Introduction To Computer
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- Words: 731
- Pages: 25
History of Computer Present by:
Ahmad Mokhsin bin Abdul Rahman
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
DEFINITION
A problem solving tool or machine that accepts and stores data.
TYPE OF COMPUTER
Analog Digital Hybrid
ANALOG COMPUTER - Recognized data as continuous measurement - The output is in the form of readings or graphs. Ex : a) Meter reading b) Furnace thermostat
DIGITAL COMPUTER - Computer that performs calculations. - Recognized data by counting discrete signals
HYBRID COMPUTER -
The combination of analog and digital computer -
-
Input system : Analog Processing and output : Digital
Example: Monitoring machine
HISTORY OF COMPUTER -
Can be divide into 8 phases: -
Manual era Mechanical era Beginning era 1st generation 2nd generation 3rd generation 4th generation 5th and latest generation
MANUAL ERA -
-
Also called as Zero Generation where the computer was being introduced The introduction of Abacus -
The first computer with digits. Able to run basic mathematical operations.
MECHANICAL ERA
The introduction of computer with mechanical system. Able to run the basic mathematical operation with large number. 1617→ The introduction of Napier’s Bone by John Napier 1642 → The introduction of Pascaline by Blaise Pascal which is the first mechanical calculator with ball and gear.
MECHANICAL ERA
1671 → The improvement of Pascaline by Baron Gottfried 1801 → The introduction of computer with card for marking points by Joseph Janquard 1820 → The improvement by Thomas de Colmar 1834 → The introduction of Babbage Machine by Charles Babbage
used steam.
MECHANICAL ERA
1800 → The introduction of computer programming language by Ada Lovelace 1878 → The introduction of computer register by James Ritt 1900 → The introduction of computer with punched card by Herman Hollerith
BEGINNING ERA (19351944)
The introduction of electricity 1937 → The introduction of the concept of multi-user computer by George Sitbiz and also Mark I by Howard Aiken 1942 → The introduction of computer with processor and memory by John V.Atanasof-Berry
MARK I
Introduced by Howard Aiken in 1937 1ST automatic sequence-controlled calculator Calculated with electro mechanical relays Using paper-tape input and punched card output Size of 18.5m long and 2.5m high
FIRST GENERATION (1946-1959)
Usage of the electronic component and vacuum tube. The computer programming language was introduced
FIRST GENERATION
1946 → The introduction of ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator) 1949 → The introduction of EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) by Maurice Wilkes using buffer 1950 → The introduction of EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) by John Von Neumann that can store the
1951 → The introduction of UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Calculator) by John W. Mauchly & J. Presper Eckert which is the first commercial digital computer
ENIAC
Developed by John W. Mauchly & J. Presper Eckert with John Von Neumann as consultant. Contained electronic components including 1800 vacuum tubes Operated on the decimal system Size of 80 feet long, 18 feet high and 1000 sq feet. Speed:5,000 operations per second
ENIAC
ENIAC
2
ND
GENERATION (19601965)
Using the transistor and diode to replace the vacuum tube. The development of mini desktop. The introduction of computer software to run the operation.
Example : COBOL : BASIC : FORTRAN : ADA
TRADIC
Developed by Felker and Harris. Contained nearly 800 transistors instead of vacuum tubes Operate on fewer than 100 watts or one-twentieth the power required by comparable vacuum tube computers The computer occupied only 3 cubic feet
TRADIC
3
RD
GENERATION (1966-1972)
The application of integrated circuit in a chip The emerging of micro processor and floppy disk The introduction of high level programming language : PL/1, PASCAL, C Improvement of hardware and software
4TH GENERATION (19721985)
The integration of CPU, memory and control in a single chip The emergence of micro computer The introduction of Microsoft operating system : MSDOS The development of hard drive and improvement of micro processor Development of internet and electronic mail
5TH GENERATION (1986 onwards)
The introduction of microchip that contain a large number of integrated circuit. The development of expert system and artificial intelligence. Able to interact with surrounding user through networking
Ahmad Mokhsin bin Abdul Rahman
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
DEFINITION
A problem solving tool or machine that accepts and stores data.
