). "Th e t hre e veils of d arkness" may refer to :

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(1) t he an te rio r abd omin al wall; (2) th e ut erine wall; an d (3) t h e amn io -c h o rio nic me mb r ane . Alt ho ugh the re are ot he r int er pr et at io ns of t his statement, the one presented here seems the most logical from an embryological point of view. "Then we placed him as a drop in a place of rest." This statement is from sura 23:13. The drop or nu tfah h as be en in te rp re te d as th e spe rm of sp e r ma t o z o a n , b u t

a

mo r e

me an i n g f u l

interpretation would be the zygote which divides to form a blastocyst which is implanted in the uterus (a place of rest). This interpretation is supported by another verse in the Qur'an which states that "a human be ing is cr eat ed from a mixe d dr op." The zygo t e fo rms by t he u nio n o f a mixt u re o f t h e sperm and the ovum (the mixed drop). "Th en we mad e th e dr op int o a lee ch -like structure." This statement is from sura 23:14. The word alaqa refers to a leech or bloodsucker. This is an appr opr iat e d esc rip tio n o f th e hu man embryo fr o m d ay s 7 -24 in wh ic h i t c lin gs t o t h e endometrium of the uterus, in the same way that a leech clings to the skin. Just as the leech derives blo od fro m th e ho st , th e hu man embr yo d er ives blood from the decidua or pregnant endometrium.

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It is r emar kab le ho w muc h th e e mb ryo of 23-24 d ays r e s e mb le s a l e e c h . A s t h e r e we r e n o microscopes of lenses available in the 7th century, do ct or s wou ld n o t have kn own th at t h e hu man embryo had this leech-like appearance. In the early part of the fourth week, the embryo is just visible to th e u naid ed eye b ec au se it is smaller th an a kernel of wheat. "Then of that leech-like structure, We made a chewed lump." This statement is also from sura 23:14. The Ar abic wo rd Mu dgh ah means c hewed substance or chewed lump. Toward the end of the fou rth week, th e hu man e mb ryo looks so mewhat like a c h e we d lu mp o f fle s h . Th e c h e we d ap p e ar an c e r e su lt s f r o m t h e so mit e s wh ic h resemble teeth marks. The somites represent the beginnings or primordia of the vertebrate. "The n we made ou t of th e c h ewed lump, bo n e s an d c lo t h e d t h e b on e s in fle sh ." Th is continuation of sura 23:14 indicates that out of the chewed lump stage, bones and muscles form. This is in accordance with embryological development. First the bones form as cartilage models and then the muscles (flesh) develop around them from the somatic mesoderm.

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"Th e n we d e ve lo p e d o u t o f it an o t h e r creature." This next part of sura 23:14 implies that the bones and muscles result in the formation of another creature. This may refer to the human-like embryo that forms by the end of the eighth week. At

t his

st a g e i t

has

d i s t i n c t i ve h u man

char acte ristics and po ssesses the primor dia of all the in ter nal an d ext ernal organs an d par ts. After the eigh th we ek, t he human embr yo is called a fetus. This may be the new creature to which the verse refers. "An d He gave yo u h e ar ing and sigh t an d feeling and understanding." This part of sura 32:9 indicates that the special senses of hearing, seeing, and feelin g develop in t his ord er , which is t ru e. The primordial of the internal ears appear before the beginning of the eyes, and the brain (the site of understanding) differentiates last. "Then out of a piece of chewed flesh, partly for me d and p ar tly un fo rmed ." This part o f Su ra 22:5 se e ms t o in d ic at e t h at t h e e mb r yo is c o mp o s e d

of bot h

d iffe r e n t iat e d

an d

und iffer ent iat ed t issues. Fo r e xample, wh en t he cartilage bone s are different iate d, th e emb ryonic conn ect ive tissue o r me sen chyme ar oun d th em is

