Introduction To Wireless And Mobile Networking

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Networking Session 204

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Agenda

• Roadmap for the Marketplace • Technology Alternatives • Technology for Data Mobility—Mobile IP • Partnerships • Summary 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Wireless Data Networkers Inter–Building Communications

Mobile Voice and Data Communications

T1/E1 Bypass 204 0977_05F9_c3

Last Mile Distribution

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Wireless Intrabuilding 4

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Roadmap for the Marketplace High-Level Wireless Market Segments Residential/ Premise/Campus

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Fixed

Mobile

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Roadmap for the Marketplace High-Level Wireless Market Segments Residential/ Premise/Campus

Fixed Broadband

Multiservice Applications

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Mobile

2G Cellular

3G Cellular

IP-Based Services

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Broadband Wireless

• Multiservice wireless applications • Sufficient bandwidth to support Data, voice and video services

• Potential for dynamic allocation of bandwidth Better utilization and flexibility 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Broadband Wireless Local Loop

FR/ATM

PSTN

Internet

Source: WANBU, LMDS Vendors, Others

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Spectrum Coverage • MMDS—2.5 GHz 180 MHz of total BW Good RF propagation and CPE cost Industry is working with FCC to improve spectrum rule drawbacks

• UNII—5.8 GHz 100 MHz bandwidth Unlicensed—any customer can use band

• LMDS—28 GHz 1 GHz total bandwidth Poor RF propagation (rain fades) and higher cost CPE Spectrum is licensed with good FCC rules 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Broadband Fixed Wireless • Multiservice system for competitive access LMDS and World Focus Frequencies

• Target spectrum: 10.5, 24, 26, 28, 38 GHz Broadband point to multipoint • Two infrastructure options leverages Cisco products and Cisco IOS® services a) ATM and IP backbone infrastructure b) IP-only infrastructure 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Bosch/Cisco Alliance • Bosch Telecom

• Cisco

Broad Portfolio of Radios Network Integration Market Enabling (Financing and Industry Forum, Etc.)

End-to-End Multiservice Networks Enterprise Solutions (LAN/WAN) Data Networks’ Leadership

• Public Announcement of Alliance at SuperCom • Joint Bids for Major Projects • Broad Sense of Collaboration Technical/Architecture Product Marketing Sales/Fulfillment 204 0977_05F9_c3

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Cisco/Bosch Broadband IP+ATM Wireless Architecture Backbone Elements Broadband Broadband Wireless Wireless Headend Headend

ATM Network

Subscriber Elements

Hub Elements BRU

Air I/F SRU

Video Modem/Codec

IP Network

CPE

DS3/E3/OC-3 DS3/E3/OC-3

38xx 36xx

BPX8600

+ BW Module Public Telephone Network 204 0977_05F9_c3

Broadband Wireless Service Modules

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MGX8220 or MGX8800

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Broadband Wireless Channel Structures

~

Ch 7

Ch 8

~

Ch 5

Ch 6

Ch 4

Ch 3

Ch 2

~

Ch 8

~ Ch 1 ~

Upstream Ch 7

Ch 6

Ch 5

Ch 4

Ch 3

Ch 2

~ Ch 1

Downstream

• Dedicated Circuit Service (DCS) Optimized for dedicated circuit applications Constant bit rates T1/E1 trunks Symmetrical/nonsymmetrical Private/public networks Scalable in 30 MHz channel increments 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Broadband Wireless Channel Structures (Cont.) Channel Group (CG) 45 Mbps TDM Downstream (DS)

Dedicated Circuit Service (DCS)

~

~~

~

Upstream Carrier Multiple Carriers/ Channel Group TDMA Upstream Carriers

Bandwidth-On-Demand (BOD)

• Bandwidth-On-Demand (BOD) system • Optimized for bandwidth/equipment sharing Single DS carrier per Channel Group (CG) Multiple upstream carriers per CG

• ATM packet protocol-based system • Supports multiservice applications Data, voice and video, symmetric/nonsymmetrical circuits 204 0977_05F9_c3

• Hybrid BOD/DCS service © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Roadmap for the Marketplace High-Level Wireless Market Segments Residential/ Premise/Campus

Fixed

Mobile

Broadband

2G Cellular

Multiservice Applications

IP-Based Services

LMDS

MMDS UNII

3G Cellular

Bosch/Cisco

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Cisco Broadband Wireless IP Family Roadmap Ded . Ent./Net Backhaul uBR 72XX MMDS, UNII

Shared SMB 2600/3600: 2–8 Voice, PBX Trunk, 10/100 LAN MMDS, UNII, LMDS

$/Perf

Shared SOHO/Telecommute 2-4 Voice, 10BT Residential CPE Partners

Time 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Cisco Wireless • Uses multipath to break through the line-of-site requirement Tolerates high-delay spread Cost-effective data rates using multipath 90 Mbps demonstrated

• Adaptive space-frequency diversity Uses two antennas to improve frequency and time fading Lower complexity, higher performance than QAM

• Product goal: Technically superior, easier to deploy, more robust 204 0977_05F9_c3

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Wireless IP 30 MHz

Radio

MMDS UNII

I.F.

