Ipv4 - Ipv6

IPv4 IPv6 Extension Headers Routing IPv6 Addresses

• In use since 1973 • 32-bit addresses for less than 1000 computers (2^32 = 4.294.967.296)

IPv4 Header Format

Non equal geographical distribution (>50% USA) Exhaustive use not achievable New technologies and features (mobile computing, multicast, security, QoS, Real-Time Services, etc.) Too complicated (e.g. Routing) Virtually impossible to reache 100% network utilization efficiency

Options are placed in separate Extension Headers IPv4-Options require router to examine them all In IPv6 Extension Headers are arbitrary long

Hop-by-Hop Options Header Destination Options Header Routing Header Fragment Header Authentication Header Encapsulation Security Payload Header

Hop-by-Hop Op. Header: -> Options are evaluated at every step Routing Op. Header: -> Loose Source resp. Record Source in IPv4 Destination Op. Header: -> transports optional information to the receiver

No classes Leading bits indicate different uses This is a 128 bit address, where each digit represents one nibble: 3ffe:ffff:0100:f101:0210:a4ff:fee3:9566 Leading zeroes of each 16bit block may be omitted: 3ffe:ffff:100:f101:210:a4ff:fee3:9566 One sequence of blocks only containing zeroes may be omitted: 3ffe:ffff:100:f101:0:0:0:1 -> 3ffe:ffff:100:f101::1 The biggest reduction is seen by the IPv6 localhost address: 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 -> ::1

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Support billions of hosts Reduce size of routing packets Simplify protocol to allow routers to process packet faster. Provide better security (Authentication and Privacy) Pay more attention to type of service. Aid Multicasting Make it possible for a host to roam without changing its address Permit the old and new protocol to coexist for years.

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