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und iffer en tiate d. It late r diffe re nt iat es int o th e muscles and ligaments attached to the bones. "And We cause whom we will to rest in the wombs fo r an ap po int ed te rm." This ne xt part of su ra 22:5 see ms t o imp ly t hat God d et er min es which embryos will remain in the uterus until full ter m. It is we ll-kn wo n t hat man y e mbr yo s abo rt dur ing the first mon th of d eve lo pme nt, an d th at only about 30% of zygotes that form, develop into fet us th at su rvive u ntil bir th. This ver se h as also be en int er pr et ed t o me an th at God d et er mine s whether the embryo will develop into a boy or girl, and whether the child will be fair or ugly. Th is in t er p r e tat io n o f t h e ve r se s in t he Qur'an referring to human development would not have been possible in the 7th century AD, or even a hun dr ed years ago. We c an in te rp re t t he m now because the science of modern embryology affords us new understanding. Und ou bte dly th er e ar e ot he r ve rses in t he Qur'an related to human development that will be u n d e r st o o d in t h e fu t u r e as o u r kn o wle d ge incre ases.

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References: 1.

Ar e y, L .B , D ev elo p m e n t A n at om y : A textb ook a n d Lab orat ory M an n u al of Emb ryology , r evised 7th ed., Philade lph ia, W.B.Sanders Co., 1974.

2.

M oore, K.L, The Developing Human Clinically Orien ted Emb ryology , 3rd ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Sanders Co., 1982.

3.

M oore, K.L, Highlights of Human Embryology in the Qur'an and the Hadith. Proceedings of the Seventh Saudi M edical M eeting, 1982.

4.

M o o r e , K.L, Before W e are B orn , B asi c Em b ryology an d B irth D efec ts, 2nd ed ., Philadelphia, W.B.Sanders Co, 1983.

5.

O' Rahilly, R, Guide to the Staging of Human Embryo

6.

Str ee te r, G.L, Develop mental Hori zons i n Human Embryos.

        

          

                        

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                                             

                                     

                                                    

                  

                                            

 

O               (:   )

           

o  

                

                                   

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       

               o

             o                          

  

     O          O      

O  

     

O   

     O   



(- :  )

    o

      o            )  

o 

       

            

   

Creation

 -1

Arrangement

 -2

Estimation

  -3

Guidance

 -4 

       

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              o  

                  

         o   

        O          

O

    O   

( :   )

                  o   

                   

                 

   

         

                          

       

   o     o  (      )  

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    



         O         O

O           O    ( : )

      

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           (   o 

:               

              (cell)          

           

            

                   O            

( :  )

              

o 

                      

:  

           

                 

                          (sperm)                   (ovum)            

                   www.MinhajBook s.com

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539

(sperm) 40,00,00,000

            

                  (sperm)           

  ( o vu m)            ( o vu m)

       sperm      (membr ane)      fertilizing

membrane    

                       embryo       



                                                 embryo                   

                        (skelton

system)     

     (muscular

system) 

  )                                        

               (                  )    www.MinhajBook s.com

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        (     

                 

 

(equalization)



-1

(personification)

  

-2

(methodical formation)

              

           o                                  

 -3

      

                    O            

   O     O

(: :  )

o        

      

o   

                 

           

           

               30     www.MinhajBook s.com

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 541                                                                                                        

 

               



          (  :   )

  (   )     

       

              

               

                        (Nourishment )

 -1

           

www.MinhajBook s.com

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542

 (Pr otection)

 -2

            

            (Movement)

  -3 

                   (Contr ol of temper atur e)



      -4

                     (tempe ratu re)          

                                            

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 

        

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               

                                                        

             

                                                                          

               

               

                                                 

  

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                 

                                              

                         

                                             

        

                      

                          

                      

         

(  ) 

-1

 

-2

 

-3

   

    

(      -i   )   www.MinhajBook s.com

  

-4 -5

     

 547     )     

-ii

(      -iii   )  

          -1 

                 

                                                                           

                  

                                                                                         

                  

                                  

                   

                    

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                                     

      (   ) o     (     

                O  

  

    -2 

                    

                                

                    

                                  

                                                                        

                      

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              

       

         o      

                   O

       

( :       )

               

   

                 ( :   )

  -3                                            

   

        

    

 

   -4                www.MinhajBook s.com

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                    

        

           

            o      

           O 

  

( :   )

              

                            

             

        -5        

         -i 

                  

                        

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       

             

                (  :   ) :       

                          