Radio

I.F.

• Combination of cable Cisco UBR7200 platform with wireless-based technology • Symmetrical 44.4 Mbps serial PPP link 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Wireless IP Product Features • Fiber-quality link Greater than 10-11 BER for data; greater than 10-8 BER for voice

• MMDS (2.5 GHz) and UNNI (5.7 GHz) bands • Encryption support for 40 and 56 bit DES with RSA key management • Antenna diversity—3–5km nonLOS • Configurable channel bandwidths (6 and 12 MHz) Configurable data rates at each bandwidth

• Interface to the uBR 7246 and uBR 7223 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Back–Haul ODU Configuration

• Range of greater than 40km at 44.4 Mbps in clear LOS channel with 1.2m dish • 3–5km non LOS

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Short–Hop ODU Configuration

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Phase Two: Shared Access Radio

MMDS UNII Radio

Radio Radio

Radio

• 10–30 Mbps shared link

Radio

• Same MCNS DOCSIS 1.0/1.1 MAC • 1–2 Mbps average, 22 Mbps burst 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Wireless Enabled CPE Router

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Roadmap for the Marketplace High-Level Wireless Market Segments Residential/ Premise/Campus

Fixed

Mobile

Broadband

Multiservice Applications

IP-Based Services

LMDS

MMDS UNII

Bosch/Cisco

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2G Cellular

3G Cellular

Cisco Wireless

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Qualcomm High Data Rate (HDR) • PCS IS-95/HDR CDMA data at speeds up to 2MB in 1.25 MHz channel • System designed for fixed and mobile applications • IP-based infrastructure with embedded Cisco IOS ® platform at BTS • DSL–equivalent service deployment—USWest 204 0977_05F9_c3

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Roadmap for the Marketplace High-Level Wireless Market Segments Residential/ Premise/Campus

Fixed

Mobile

Broadband

Multiservice Applications

IP-Based Services

LMDS

MMDS UNII

Bosch/Cisco

2G Cellular

3G Cellular

Data Services

Data Services

Cisco Wireless Qualcomm/Cisco

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Wireless Data Network Drivers

• Information access • PDAs • Network computers • Alpha paging, information distribution • Web technology 204 0977_05F9_c3

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Services Most Often Requested After Basic Wireless Telephony Service Call Forwarding

37%

Paging

33%

Internet/E-mail

24%

Traffic/Weather

15%

Conference Calling

13%

News

Data Applications

3%

Source: CTIA Web Page Peter D. Hart Research Associates, March 1997

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Cellular Telephony Network

VLR HLR AUC EIR BSC

Interexchange Network (IXC)

MSC TSC

BTS

BSC

MSC

MS

Transit Switching Center

Local Exchange Network Local Loop

Wireless Network 204 0977_05F9_c3

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Cellular Telephony • Service deployment worldwide • Many standards AMPS, TDMA, GSM, CDMA, PHS, PACS, W-CDMA, TD-CDMA, UMTS, IMT-2000…

• Many frequency allocations GSM in North America vs. GSM in Europe (1800 and 1900 MHz vs. 900 + 1800 MHz)

• Multimode, multiband phones 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Packet-Based Data Allows • True mobility—not tied to a circuit • Always on and always connected Without continuous airtime charges Billing based on packets sent, reflecting real resources used

• With mobile IP: The ability to tie into the home network and the Internet Roaming while retaining connectivity and identity 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Digital PCS Wireless Data • GPRS = General Packet Radio Service the GSM packet data standard Provides access to Internet via TCP/IP Carrier owned fixed-IP addressing Example: Alcatel

• Mobile IP = CDG proposed CDMA packet data standard Provides access to Internet and intranet Carrier-based and destination-based addressing Example: Qualcomm 204 0977_05F9_c3

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GSM Cellular Packet Data BTS

BSC Backhaul

BSC

Internet

MSC

GGSN

MSC

Transit Net

FR Net

SGSN

TDM + Frame Relay Backbone

BTS

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SGSN and GGSN Provide Packet Data Services

VLR HLR AUC EIR

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Cisco’s GPRS Solution • GSGN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) Functionality integrated into Cisco IOS Supported on 72xx routers

• SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) T-SGSN (Telecom functionality) Offered through Telecom partners D-SGSN (Datacom functionality) Integrated into Cisco IOS routers Supported on 72xx routers 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Ro ut er