TYPE OF COMPUTER
Analog Digital Hybrid
ANALOG COMPUTER - Recognized data as continuous measurement - The output is in the form of readings or graphs. Ex : a) Meter reading b) Furnace thermostat
DIGITAL COMPUTER - Computer that performs calculations. - Recognized data by counting discrete signals
HYBRID COMPUTER -
The combination of analog and digital computer -
-
Input system : Analog Processing and output : Digital
Example: Monitoring machine
HISTORY OF COMPUTER -
Can be divide into 8 phases: -
Manual era Mechanical era Beginning era 1st generation 2nd generation 3rd generation 4th generation 5th and latest generation
MANUAL ERA -
-
Also called as Zero Generation where the computer was being introduced The introduction of Abacus -
The first computer with digits. Able to run basic mathematical operations.
MECHANICAL ERA
The introduction of computer with mechanical system. Able to run the basic mathematical operation with large number. 1617→ The introduction of Napier’s Bone by John Napier 1642 → The introduction of Pascaline by Blaise Pascal which is the first mechanical calculator with ball and gear.
MECHANICAL ERA
1671 → The improvement of Pascaline by Baron Gottfried 1801 → The introduction of computer with card for marking points by Joseph Janquard 1820 → The improvement by Thomas de Colmar 1834 → The introduction of Babbage Machine by Charles Babbage
used steam.
MECHANICAL ERA
1800 → The introduction of computer programming language by Ada Lovelace 1878 → The introduction of computer register by James Ritt 1900 → The introduction of computer with punched card by Herman Hollerith
BEGINNING ERA (19351944)
The introduction of electricity 1937 → The introduction of the concept of multi-user computer by George Sitbiz and also Mark I by Howard Aiken 1942 → The introduction of computer with processor and memory by John V.Atanasof-Berry
MARK I
Introduced by Howard Aiken in 1937 1ST automatic sequence-controlled calculator Calculated with electro mechanical relays Using paper-tape input and punched card output Size of 18.5m long and 2.5m high
FIRST GENERATION (1946-1959)
Usage of the electronic component and vacuum tube. The computer programming language was introduced
FIRST GENERATION
1946 → The introduction of ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator) 1949 → The introduction of EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) by Maurice Wilkes using buffer 1950 → The introduction of EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) by John Von Neumann that can store the
1951 → The introduction of UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Calculator) by John W. Mauchly & J. Presper Eckert which is the first commercial digital computer
ENIAC
Developed by John W. Mauchly & J. Presper Eckert with John Von Neumann as consultant. Contained electronic components including 1800 vacuum tubes Operated on the decimal system Size of 80 feet long, 18 feet high and 1000 sq feet. Speed:5,000 operations per second
ENIAC
ENIAC
2
ND
GENERATION (19601965)
Using the transistor and diode to replace the vacuum tube. The development of mini desktop. The introduction of computer software to run the operation.
Example : COBOL : BASIC : FORTRAN : ADA
TRADIC
Developed by Felker and Harris. Contained nearly 800 transistors instead of vacuum tubes Operate on fewer than 100 watts or one-twentieth the power required by comparable vacuum tube computers The computer occupied only 3 cubic feet
TRADIC
3
RD
GENERATION (1966-1972)
The application of integrated circuit in a chip The emerging of micro processor and floppy disk The introduction of high level programming language : PL/1, PASCAL, C Improvement of hardware and software
4TH GENERATION (19721985)
The integration of CPU, memory and control in a single chip The emergence of micro computer The introduction of Microsoft operating system : MSDOS The development of hard drive and improvement of micro processor Development of internet and electronic mail
5TH GENERATION (1986 onwards)
The introduction of microchip that contain a large number of integrated circuit. The development of expert system and artificial intelligence. Able to interact with surrounding user through networking
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