          ( :    )

                 (   )

                                

o 

            O    (  :   )

                  

                                           

                                            

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                   

         

         -ii                         

                

                                        

                     

        

               

        

(   :  )

        

 

 

                     





               

( :    )

                   

     

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       

  



                     

(  :  )

        

            

      

  

  

(:  )

                  

                       

       

        

 

           ( : )

      -iii

             

                 

                               

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                                    

                      

                

o  

O      

    

( : )

                  

     

         ( :  )

                                

   

               (:     )

                 

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    

                   

               

                                                         

                    

                   

               

               

                                        -1   -2    -3

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   -1

              

             -1                      

  -2

   -3     -4    -5

                      (physical

                

                  

world)

                                                                                                     

                                         

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                      

        

                           

                                       

                      

                                      

                                                                                   

                 

                

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                    

                                                                      

   

               

                

                                                          

                       

                                                        

            

              

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             ()                    

                            

(physical world)

         

                  

                                          

       

                           

                                  (perception )      (raw

material)  

   

                   (knowledge)                         

             

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                             

 (factor y)              

                                  

                                                                                                       

               

                     

                     

(physical

             

                       

world)

                                   

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     

  -2              

                             

   -4

  -1

   -5

   -2   -3

                -1                                                                  

   -2

                   

                                                         

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             -3                                           

                          

       

  -4

                   

            

   -5

                       

                            

                     

              

                   

                                                             

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        

                   

                  

                 

              

                

       

                     

                         

                                                                        

                              

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                 

            

              

                   

                    

             

                                                                                  

                                                                         

                                               

                



                  

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                                                                         

                                                              

             

                                

                          

               

                 

                                                                                         

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     

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                  

                                                   

         

                                     

                

              

           

     -3                    

                                

(intuition)

                 

                     -2

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  -1      

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  -4

   -3    -5

                

                

                                :               

        

            

     

          

      

         

      

        (  :     )

              

               

                 

                                                     www.MinhajBook s.com

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                                                                       

                         

                

                                                                 

         

              

                                                                  

                      

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          o

          O

   

(      )

                        

              

               

                     

                                   

             

                                                                                      

                         

(ultimate reality)     

             

(absolute reality)

                                  

                      

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                     

                                    

                                         

                

              

                                                       



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  

     

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                 

                                                

                                            

      

                  

                  

      

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                            

                                                 

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            

                O              

    

    

       

                 

                                                              o  

                 

                    

                                                    

                

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                                                                  

                                        

                                

                             

   

                    

                         

                     

                                          

   

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                      

                                

       

        

                       

                  

             

                                  

                      

                                   www.MinhajBook s.com

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                         

     

                

            

                                  

                      

      

       

  

         

      

          

          

     

       

           

               

               

                                   

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        

             Pilonidal Sinus 

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            Pyelonephritis

-2

              

                                      

                                 

                    

                  

           

                            

                                             

              www.MinhajBook s.com

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                                

                  

                                                            

                

                                       

                                                          

                 

               

                                 

                                            

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     

                  

                

                                                   

      

           

                                             

                          

                  

      

  

      

  

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      

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                

         

             



                      

               

                 

      

  

               

   

                 

                     

                            

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                             

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               

                     

           

      

      

                

                                            

            

                   

                   

                                   

                 

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         

         

         

       

                 

      



        

   

                                                                  

   

    

      

               

                   

     

                  

          

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                   

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   

    

     

  

            

               

                    

                      

               

                                                                                   

                  

          

     

               

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    

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               

                                     

            

                        

                  

              

                 

              

                   

   

                                          

                 

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                     

       

            

                                                                              

              

                             

                       

   

           

              

                 

              

   

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                     

                                                                            

(physiotherapists)

          

                    

                                

              

                                    

                        

    

 

    

             

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                             

                           

         

    

                 

                            250  150          

               

                                                                              

                                    

                                 

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                

           

                                                    

       

               

                  

                 

                                 

  

              

       

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                

                          

                

                                              

                

                

                                           

                     www.MinhajBook s.com

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    

                 

                 

                                    

                       

                     

                                                        

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                     

                       

                                                        

                                             

               

