Islam In Indonesia

ISLAM
IN
INDONESIA
 (Source:
Based
on
information
from
M.C.
 Ricklefs,
A
History
of
Modern
Indonesia:
c.
 1300
to
the
Present,Bloomington:
Indiana
 University
Press,
1981,
316.)


THE
COMING
OF
ISLAM
 •  Brought
in
by
merchants
through
the
coasts
of
 Sumatra,
Java,
and
the
eastern
archipelago.
 •  Brought
in
by
ten
saints
(‘wali’
in
Arabic)
 converted
rulers.
 •  Late
13th
century:
conversion
of
rulers
and
 indigenous
peoples
to
Islam.
 •  Areas
resisted
the
religion:
Ambon,
Bali.


THE
COMING
OF
ISLAM:
EVIDENCE
 •  1297:
Marco
Polo
discovered
an
Islamic
town,
 Perlak,
in
Sumatra.
 •  1345:
Muhammad
ibn‐’Abdullah
ibn‐Battuta
 visited
the
same
town.
 •  Late
14th
century:
inscriptions
on
Sumatra
 were
written
with
Arabic
letters.


THE
COMING
OF
ISLAM:
EVIDENCE
 •  Between
1405‐1433:
a
Chinese
Muslim
 military
leader,
the
Grand
Eunuch
Zheng
He,
 made
seven
naval
expeditions
from
China
to
 Southeast
Asia,
South
Asia,
the
Arabian
 Peninsula,
and
East
Africa.
 •  He
is
believed
to
have
made
close
contact
with
 Melaka
on
the
Malay
Peninsula.


THE
COMING
OF
ISLAM:
EVIDENCE
 •  According
to
the
16th
century
Portuguese
 chronicler
Tome
Pires,
most
of
Sumatran
 states
were
Muslim.
 •  Aceh
Kingdom,
founded
in
the
early
16th
 century,
was
a
territory
of
strong
Islamic
 allegiance.
 •  The
ruler
of
the
Minangkabau
people
of
 central
Sumatra
were
Muslim.


THE
COMING
OF
ISLAM
 •  16th‐17th
centuries:
eastern
Indonesia
 •  Islands
of
Ternate
and
Tidore
(in
Maluku)
had
 Muslim
sultans
 •  Muslim
merchants
settled
in
the
Banda
islands.
 •  1605:
the
ruler
of
Gowa
(Sulawesi)
converted
to
 Islam.
 •  Muslim
missionaries
were
sent
from
the
north
 coast
of
Java
to
Lombok,
Sulawesi,
and
 Kalimantan
until
the
late
17th
century.


ISLAM
IN
INDONESIA
TODAY:
 Nadhlatul
Ulama
(=NU)
 •  It
is
a
conservative
Sunni
group.
 •  Followers:
40million
 •  Founded
in
1926—the
largest
Islamic
 organization
in
Indonesia
 •  In
1965:
took
side
with
General
Suharto‐led
 army.
 •  In
1984:
Abdurrahman
Wahid
became
 chairman.


ISLAM
IN
INDONESIA
TODAY:
 Muhammadiyah
 •  Muhammadiyah
(=followers
of
Muhammad):
 advocating
‘ijtihad‐‐individual
interpretation
 of
Qur’an
and
sunnah,
as
opposed
to
taglid— the
acceptance
of
the
traditional
 interpretations
by
the
ulama
(scholar,
 preacher
of
Islam)
 •  Followers:

30
million
 •  Founded
in
1912—the
second
largest
Islamic
 organization


ISLAM
IN
INDONESIA
TODAY:
 Liberal
Islam:
http://islamlib.com/en/
 •  Open
to
all
forms
of
intellectual
exploration
on
all
 dimensions
of
Islam
 •  Prioritizing
religio‐ethics,
not
literal
textual
readings
 •  Believing
that
truth
is
relative,
open
for
interpretations
 and
plural
 •  Siding
with
oppressed
minority
 •  Believing
in
the
freedom
to
practice
religious
beliefs
 •  Separation
of
world
and
heavenly
authorities,
religious
 and
political
authorities


ISLAM
IN
INDONESIA
TODAY


GUS
DUR,
CAK
NUR,
AMIEN
RAIS


ISLAM
IN
INDONESIA
TODAY


ISLAM
IN
INDONESIA
TODAY


ISLAM
IN
INDONESIA
TODAY


ISTIQLAL
MOSQUE
IN
JAKARTA—THE
LARGEST
IN
SOUTHEAST
ASIA


ISLAM
IN
INDONESIA
TODAY


ISTIQLAL
MOSQUE
IN
JAKARTA—THE
LARGEST
IN
SOUTHEAST
ASIA


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DISCUSSION
 •  What
do
you
know
about
Islam
in
the
United
 States?
 •  What
do
you
know
about
Islam
in
different
 countries?

 •  What
is
the
image
of
Islam
since
9/11?
 •  Has
this
image
changed?
 •  What
is
your
own
opinion
about
Islam?