GGSN

G SN

• GGSN performs GSM gateway service node functions

MSC

GTP—GSN Tunneling Protocol Admission control and QoS

GGSN

MSC

Transit Net

SGSN FR Net

Accounting

GGSN Based on Cisco Platform and Cisco IOS with Addition of GTP, ETSI QoS and Accounting

• GGSN is a packet router 204 0977_05F9_c3

Internet

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Ro ut er

SGSN

G SN

• SGSN performs GSM gateway service node functions

MSC

GTP—GSN Tunneling Protocol Admission control and QoS Accounting

• SGSN is a packet router 204 0977_05F9_c3

MSC

Internet

GGSN

Transit Net

SGSN FR Net

SGSN Is Somewhat BSS Vendor Specific

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CDMA Cellular Packet Data IWF and Mobile IP FA Provide Modem and Packet Data Services

BTS

VLR HLR AUC EIR

BSC

PSTN

MSC

Backhaul

IWF

FA MSC Internet

BSC Backbone BTS

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

IWF • Circuit–mode data gateway

PSTN

• MSC to IWF via L–interface Channelized T1 with Frame Relay Two major flavors of L-interface control channel

MSC

IWF FA

MSC Internet

On signaling channel of T1—on Ethernet

• IWF modems to PSTN support dial data and FAX

IWF Looks Like an Access Server with L–interface Protocol Support

• Network connection to Mobile IP Foreign Agent (FA) 204 0977_05F9_c3

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IWU • Packet-data gateway • L–interface to MSC

MSC

Channelized T1 with Frame Relay SVCs

IWF FA

Two major flavors of L-interface control channel

MSC Internet

On signaling channel of T1—on Ethernet

• Terminates PPP session from mobile node (MN)

IWU and FA Can Be Combined to Reduce Cost and Improve Scalability for the Operator

• Network connection to home network via Mobile IP Foreign Agent (FA) 204 0977_05F9_c3

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CDMA Mobile Data Operation Proprietary Links

BSC

BTS

Airlink

L-Interface

MSC

Call Handling

IWF

Open Interfaces

FA

Internet

HA

Data Service

PPP Mobile IP Registration

Mobile IP Tunneling

TCP/IP Session

• Airlink and PPP session can disappear and reappear while Mobile IP state and TCP/IP session is maintained 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Mobile IP HA/FA • Mobile IP Foreign Agent (FA)

PSTN

BSC

Defined by RFC 2002-2006

• Agent for TCP/IP data access Home Agent (HA) provides destination-controlled authentication, service specification and address assignment

MSC

IWF FA HA

Supports both corporate-intranet access and carrier-Internet service access

Internet

• Implemented in Cisco IOS Software Available today as an 11.x EFT Wide availability with 12.0(1)T

FA and HA Support Are Integrated into Cisco IOS Software for Any Cisco IOS Platform

• Deployed in carrier networks 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Evolution of Data Services GSM

GPRS

Circuit Switched Data Today

Packet Data for GSM

CDMA

Packet Switching for Data Built-In

Mobile IP

Other Cellular Some AMPS and NonAMPS Cellular Systems Have Packet Ability Today

Cellular Systems Are Moving Toward Support for Packet Data; This Is the Foundation for Mobile IP 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Mobile IP • The IETF proposed standard solution for mobility at layer 3 • RFCs 2002–2006 define the functionality • Protocol works over any intermediate media • Movement is transparent to hosts who communicate with the mobile user • No IP address changes are needed to allow mobility 204 0977_05F9_c3

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Overview: Mobile IP Functionality ISP Internet HA

MN

Mobile IP Forms a Layer 3 Tunnel from a Home Agent (HA) to the Mobile Node (MN), Which Can Continue to Use Its Home Address to Receive IP Datagrams 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Mobile IP: Registration IRDP: Agent Advertisement: Lifetime, Type, Services

MN

MN

IRDP: Agent Solicitation: Lifetime, Services

HA

FA Registration

MN

• Care-of or co-located addresses • Agree on services • Register with the home agent 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Mobile IP: Packet Forwarding Correspondent Host Home Agent Foreign Agent Mobile Node

The Home Agent Intercepts Traffic for the Mobile Node and Tunnels to Its Current Location. Traffic from the Mobile Node Can Go Directly to the Correspondent Host 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Mobile IP: True Mobility, Transparent Roaming

FA

10.31.2.1

MN

FA

MN

10.31.3.1 HA

FA MN

Mobility Binding Table: MN CoA 1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.7 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1 1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1

10.31.1.1

FA/MN Register with the HA

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Mobile IP: True Mobility, Transparent Roaming MN Realizes It Has Moved to a Network with a New FA MN Registers with this New FA

MN FA

10.31.2.1

MN

FA

MN

10.31.3.1

FA MN

Mobility Binding Table: MN CoA 1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.7 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1 1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1