            

          o  

            O              

                                            

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        

                   

     

                                                           

     

                

                      

             

                                                     

    

                                                                        www.MinhajBook s.com

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               

         

      

        

             

                                            

                     

                            

                

                                  

                

                        

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              2200

        

(calories)  

2900

       400

(carbohydrates)   

         

(min erals)  

         45   

(proteins) 

 C    B12  B6  B2 B1    A  

(Vitamins)  

E    D  

         

(fats)   

 66%       

(water ) 

                

                  

      (Meat)

 

                

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                                 

                    

                  

                                       

               

                      

                            (Beef)

    

                                                        

             

               

                  

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   

                         taenia

saginate   

                   

                100

 

   15.2

 229

   14.6

 246       -2

   12.1

 218

   21.1

 284

    -1 

-3

         -4 (Mutton)

    

                

             100

   17.9

 266

       -1

   29

 355

     -2 

   12.3

 222          

    8.1

 191

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-3

       -4        

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                 

                                               

           

         

       

           

            

       

  

        

   

            

(lean)            

       (White meat)

  

                

                                                 

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          o     

 O     

    

    

                

              

                                  

    (Fig & Olive)



                 o    

        

       O       

              

     (fibr e)          

                                       

                        

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

              

                     

           100 82

  0.7

 

  1.2

  

  1.0

  

  35

 

  8.8

 

                         

                                                                                                  

                 www.MinhajBook s.com

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               

              

           

              

        

      

         

                  

     

     

            

       

(Honey)



                                        

            

     

                   

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              

         

             

                    

                    

    

        

         

        

             

                   

        

       

                

         

        

                     

                  

        

      

                    

         

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               

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                 

        

       

                 

              

 50  40

 1

 34.2

 2

 1,9

 3

 17.7

 4

 1.5

    5

 0.18

  6                                                

                                    www.MinhajBook s.com

-1

       

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604



        

-2 -3

         

-4

             

-5

      

-6

(Grapes)

                          o 



  

O      

     

          

                

                     

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605

 (Garlic)



                 

        

                   

                               

                  

       (antiseptic)   

      (hypertension)              (Onion)



                         

       

                  

             100

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606



  1.3

(fibe r)  

  23

(Calo ries) 

  0.9

(proteines) 

  5.2

(sugar) 

            B6                                                       

    

  (Po rk)

  

                                    

           

                                 

  

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

                 

                                                             

                          trichinella spiralis   taenia solium         (epile psy)               trichinosis          acute trichinosis

                 

                                       

     

                      

                   

              100          496                 284

 21.1                      44.8              

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              

                                  (Drinking)



                                           

        

                                              O      

              

         o 

                     

                 

            

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      

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                 

 

      

                  

                  (amino

acids)         

  

(me tab olism)           

                                   

                   

        cardiomyopathy                         

                      

(cardiovascular system)

               

                          (HDL Cholesterol)  

                  

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                                      

          (heart associations)     

                   

                      

                                                       

                             

                

     

        

                

         

       

              

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              

                 

                          

              

       931          

                                     

             (clinic)                 

                   

                                        

           1,000        

   700                                           300 

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               

106  105

    

                                                           

                               

       

                   

    

              

 

                 

                   

       

             

                

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                   

                                                                  

                                                        

      

              

                

    

                   

              

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        

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              

               

            

         

                      

                      

                                            

                                                     

          

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                                     

    

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        

               

                

                 

                                     

   

             

                  

                                                         

               

        

        

     



   

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             

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                                                    

                                                

                                               

     

                                     

          

    

                    

                    

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    

       

  

   

              

                

                                  

(Genetic engineering )

    

                    engineering)   (genes)  (ge n e t ic

                                 (Deoxyribonucleic

             

                      (Encyclopaedia

Acid)

Britannica)    

                                         

DNA     

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                                                           

                                         

                      

                 

                                              

    DNA                             

          

    

                    O        

www.MinhajBook s.com

                        O  

 

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                             

        

         

                            

                        

            

           

             

               

    

           

          

                  

    

           

                                        

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                              

                                   

                    

               

             

                                                                           

                                      

      

              

              

                              

                           

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                                                    

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