Introduction Of Ballpoint(phillour Girls)

PROJECT ON BALL-POINT PEN • NAME OF TEACHER TRAINER:Miss Watanjot Kaur NAME OF STUDENT TRAINER:Mrs Neelam

MADE BY:• • • • • • •

Nishu Nishta Jatinder Kaur Navpreet Kaur Class-9th A Name Of Science Teachers:Mrs Nisha Puri Mrs Inderjeet Kaur Mrs Jaswant Kaur

INTRODUCTION OF BALL-POINT PEN A ballpoint pen, also eponymously known in British English as a biro (pronounced bye-row in Britain but sometimes bee-row elsewhere, depending on location), is a modern writing instrument. Ballpoint pens have an internal chamber filled with a viscous ink that is dispensed at the tip during use by the rolling action of a small metal sphere (0.7 mm to 1 mm in diameter); the ink dries almost immediately after contact with paper. Inexpensive, reliable and maintenance-free, they have almost completely replaced the fountain pen.

PICTURE OF BALL-POINT PEN

HISTORY OF BALL-POINT PEN •

The modern ball point pen was invented in 1938 by the Argentine-Hungarian journalist László Bíró. In the 1930s Bíró was working as the editor of a small newspaper. Bíró was frustrated by the amount of time that he wasted in filling up fountain pens and cleaning up smudged pages, and the sharp tip of his fountain pen often tore his pages. Bíró had noticed that the type of ink used in newspaper printing dried quickly, leaving the paper dry and smudge free. He decided to create a pen using the same type of ink. Since, when tried, this viscous ink would not flow into a regular fountain pen nib, Bíró—with the help of his brother George, a chemist—began to work on designing new types of pens. Bíró fitted this pen with a tiny ball bearing in its tip that was free to turn in a socket. As the pen moved along the paper, the ball rotated, picking up ink from the ink cartridge and leaving it on the paper. Bíró filed a British patent on 15 June, 1938.

TYPES OF BALL-POINT PENS • There are two basic types of ball point pen: disposable and refillable. • Disposable pens are chiefly made of plastic throughout and discarded when the ink is consumed; refillable pens are metal or plastic and tend to be higher in quality and price. The refill tends to replace the entire internal ink reservoir and ball point unit rather than actually refilling it with ink.

PARTS OF BALL-POINT PEN

GRIP AND FEEL • Ballpoint pens have three characteristics that distinguish them from rollerball systems. First, the ink flow increases with pressure. A rollerball will typically lay down its line without pressure. • Second, they write with the greatest ink flow when perpendicular to the paper, but as the angle is increased the line width gradually decreases; at some angle, when the edge of the ball socket brushes against the surface of the paper, the line width is reduced to zero and the pen ceases to write. (By way of contrast, a rollerball pen has a thin line when perpendicular to the paper, but the line width increases suddenly as the angle is increased and a blob forms between the tip of the ball and the edge of the socket.) • Third, a ballpoint pen's ink is typically not as bright on paper as its liquid or gel ink counterparts

MANUFACTURERS • Manufacturers of ballpoint pens include: • BIC Corporation • Fisher Space Pen Co. • Lamy • Montblanc

Papermate Parker Pelikan Pentel Pilot Staedtler • Manufacturers of ballpoint inks include: • Dokumental • • • • • •

TRIVIA The Al Faisalia skyscraper in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, takes the shape of a ballpoint pen. • The ballpoint pen drawing 'Inhuman Pyramid' is two meters tall, one and a half meters wide, used up six ballpoint pens and took seven months to complete. •

THANX TO AIF DE PROGRAM • PROJECT MADE BY STUDENTS OF GOVT. GIRLS SEN. SEC. SCHOOL,PHILLAUR(DISTT JALANDHAR) WITH THE HELP OF BOOKS OF SCIENCE AND INTERNET.