HA

10.31.1.1

When the MN Moves it Re-Registers Via its New FA 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Mobile IP: True Mobility, Re-Registration When the New Registration Is Received, a New CoA Is Installed in the HA MN FA

FA

10.31.2.1 FA MN

MN

10.31.3.1

New Data Path 10.31.1.1

Mobility Binding Table: MN CoA 1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.7 10.31.2.1 1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1 1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1

HA

No Change Is Propagated to Correspondents

Old Data Path

The Movement Is Transparent to All Other Devices 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Registration Options • GRE and IPinIP tunneling • Care-of and co-located address • Registration lifetime • Reverse tunneling • Authentication • Tunneling of broadcast packets 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Mobile IP Enables Seamless Connectivity to and from the Home Network Conferences Home ISP Access through the Internet

Internet Dial

Hotel Commuting LANs and VLANs

Meeting Rooms

Cellular or Mobile 204 0977_05F9_c3

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Roadmap for the Marketplace High-Level Wireless Market Segments Residential/ Premise/Campus

Fixed

Mobile

Broadband

Multiservice Applications

IP-Based Services

LMDS

MMDS UNII

Bosch/Cisco

2G Cellular

3G Cellular

Data Services

Packet Data/Voice

GPRS Mobile IP

IMT-2000

Cisco Wireless Qualcomm/Cisco

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Motorola and Cisco A Strategic Alliance to Deliver Global Wireless Solutions Based on a Packet and IP-Services Architecture

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Motorola and Cisco Alliance • Wireless architecture Packet-based supporting IP services Open and standards—based Services enabling Common services globally, wireless and wireline

• Strategic alliance Collaborative product development End-to-end, go-to-market delivery including sales and marketing Centers of excellence System integration capabilities to support customer deployment 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Existing Architecture • Hierarchical • Switch and IN-services bottlenecks • Bandwidth inefficiency and recurring costs • Services are specific to equipment supplier • Access and transport oriented Host Application

IN

IP

Circuit or Virtual Circuit Backbone

MSC PSTN

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

IP Architecture Third Party Applications

Host Application

IN PSTN

IP • Peer to peer

Enterprise

Internet

• Service and transport independence • Services ecosystem (e.g., ISVs, in-house…) • Bandwidth efficient 204 0977_05F9_c3

• Greater addressable market © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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IP Unifies Wireless Infrastructure IP Network

GSM

iDEN

CDMA

TDMA

3G

• Common architecture/services for all wireless standards • Same technology and architecture used for wireline, e.g., IP 204 0977_05F9_c3

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Joint Standards Participation

IETF TIA ETSI 3GPP

TAG/MPLS VoIP Forum… ITU Joint Initiatives ATM Forum

ITU WAP Forum

MS Forum Cable/IT Forum DEN Initiative

Wireless Standards Plan 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Scope of the Alliance

Customers

Technology Teaming

Customer Facing

Architecture

Sales and Marketing

Product Development

Systems Integration

Open Interfaces/APIs

Customers

Centers of Excellence

Customers

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Cellular Network Transition Cisco Brings Low-Cost Infrastructure Migration to the Circuit-Based Wireless Network with Services Enhancement Today’s Wireless Voice Network

BSC

VLR HLR AUC EIR MSC

Backhaul

MSC BSC

BTS

204 0977_05F9_c3

Backbone

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Cellular Network Transition Cisco Brings Low-Cost Infrastructure Migration to the Circuit-Based Wireless Network with Services Enhancement Toward the Next Generation

Today’s Wireless Voice Network

BSC

VLR HLR AUC EIR

Service Element

MSC

PSTN

Service Element

BSC

BTS

MSC

Service Element

MSC

Backhaul

VLR HLR AUC EIR

Service Element

BTS

Backbone

Internet

Complete Packet Network Infrastructure 204 0977_05F9_c3

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Roadmap for the Marketplace High-Level Wireless Market Segments Residential/ Premise/Campus

Fixed

Mobile

Broadband

Multiservice Applications

IP-Based Services

LMDS

MMDS UNII

Bosch/Cisco

Cisco Wireless

2G Cellular

3G Cellular

Data Services

Packet Data/Voice

GPRS Mobile IP

IMT-2000

Cisco

Cisco/ Motorola

Qualcomm/Cisco 204 0977_05F9_c3

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References • “Mobile IP”, Solomon, James D., Prentice Hall, 1998 • “Mobile and Wireless Networks”, Black, Uyless, Prentice Hall, 1999 • Cisco IOS Mobile IP: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/ cisco/mkt/ios/rel/120/prodlit/817_pb.htm 204 0977_05F9_c3

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Questions?

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Please Complete Your Evaluation Form Session 204

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